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Washed Coal Proposal Indea

The document is a draft environmental impact assessment report for a proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washing plant located in Village Tadali, Tehsil Chandrapur, District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. It includes details of the project proponent, project description, existing environmental conditions, anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures, analysis of alternatives, environmental monitoring program, risk assessment and disaster management plan, and environmental management plan. The report was prepared by Pollution and Ecology Control Services to meet the requirements of the EIA Notification 2006.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

234 views205 pages

Washed Coal Proposal Indea

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Draft Environmental Impact Assessment &

Environmental Management Plan Report

(Submitted for Public Hearing as per the provisions of
EIA Notification 2006 & amendments thereof)

For

PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY

(Project Area: 7.5 Ha)

Located at:
Village Tadali, Tehsil Chandrapur,
District Chandrapur, State Maharashtra

Project Proponent:
M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
F-4, 1st Floor, Shradha House, Kings Way,
Near SBI Headquater, Nagpur,
Maharashtra 440001

Environmental Consultant
Pollution and Ecology Control Services (PECS)
Accredited under the QCI-NABET Scheme for EIA Consultant
Head Office: Address: Near Dhantoli Police Station,
Dhantoli, Nagpur – 440012 (Maharashtra)
E-mail: pecs_nagpur@rediffmail.com
Tel.: 0712-6504146,
09423683728, 09373128182

August 2019
Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Identification of project & project proponent 1
1.2 Brief description of the project 2
1.3 Purpose of the report 9
1.4 Scope of the study 10
1.5 Preparation of EIA/EMP 12
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Background of the project 19
2.2 Project description 19
2.3 Plant layout 22
2.4 Process description for coal washery 24
2.5 Raw coal requirement, source & mode of transport 30
2.6 Coal analysis & material balance 30
2.7 Solid waste generation & management 31
2.8 Water requirement & source 32
2.9 Electrical power requirement & source 33
2.10 Manpower requirement 33
2.11 Site infrastructure 34
2.12 Fire protection system 34
2.13 Sources of pollution 35
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Baseline environmental studies 38
3.2 Air Environment 39
3.3 Noise Environment 46
3.4 Water Environment 48
3.5 Land Environment 63
3.6 Biological Environment 70
3.7 Socio economic Environment 76
4.0 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Identification of impacts 82
4.2 Construction phase-impacts and mitigation measures 82
4.3 Operation phase-anticipated impacts and mitigation 86
measures
5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Site alternatives 114
5.2 Technology alternatives 114
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 Introduction 118
6.2 Environment monitoring programme 119

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

6.3 Budget allocation for environmental monitoring 121
6.4 Corporate environmental policy of the company 122
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public consultation 125
7.2 Risk assessment 125
7.3 Disaster management plan 129
7.4 Occupational health and surveillance 134
7.5 Safety plan 136
7.6 Social impact assessment 138
7.7 Rehabilitation & resettlement action plan 139
8.0 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Environmental costs 140
8.2 Environmental benefits 141
8.3 Environmental cost benefit analysis 141
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
9.1 Environmental costs 146
9.2 Environmental benefits 147
9.3 Improvement cost benefit analysis 147
10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Institutional arrangements for environment protection 149
and conservation
10.2 Anticipated environmental impacts and action plan 150
proposed for mitigation during plant operation phase
10.3 Budgetary allocation for environmental management 156
plan
11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 Introduction 157
11.2 Draft EIA/EMP report 158
11.3 Project description 159
11.4 Existing environmental scenario 162
11.5 Anticipated environmental impact and mitigation 168
measures
11.6 Environmental monitoring program 173
11.7 Risk assessment & disaster management plan 173
11.8 Project benefits 173
11.9 Environmental management plan 174
11.10 Conclusion 174
12.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT
12.1 Introduction to PECS 175

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CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Location map of the Plant site 4
1.2 Study area map ( 10 km radius) 5
1.3 Google image of the project site 6
2.1 Map showing location of other industries in the study area 20
2.2 Plant layout showing proposed facilities 23
2.3 Process flow sheet of proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery 29
2.4 Material balance flow chart 31
2.5 Water balance diagram 32
3.1 Site specific windrose diagram 42
3.2 Study area map with air monitoring locations 44
3.3 Study area map with noise monitoring locations 47
3.4 Map showing topography and drainage of study area 50
3.5 Hydro-geological map of Chandrapur district 51
3.6 Surface and ground water sampling locations 55
3.7 Satellite imagery of 10 km radius study area 65
3.8 Satellite imagery based Land use land cover map of the 10 66
km radius study area
3.9 Study area map with soil sampling locations 68
4.1 Flow sheet showing impacts of various plant operations 88
on air quality and proposed control/mitigation measures
4.2 GAUSSIAN PLUME model 89
4.3 Map showing predicted GLCS of PM10 92
4.4 Predicted cumulative noise isolines due to proposed coal 97
washery
4.5 Water balance diagram 100
4.6 Schematic diagram of rainwater harvesting pit 102
6.1 Organisation structure for Environment Management 122
6.2 Organisation chart for Environment Management Cell 123
10.1 Organization Structure for Environment Management 150

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
1.1 Geographical coordinates of the Project site 3
1.2 Salient features of the project site 6
1.3 Coal production and imports 8
1.4 Environmental attributes and frequency of monitoring 11
1.5 Compliance to terms of reference 13
2.1 Technical details of proposed washery 22
2.2 Land use 22

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CONTENTS

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
2.3 Land break-up of coal washery area 24
2.4 Characteristics & quantum of rom coal, washed coal & coal 30
washery rejects
2.5 Water balance for proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery 32
2.6 Identified pollution sources & proposed control measures 35
3.1 Salient features of Baseline environmental studies 38
3.2 Past Climatological data for IMD, Chandrapur 39
3.3 Summary of the meteorological data generated at site 41
3.4 Wind direction and wind speed 41
3.5 Details of ambient air quality monitoring locations 43
3.6 Summary of ambient air quality Monitoring results 45
3.7 Noise Monitoring locations in the study area 46
3.8 Summary of ambient noise level monitoring results 48
3.9 Monthly rainfall data – Chandrapur district 49
3.10 Stage of development of ground water in Chandrapur Tehsil 53
3.11 Details of water sampling locations 56
3.12 Analysis results of Surface water quality 57
3.13 Analysis results of ground water quality 60
3.14 Satellite imagery based landuse pattern of the study area 64
3.15 Details of soil sampling locations 67
3.16 Soil quality analysis results 69
3.17 List of Flora 71
3.18 Fauna observed in the study area 74
3.19 Demographic pattern of the study area 77
3.20 Employment pattern in the study area 78
3.21 Land use pattern of the study area 79
4.1 Predicted GLC of PM10 at ambient air quality monitoring stations 91
4.2 Expected source noise levels 96
4.3 Estimation of wastewater generation 99
4.4 Proposed land use of coal washery area 103
4.5 Solid waste generation 104
4.6 Characteristics & quantum of rom coal, washed coal & coal 105
washery rejects
4.7 Proposed plantation program in the coal washery area 107
4.8 Recommended species for plantation 108
5.1 Comparison of different coal washing technologies 116
6.1 Implementation schedule for mitigation measures 118
6.2 Proposed environmental monitoring schedule 121
6.3 Proposed budget for environmental monitoring programme 122
7.1 Possible risks from the proposed plant 127
8.1 Proposed budget for CER activities 145
10.1 Anticipated environmental impacts and proposed action plan for 150
mitigation of impacts due to proposed coal washery
10.2 Budget estimation for environmental management plan 156
11.1 Salient features of the project site 158

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CONTENTS

TABLE TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.
11.2 Summary of ambient air quality monitoring results 163
11.3 Summary of ambient noise level monitoring results 164
11.4 LU/LC classes and their coverage within 10 km radius 166
11.5 Summary of socio-economic environment of villages within 10 km 167
radius area
11.6 Solid waste generation 172

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE NUMBER TITLE

Annexure I ToR Letter
Annexure II Air Quality Monitoring Results
Annexure III Noise Monitoring Results
Annexure IV Socio economic details
‘

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.1.1 Project Proponent

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Private Limited is the incorporated organisation
under Companies Act, 1956, established in the year 2006 and at the stage of infancy it
has undertaken a challenge to construct a Private Commercial Railway Siding and it has
achieved and succeeded in operating the same in the month of January 2007.

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.has Railway sidings which cater to the needs
of the clients with its handling and logistics services currently in the field of coal,
cement, iron ore, manganese, gypsum and bauxite inexpensively and quickly. The
company has its first private Railway siding near Siliyari Railway Station, having a
distance of around 19 K.M.s from Siltara Industrial Growth Centre, 30 K.M.s from
Mandir Hasoud, 60-70 K.M.s from Borai Industrial Area and 70 K.M.s from Silpahari
Industrial Area, Bilaspur. Thus catering to the need of Raipur and Bilaspur industrial
cluster. And as a Second private siding is located near Bhupdeopur Railway Station
having a distance of around 25 KMs from Taraimal Industrial Growth Centre, thus
catering to the need of Raigarh industrial cluster. Railway sidings of these locations are
governed under South East Central Railway. As a third step the private siding is
constructed at Tadali, near the industrial cluster of MIDC, Dist. Chandrapur,
Maharashtra under Central Railway.

Now, looking at the prospective of demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in
the vicinity and availability of own railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.
Ltd, has decided to venture into Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed
to establish a 1.5 MTPA coal washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali
village, Tehsil & District – Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

Address for Communication

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
F-4, 1st Floor,
Shradha House, Kings Way,
Near SBI Headquater, Nagpur,
Maharashtra 440001

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 1

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Authorised Signatory:
Shri. Ajit Singh
Designation: Director
Email ID: ajitsingh@vimlalogistics.com
Phone No: 8975755775

1.1.2 Identification of Project

Looking to the demand of washed coal, company decided to set up a 1.5 MTPA coal
washery.

For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own land adjacent to the
existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery project.

Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0 Crore.

The project falls under Sector 2 (a) in Category ‘A’ as per the EIA Notification 2006,
based on the capacity of the project. Application for prior environmental clearance was
submitted to MoEF&CC on 15.02.2019. MoEF&CC issued Standard Terms of Reference
(TOR) for proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery vide letter no. J-11015/145/2018-IA.II (M)
dated 28.04.2019 (Annexure - I).

1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.2.1 Nature of the Project

This is a proposed coal washery project of 1.5 MTPA throughput capacity in 7.5 Ha area
is proposed to be located adjacent to the existing railway siding of M/s Vimla
Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Tadali village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. 1.5 Million tonnes per annum raw coal with ash content of approx. 40% or
more will be sourced from WCL mines located in Chandrapur & Wani area. (on DO
basis/through E-auction). Raw coal will be washed to reduce the ash content to less
than 34% or as per the customer demand and the washed coal will be supplied to the
user industries.

The project falls under Sector 2 (a) in Category ‘A’ as per the EIA Notification 2006,
based on the capacity of the project. There is no wildlife sanctuary/national
Park/Biosphere reserve, critically polluted area or Interstate/International boundary
within 10 km radius study area of the project.

1.2.2 Size of the Project

This is a proposed 1.5 MTPA wet Coal Washery project. For establishing the coal
washery, company has selected own land adjacent to the existing railway siding of the

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 2

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50
Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery project.

1.2.3 Cost of the Project

The capital cost of the proposed coal washery project is estimated to be approx. Rs. 22
Crore.

1.2.4 Location of the Project

The proposed coal washery area will be located in own private land of M/s Vimla
Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. The project area and 10 km radius study area falls in Toposheet no. 55
P/4 & 55 M/1 on R.F. 1:50,000. The geographical coordinates of the Project site are
given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Geographical coordinates of the project site

Sr. No. Latitude Longitude
1. 20° 0'44.54"N 79°10'25.82"E
2. 20° 0'43.30"N 79°10'27.03"E
3. 20° 0'35.68"N 79°10'24.21"E
4. 20° 0'36.25"N 79°10'20.83"E
5. 20° 0'29.64"N 79°10'18.88"E
6. 20° 0'35.38"N 79°10'12.08"E

The location map of the project site is presented in Figure 1.1, Study area map (10 Km
radius) is shown in Figure 1.2. Google image showing the project site is given in Figure
1.3. The environmental settings of the project site are presented in Table 1.2.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 3

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE PLANT SITE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 4

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 1.2: TOPO MAP OF STUDY AREA (10 KM RADIUS)

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 5

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

FIGURE 1.3: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE PROJECT SITE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 6

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Sr. No. Particulars Details

Wardha River: 6.0 km W
11 Nearest rivers
Irai River: 9.3 km SE
12 Nearest port None within 10 km radius
13 Nearest town Chandrapur, 14 Km E
14 District headquarters Chandrapur, 14 Km E
Nearest state/national
15 None within 10 km radius
boundaries
Nearest major city with
16 Chandrapur, 14 Km E
2,00,000 population
Sakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW
17 Nearest village
Tadali: 2.8 km NE
19 Nearest tourist place Mahakali Temple, Chandrapur 15.6 km SE
There are several Archaeological
20 Archaeological sites monuments in Chandrapur city beyond 10
km radius from the project site.
Protected areas as per wildlife
protection act 1972 (tiger
reverses, elephant reserve,
Tadoba-Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive
21 biospheres, national parks
zone : approx. 15 km NE
wildlife sanctuaries, community
reserves & conservation
reserves)
Bhandak Reserved Forest: 9.1 km NE
22 Reserved/protected forests
Morwa Reserved Forest: 1.4 km E
Seismic Zone II (Low Damage Risk Zone:
23 Seismicity
MSK VI or Less)
24 Defence Installations Ordinance Factory Bhadravati, 12.0 km N
MIDC Tadali is located near the proposed
Other industries in 10 km
25 project site. Also, coal mines of Wani area
radius
are located within 10 km radius.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 7

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.2.5 Supply and Demand Details

The production of coal in India is continuously growing. Year-wise domestic production

of coal & import of coal in recent years is summarized in Table 1.3 below:

Table 1.3: Coal Production and Import (In Million Tonnes)

2013-14 2014-15 2015-17 2016-17
Production 565.8 608.9(+7.6%) 639.9(+5%) 661.3(+3.4%)
Import 170.2 215.6(+27%) 207.1(-4%) 195.4(-5.8%)
SCCL Production 50.47 52.54(+4%) 60.38(+15%) 61.3(+1%)
CIL production 462.4 494.2(+7%) 538.8(+9%) 554.1(+2.8%)
Source: CMIE and Annual Production report of CIL and SCCL. Figures in brackets are growth rates

In May 2017, the Union Government approved a coal linkage policy known as “SHAKTI”
(Scheme for Harnessing and Allocating Koyala (Coal) Transparently in India). The
scheme aimed at providing fuel linkage to stressed power producers who had signed
power purchase agreements. The scheme also aimed at reducing coal imports up to
50% in FY18 by state-owned power producers.

Imports vs Indigenous production

The government has been pushing domestic thermal power plants to use domestic coal
over imported coal. The decreased import of coal is due to higher prices in the global
markets. Global coal prices as per World Bank data are at a 5 year high in the range of
USD 86-90 (Rs.5,600-5,900 @ current dollar rate) for Australian thermal coal for the
month of September. CIL and SCCL sell coal at much lower cost since it is regulated. The
lowest grade coal is priced at roughly Rs.2,200 and the highest grade is priced at Rs.
5,300 including transportation and GST. With easy availability of domestic coal at lower
prices, the import of coal is reduced as seen in Table 1.3.

1.2.6 Importance to the Country & Region

In order to meet the demand of energy requirements of all sectors (industrial,
commercial, house hold) in the country reliable and quality energy is required. About
70% of country’s energy/ power requirement is generated by coal based thermal power
plants. Sponge iron plants, steel plants, cement industry etc. also consume coal.
Thermal power plants are designed for using certain quality of coal and any deviation in
quality of coal will severely affects the performance and efficiency of the plant. Key
areas of concern in coal are ash content and inconsistency in quality of coal. The
performance and environmental aspects of thermal power plants largely depend on
quality of coal used. Due to the above reasons emphasis has been made by Govt. of India
to improve quality of coal by beneficiation and use coal with ash content of ≤ 34% in
thermal power plants located beyond 500km from coal producing points and also in
those power houses situated in environmentally sensitive areas. Due to the above facts
there will be good market for washed coal.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Following factors need to be evaluated for need of washing of coal

• Economy in long distance transportation of raw coal
• Poor performance and efficiency of plant using unwashed coal
• Ash management
• Multiplicity of supply sources in many cases add to inconsistency in quality coal
Due to the above facts there will be good market for washed coal.

1.2.7 Benefits of using washed coal

• Increased power generation efficiency, mainly due to the reduction in energy loss as
inert material passes through the combustion process
• Improvement in plant utilization factor resulting in increased plant availability
• Reduced investment costs
• Reduced operation and maintenance (O&M) costs due to less wear and reduced
costs for fuel and ash handling
• Energy conservation in the transportation sector and lower transportation costs
• Less impurities and improved coal quality thus reduction in fuel consumption
• Reduced smoke and dust emission thus reduction in load on the air pollution control
system
• Reduction in the amount of solid waste that has to be disposed off due to low ash.
Due to this there will be reduction in ash disposal area
• Reduction in auxiliary power consumption
• Reduction /elimination in fuel oil support
• Reduction in furnace wall slagging, boiler tube leakage, clinker formation, abnormal
erosion etc.
• Improvement in boiler efficiency and reduction in running maintenance of boiler
and its auxiliaries
• Reduction in outage/down time in coal mills due to absence of foreign material.

From the above it can be seen that washing of coal helps in achieving operational
efficiency and better performance of thermal plants thus plays a vital role in national as
well as regional interest.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

This is a proposed coal washery project of 1.5 MTPA throughput capacity located
adjacent to the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil &
District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal
washery project.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 9

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

(TOR) for proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery vide letter no. J-11015/145/2018-IA.II (M)
dated 28.04.2019 (Annexure - I).

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has retained services of M/s. Pollution and
Ecology Control Services, Nagpur for undertaking Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) studies as per the Terms of Reference (TOR) prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi
for assessing the impacts of proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project activities on
various environmental parameters and preparation of an Environment Management
Plan for mitigating the adverse impacts of the project. The public hearing for the project
will be conducted in line with the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 and as
prescribed in ToR. The final EIA/EMP report will be upgraded after Public hearing
incorporating concerns of public raised at the time of public hearing and will be
submitted to MoEF&CC, New Delhi for environmental clearance.

Accordingly, M/s. Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur has conducted the
baseline environmental monitoring studies as per the TOR issued by MoEF, New Delhi
and the draft EIA report is prepared for conducting the public hearing for the project.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In line with the Terms of Reference (TOR) prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi, the area
comprising 10-km radius around the coal washery is considered as the study area. The
EIA/EMP report is prepared for the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery at Tadali village,
Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
The detailed studies have been conducted as per prescribed TOR.

The scope of study broadly covered:

• Literature review and collection of primary and secondary data relevant to the
study area;
• Establishing the baseline environmental scenario in and around the proposed
project site;
• Identifying various existing pollution loads in the area;
• Predicting incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed
project operations;
• Evaluating the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the
study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental
impact assessment methodologies;
• Preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for
improving the environmental quality; and
• Identifying critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored in
the post-project scenario.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 10

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The baseline environmental studies were conducted for a period of three months
representing Summer season (March, 2019 to May, 2019) to determine existing
conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table 1.4. The scope also
includes all the conditions outlined in the TOR’s prescribed by MoEF&CC, New Delhi for
coal washery project.

TABLE 1.4: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Sr. Attributes Parameters Frequency
No.
1 Micro- Wind speed, Wind direction, At project site continuous for one
Meteorology Temperature, Relative season with hourly recording
humidity and Rainfall. and secondary data also
Non-instrumental observation collected from the nearest IMD
Cloud cover, visibility and station at Chandrapur.
dust storms etc.
2 Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX 24 hourly samples twice a week
Quality for three months at 8 locations.
3 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Hourly Ambient Noise levels
monitored at 8 locations for 24
hours at each location, once
during study period.
4 Water Physical, Chemical and Grab sampling, once during
quality Bacteriological parameters study period for 8 ground water
and 5 surface water samples.
5 Soil quality Physical and chemical Grab sampling, once during
properties of soil study period, from 3 locations
6 Ecology Existing terrestrial and Through field studies once
aquatic flora and fauna in 10- during study period. Secondary
Km radius. data from Forest & Agriculture
offices.
7 Land use Current land-use scenario Based on recent Satellite imagery
and Census Handbook.
8 Hydrogeolog Drainage area and pattern, Based on primary and secondary
y nature of streams, aquifer sources, once during study
characteristics, recharge and period.
discharge areas, etc.
9 Socio- Socio-economic aspects like From primary survey and
Economic demography, population secondary sources (Census
aspects dynamics, infrastructure Handbook) once during the
resources, health status, study period.
economic resources, etc.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.5 PREPARATION OF EIA/EMP

Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is
classified as “Category A” as per the EIA notification dated on 14th September, 2006.
After recommendation of ToR, the team of EIA Coordinator & Functional Area Experts
(as listed in Declaration) carried out desktop studies, discussed the issues involved in
the project with the project proponent and accordingly planned the schedule for
completion of the EIA studies. Baseline environmental monitoring was conducted in line
with the ToR during Summer i.e. March 2019 to May 2019 for determining the status of
ambient air quality, ambient noise levels, surface and ground water quality, soil quality,
status of flora, fauna and eco-sensitive areas and socio-economic status of the villages
within 10 km radius area of the project. The observations of the studies are
incorporated in the EIA report. Impacts of the proposed project activities during
construction and operation stages were identified and duly addressed in the EIA report
along with the proposed management plan to control / mitigate the impacts.
Environmental Management Plan is suggested to implement the pollution control
measures in the project.

The draft report is prepared incorporating the TOR conditions and point wise TOR
condition compliance are summarized below:

1.5.1 Compliance of Terms of Reference:

The point wise compliance of TOR conditions is given in Table 1.5

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

TABLE 1.5: COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status
No.
1. Siting of washery is critical considering The proposed coal washery site is
to its environmental impacts. located adjacent to the existing private
Preference should be given to the site railway siding of M/s Vimla
located at pit head; in case such a site is
Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in own
not available, the site should be as close
to the pit head as possible and coal private land in Tadali village, Tehsil &
should be transported from mine to the District Chandrapur, Maharashtra.
washery preferably through closed There are opencast coal mines of WCL
conveyer belt to avoid air pollution. in Chandrapur and Wani area in the
vicinity of the project. Details of the
project site location are given in Para
1.2.4 in Chapter 1 and justification for
site selection is given in Para 5.1 in
Chapter 5.
2. The washery shall not be located in Proposed coal washery project is not
eco-sensitive zones areas. located in any eco-sensitive area.
3. The washery should have a closed Proposed coal washery will operate
system and zero discharge. The storm on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ Principle.
drainage should be treated in settling Details are given in Para 4.3.4 in
ponds before discharging into
Chapter 4.
rivers/streams/water bodies.
4. A thick Green belt of about 50 m width A thick green belt will be developed
should be developed surrounding the around the proposed coal washery
washery. boundary. 2.6 Ha area is demarcated
for the greenbelt/plantation. Details
are given in Para 4.3.7.2 in Chapter 4.
5. A brief description of the plant Project description along with plant
alongwith a layout, the specific lay out, proposed coal washery
technology used and the source of coal process, sources of raw coal, etc. are
should be provided.
covered in Chapter 2.
6. The EIA-EMP Repot should cover the The draft EIA/EMP report is prepared
impacts and management plan for the for 1.5 MTPA coal washery on rated
project of the capacity for which EC is capacity. Impacts of the proposed coal
sought and the impacts of specific
washery during construction and
activities, including the technology
used and coal used, on the environment operation phases and corresponding
of the area (within 10km radius), and proposed pollution control measures
the environmental quality of air, water, on various environmental attributes
land, biotic community, etc. through are described in Chapter 4.
collection of data and information,
generation of data on impacts for the
rated capacity. Cumulative impacts for

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

No.
air and water should be a part of ElA in
case coal mine, TPP and other
washeries are located within 10km
radius. The ElA should also include
mitigative measures needed to
minimize adverse environmental
impacts.
7. A Study Area Map of the core zone as A 10 km radius study area map
well as the 10km area of buffer zone showing locations of major industries
showing major industries/ mines and / mines located within 10 km radius is
other polluting sources should be
given in Figure 2.1 in Chapter 2.
submitted. These maps shall also
indicate the migratory corridors of
fauna, if any and areas of endangered There is no National Park/Wildlife
fauna; plants of medicinal and Sanctuary /Tiger reserve or other eco-
economic importance; any ecologically sensitive area within 10 km radius of
sensitive areas within the 10 km buffer the proposed coal washery project.
zone; the shortest distance from the
National Park/WL Sanctuary Tiger
Reserve, etc. alongwith the comments
of the Chief Wildlife Warden of the
State Government.
8. Data of one-season (non-monsoon) Environmental monitoring for
primary- base-line data on ambient air quality, ambient noise
environmental quality of air (PM10, levels, surface and ground water
PM2.5, SOx and NOx, noise, water
quality, soil quality, etc. was carried
(surface and groundwater), soil be
submitted. out during summer 2019. Details are
incorporated in Chapter 3.
9. The wet washery should generally There is no mine in the vicinity of
utilize mine water only. In case mine proposed coal washery site. Rainwater
water is not available, the option of harvesting is proposed in the project
storage of rain water and its use should
and the harvested rainwater will be
be examined. Use of surface water and
ground water should be avoided. used to the extent possible. Additional
water requirement will be fulfilled
from ground water sources. Necessary
prior permission will be obtained
from CGWA. Details are given in Para
4.3.4.3 in Chapter 4.
10. Detailed water balance should be Detailed water balance and break up
provided. The break-up of water of water requirement is given in Para
requirement as per different activities 2.8.1 in Chapter 2.
in the mining operations vis-a-vis
washery should be given. If the source

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

No.
of water is from surface water and/or
ground water, the same may be
justified besides obtaining approval of
the Competent Authority for its drawl.
11. The entire sequence of mineral Activity wise pollution sources and
production, transportation, handling, corresponding proposed mitigation
transfer and storage of mineral and measures are discussed in Para 2.13 in
waste, if any, and their impacts on air
Chapter 2.
quality should be shown in a flow chart
with specific points where fugitive
emissions can arise and specific Mode of transport for raw coal,
pollution control/mitigative measures washed coal and reject coal is
proposed to be put in place. The discussed in Para 2.5 in Chapter 2.
washed coal and rejects should be
transport by train as far as possible.
Road transport of washed coal and
rejects should generally be avoided. In
case, the TPP is within 10km radius, it
should be through conveyer belt. If
transport by rail is not feasible because
of the topography of the area, the
option for transport by road be
examined in detail and its impacts
along with the mitigation measures
should be clearly brought out in
ElA/EMP report.
12. Details of various facilities proposed to Site infrastructure facilities and
be provided in terms of parking, rest pollution load from these facilities are
areas, canteen etc.to the personnel discussed in Para 2.11 in Chapter 2.
involved in mineral transportation,
workshop and effluents/pollution load
from these activities should be
provided.
13. Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water
Impacts of the proposed coal washery
quality should also be spelt out project on ambient air quality and
alongwith Action Plan. water quality are discussed in Chapter
3.
14. O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated CER activities are planned as per the
11th August, 2014 to be followed with provisions of the state O.M. Details of
regard to CSR activities. the proposed CER activities are
discussed in Chapter 9.
15. Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s) The Draft EIA/EMP report is
issued in newspapers, submitted for public hearing. Details
proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing, of the public hearing will be

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

No.
points raised by the general public and incorporated in Final EIA/EMP report.
response/commitments made by the
proponent along with the Action Plan
and budgetary provisions be submitted
in tabular form. If the Public Hearing is
in the regional language, an
authenticated English translation of the
same should be provided. Status of any
litigations/ court cases filed/pending, if
any, against the project should be
mentioned in EIA.
16. Analysis of samples indicating the Detailed characteristics of raw coal,
following be submitted: washed coal and reject coal are given
a) Characteristics of coal prior to in Para 2.6 in Chapter 2.
washing (this includes grade of coal,
other characteristics of ash, S and
heavy levels of metals such as Hg, As,
Pb, Cr etc).
b) Characteristics and quantum of coal
after washing.
c) Characteristics and quantum of coal
rejects.
17. Details of management/disposal/use of Details of the washery reject coal
coal rejects should be provided. The generation and its management is
rejects should be used in TPP located discussed in Para 4.3.6 in Chapter 4.
close to the washery as far as possible.
If TPP is within a reasonable distance
(10 km), transportation should be by
conveyor belt. If it is far away, the
transportation should be by rail as far
as possible.
18. Copies of MOU/Agreement with The raw coal for the proposed coal
linkages (for stand-alone washery) for washery will be procured through
the capacity for which EC is being auction / on DO basis. Washed coal
sought should be submitted.
will be sold to the user industries as
per requirement.
19. Corporate Environment Responsibility: Details of the Corporate
a) The Company must have a well laid Environmental responsibility of the
down Environment Policy approved by company are discussed in Para 6.4 in
the Board of Directors.
Chapter 6.
b) The Environment Policy must
prescribe for standard operating
process/procedures to bring into focus
any infringements/deviation/violation

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

No.
of the environmental or forest norms/
conditions.
c) The hierarchical system or
Administrative Order of the company to
deal with environmental issues and for
ensuring compliance with the
environmental clearance conditions
must be furnished..
d) To have proper checks and balances,
the company should have a well laid
down system of reporting of non-
compliances/violations of
environmental norms to the Board of
Directors of the company and/or
shareholders or stakeholders at large.
20. A detailed action Plan for Corporate Details of the proposed CER activities
Social Responsibility for the project planned in the nearby villages are
affected people and people living in and given in Chapter 9.
around the project area should be
provided.
21. Permission of drawl of water shall be Necessary permission will be obtained
pre-requisite for consideration of EC. from CGWA for drawal of ground
water.
22. Wastewater /effluent should confirm to The proposed coal washery will
the effluent standards as prescribed operate on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’
under Environment (Protection) Act, Principle. There will not be any
1986
discharge of process effluent from the
coal washery. Details are given in Para
4.3.4.3 in Chapter 4.
23. Details of washed coal, middling and Details of the washed coal and reject
rejects along with the MoU with the coal generation are given in Para 2.6.
end-users should be submitted.

1.5.2 Structure of EIA/EMP Report

The draft EIA/EMP report is prepared in line with the generic structure as per EIA
Notification 2006. The draft EIA/EMP report consists of the following chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Project Description
Chapter 3: Description of Environment
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives
Chapter 6: Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

Chapter 8: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
Chapter 9: Project Benefits
Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan
Chapter 11: Summary & Conclusion
Chapter 12: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged

Apart from the above, Executive summary in English and Marathi language are
prepared and submitted for Public Consultation Process.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Looking to the demand of washed coal, company decided to set up a 1.5 MTPA coal
washery. For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own land adjacent to
the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District -
Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery
project. Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0
Crore.

2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.2.1 Location of the Project

The proposed coal washery area will be located in own private land of M/s Vimla
Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. Google Map showing other industries in the 10 km radius study area is
given in Figure 2.1, whereas the plant site photographs are presented in Plate 2.1.

Accessibility:
Nearest Village: Sakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW
Tadali: 2.8 km NE
Nearest Town: Chandrapur, 14 Km E
Nearest Highway Chandrapur – Nagpur State Highway (SH 264) : 1.7
KM NE
Nearest Railway Station: Tadali Railway Station: 2.2 Km, NE
Bhadrawati Railway station: 10 km NNW
Chandrapur Railway Station: 17 Km SE
Nearest Airport Morwa Airstrip: 5.4 km E
Nagpur Airport: 120 km N

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

FIGURE 2.1: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF OTHER INDUSTRIES IN THE STUDY AREA

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

PLATE 2.1: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT SITE

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.2.2 Size of the Project

The details of proposed coal washery, resources availability and land use are presented
in Table-2.1 & Table 2.2.

TABLE-2.1: TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PROPOSED WASHERY

Sr. No. Features Details
1 Proposed Capacity 1.5 MTPA (Wet process)
2 Area 7.5 Ha
3 Air Pollution Control Water Sprinklers, Bag filters, Green belt, covered
System transportation, etc.
4 Source of Raw Coal From WCL Coal Mines in Wani & Chandrapur
Area

2.2.3 Land Description

TABLE 2.2: LAND USE

Sr. No. Particulars Description
1. Land allocated 7.5 Ha
2. Ownership Private land owned by M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd.
3. Type of landuse Industrial use i.e. Existing railway siding
4. Proposed Landuse Industrial use i.e. coal washery

2.3 PLANT LAYOUT

Proposed coal washery will be established adjacent to the existing railway siding of the
company in 7.5 Ha area. The layout plan showing proposed coal washery is given in
Figure 2.2. The proposed landuse break-up of the plant area is given in Table 2.3.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

FIGURE 2.2: PLANT LAYOUT SHOWING PROPOSED FACILITIES

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

TABLE 2.3: LAND BREAK-UP OF COAL WASHERY AREA

Sr. No. Particulars Area (Ha) %
1 Washery plant 2.25 30.00
2 Coal Storage yard 0.7 9.33
3 Reject storage yard 0.35 4.67
4 Greenbelt & Plantation area 2.6 34.67
5 Water reservoir & Rainwater harvesting area 1.2 16.00
6 Office building and rest shelters 0.4 5.33
Total 7.50 100.0

2.4 PROCESS DESCRIPTION FOR COAL WASHERY

The proposed washery will process about 1.50 MTPA raw coal and produce about 1.059
MTPA clean Coal at an average yield of 70.6%. The washery will operate for effective
6000 hours annually. The hourly average capacity of the plant will be approximately
250 TPH (average). The proposed washery will consist of the following sections:

1. Raw coal section

2. Washing Section (HM cyclone house)
3. Fine coal treatment section
4. Clean coal section.
5. Rejects section
6. Dust suppression/Dust extraction system
7. Auxiliary buildings

1 Raw Coal Section:

A 250 TPH capacity unit will be constructed and 20% extra over the average capacity
will be provided to meet seasonal variations in the production of open cast coal mines.

One ground hopper will be provided to receive raw coal from tipping trucks. Vibratory
feeder (300TPH capacity) will be provided below each hopper to reclaim coal from the
hopper and load on to the associated belt conveyor (RC-1) (300TPH capacity). Rod gate
will be provided between hopper opening and vibratory feeder to arrest flow of coal at
the time of maintenance of vibratory feeder. The conveyor will elevate coal and
discharge the same on the associated double deck primary screen (300 TPH capacity).
At the discharge end of the conveyor, an electromagnetic separator will be provided for
removal of ferrous material. The primary screen separates coal into fines (0-10mm),
sized coal (-60 + 10 mm) and oversize coal (+60-250 mm) fractions. The sized coal i.e. -
60 + 10 mm fraction will be collected on a belt conveyor (RC-2) from below the primary
screen and oversize coal i.e. +60-250 mm fraction from the primary screens will be
discharged on a belt conveyor (OSC-1). The +60 -250 mm coal will then be fed to a
1200mm wide picking conveyer for picking/removing the shales/ stones which will be

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

disposed off for land filling. The +60 -250 mm oversize coal from the picking conveyor,
after removal of stones, will then be fed to a double roll crusher to reduce the size down
to (-)50mm. The crusher will be of 250TPH capacity and suitable to crush (-) 250mm
lumps to (-) 50mm size with small % of over size. The crushed coal from the crusher
and the (-60 + 10 mm) sized coal from primary screen will be collected on a 1200 mm
wide belt conveyor which will elevate and discharge in an overhead surge bunker. Coal
from the surge bunker will be reclaimed with the help of vibratory feeder and
discharged on a 1200 mm belt conveyor for elevating and discharging in the wet box
provided in HM cyclone house.

2 Washing section:
HM Section: In this circuit (+) 10 mm to (-) 50 mm fraction will be treated to improve
the quality. The circuit consists of the following:

De- Sliming section:

The raw coal conveyor from the surge bunker will discharge coal in a wet box. From the
wet box the pulp will flow down on to a de-sliming screen of 250TPH capacity. Water is
sprayed over the de-sliming screen with the help of spray nozzles to remove slimes of
0.5 mm size. The over flow from de-sliming screen will be carried to correct media tank
and under flow of de-sliming screen will be carried to fine coal tank/ classifying cyclone
sump.

Correct Media tank & HM Cyclones:

The over flow i.e. clean coal will be discharged on D&R screen (single deck screen). The
purpose of the D&R screen will be to drain the media and rinse off any adhered media
by spraying clarified water. For this purpose the initial portion of the screen will be
used for draining heavy media and on the second portion water will be sprayed to rinse
the magnetic particles. The over flow from D&R screen will be fed to a belt press to
remove excess water. Coal from belt press will be discharged on clean coal conveyor
and the slurry/ pulp will be taken to fine coal tank. Two catch pans will be provided
below the D&R screen for collecting dense media in the first one and rinsed media/
dilute media in second pan. The heavy media will be taken a splitter box from where it
will normally be taken to correct media tank with an option for transferring to dilute
media tank. The rinsed media / dilute media will be taken to dilute media tank.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The under flow (rejects) of heavy media cyclone will be taken to a horizontal refuse
screen through a fixed sieve bend. The purpose of the sieve bend and screen will be to
drain the media and rinse off any adhered media by spraying clarified water. For this
purpose the initial portion of the screen will be used for draining heavy media and on
the second portion water will be sprayed to rinse the magnetic particles. After draining
and rinsing the fraction retained over the screen will be discharged on rejects conveyor.
Two catch pans will be provided below the D&R screen for collecting dense media in the
first one and rinsed media/ dilute media in second pan. The dense media from below
the sieve bend and first catch pan of D&R screen will be taken to splitter box. The heavy
media will be taken a splitter box from where it will normally be taken to correct media
tank with an option for transferring to dilute media tank. The overflow from the D&R
screen will be transported to overhead hopper for storage and then loading into trucks
for further transportation.

Magnetite will be charged into the dilute media tank with the help of magnetite charging
pump to improve the pulp density. From the dilute media tank, the rinsed media will be
pumped to a feed box for distributing to wet drum magnetic separator (LIMS). Magnetic
separator will recover the magnetite and transfer it to over dense media tank. Over
dense media tank pumps (one working and other stand by) will transfer to a splitter box
provided over correct media tank. From the splitter box, media will be transferred to
correct media tank through density adjustment tank with a provision to transfer the
over flow back to over dense media tank. The over flow from the wet drum magnetic
separator will be carried to wet box for spraying.

Density gauge will be fitted before the density adjustment tank for controlling the
addition of media in dilute media tank. Level monitoring and transmitting units will be
provided to control the level in the heavy media sump. Pressure gauges and pressure
transmitting units will be provided in the HM circuit to maintain the correct discharge
pressure to the HM cyclones.

Fine coal circuit:

In this section 0.5 mm fraction will treated and recovered from the pulp. Slurry/pulp
from the fine coal tank will be pumped to a set of raw coal classifying cyclones. The over
flow from the classifying cyclones will be carried to a high rate thickener (25 m dia.).
The under flow from the classifying cyclones will be carried to a high frequency screen.
The particles retained over the high frequency screen will be discharged on clean coal
conveyor or reject conveyor as per quality parameters and the under flow from the high
frequency screen will be taken to a high rate thickener.

Slurry/ pulp from below the high rate thickener will be pumped to a mixing tank where
flocculent will be added to agglomerate the fine particles for efficient liquid and solid
separation on the belt press. The mixture will then be fed to a parallel drum belt press.
In the belt press the material will be pressed to squeeze the water. After wards the cake
will be taken to clean coal belt conveyor and the slurry will be taken back to thickener.
The thickener will receive coal slurry from belt press, classifying cyclone over flow,
under flow of high frequency screen through pipes. Flocculent will be added to the
slurry in the thickener for fast settlement of the solid particles. Launder will be

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

provided along the internal periphery of the thickener for collection of clarified water
and then sending to clarified water tank. Provision will also be made for draining the
slurry from the thickener to slime pond in case emergency.

Clean coal section:

Coal from belt press of HM circuit, over flow from the high frequency screen and cake
from belt press of fine coal circuit will be stored in overhead hoppers. Trucks will be
loaded below these hoppers for transporting to the siding to dispatch by rail wagons to
distant consumers.

Reject section:
Over flow from the rejects D&R screen of HM section will be stored in overhead
hoppers. Trucks will be loaded below the hoppers for transporting the same to user
industries located in the vicinity or to the railway siding for transportation by rail.

Fine coal (<10 mm size):

Fine coal without beneficiating will be stored in the overhead hoppers. Trucks will be
loaded below the hoppers for transporting to railway siding for loading along with the
washed coal fractions as per requirement.

Wagon Loading section:

Private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is located adjacent to
the proposed coal washery site. Existing in motion type electronic weigh bridge at the
railway siding will be used to weigh loaded wagons for preparing RRs.

Auxiliary Services:
The following auxiliary services will be provided in the washery:
a) Dust suppression system with spray nozzles etc. at truck receiving station,
Discharge end of raw coal conveyors
b) Dust extraction system will be provided at double roll crusher. The system
will consist of hoods, ducts, blower, stack etc.
c) Compressed air system for purging, valve operation, cleaning
d) Firefighting system consisting of fire hydrants, Fire extinguishers, fire pumps,
water tank, Fire alarm system etc.
e) Slime pond equipped with over flow pump
f) Fresh water, drinking water supply system, high pressure purging system,
floor cleaning
g) Rest shelters, toilets, urinals, truck parking, two wheelar parking, etc.

Dust control arrangements:

Water spraying arrangement with the help of fog spray nozzles will be provided near
the truck receiving arrangement, near discharge pulley of washery feeding conveyors
and other transfer points to suppress the dust. Dust extraction system will be provided
at the crusher house for control of dust generated at this place. No arrangement will be
provided in washing section as there will not be any production of dust due to wet coal.

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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Rain guns will be provided near coal stock yard. Enclosures will be provided to all the
conveyor belts and hoppers. Periodic water sprinkling by tanker will be carried out on
internal roads. Thick green belt plantation will be carried out along the boundary of coal
washery to arrest dust.

Utilities: The following utilities will be provided

i. Coal sampling preparation room
ii. Charge Stores
iii. Rest shelter
iv. Car and cycle shed
v. MCC cum control room for washery
vi. Generator room
vii. Fresh water reservoir with pumps
viii. Reservoir for firefighting along with pump house.
ix. Road weigh bridges along with control room.
x. Security and time office

The Process flow sheet for the proposed coal washery project is given in Figure 2.3.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 28

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

FIGURE 2.3: PROCESS FLOW SHEET FOR PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.5 RAW COAL REQUIREMENT, SOURCE & MODE OF TRANSPORT

Run of mines [ROM] coal will be the only raw material requirement for proposed
washery. Annual requirement of proposed washery is envisages to the tune of
1,500,000 TPA.

Mode of Transport for Raw materials and finished products:

The coal will be sourced from nearby coal mines of Western Coalfield Limited (WCL),
located in Chandrapur & Wani area.

Since the washery site is located close to the WCL mines in Chandrapur and there is
existing railway siding adjacent to the proposed plant site, raw coal will be transported
to the plant mostly by rail. In case of non-availability of rail facility at the mine site, coal
will be transported by road in covered trucks.

Washed Coal and rejects will be supplied to nearby Power plants. The mode of transport
of washed coal will be by rail. Only in case of absence of railway facility at user industry,
road transport will be used. Adjacent railway siding of the company will be used for coal
transport.

2.6 COAL ANALYSIS & MATERIAL BALANCE

Raw coal will be obtained from WCL coal mines located in Chandrapur & Wani area. The
characteristics and quantum of raw coal, washed coal and coal washery rejects are given
in Table 2.4.

TABLE 2.4: CHARACTERISTICS & QUANTUM OF ROM COAL, WASHED COAL & COAL
WASHERY REJECTS
Sr. No. Properties Raw Coal Washed Coal Rejects
1 Ash % 40 30 64.01
2 Moisture % 1 4.8 8.9
3 Sulphur % 0.4-0.5 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.6
4 GCV (Kcal/Kg) 3800 - 4300 5089-5600 2200-2800
5 Yield % 100 70.6 29.4
6 Quantity (TPA) 1,500,000 1,059,000 441,000

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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The material balance flow chart for the proposed coal washery is given in Figure 2.4.

Raw Coal (1.5 MTPA)

Source: WCL Coal Mines in Chandrapur & Wani Area

Washed Coal (1.059 MTPA) Reject Coal (0.441 MTPA)

To TPP/Steel/Sponge Iron To CFBC Power Plants/Cement
Plants plants

FIGURE 2.4: MATERIAL BALANCE FLOW CHART

2.7 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT

2.7.1 Washery Reject Coal

In the proposed coal washery, it is proposed to process 1.5 MTPA raw coal in the. About
30% of raw coal i.e. 0.441 MTPA washery reject coal will be generated from the
proposed coal washery. Rejects generated during coal washing process can be used for
power generation in CFBC technology based power plants. Coal Washery rejects will be
given to Power plants operating on CFBC technology in the vicinity of the proposed
washery. The reject coal will be transported by means of rail / road based on the
facilities available at the user industries. The reject coal will be transported by covered
trucks in case of road transport.

2.7.2 Municipal Solid Waste

Negligible municipal wastes will be generated, which after composting, will be used as
manure. Non-biodegradable waste will be sold to authorised recycling vendors. There
will be no domestic wastes as residential buildings are not constructed in the washery
premises.

2.7.3 Hazardous Waste

Spent oil & grease, damaged parts of machinery and equipment, empty drums of
lubricant and oils, etc. will be generated during the washery operation. These waste
material will be separately stored in a separate shed allocated for this purpose. The
shed will have concrete floor to avoid spillage seeping to ground. These materials will
be sold to authorised recycling vendors.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.8 WATER REQUIREMENT & SOURCE

2.8.1 Water Requirement & Source

The total daily make-up water required for the proposed plant will be 386 KLD which
will be met from ground water. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the coal
washery plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to the
extent possible. Necessary permission for drawl of ground water will be obtained from
CGWB. There is no alternate source of water available at the project site. The water
balance for proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery is given in Table 2.5. The Water balance
diagram is given in Figure 2.5.

TABLE 2.5: WATER BALANCE FOR PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY
(UNIT: KLD)
Make up Remarks
Daily water Effluent water
Purpose requirement Generation Losses requirement
Coal Recycled in
6750 6412.5 338 338
washing process
Dust --
30 0 30 30
suppression
Plantation 15 0 15 15 --
Treated in
package type STP
Domestic
3 2.50 3 3 & treated effluent
use
reused for dust
suppression.
Total 6798 6415.0 386 386

Treated water from Thickeners Make up water : 386 KLD

6412 KLD Source: Ground water

6412 KLD

6412 KLD
338 KLD 30 KLD 15 KLD 3 KLD

Coal washing Dust Suppression Plantation Domestic Use

6750 KLD 30 KLD 15 KLD 3 KLD

2.5 KLD
Thickeners Package Type
Evaporation Losses STP
FIGURE 2.5: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED COAL WASHERY

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.8.2 Water Storage

Water reservoir will be constructed within plant premises for storage of at least 3 days
daily make up water requirement. Separate water tank will be provided for provision of
fire fighting along with pumping arrangement. Treated drinking water will be stored in
separate tanks.

2.8.3 Wastewater treatment & Discharge

Total daily water requirement in the proposed coal washery is about 6798 KLD. Out of
this, about 6412.5 KLD water will be collected as process effluent and will be treated in
thickeners. The treated effluent will be reused in the coal washing process. Remaining
386 KLD water will be lost as coal moisture, evaporation losses and process losses.

The plant will operate on 'Zero Discharge Principle'. There will not be any effluent
discharge from the coal washery plant. All the process effluent generated in the plant
will be treated in thickeners and will be reused in the coal washing process. Domestic
effluent from plant premises will be treated in package type STP & treated effluent will
be reused for dust suppression.

In view of conservation of water, rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the plant.
Surface run-off from the plant area will be collected in a settling tank through a network
of drains and the water will be used in the process, thereby reducing the drawal of
ground water. Rainwater from roof tops will be collected in a rainwater harvesting tank
and will be allowed to percolate to ground through a scientifically designed rainwater
harvesting system.

2.9 ELECTRICAL POWER REQUIREMENT & SOURCE

Power requirement will be 2.5 MW will be met by Maharashtra State Electricity
Distribution Company Limited (MAHADISCOM). Diesel generators of 1000 KVA will be
provided at the project site for use in case of grid power failure.

2.10 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT

There is direct and indirect employment opportunity by virtue of establishment of the

proposed coal washery. Local areas will be benefitted by way of generation of
employment opportunities, increased demand for local products and services. Most of
the manpower requirement of unskilled and semiskilled will be met from local source
and peripheral villages so that there will be overall improvement in the income level of
the local people.

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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Approximately 50 persons will be required during construction period of the coal

washery project. Total man power requirement during operation in the plant will be
about 45 nos. With the development of the project, there will be lot of scope for
ancillary development in the region which in turn leads to indirect employment. There
will be some improvement in educational, medical, transportation, aesthetic
environment and business generation which leads to overall improvement of socio-
economic status of people in the area due to implementation of the project.

2.11 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE

The coal washery is proposed in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur,
Maharashtra. The proposed site is located adjacent to existing MIDC Tadali area.

Site facilities: For efficient plant operation, infrastructure facilities like office, store,
rest area, drinking water facilities, urinals, latrines, canteen, first aid centre, etc will be
made available within the plant premises. Internal black topped (tar) roads will be
developed. An ambulance facility will be kept ready to attend any medical emergency
occurred during construction and plant operation phase.

A small workshop for routine maintenance will be provided within the washery
premises. Effluent from the workshop will be treated in oil and grease trap and treated
effluent will be used for dust suppression.

Parking facility for trucks involved in transportation of coal will be provided at the
washery site.

Residential area: No residential facilities are proposed within the plant premises.

Connectivity:
The project is well connected by all-weather road to the district head quarter
Chandrapur which is at about 14.0 km by road. The nearest railway station is Tadali
situated at a distance of 2.2km. Other main Railway station is Chandrapur, located at
about 17 km. The nearest airport is at Nagpur, which is about 150 km by road.

2.12 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Fire hydrant system covering all the buildings of the proposed washery plant including
coal stockyard would be provided. A separate water tank of 200 KL capacity along with
pumping arrangement will be provided for firefighting purposes. In addition to the fire
hydrant system, the following fire protection systems will be proposed:

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 34

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

• Suitable types of portable fire extinguishers system for the protection of electrical
devices
• Automatic water sprinkling system for coal conveyors, coal stack yard, etc.;
• Automatic sprinklers systems for certain select areas
• Manual HVWS system; and
• Portable extinguishers and fire tenders as required

Communication System
An effective communication system by way of automatic dial type telephones and public
address system will be made available. All important telephone numbers will be
displayed at manager’s office, time office & security guard cabin.

2.13 SOURCES OF POLLUTION

The various types of pollution from the proposed washery are expected as shown
below:
• Air pollution;
• Water pollution;
• Solid waste;
• Noise pollution.
• Traffic Density &
• Socio-economic Environment

The major type of pollution from the washery is fugitive emissions. In addition,
wastewater and solid waste will also be generated. The impacts on various
environmental aspects due to the proposed coal washery, identified pollution sources
and proposed pollution control measures are summarized in Table 2.6.

TABLE 2.6: IDENTIFIED POLLUTION SOURCES & PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES

Environmental Source/Activity Proposed Control Measures
Aspects
Fugitive Coal handling, • Water sprinkling during loading, unloading,
Emissions Processing, internal roads, etc.
Storage, Coal • Fixed water sprinklers for coal stockyard
Loading and • Closed belt conveyors
Unloading area • Provision of Bag filters at coal crusher
• Wet coal washing process
• Development of thick green belt around
plant premises
• Transport of coal through wagons/trucks
covered with tarpauline.

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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Environmental Source/Activity Proposed Control Measures

Aspects

Noise Pollution Belt conveyor, • Periodic preventive maintenance of

Screens, crusher, equipment and machineries
etc. • Provision of acoustic enclosures to
crushers, screens, DG sets, etc.
• Development of thick green belt and
plantation in and around plant premises
• Provision of ear muffs/plugs to workers
exposed to high noise generating areas.
• Job rotation of workers exposed to high
noise generating operations.
Wastewater Process (wet • Utilization of thickeners & belt press
Source washing) technology to recover maximum water from
the washed coal and rejects.
• Collection of process effluent in thickener
and recycle in the process
• Treatment of domestic effluent in Package
type STP and recycle treated water for dust
suppression & Plantation
• Treatment of wash water from workshop in
Oil & Grease trap.
• Ensuring 'Zero Effluent Discharge' in the
plant.
Solid & Washery Rejects, • Washery rejects will be dispatched to CFBC
Hazardous spent oil & grease power plants.
Waste from maintenance • Biodegradable solid wastes from canteen
work and office will be used for composting.
• Spent oil & grease will be collected & stored
in separate leak proof bins and will be sold
to authorized recycling vendors.
Traffic Density Raw coal transport, • Raw coal, washed coal and washery rejects
washed coal & coal will be transported by railway wagons.
reject transport, • Railway siding of the company is located
manpower adjacent to the proposed washery site.
transport • In case of non-availability of railway
facilities at user industry or in case of non
availability of railway wagons, road
transport through covered trucks will be

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Environmental Source/Activity Proposed Control Measures

Aspects
done.
• Most of the manpower will be from nearby
villages.
Socio-economic Additional load on • Washery site is located near existing MIDC
Environment infrastructural Tadali area.
facilities • Local people will get benefit due to direct
and indirect employment opportunities.
• M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Ltd. will
carry out CSR activities in the nearby
villages.
• Overall quality of life of people in the
nearby villages will be improved.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

The EIA report for the project has to describe the existing environmental conditions
surrounding the proposed coal washery area. The baseline environmental monitoring
was carried out by NABL accredited laboratory during Summer Season 2019 (March -
May 2019) as recommended by the Ministry of Environment and Forest in the Standard
TOR issued for the project.
The baseline Environment study for the proposed project was carried out in an area of
10 km radius all along the boundary of the project area. The proposed coal washery
area was considered as ‘Core Zone’ and the area within 10 km radius from the project
boundary was considered as ‘Buffer Zone’. The core zone and buffer zone together forms
the study area for the project.

TABLE 3.1: SALIENT FEATURES OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Parameter Study Inference
Micrometeorological Wind Profile, Temperature, To assess the potential targets
Studies Relative humidity, Rainfall, etc. of pollution from the activity
Ambient Air Quality Particulate Matter (PM10) To assess baseline air quality
studies Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) status of the area
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Ambient Noise Level Noise Levels To identify present noise levels
studies and major noise generating
sources
Water Quality, Soil Physical, Chemical, and Heavy To identify baseline water
Quality Studies and Metals & Land Use Studies quality, Soil quality for future
land use pattern reference and land use pattern
in the area
Biological Study of flora & fauna, ecological To identify the existing flora &
Environment sensitive areas fauna for the possible impacts
on them due to proposed coal
washery and coal
transportation.
Socio-economic & Socio-economic aspects To know the socio-economic
Demographic status of the study area.
studies

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1.1 Methodology
Appropriate methodologies are followed in preparing the EIA-EMP report. The
methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:
• Conducting reconnaissance of the study area;
• Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environment baseline
studies;

The sampling locations were selected on the basis of the following:

• Predominant wind directions recorded by the Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD) Chandrapur observatory;
• Location of villages/towns/ sensitive areas, and;
• Areas, which represent baseline conditions;
• Existing topography;
• Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like lakes/ponds,
rivers and streams;

3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Meteorology
Historical data on meteorological parameters plays an important role in identifying the
general meteorological regime of the region. The data also helps in identifying
predominant wind directions, rainfall pattern, etc. and this plays a critical role in
selection of environmental monitoring locations during the study period.

The year may broadly be divided into four seasons viz., Pre-Monsoon (Summer) from
March to May, Monsoon from June to September, Post Monsoon from October to
November and Winter from December to February.

Meteorological data Sources

Secondary information for the last 30 years (1971-2000) on meteorological conditions
was collected from the nearest IMD station at Chandrapur. Pressure, temperature,
relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction are measured twice a day viz., at
0830 and 1730 hr. The climatologically data of IMD Chandrapur is presented in Table
3.2.

TABLE 3.2: PAST CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR IMD, CHANDRAPUR

Month Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)
Min Max 8:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs. Mean
January 14.5 30.3 71 40 12.7
February 16.9 33.1 60 32 16.4
March 21.0 37.7 46 23 12.6

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Month Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)

Min Max 8:30 hrs. 17:30 hrs. Mean
April 25.4 41.5 39 20 14.7
May 28.2 43.0 39 21 16.8
June 26.7 37.8 65 48 181.2
July 24.4 32.0 81 70 361.9
August 24.0 30.8 84 74 356.9
September 23.8 32.4 81 68 178.3
October 21.4 32.9 76 59 77.6
November 16.9 31.0 73 51 13.9
December 13.2 29.6 72 45 6.5
Range 13.2 – 43.0 20 - 84 1249.4
Source: Climatological Normals IMD, Chandrapur. (1971-2000)

Analysis of IMD Data Chandrapur

The Indian Meteorological Department records the data at two times a day viz. 0830 hr
and 1730 hr, while the site-specific data was recorded at an hourly interval. Comparison
of the site specific data generated during the study period vis-à-vis the data monitored
by IMD shows that by and large these are comparable.

Temperature
The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. The
average maximum temperature recorded 33.1°C in the month of February and average
minimum temperature recorded 13.2°C in the month of December. Both the day and
night temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of summer season from March to
May. During summer season, the average maximum temperature was observed 43.0°C
in the month of May with the minimum temperature 21°C in the month of March.

Relative Humidity
The average monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity was observed around
20% to 46% during summer period. In the monsoon period the relative humidity
ranged between 48% - 84%. During the post-monsoon season, the mean humidity was
observed between 51% -76% and during winter season, the mean humidity was
observed between 32% - 72%.

Rainfall
The average annual rainfall based on the IMD data was 1249.4 mm. The monsoon
generally sets in during the first week of June. The rainfall gradually decreases after
September. The maximum numbers of rainy days were observed in the month of July
with average monthly rainfall of 361.9 mm, followed by August month with average
rainfall of 356.9 mm.

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Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Analysis of Meteorological Data Recorded at the Project Site

On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological parameters as per BIS
and IMD guidelines to generate the site-specific data. The generated data was then
compared with the meteorological data obtained from IMD Chandrapur.

The automatic meteorological data recording instrument was installed at the project
site to record wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and temperature. Rainfall
was monitored by rain gauge.

Hourly average, maximum, and minimum values of wind speed, direction, relative
humidity, rainfall, and temperature were recorded continuously at this station for
summer season i.e. during March to May 2019. The meteorological data recorded at the
project site is summarised in Table 3.3 and the summary of wind pattern during the
monitoring period is given in Table 3.4 whereas the wind rose diagram for the study
period is presented in Figure 3.1.

TABLE - 3.3: SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE

Period Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%)
Min Max Min. Max
March 2019 19.2 35.4 28.0 52.0
April 2019 24.7 42.2 18.0 45.0
May 2019 25.9 46.5 16.0 38.0

TABLE 3.4: WIND DIRECTION AND WIND SPEED

Predominant Wind Direction Frequency %
SE 13.6
Frequency of calm winds: 10.73 %
Average wind speed: 2.28 m/s

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 41

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

FIGURE 3.1: SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (Summer 2019)

3.2.2 Baseline Ambient Air Quality

The status of ambient air quality within the study area was monitored for summer
season during March - May 2019 at 8 locations including the proposed coal washery
area and in nearby villages. The details of monitoring locations are given in Table 3.5
and the locations are shown in Study area map in Figure 3.2. The regional
climatologically data (Source: IMD Chandrapur), was used as a guideline to know the
predominant wind direction during study period. The locations were identified keeping
in view predominant wind directions prevailing during study period, sensitive
receptors, human settlements and industrial activities in the study area.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 42

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 3.5: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Station Locations Distance (Km) Direction w.r.t.
Code & Direction windrose
1 A1 Project site - Core zone
2 A2 Chichala village 5.5km - SE UW
3 A3 Goraja village 4.0 km - NW DW
4 A4 Sonegaon village 3.5 km - S CW
5 A5 Tadali village 3.0 km - NE CW
6 A6 Marodia village 8.0 km - N CW
7 A7 Ghuggus village 8.0 km - SSW CW
8 A8 Sakharwahi village 2.0 km - NW DW
UW: Upwind, DW: Downwind, CW: Cross-wind

The levels of Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Fine Particulates (PM2.5), Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) were monitored for establishing the
baseline status. PM10 were sampled with the help of Respirable Dust Samplers on filter
papers and SO2 & NOx were absorbed in the respective absorption media in the
Impingers attached to RD samplers and analysed spectro-photometrically. PM2.5 was
monitored with the help of Fine Particulate Samplers. The minimum, maximum, average
and 98th percentile values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the
AAQ monitoring stations and the results are summarized in Table 3.6 and the detailed
results are given in Annexure II.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 43

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India)
Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS
79°05' 79°10' 79°15' PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES

FIGURE 3.2: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 44

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 3.6: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Station Location Description PM10, PM2.5, SO2 NOx
code (μg/m )3 (μg/m )3 (μg/m )3 (μg/m3)
Minimum 44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6
Maximum 65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3
A1 Project Site
Average 53.4 28.2 17.1 28.8
98 %tile
th
64.4 32.0 22.8 37.3
Minimum 41.3 22.6 8.9 17.0
Chichala Maximum 56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7
A2
village Average 46.4 25.0 11.9 21.0
98th %tile 53.6 30.9 18.4 32.5
Minimum 39.9 22.8 11.2 16.3
Goraja Maximum 51.3 31.8 21.8 32.7
A3
village Average 44.8 25.3 14.6 23.7
98th %tile 51.1 30.9 20.1 32.5
Minimum 43.4 20.5 14.2 14.6
Sonegaon Maximum 55.2 34.7 21.5 36.9
A4
village Average 48.8 28.2 16.9 29.3
98th %tile 53.8 33.3 21.0 36.7
Minimum 44.3 23.2 12.5 18.4
Tadali Maximum 58.1 31.1 20.5 34.7
A5
village Average 50.0 26.6 15.2 28.0
98th %tile 55.7 30.9 20.5 33.7
Minimum 44.3 20.6 11.4 18.4
Marodia Maximum 57.4 33.6 20.9 32.7
A6
village Average 50.5 24.5 14.1 23.0
98th %tile 56.9 31.0 19.4 32.5
Minimum 45.1 21.6 11.2 19.3
Ghuggus Maximum 63.7 35.8 22.3 35.1
A7
village Average 52.9 29.3 17.6 29.9
98th %tile 63.1 34.7 22.2 34.7
Minimum 40.4 25.9 10.3 16.3
Sakharwahi Maximum 50.7 32.6 16.3 28.2
A8
village Average 45.5 29.1 13.2 21.1
98th %tile 50.0 32.1 16.2 27.8
NAAQ Standard 100 (24 hrs) 60 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs)

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 45

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Observations of Primary Data:

PM10 concentration in the study area varied from 39.9 to 65.2 μg/m3, whereas
concentration of PM2.5 in the study area varied from 20.5 to 35.8 μg/m3 during the study
period. SO2 concentration in the study area varied from 8.9 to 23.2 μg/m3 and NOx
concentration in the study area varied from 14.6 to 38.3 μg/m3 during the study period.

From the above results, it is observed that the ambient air quality with respect to PM10,
PM2.5, SO2 and NOx at all the monitoring locations was within the permissible limits as
specified in National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

3.3.1 Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at the 8 monitoring locations. One
location was selected within the project site and remaining 7 locations were selected
within the surrounding villages located within 5 km radius from the proposed project
site. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table 3.7 and are shown in
Figure 3.3. The noise level monitoring results are given in Table 3.8. Detailed noise
level monitoring results are given in Annexure III.

TABLE 3.7: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Station Locations Distance (Km) Direction w.r.t.
Code & Direction windrose
1 N1 Project site - Core zone
2 N2 Tadali village 3.0 km - NE CW
3 N3 Sakharwahi village 2.0 km - NW DW
4 N4 Chargaon village 5.0 km - NE CW
5 N5 Morwa village 3.5 km - E CW
6 N6 Yerur village 2.0 km - SE UW
7 N7 Mursa village 3.0 km - SW CW
8 N8 Sonegaon village 3.5 km - S UW

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 46

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

79°05' 79°10' 79°15'

Chiprdia N
Bhadrawati
Nimbala Chalbardi
BHANDAK R F
20°05' Marodia Ghot Nimbhala 20°05'
Nunhara Kacharala
5' 5'
CE

la
NT
RA Lomirs

Na
Open scrub

LR
AIL
WA Awandha 3r

iya
79° 10'
Y
Chiradevi Ma
in
Lin Ghodpeth

nt
e
Dhorwasa Kudrara Tirwanja

Ka
Goraja Saiwan Chak
Tirwanja INDEX
Pimpalgaon N-4
kochi Tadali N-2 Chota Nagpur Khairgaon
7r
RIVER / NALA
2r

Ukni Pimpri Sakharwahi CEN Chargaon

TRA
Lahan Vichoda
STREAMS

tN
LR
W AIL

ha
AY WA
AR Dhonad Vichoda IL W
YM ROAD

ag
ain
N-3 A

ot
DH PROJECT SITE Line LR
Ambhora

M
A
TR HABITATION
A CE
N SITE Morwa 20
0

20°00' R N-5 Padoli 20°00'

Tara 5'
Mursa N-1 Ghugusbhata Neri PROJECT SITE
Niljai Belsani Yerur N-6 Yashwant GRID
N-7 Nagar

Er
Wandhari Wadgaon

ai
Khutala POND

R
Belora Sonegaon Chichala Kosara RAILWAY LINE

Sa
Mahtardevi N-8 Datala
ra
NOISE MONITORING STATION
Chandur
Shengaon iN
Nagala
al Devala
Mahakurla a
Sidur
Ghugus Pandharkawada SCALE 1: 50,000
Vendali TOPOSHEET NO.
55 P/4,56 M/1,55 P/8,56 M/5
19°55' 19°55'
Usgaon Dhanora VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.
Pipri Tadali, Gram: Sakharwhai,Dist-Chandrapur
NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
79°05' 79°10' 79°15' PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES

FIGURE 3.3: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 47

Draft EIA/EMP for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal washery at Village Tadali, Tehsil & District
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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 3.8: SUMMARY OF AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL MONITORING RESULTS

Station Location Range [LEQ IN dB(A)] Ld, Ln,
Code Minimum Maximum dB(A) dB(A)
N1 Project site 41.6 51.9 46.18 44.2
N2 Tadali village 41.0 48.5 44.52 43.67
N3 Sakharwahi village 41.2 48.7 44.72 43.87
N4 Chargaon village 40.8 50.6 46.96 41.97
N5 Morwa village 43.4 50.9 46.92 46.07
N6 Yerur village 41.6 49.1 45.12 44.27
N7 Mursa village 39.6 49.4 45.76 40.97
N8 Sonegaon village 42.3 49.8 45.82 44.97

Observations:
From the above table, it is observed that the ambient noise levels at all the monitoring
locations were well within the permissible limits of 55dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A)
for night time.

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

3.4.1 Topography & Drainage Pattern

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has owned 27 Ha of private land for
construction and operation of private railway siding in Tadali village, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The coal washery project is proposed adjacent to the existing
railway siding of the company in the own private land. 7.5 Ha area is demarcated for
establishment of coal washery. MIDC Tadali industrial area is located adjacent to the
proposed coal washery site. Few industries are already operating in the vicinity of the
proposed project site. Opencast coal mines of WCL are also operating in southern part
of the study area.

The proposed project site is almost flat area with elevation ranging from 211 to 213 m
MSL.There is no habitation in or adjacent to the project site. Nearest village habitation
Sakharwahi village is located at 1.8 km NW of the project site. Chennai Delhi Railway
Line passes at a distance of 2.8 km NE from the project site. Chandrapur – Nagpur State
Highway (SH 264) passes at a distance of 2.5 km NE from the project site. There is no
perennial or seasonal surface water body in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery
area. The surface run-off during monsoon joins nearby seasonal streams. There is no
Reserved Forest, Protected Forest, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary or Biosphere
reserve located within the 10 km radius study area of the project.

The study area around the project site is almost flat with elevation varying from 180 m
to 217 m MSL. The general slope of the area is towards south and east. There is no
hillock in the study area. Chandrapur city urban area begins at about 12 km from the

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

project site. Wardha river, Erai River and Sarai nala forms the major drainage of the
study area. Erai river (9.30 km E) flows from North to south and joins Wardha river(6.0
km W) at about 20 km SE of the project area. Tadali lake (4.0 km NE) is another major
surface water body in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW) and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km
NE) are seasonal surface water bodies in the study area. Apart from these, there are
some seasonal streams flowing in the study area. Also, there are a number of village
ponds in the study area of the project. The topography and drainage pattern of the study
area is shown in Figure 3.4.

3.4.2 Rainfall
The Chandrapur District receives low to medium rainfall. The rainfall is typically very
late, however very heavy when it starts, receiving mainly from the south-west monsoon
which usually sets in the third/ fourth week of June and spread over a period from mid-
June to mid-September with heaviest shower in the month of July and August. The
average rainfall in the District is around 1250 mm. The past five years monthly rainfall
data collected from IMD is presented in Table 3.9.

TABLE 3.9: MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA – CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT

YEAR 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
January 7.8 4 0 35.5 0.3
February 0 25.7 5.7 2.2 1.7
March 0 1.1 61.3 59.8 41.3
April 2.3 4.6 1.1 26.8 17.6
May 0 1.9 9.7 34.2 24.5
June 102.8 425.4 69.4 331.6 229.2
July 444.3 785.7 309 154.7 624.9
August 455.2 344.4 178.3 294 145.7
September 253.2 113.8 277 246.1 375.5
October 54.3 197.7 12 6.8 96.7
November 18.4 0 1 0 0
December 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1338.3 1904.3 924.5 1191.7 1557.4
Source: CRIS, Hydromet Division-IMD website
Most of the rainfall, about 80% of the annual value, occurs during monsoon months of
June to September. July is the rainiest month followed by August. In September,
depressions from Bay of Bengal occasionally reach Maharashtra and affect the weather
of Chandrapur District also. This phenomenon may cause heavy rains. With the
withdrawal of monsoon in September, the intensity of rainfall rapidly decreases. The
decrease continues till November, which is practically rainless month.

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 49

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

79°05' 79°10' 79°15'

Chiprdia N
Bhadrawati
Nimbala Chalbardi
BHANDAK R F
20°05' Marodia Ghot Nimbhala 20°05'
Nunhara Kacharala
5' 5'
CE

a
NT
Lomirs

l
RA

Na
Open scrub

L RA
IL WA Awandha 3r

iya
79° 10'
Y
Chiradevi Ma
in
Lin Ghodpeth

nt
e
Dhorwasa Kudrara Tirwanja

Ka
Goraja Saiwan Chak
Tirwanja
Pimpalgaon Tadali 7r

kochi Chota Nagpur Khairgaon 2r

INDEX
Ukni Pimpri Sakharwahi CEN
T
Chargaon
RAL Lahan

N
R Vichoda RIVER / NALA
W AILW

at
AY AY
Dhonad

gh
AR I LW Vichoda Main

a
RA STREAMS

ot
DH L PROJECT SITE Line
Ambhora

M
RA
A NT SITE Morwa 200

ROAD
CE
20°00' R Padoli 20°00'
Tara 5'
Mursa Ghugusbhata Neri HABITATION
Niljai Yerur
Yrur
Yashwant
Belsani Nagar

Er
PROJECT SITE
Wandhari Wadgaon

ai
Khutala

R
Belora Sonegaon Chichala Kosara
GRID

POND
Sa

Mahtardevi Datala
ra

Chandur Nagala RAILWAY LINE

Shengaon
Na
la

Mahakurla Devala
Sidur
Ghugus Pandharkawada SCALE 1: 50,000
Vendali TOPOSHEET NO.
55 P/4,56 M/1,55 P/8,56 M/5
19°55' 19°55'
Usgaon Dhanora VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.
Pipri Tadali, Gram: Sakharwhai,Dist-Chandrapur
10 KM. STUDY AREA
79°05' 79°10' 79°15' PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES

FIGURE 3.4.: MAP SHOWING TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE OF STUDY AREA

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.4.3 Hydrogeology

The major water bearing formations in the district are Alluvium, Lower Gondwana
Sandstones, Deccan Trap Basalt, Vindhyan Limestone and Archean metamorphics.
Amongst these, the lower Gondwana Sandstones, particularly Kamthi Sandstone forms
the most potential aquifer. A map depicting the hydrogeological features is shown in
Figure-3.5.

FIGURE 3.5: HYDRO-GEOLOGICAL MAP OF CHANDRAPUR DISTRICT

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Hard Rock Formations:

Archean Metamorphics: Archeans, which comprise granite and granitic gneiss, occur in
most of the eastern part of the district extending north-south from Nagbhid to
Gondpipri. These rocks are generally devoid of primary porosity, but weathering,
jointing, fracturing, shearing etc., create secondary porosity, within which the ground
water generally occurs in phreatic conditions. The depth of weathering ranges from 4 to
12 m bgl and dugwells are generally tapping this zone with yields of up to 30 m3/day.
Contrarary to the general perception, the possibility of deep seated fracture zone exists
in the area because of tectonic disturbances manifested in the form of dykes observed in
the area. Therefore borewells in the depth range of 40-70 m bgl are also successful in
this formation at suitable places with yield of 1000 to 35000 lph. High yielding dugwells
are generally located in fractured granites.

Vindhyan Limestone: In Vindhyans, Limestones are water bearing formation while

Sandstone due to their hard and compact nature, has poor ground water potential. The
Vindhyan sedimentares mainly occur in north central part of the district around Tadoba
and Nagbhid in parts of Chimur, Sindewahi, Bhadravati and Nagbhid talukas and in
south eastern part of the district in parts of Chandur and Rajura talukas. Limestones as
such are massive but wherever they are cavernous and fractured they are capable of
holding water and the ground water generally occurs under phreatic condition in these
formations and the discharge in general is poor (up to 15 m3/day). The borewells
drilled by State Govt. agencies in the depth range of 30 to 40 m bgl are successful only at
few places where discharge of 10000 lph or above has been observed.

Deccan Trap Basalt: Deccan Trap Basalt is observed in small area in the north eastern
and south eastern peripheral parts of the district and does not form a promising aquifer
in the district. Weathered, jointed and fractured Massive and Vesicular Basalt forms the
aquifer in the area. Ground water occurs in phreatic conditions within the depth of 10-
15 m, however, borewells drilled have shown presence of fracture zones and thus
forming deeper confined and semi-confined aquifers at places. The dugwells yield varies
from 15-30 m3/day when favourably located, whereas borewells yield 1 to 3 lps.

Soft Rock Formations

Gondwana Sandstone : Gondwana formation comprising of Kamthi and Barakar

Sandstone and Maleri and Talchir Shale occupy north-south extending elongated stretch
in cental and southern parts of the district in parts of Warora, Bhadravati, Chandrapur,
Ballarpur, Rajura and Gondpipri talukas. Sandstone is usually friable and possesses
primary porosity due to its granular nature. They are most productive water bearing
formations in the district. The ground water occurs under phreatic as well as confined
conditions in Kamthi Sandstone up to the depth of 80 to 120 m bgl with thickness

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

varying from 34 to 102 m. Barakar Sandstone occurs below Kamthi formation and three
granular zones are observed with cumulative thickness of about 72 m within a 300 m
thick sandstone-shale sequence. Comparatively Kamthi Sandstone has more ground
water potential with yields of up to 20 lps. The other Gondwana formations i.e., Maleri
Series (upper Gondwana) and Talchirs (lower Gondwana) have very poor ground water
potential and ground water occurs in phreatic condition.

Alluvium: Alluvium of fluvial origin occurs in narrow patches along the banks of
Wardha and Wainganga Rivers and consists of clay, silt with lenticular bodies of sand
and gravel. Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions down to the depth
of 10-15 m. The area in the north eastern part of the district near Brahmapuri along the
western bank of Wainganga River and having a spread of about 100 sq. km. forms the
most potential alluvial area. The Allluvium in this part is occurs down to 30-35 m and
the basement is reported to be formed by Granitic Gneisses. The dugwells yield up to 50
m3/day when favourably located, whereas shallow tubewells yield varies from 5 to 15
lps.

3.4.4 Site Specific Ground Water Table scenario

The project site is located in Chandrapur tehsil of Chandrapur District. The formation
exposed in site location comprises of sequence of Kamthi Barakar Sandstones and
Maleri – Talcher Shale which comes under Gondwana Formation. The elevation
observed at project site is about 211m to 213m. The depth to water level observed in
the area ranged from 10m to 20m bgl during Pre-monsoon and 5m to 10m bgl during
Post-monsoon season. Most of the wells have a falling trend in water level in the range
of 0 to 0.20 m (CGWB, Chandrapur Report, 2013).

The project area falls in Chandrapur Tehsil. The ground water development status of
Chandrapur Taluka is summarized in Table 3.10.

TABLE 3.10: STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND WATER IN CHANDRAPUR

TEHSIL
Assessment Unit / Block Belha
Net annual ground water availability 10070.46 Ham
Existing Gross ground water draft for irrigation 733.06 Ham
Existing Gross ground water draft for domestic and industrial Uses 431.34 Ham
Existing Gross ground water draft for all uses 1164.41 Ham
Allocation for domestic and industrial water supply for next 25 years 862.69 Ham
Net ground water availability for future irrigation development 8474.71 Ham
Stage of Ground water development 11.56%
Category Safe
Source: CGWB Report, 2013

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The entire Chandrapur district falls in ‘Safe’ category of ground water development as
stage of ground water development is 14.61% , which is much less than specified limit
of 70%.

3.4.5 Water requirement & Source

Daily water requirement for the proposed coal washery project is estimated to be 386
m3/d. It is proposed to use ground water from borewell for use in the project as there is
no surface water resources in the vicinity of the project.

3.4.6 Baseline Status of water quality

The existing status of groundwater and surface water quality was assessed by
identifying 8 ground water (Hand pump/Dug well) samples in different villages and 5
surface water samples. Details of the sampling locations and sources are given in Table
3.11 and the sampling locations are shown in study area map in Figure 3.6.

The physico-chemical & bacteriological characteristics of surface water and ground

water samples are given in the Tables 3.12 & 3.13 resp .

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

79°05' 79°10' 79°15'

Chiprdia N
Bhadrawati
Nimbala Chalbardi
BHANDAK R F
20°05' Marodia Ghot Nimbhala 20°05'
Nunhara Kacharala
5' 5'
CE

la
N TR Lomirs

Na
Open scrub
A LR
AI L
WA Awandha 3r

a
79° 10'
YM
Chiradevi Ghodpeth

iy
ain
Lin

nt
e
Dhorwasa Kudrara Tirwanja

Ka
Goraja Saiwan Chak INDEX
GW-4 SW-5 Tirwanja RIVER / NALA
Pimpalgaon Tadali 7r

kochi Chota Nagpur Khairgaon 2r

STREAMS
SW-1Pimpri Sakharwahi GW-2 CENTRChargaon
Lahan Vichoda
Ukni W

tN
AL R
AILW ROAD

ha
AY AY
AR Dhonad GW-3 LW Main
Vichoda

ag
AI

ot
DH L R PROJECT SITE Line HABITATION
Ambhora

M
RA
A E NT SITE Morwa 200

20°00' R C
GW-1 Padoli PROJECT SITE 20°00'
Tara 5'
Mursa Ghugusbhata Neri
Niljai Belsani Yerur GW-5
Yashwant SW-4 GRID
GW-6 GW-7 Nagar

Er
Wandhari Wadgaon

ai
Khutala POND
SW-2

R
Belora Sonegaon Chichala Kosara
RAILWAY LINE
Sa GW-8
Mahtardevi SW-3 ra Datala GROUND & SURFACE WTER
MONITORING STATION
Chandur
Shengaon
iN
al Nagala
Devala
a
Mahakurla
Sidur
Ghugus Pandharkawada SCALE 1: 50,000
Vendali TOPOSHEET NO.
55 P/4,56 M/1,55 P/8,56 M/5
19°55' 19°55'
Usgaon Dhanora VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE (INDIA) PVT. LTD.
Tadali, Gram: Sakharwhai,Dist-Chandrapur
Pipri GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER
MONITORING LOCATIONS
79°05' 79°10' 79°15' PREPARED BY-POLLUTION AND ECOLOGY CONTROL SERVICES

FIGURE 3.6: SURFACE AND GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 3.11: DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. Location Code Location (Source) Distance (in
no. Km) & Direction
w.r.t Project
site.
Ground Water
1 GW1 Dug Well Near Project Site --
2 GW2 Hand Pump in Tadali Village 3.0 km NE
3 GW3 Hand Pump in Sakharwahi Village 2.0 km NW
4 GW4 Hand Pump in Chargaon Village 5.0 km NE
5 GW5 Hand Pump in Morwa Village 3.5 km E
6 GW6 Hand Pump in Yerur village 2.0 km SE
7 GW7 Hand pump in Mursa village 3.0 km SW
8 GW8 Hand pump in Sonegaon village 3.5 km S
Surface Water
1 SW1 Wardha River Near Ukni Village 5.0 km NW
(Upstream)
2 SW2 Wardha River Near Belsani Village 6.0 km SW
(Downtream)
3 SW3 Sarai Nala Near Sonegaon Village/6 3.5 km SE
4 SW4 Erai River Near Padoli Village 7.5 km ESE
5 SW5 Kantiya Nala Near Saiwan Village 5.0 km NE

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CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

TABLE 3.12: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER

Wardha Wardha Sarai Nala Erai River Kantiya
As per IS 10500 : 2012 River River Nala
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Upstream downstream
No
Acceptable *Permissible SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5
Limit Limit
1. Ambient Temperature °C - - 27.8 27.9 28.2 27.6 27.4
2. Colour Hazen 5 25 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
3. Odour - UO UO AG AG AG AG AG
4. Taste - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG
5. Turbidity NTU 5 10 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5
6. pH at 25 °C – 6.5-8.5 NR 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.2
7. Electrical Conductivity μS/cm - - 519 487 494 368 472
8. Total Solids mg / l - - 344 270 562 208 317
9. Total Dissolved Solids mg / l 500 2000 345 281 462 193 321
10. Total Suspended Solids mg / l - - 6 7 5 7 6
11. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg / l 200 600 164 142 229 105 116
12. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg / l 300 600 175 183 269 97 143
Calcium Hardness as
13. mg / l - - 98 92 154 68 115
CaCO3
14. Calcium as Ca++ mg / l 75 200 60.9 41.2 56.4 44.3 39.8
15. Magnesium as Mg++ mg / l 30 100 19.7 16.5 21.3 9.8 11.2
16. Sodium as Na mg /l - - 7.9 13.5 32.4 10.6 12.5
17. Potassium as K mg /l - - 3.1 2.8 5.4 4.2 5.7
18. Chlorides as Cl mg / l 250 1000 33.2 21.6 42.7 11.8 32.6

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Wardha Wardha Sarai Nala Erai River Kantiya

As per IS 10500 : 2012 River River Nala
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Upstream downstream
No
Acceptable *Permissible SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5
Limit Limit
19. Sulphates as SO4 mg / l 200 400 34.5 56 74.5 34 88.7
20. Nitrates as NO3 mg / l 45 NR 1.9 4.3 5.9 1.3 1.6
21. Fluoride as F mg / l 1 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3
22. Dissolved Oxygen mg / l - - 6.1 4.9 5.2 4.6 4.2
Amonical Nitrogen as NH3-
23. mg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
N
24. Nitrite Nitrogen as NO2-N mg / l - - 0.04 BDL BDL BDL 0.01
25. H 2S mg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
26. Total Phosphate as PO4-P mg / l - - 1.34 1.24 0.99 0.06 0.87
27. Cyanide as CN mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
28. Phenolic Compounds mg / l 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
29 Total Oil & Grease mg / l 0.01 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
30 B O D 3 days 27 °C mg / l - - 3.2 4.6 3.4 4.8 5.6
31 COD mg / l - - Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
32 Pesticides mg / l Absent 0.001 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent
Poly Nuclear Hydrocarbon mg / l
33 - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
(PAH)
34 Aluminium as Al mg / l 0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
35 Arsenic as As mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
36 Boron as B mg / l 1 5 0.21 0.14 0.06 0.11 0.07
37 Cadmium as Cd mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

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Wardha Wardha Sarai Nala Erai River Kantiya

As per IS 10500 : 2012 River River Nala
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Upstream downstream
No
Acceptable *Permissible SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 SW-4 SW-5
Limit Limit
38 Chromium as Cr6+ mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
39 Copper as Cu mg / l 0.05 1.5 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.01
40 Iron as Fe mg / l 0.3 1 0.29 0.33 0.19 0.14 0.32
41 Lead as Pb mg / l 0.05 NR 0.02 0.03 BDL BDL BDL
42 Manganese as Mn mg / l 0.1 0.3 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.07
43 Mercury as Hg mg / l 0.001 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
44 Selenium as Se mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
45 Zinc as Zn mg / l 5 15 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.32 0.05
46 Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.02 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
MPN/
47 Coliform - - 18 75 11 82 96
100 ml
Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under
(NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unit
mg/l) NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable

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TABLE 3.13: ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR GROUND WATER QUALITY

Project Tadali Sakhar Chargaon Morwa Yerur Mursa Sonegaon
As per IS 10500 : 2012
site wahi
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Accept- GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8
No *Permissible
able
Limit
Limit
Ambient
1. °C - - 25.4 25.5 25.2 25.3 25.2 25.1 25.3 25.7
Temperature
2. Colour Hazen 5 25 CL CL CL CL CL CL CL CL
3. Odour - UO UO AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG
4. Taste - AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG AG
5. Turbidity NTU 5 10 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
6. pH at 25 °C – 6.5-8.5 NR 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.2
Electrical
7. μS/cm - - 721 828 746 723 834 998 956 875
Conductivity
Total Dissolved
8. mg / l 500 2000 498 579 502 426 532 689 643 517
Solids
Total Suspended mg / l
9. - - <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2
Solids
Total Alkalinity as mg / l
10. 200 600 245 273 298 302 257 267 284 237
CaCO3
Total Hardness as
11. mg / l 300 600 297 312 247 234 321 327 418 297
CaCO3
Calcium Hardness as
12. mg / l - - 214 232 198 193 237 281 312 220
CaCO3
13. Calcium as Ca++ mg / l 75 200 80.2 95.6 85.1 89.2 72.8 71.4 99.2 88

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Project Tadali Sakhar Chargaon Morwa Yerur Mursa Sonegaon

As per IS 10500 : 2012
site wahi
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Accept- GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8
No *Permissible
able
Limit
Limit
14. Magnesium as Mg++ mg / l 30 100 16.9 39.8 14.6 27.9 23.2 21 52.4 25.8
15. Sodium as Na mg /l - - 32.1 29.4 45.4 39.7 46.1 56.3 41.3 50.2
16. Potassium as K mg /l - - 3 0.7 12.3 5.8 6.1 4 0.9 12.7
17. Chlorides as Cl mg / l 250 1000 36.1 49.3 34.3 49.7 78.2 102.3 56.4 82.2
18. Sulphates as SO4 mg / l 200 400 68.1 108.4 51.6 62.3 59.8 51.9 121.2 72.1
19. Nitrates as NO3 mg / l 45 NR 1.32 0.38 1.34 1.27 0.37 0.32 0.39 1.36
20. Fluoride as F mg / l 1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2
21. Dissolved Oxygen mg / l - - - - - - - - - -
Amonical Nitrogen as
22. mg / l - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
NH3-N
Nitrite Nitrogen as
23. mg / l - - 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.09
NO2-N
Total Phosphate as
24. mg / l - - 1.2 1.25 0.63 0.97 1.36 1.52 0.54 1.76
PO4-P
25. Cyanide as CN mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Phenolic
26. mg / l 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Compounds
27. Total Oil & Grease mg / l 0.01 0.03 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
28. B O D 3 days 27 °C mg / l - - - - - - - - - -
29. COD mg / l - - - - - - - - - -
30. Pesticides mg / l Absent 0.001 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

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Project Tadali Sakhar Chargaon Morwa Yerur Mursa Sonegaon

As per IS 10500 : 2012
site wahi
Sr.
Test Parameter Unit Accept- GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8
No *Permissible
able
Limit
Limit
Poly Nuclear mg / l
31. - - BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Hydrocarbon (PAH)
32. Aluminium as Al mg / l 0.03 0.2 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
33. Arsenic as As mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
34. Boron as B mg / l 1 5 0.34 0.42 0.36 0.5 0.23 0.21 0.47 0.23
35. Cadmium as Cd mg / l 0.01 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
36. Chromium as Cr6+ mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
37. Copper as Cu mg / l 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL 0.01 0.01 BDL 0.04 BDL 0.02
38. Iron as Fe mg / l 0.3 1 0.18 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.3 0.17 0.3
39. Lead as Pb mg / l 0.05 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
40. Manganese as Mn mg / l 0.1 0.3 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.05
41. Mercury as Hg mg / l 0.001 NR BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
42. Selenium as Se mg / l 0.01 NR - - - - - - - -
43. Zinc as Zn mg / l 5 15 0.32 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.36 0.11 0.02 0.57
MPN/
44. Coliform - - - - - - - - - -
100 ml

Note:- BDL is Below Detectable Limit ; Minimum Detectable Limit For parameters tested are as Under
(NO2-0.1,PO4-0.05,Oil & Grease-5,BOD-1,COD-5,Al-0.02,AS-0.02,B-0.01,Cd-0.01,Cr+6-0.05,Cu-0.03,Fe-0.05,Pb-0.05, Mn-0.02,Hg-0.001,Zn-0.01, Se =0.005 ) (Unit
mg/l) NTU - nephalometery turbitity unit;; NR - no relaxation; MPN - most probable number UO - unobjectionable: AG - agreeable; NA- not applicable

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3.4.7 Result Discussion

Surface Water Quality
The results of the surface water samples analysed are presented in Table 3.12 and are
compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the surface water samples collected
was 7.2 to 7.4 and within the acceptable limit of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solids
were found in the range of 193 - 462 mg/l and are within the acceptable limit at all
locations. The total hardness varied between 97 - 269 mg/l and is observed to be within
acceptable limit at all locations. In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.14 -
0.33 mg/l, Nitrate in between 1.3 – 5.9 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.3 mg/l,
chloride 11.8 – 42.7 mg/l, Sulphate 34.0 – 88.7 mg/l, alkalinity 105 – 229 mg/l, calcium
39.8 – 60.9 mg/l and magnesium in between 9.8 – 21.3 mg/l in all samples. Coliform
organisms are observed to be in the range of 11 to 96 MPN/100 ml. It was observed
from the analysis that, the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water
samples are within permissible limits for all the parameters except for colofirm
organisms. Coliform organisms are observed in all the samples. Thus, the water from all
these can be used for drinking & domestic use after proper primary treatment and
disinfection.

Groundwater Quality
The physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater are presented in Table-3.13 and
are compared with the IS-10500 standards. The pH of the water samples collected
ranged from 7.1 to 7.5 and within the acceptable limit of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved
solids were found in the range of 426 - 689 mg/l and is exceeding the acceptable limit at
6 locations. The total hardness varied between 234 - 418 mg/l and is observed to
exceed acceptable limit at all locations but are within permissible limits at all
locations..

In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.1 - 0.3 mg/l, Nitrate in between 0.32 –
1.36 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.4 mg/l, chloride 34.3 – 102.3 mg/l, Sulphate
51.6 – 121.2 mg/l, alkalinity 237 – 302 mg/l, calcium 71.4 – 99.2 mg/l and magnesium
in between 14.6 – 52.4 mg/l. The overall ground water quality was found to be good
with slightly higher hardness. The levels of heavy metals content were found to be
within permissible limits. Thus, the ground water is required can be used for drinking
and domestic use after necessary primary treatment, softening and disinfection.

3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.5.1 Land Environment using Remote Sensing Application

Remote sensing application is very useful in providing reliable information on various
natural resources at different levels of spatial details. It is very effective for mapping
and periodic monitoring of natural resources including environment. With the
availability of high resolution remote sensing data, the use of remote sensing
applications have been increased, techniques of data processing have been improved
and computer based image processing systems have become more effective.

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The application helps in understanding the various land use patterns in a target area
based on the different purposes for which the land being used or being covered by
subjects such as forests / vegetation, waterbodies, agriculture, habitation, roads,
railways, etc.

3.5.2 Land Use/Land Cover Classification- Interpretation

Satellite imagery for the 10 km radius study area of the project was obtained and
studied for identifying the different land use land cover patterns. Survey of India
toposheets were also used to corelate with the satellite imagery. Based on the standard
land use land cover classification, area covered in different categories was calculated.
The satellite imagery of the 10 km radius study area is given in Figure 3.7 and
corresponding land use land cover pattern of the study area is shown in Figure 3.8. The
Land use pattern of the study area based on satellite imagery is given in Table 3.14.

From the satellite imagery for the study area, it is observed that agriculture is the most
predominant land use of the study area. Apart from Agriculture, surface water bodies,
industries & Mines and habitation forms other major land uses in the 10 km radius
study area.

TABLE 3.14: SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED LAND USE PATTERN OF STUDY AREA
LULC Class Area (Sq. Km.) %
Cropland 215.21 65.63
Deciduous 0.39 0.12
Fallow land 7.46 2.28
Mining 16.47 5.02
Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 6.83 2.08
River/ Stream/ Canals 5.71 1.74
Rural 4.72 1.44
Scrub Forest 5.51 1.68
Scrub land 53.46 16.30
Urban 12.15 3.71
Total 327.91 100.00

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FIGURE 3.7: SATELLITE IMAGERY OF THE 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA

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FIGURE 3.8: SATELLITE IMAGERY BASED LAND USE LAND COVER MAP OF 10 KM RADIUS STUDY AREA

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3.5.3 Soil Characteristics

Soil differs from the parent material in the morphological, physical, chemical and
biological properties. Also, soils differ among themselves in some or all the properties,
depending on the differences in the genetic and environmental factors. For studying soil
profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil
conditions in and around the project site representing various land use conditions. The
physical, chemical properties and heavy metals concentrations were determined. The
samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm in
3 sections of 30 cms each. Total 3 samples within the study area were collected and
analyzed. The details of the soil sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and the
sampling locations are shown in Figure 3.9.

TABLE 3.15: DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. Location Location (Source) Distance (in Km) &
no. Code Direction w.r.t Project
site.
1 S1 Project site (waste land) --
2 S2 Tadali Village (Agriculture Land) 2.5 km NE
3 S3 Mursa Village (Agriculture Land) 4.5 km W

The collected soil samples were analysed in the laboratory for physico-chemical and
nutrition parameters and the results are given in Table 3.16.

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FIGURE 3.9: STUDY AREA MAP SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

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TABLE 3.16: SOIL QUALITY ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr. Parameters Unit Project Site (S1) Tadali Vill. (S2) Mursa Vill. (S3)
No. 00.0 - 30.0 - 60.0 - 00.0 - 30.0 - 60.0 - 00.0 - 30.0 - 60.0 -
30.0 60.0 90.0 30.0 60.0 90.0 30.0 60.0 90.0
cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
1 Color -- Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray
Silt Silt Silt Silt Silt Silt Silt Silt Silt
2 Soil Texture --
loam loam loam loam loam loam loam loam loam
Grain Size
3 Distribution Gravel 3 4 4 2 3 2 3 2 2
%
Sand 29 32 34 19 16 15 20 22 19
Silt 63 58 56 54 55 57 52 50 54
Clay 5 6 6 25 26 26 25 26 25
Moisture
4 % 12 14 15 13 15 18 14 16 18
Content
5 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.43 1.46 1.47 1.45 1.47 1.51 1.46 1.48 1.51
6 Liquid Limit % NL NL NL 48 50 50 48 47 47
7 Plastic Limit % NP NP NP 23 23 24 23 23 23
8 Porosity % 47.2 44.7 46.9 48.3 41.1 38.9 53.1 58.3 54.2
Water
9 Retention % 44.1 41.5 49.1 51.8 45.4 43.9 48.5 46.7 44.4
Capacity
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 pH - 6.8 7 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.3
Electrical mmhos/
2 0.486 0.521 0.619 0.212 0.196 0.218 0.199 0.22 0.218
Conductivity cm
Organic %
3 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.39 0.3 0.34 0.44 0.34 0.39
Matter
Calcium as mg/kg
4 116.8 115.2 108.8 99.2 91.2 102.4 115.2 100.8 102.4
Ca++
Magnesium mg/kg
5 70.1 73 80.6 58.6 66.2 59.5 48 52.8 57.6
as Mg++
Chlorides as mg/kg
6 71.5 75.5 73.5 23.8 17.9 15.9 13.9 15.9 11.9
Cl
Sulphates as mg/kg
7 436 472 456 424 396 392 112 336 384
SO4
Total kg/ha
8 Nitrogen as 40 20 20 160 120 140 180 140 160
N
Total kg/ha
9 Phosphorous 37.7 40 44.6 68.5 60 46.2 45.4 35.4 24.6
as P
Total kg/ha
10 Potassium as 1162.3 969.2 919.4 514.2 486.7 432.5 394.6 378.2 391.2
K

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Observations:
• pH of the soil samples varied from 6.8 to 7.7 indicating normal soils
• Texture of the soil was observed as silt loam.
• Bulk density of the soil samples varied from 1.43 to 1.51g/cc
• Organic matter in the soil samples varied from 0.05 to 0.44 %
• Total Nitrogen in the soil samples varied from 20 to 180 kg/Ha
• Total Phosphorus in the soil samples varied from 24.6 to 68.5 kg/Ha
• Total potassium in the soil samples varied from 378.2 to 1162.3 mg/kg

From the analysis results of the soil samples, it was observed that the soil was low to
medium fertile and having low productivity. The soil in the study area needs additional
fertilizers for improving the fertility status and increase in crop productivity. Overall the
soil quality in the area was found to poor to medium fertile with moderate productivity.

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 Methodology adopted

For assessing the present status of flora and fauna rapid surveys were conducted in the
10 km radius of the project site during summer 2019. For the assessment of the flora,
quadrate method was used, also forest working plan was consulted. For fauna visual
observation, discussion with forest officials, local people, fishermen and academician
were carried out. In the 10 km radius area of the project includes water bodies like
Wardha river and Erai river. These water bodies irrigate various crops and also support
fish, fauna, also amphibians and other animals of this area. The primary surveys were
conducted during winter months and data gathering from secondary sources were
continued afterwards. The detailed report on biological survey including flora, fauna is
discussed in following paragraphs.

3.6.2 Forests

The project site is located adjacent to private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd. and MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Forest area in the study area includes
Morwa Reserved Forest (1.4 km E) and Bhandak Reserved Forest (9.1 km NE). Tadoba-
Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive zone is located at approx. 15 km NE of the project
site. There is no other forest area, National Park, Wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere
reserve within the 10 km radius study area of the project.

3.6.3 Flora

Flora (Plant Species): The forest mainly comprises of moist deciduous mix forests. Some
of the common trees present in this area are Mango, Arjun, Bel, Bija, Jamun, Ain, Behada,
Shishamtendu, Hirda, Haldu, Kuda, Kusum, Bamboo, Kadam and many others. The main

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species of grasses includes Gawat, Mussam, Khus, Kusal and Chirkhus. Shrub species
like Kuda, Tarota, Kudgudi, Tarwad, Gokhru & Neel are also present extensively. Gond
and Madia tribes are the main tribes that reside in the jungles. They still completely
depend upon the forest for living & fulfill their need for food, timber, grass and wood.
Madia and Gondi are their languages. The list of flora species observed in the study area
is given in Table 3.17.

TABLE 3.17: LIST OF FLORA

S.No. Common name Botanical name Family
TREE SPECIES
1 Babool Acacia arabica Mimosaceae
2 Khair Acacia catechu Mimosaceae
3 Haldu Adina cordifolia Naucleaceae
4 Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae
5 Siris Albizzia lebbeck Mimosaceae
6 Dhaura Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae
7 Sitaphal Anona squamosa Annonaceae
8 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
9 Amta Bauhinia malabarica Caesalpiniaceae
10 Kachnar Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpiniaceae
11 Apta Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpiniaceae
12 Charoli Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae
13 Palas Butea monosperma Papilionaceae
14 Amaltas Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae
15 Shisam Dalbergia sissoo Papilionaceae
16 Tendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae
17 Aonla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae
18 Nilgiri Eucalyptus hybrida Myrtaceae
19 Jamun Eugenia jambolana Myrtaceae
20 Kaith Feronia limonia Rutaceae
21 Bar gad Ficus benghalensis Moraceae
22 Dhumar Ficus glomerate Moraceae
23 Pakal Ficus infectoria Moraceae
24 Peepal Ficus religiosa Moraceae
25 Kharhar Gardenia turgida Rubiaceae
26 Kekad Garuga pinnata Burseraceae
27 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae
28 Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
29 Aanjan Nenysiolon umbellatum Satotaceae
30 Tad Phoenix sylvistris Aracaceae/ Palmae
31 karanji Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae
32 Amrud Psidium guajava Myrtaceae
33 Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae

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S.No. Common name Botanical name Family

34 Imli Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae
35 Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae
36 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretacea
37 Bahera Te rminalia bellirica Combretaceae
38 Harara Terminalia chebula Combretaceae
39 Sahaja Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae
40 Ber Ziziphus jujuba Rhamnaceae
SHRUBS & HERBS
1 Wild bhendi Ablemoscus esculentus Malvaceae
2 Aghada Acheranthus aspera Amaranthaceae
3 Akol Alangium salvifolium Cornaceae
4 Chireta Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae
5 Madar Calotropis gigantia Asclepiadaceae
6 Kombda Celosia argentia Amaranthaceae
7 Pivali tilval Cleom viscosa Cleomaceae
8 Mehandi Dodonia viscosa Lytharaceae
9 Chipoto Desmodium pulchellum Papilionaceae
10 Ambadi Hibiscus canabinus Malvaceae
11 Behaya Ipomoea purpurea Convolvulaceae
12 Chandrajyot Jatropa curcus Euphorbiaceae
13 Lalten Lantana camera Verbinaceae
14 Lajwanti Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae
15 Ban tulsi Ocimum basilicum Labiatae
16 Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Labiatae
17 Gajarghas Parthenium hysterophorum Asteraceae
18 Chhind Phoenix acaulis Palmae
19 Erandi Ricinus connunis Euphorbiaceae
20 Mundi Sphrantus indicus Amaranthaceae
21 Jhau Tamarix dioica Tamaricaceae
22 Diwali Tephrosia purpuria Papilionaceae
23 Chota Gokharu Tribulus terrestris Zygophylaceae
24 Kambarmodi Tridax procumbance Asteraceae
25 Bada Gokharu Xanthium stromarium Asteraceae
CLIMBER, BAMBOO, GRASSES, EPIPHYTE & PARASITE
1 Bhopla Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae
2 Kauj Millettia extensa Papilionaceae
3 Keonti Ventilago denticulata Rhamnaceae
4 Doob Cynodon dactylon
5 Solid bamboo Dendmcalamus strictus Poaceae
6 kush Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae
7 Kansh Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae
8 Gunher Themeda quadrivalvis Poaceae

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S.No. Common name Botanical name Family

9 Khus Vetiveria zizanioides Poaceae
10 Vanda Vanda Orchidaceae
11 Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa Cuscutaceae

Rare, Endemic and Endangered Flora in the Study Area

No flora species observed during the ecological studies were assigned any threat
category, by RED data book of Indian Plants. (Nayar and Sastry, 1990) and Red list of
threatened Vascular plants (IUCN, 2010; BSI, 2003). Also, there was no endemic plants
observed during the studies.

3.6.4 Fauna
A baseline survey was conducted in order to document the faunal biodiversity of the
study area with respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians and butterfly species.

Core Zone:
The core zone is located adjacent to existing railway siding and is located near the MIDC
Tadali industrial area, wherein some industries are already operating, there is no wild
animals observed within or in the vicinity of the project site. Wild fauna occassionaly
observed in the project site comprise of common small animals such as Five striped
squirrel, Field rat, Common house rat, common grey mongoose, Hanuman Langur, etc
and birds like Blue rock piegeon, House crow, Pariah kite, Myna, Koel, etc.

Buffer Zone
Chandrapur region has large areas covered with forest which form undisturbed tracts
with a very sparse population. Naturally this forest with luxurious vegetation harbors a
large variety of animals. As the tiger, Panther are common man- animal conflict is
routine. During our surveys no Panther, tiger , bear, hyaena were seen. Apart from
these following mammals may be present in 10 km radius.

From the working plan it is known that Chital, Sambhar and Nilgai cause damage to the
crop. So also wild boar uproots young seedlings and bamboo clumps. Porcupine eats
outer bark of Haldu, Moha, Bhilwa and Amaltas. Bear dig the soil near the root of the
tree in search of rodents.

As per the working plan this division is a heaven for migratory birds.The presence of big
water bodies like Erai dam, Chargao, Mohali, Junona, Naleshwar tank are main visiting
places for the winter visitors. The prominent visitors are Coots, teals, pintails, bar
headed geese, pochards, mallards, gadusal, and Shovellar are regular visitors. Sarus
cranes are also resident of Junona Lake. Besides these winter visitors there are variety
of resident birds like peafowls, Partridges, jungle fowl, quails, green pigeon, tits,
babblers, robins, bulbul, flycatchers, shriker, drongo, warblers, mynas, weaver birds,

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munias, wagtails, woodpeckers, cuckoos, owls, etc. Following birds were observed
during our visits.

The wild animals observed in buffer zone of the study area is listed in Table 3.18

TABLE 3.18: FAUNA OBSERVED IN STUDY AREA

S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as
per WPA,
1972/ Local
Status
MAMMALS
1. House shrew Suncus murinus -
2. Lesser bandicoot Bandicota bengolensis V
3. Five striped squirrel Funambulus pennanti IV
4. Fruit bat Rosettus leschenaulti V
5. Vampire bat Megaderma lyra V
6. Short nosed fruit-bat Cynopterus sphinx V
7. Hanuman langur Presbytis entellus II (I)
8. Jungle cat Felis chaus II (I)
9. Indian fox Vulpus bengalensis II (I)
10. Wild dog Cuon alpinus -
11. Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelas III
12. Wild boar Sus scrofa -
13. Spotted deer Axix axix III
14. Sambar Cervis unicolor III
15. Hare Lepus nigricolis IV
16. Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi IV
AVIFAUNA
1. Grey patridge Francolinus pondicerianus
2. Black breasted quail Couturnix coromandelicus
3. Painted sandgrouse Pterocles indicus IV
4. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia IV
5. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis IV
6. Rosering parakeet Psittacula krameri IV
7. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea IV
8. Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis IV
9. Indian barn owl Tyto alba -
10. Indian jungal nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus IV
11. Indian house swift Apus affinis -
12. Small blue kingfisher Alcido atthis IV
13. Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis IV
14. White breasted Halcyon smyrnensis IV
kingfisher
15. Small green bee-eater Merops orientalis IV
16. Indian roller Coracias benghalensis IV

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S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as

per WPA,
1972/ Local
Status
17. Hoopoe Upupa epops -
18. Coppersmith barbet Megalaima zylanica IV
19. Golden backed Dinopium benghalense IV
woodpecker
20. Indian pitta Pitta brachyura IV
21. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus IV
22. Black drongo Dicrurus adsimilis IV
23. Brahminy myna Sturnus pagodarum IV
24. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos IV
25. Indian treepie Dendrocitta vgabunda IV
26. Paradise fly catcher Tripsiphone paradisi IV
27. Tailor bird Orthotomus sutorius IV
28. Orange headed ground Zoothera citrina IV
thrush
29. Purple rumped sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica IV
30. Baya weaverbird Ploceus phillippinus IV
31. Spotted munia Lonchura punctulata IV
32. Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger IV
33. Snake bird Anhinga rufa IV
34. Open billed stork Anastomus oscitans IV
35. Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa IV
36. Brahminy duck Todorna ferruginea IV
37. Cotton teal Nettapus coromandelianus IV
38. Purple heron Ardea purpurea IV
39. Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis -
40. Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus -
41. Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata -
42. Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha -
43. Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica -
44. Pintail Duck Anas acuta Linnaeu -
45. Paddy-field Pipit Anthus rufulus -
REPTILES
1. House gecko Hemidactylus gracilis -
2. Indian house gecko Hemidactylus brooki -
3. Garden lizard Calotis versicolor -
4. Common skink Mabuya carinata -
5. Indian chameleon Chamaeleo zeylenicus II
6. Rat snake Ptyas mucosus II(o)
7. Sand boa Eryx conicus IV
8. Water snake Hydrophis sp. -
9. Common cobra Naja naja II(II)
10. Ghonas/ Russelis viper Vipera russelli II(II)

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S. No. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as

per WPA,
1972/ Local
Status
11. Manyar Bangarus calrulens II(II)
AMPHIBIANS
1. Indian Bull frog Rana tigerina Sch – IV
2. Skipper frog Rana cyanophlyctis Sch – IV
3. Toad Bufo melanostictus Sch – IV
4. Tree frog Polupedates maculatus -
5. Ornate frog Microhyla ornata -
FISHES
1. Rohu Labeo rahita C
2. Mrigal Cirrhinas mrigala C
3. Catla Catla catla C
4. Olive barb Puntius sarana C
5. Padan/Boal Wallago attu R
6. Magur Clarias batrachus C
7. Singhi Heteropneustis fossilis R
8. Banded snake head Channa striatus C
9. Spiny eel Mastcembelus armatus C
10. Gat fish Xenentodon cancila R
11. Striped dwarf catfish Mystus vittatus C
12. Chandni Chanda nama C
13. Indian butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus -

Observations:
The project site is located adjacent to MIDC Tadali Industrial area. The study area
predominantly comprise of agriculture land, fallow land and habitation area. There is no
forest land in or adjacent to the project area. Two Reserved Forests namely Morwa R.F.
and Bhandak R.F. are located within the study area. There is no ecological sensitive area
such as National parks, wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere reserve within the study area.
No schedule I fauna was observed or reported within the study area of the project.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The impact of a developmental project could be positive or negative depending upon

the activities involved in the project. An assessment of socio - economic environment
forms an integral part of the EIA/EMP study. In order to improve the quality of life of
the people affected by the coal washery activities, it is necessary to understand the
socio- economic aspects and its trends in the study area.

The project proposal is to establish a 1.5 MTPA wet coal washery adjacent to the
existing private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Tadali

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village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Socio-demographic studies are very
useful for understanding social and economic problems and identifying potential
solutions. To understand the socio-economic status and the trends of the communities
in the 10 km radius, baseline survey was conducted in the nearby villages. Primary
information on socio-economic status was collected through social survey through
public interviews and questionnairs and information collected from village panchayats,
Zilla parishads, Government hospitals, etc. The primary data collected was supported by
information collected from Census Handbook 2011.

3.7.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

Desktop research is the major methodology adopted for the study which involves
researching, compiling and analyzing the data. The villages located within the 10 km
radius study area were identified to assess demographic, infrastructure and landuse
details.

The socio-economic status of the study area was studied for the following aspects:
 Demographic details
 Employment details
 Classification of Landuse

3.7.2 Demographic pattern of the Study Area

The demographic pattern comprise mainly of population, sex and literacy status of the total
population of the area. of the study area comprises of various features of the population
across to the study area.

There are total 46 villages within the 10 km radial study area of the project. The
summary of demographic pattern of the villages within the study area is given in Table
3.19 and the village-wise details are given in Annexure IV.

TABLE 3.19: DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA

Particulars Numbers %
No. of villages 46
No. of Household 34752
Total Population 145141
Total Male 75434 51.97
Total Female 69707 48.03
Population SC 27839 19.18
Population ST 11568 7.97
Total Literate 111666 76.94
Male Literate 61000 42.03
Female Literate 50666 34.91
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra

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Sex Ratio
The sex ratio is the ratio of female to male in the population (normalize to 1000). As per
Census 2011 data, overall sex ratio in the study area was 924 female to thousand male.
The sex ratio in the study area is very poor as compared to Maharashra state ratio of
922 and National sex ratio of 933.

Literacy Rate
As per Census 2011 data, the literacy rate of study area population is observed to be 76.94%.
This is less than the Average literacy rate of Maharashtra State (82.34%), but it is slightly
more than the average literacy rate of India as 74.04%.

3.7.3 Employment Pattern in the Study Area

The identification of the current economic characteristics of the study area is also an
important part of defining the employment pattern of the study area. There are different
types of employment pattern, that may be classified as: Those persons who had worked
for at least six months or 183 days are treated as Main workers, on the other hand if
persons categorized as workers participated in any economic or productive activity for
less than six months or 183 days during the last one year are treated as Marginal
workers and Non workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the year.

Main worker employment pattern is classified in 04 types namely cultivator,

agricultural workers, household industry workers and other workers. Employment
pattern in the study area is given in Table 3.20.

TABLE 3.20: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA

Particulars Numbers %
Total population 145141
Total workers 55491 38.23
Total main workers 48641 33.51
Cultivators 5846 12.02
Agriculture Labors 8489 17.45
Household Industries 1219 2.51
Other workers 33093 68.04
Total Marginal Workers 6850 4.72
Total Non workers 89650 61.77
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra

From the above mentioned statistics of employment pattern indicates, total working
population forms 38.23% of total population. Out of the total main workers, only
29.47% workers population is involved in agriculture related occupations and only
2.51% workers population is involved in household industries. Most of the main

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workers population i.e. 68.04% workers are engaged in other occupations such as
service, business, etc.

3.7.4 Land Use Pattern

The study of land-use of the project area is an integral part of the EIA. Baseline data on
land-use was generated using information available with census data, which is
presented in details in Annexure IV. Details of landuse pattern of the study area is
given in Table 3.21.

TABLE 3.21: LAND USE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA

Land use category Area in Ha %
Forest Area 6060.55 19.76
Irrigated Area 825.44 2.69
Unirrigated Area 20127.23 65.63
Culturable Waste 1340.34 4.37
Area not available for cultivation 2312.11 7.54
Total 30665.67 100.00
Source: Census Handbook 2011, District Chandrapur, state Maharashtra

From the above table, it can be observed that 68.33% of the land in study area falls
under agriculture land, out of which, 65.63% is un-irrigated land. About 20% of the area
is forest land. Cultivable waste land covers 4.37% of the study area and area not
available for cultivation is 7.54%.

3.7.5 Major observations from Primary Socio-economic survey

 House pattern: Types of housing varied from thatched to pakka houses. About 80%
houses were in pakka form, 15% in semi pakka and 5% houses were observed in
kaccha form.

 Employment: Main occupation in the study area was jobs in industries, Government
and private enterprises, business followed by agriculture and its allied activities eg.
Cattle rearing, dairy farming etc. Agricultural activity was mainly depending on
monsoon season. The average daily wages of labors are in the range of Rs. 250-500/-
depending on type of work and skill level of the worker.

 Fuel: The primary sources of cooking fuel is LPG. In rural areas, firewood, coal etc.
burning is still observed.

 Main crops: The principal crop grown in agricultural farm was cotton & piegeon
pea. Most of the farmers irrigate their crop by groundwater from tubewell. Public
irrigation facilities are available in very few villages.

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 Sanitation: Toilet facility was one of the most basic facilities required in a house. It
was observed that most of the households are have constructed toilets under
Swachha Bharat Abhiyan. People are aware about ban on open defecation.

 Drinking water Facilities: During the survey, it was observed that diverse sources
of drinking water supply were available in villages. Major source of drinking water
in the study area was ground water (hand pumps, bore wells and dug wells). During
survey respondents reported shortage of water in summer season.

 Education facilities: Most of the villages were having education facilities in the
form of anganwadi and primary schools. Higher education facilities were available in
the range of 5-10km. Colleges and other diploma courses are available at
Chandrapur city and Bhadrawati town.

 Transportation facility: For transportation purpose auto, jeep and private bus
services are available in the study area; however villagers reported that
transportation facilities are not frequently available. Private vehicles like bicycles &
motor cycles were also used by villagers for transportation purpose. Railway Station
is available in Chandrapur city.

 Road connectivity: Most of the roads are blacktopped and the few pakka roads are
in need of repair and maintenance.

 Communication facilities: For communication purpose, mainly mobile phones,

newspapers & post offices are available in the villages.

 Medical facilities: There are few healthcare facilities available in the study area. In
some of the villages, primary health sub centers were available. Hospitals and other
better health centers were available in the range of 5-10 km at Bhadrawati town and
Chandrapur city.

 Electricity: All villages in the study area have electricity facility for domestic and
agriculture purposes. Solar Street lights were seen in some of the villages.

 Gram Panchayat facility: Most of the villages were having gram panchayat building
and Community halls.

 Market facility: Study area was predominantly rural. In villages, small shops were
available for daily needs things. Weekly market facility was available in almost all
villages. Wholesale market are available at Chandrapur city.

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 Recreation facilities: Television and mobiles are the main recreation facilities in
the study area. There are Sports grounds, Cinema theatre, shopping complexes and
malls in Chandrapur city.

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CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

AND MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts anticipated during
construction and operation phase of the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project. The
environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary
impacts are those, which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts
are those, which are indirectly induced.

Prediction of impacts is an important component in environmental impact assessment

process. Several techniques and methodologies are available for predicting the impacts
due to proposed development in coal washery on ecological and socio-economic
components of environment. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-
project) status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of
environmental conditions. The quantitative prediction of impacts lead to delineate
suitable environmental management plan needed for implementation during the
commissioning of proposed washery activities and in its operational phase in order to
mitigate the adverse impacts on environmental quality. The coal washery activities will
contribute to dust emissions from various sources. The predictions in respect of air,
water, noise, land and socio-economic components of environment have been made
based on baseline data collected, application of suitable model, available scientific
knowledge and judgments. Various likely impacts during the construction and
operation phase on the environment parameters have been studied to estimate the
impact on the environment and are described in the following paragraphs.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE: IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

This includes impacts due to the activities related to levelling of site, construction of
structures for proposed project and installation of equipments.

4.2.1 Land Environment

Impact on Land use &Topography & Mitigation Measures
M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has owned 27 Ha of private land for
construction and operation of private railway siding in Tadali village, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The coal washery project is proposed adjacent to the existing
railway siding of the company in the own private land. 7.5 Ha area is demarcated for
establishment of coal washery. The land is non-agricultural land.

During construction phase, various construction operations including levelling of site,

construction of plant infrastructure, internal roads, weigh bridge, etc. will be carried
out. After completion of the construction phase, the present landuse of the project area

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will get permanently changed to industrial category. There will not be any change in the
land use pattern outside the plant premises.

The proposed project site is mostly flat. The proposed plant construction will not cause
any significant changes in the topography of the plant area. There will not be any change
in the topography of the area outside the plant premises.

Some plantation has already been carried out along the proposed plant boundary.
Additional plantation will be taken up as per the green belt plan from the construction
phase itself. This will act as a dust screen and also a visual barrier for the plant
construction activities. This will also improve the aesthetic view of the area.

4.2.2 Impact on Soil

The proposed construction activities will require to remove top soil from the area
proposed for coal washery establishment and associated infrastructure facilities. Top
soil excavated from this area will be spread along the plant boundary and used for
development of green belt. Thus, there will not be any loss of top soil from the area.

Mitigation Measures Proposed for Land Environment

• After completion of the construction phase, the surplus excavated material shall be
utilized for filling up in low lying areas within the plant premises, the rubble will be
cleared and all un-built surfaces will be reinstated;
• The top soil from the excavated areas will be re-used for the plantation;
• Green belt development and related activities will be taken up so that plantation
grows to adequate height by the time of plant commissioning. Thus, green belt will
be effective in containing the soil stabilization;
• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped and natural gradient will be
maintained as much as feasible;

4.2.3 Air Environment

Impact on Air Quality

During construction phase, dust will be the main pollutant, which will be generated
from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further,
concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular
traffic. However, change in ambient concentrations of air pollutants will be insignificant
and temporary. As most of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are
likely to be fugitive. The impacts will be localized in nature and the areas outside the
project boundary are not likely to have any significant adverse impact.

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Air Pollution Control Measures

During dry weather conditions, it is necessary to control the dust generated by
excavation and transportation activities. This will be achieved by regular water
sprinkling. It will be ensured that vehicles and machineries are properly maintained to
minimize smoke in the exhaust emissions. Additional air pollution control measures
include the following:

• Sprinkling of water at regular intervals preferably using truck-mounted sprinklers

along the roads and work zone areas;
• Electrical power shall be made available near to the site. Attempts to be made to
utilize the electrically powered machinery to the extent possible to minimize the
emissions of SO2 and NOx from operation of DG sets.

4.2.4 Noise Environment

Impact on Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic,
construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps,
compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipment
will generate noise ranging between 85-90 dB (A) near the source. These noise levels
will be generated within the plant boundary and will be temporary in nature.

Noise Control Measures

Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level within 85 dB(A).
Wherever possible, equipment will be provided with silencers and mufflers. Acoustic
enclosures will be provided to stationary equipments like DG sets, wherever possible.
Construction activities will be restricted to day time only. Greenbelt will be developed
from construction stage. Further, workers working in high noise areas will be provided
with necessary protective devices e.g. ear plug, ear-muffs etc.

4.2.5 Water Environment

Impact on Water Resources and Quality

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Water Pollution Control Measures

The earth work (cutting and filling) will be avoided during rainy season and will be
completed during winter and summer seasons. Stone pitching on the slopes and
construction of concrete drains for storm water to minimize soil erosion in the area will
be undertaken. Settling pond is planned for storage and recycling of surface water for
use in the plant area. Also development of green belt in and around plant will be taken
up during the monsoon season. In-plant roads will be concreted/blacktopped. Soil
binding and fast growing vegetation will be grown within the plant premises to arrest
the soil erosion. Hence, there will not be any impact on the water regime due to
discharge of storm water run-off. Mobile toilets will be provided during construction
stage for construction workers.

4.2.6 Storage of Hazardous Material: Impact & Control Measures

The hazardous materials used during construction may include petrol, diesel, welding
gas and paints, which are potentially hazardous. To mitigate the impact following
measures will be observed:
• Hazardous materials will be stored and handled carefully under applicable safety
guidelines.
• Diesel and other fuels will be stored in separate enclosures;
• Tanks having sufficient diameter shall be separated by fire insulating walls from
other storage tanks; and
• The distance between the storage tanks shall be at least half their height.

4.2.7 Biological Environment

Impact on Ecology
Proposed site of the 1.5 MTPA coal washery is located at uncultivated land surrounded
by some agriculture fields, railway siding and industrial area. The majority of local
vegetation in project site is of seasonal shrubs, herbs and grasses and naturally grown
local tree species. No tree cutting is planned. Plant design is made such that the existing
trees will be protected as it is. Development of green belt around the periphery of the
project site and along the approach road will be taken up during construction phase.

Control Measures for Ecology

Efforts will be made to protect most of the existing trees. Trees will be cut only when
there is no other alternative. Local and fast growing plant species will be planted under
greenbelt development programme to enhance green cover in the area as per CPCB
guidelines.

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4.2.8 Socio-economic Environment

Demography and Socio-Economics: Impacts & Mitigation Measures

During construction phase, most of the construction labourers will be employed from
nearby villages. Only skilled & semi-skilled workers, which are not available in nearby
villages, will be brought from outside. The local people will also have indirect
employment opportunities like commercial establishments, small contracts / sub-
contracts and supply of construction materials for buildings and ancillary
infrastructures etc. In addition to the direct employment, indirect employment
opportunities in sectors such as catering, transportation, housing etc. will be generated.
Consequently, this will contribute to economic upliftment of the area.
• Local people will be given preference for employment;
• All the applicable guidelines under the relevant Acts and Rules related to labour
welfare and safety will be implemented during the construction work;
• The contractor shall be advised to provide LPG to the workers to prevent damage to
trees; and
• The construction site will be secured with fencing and will have guarded entry
points.
• Necessary drinking water, safety and sanitation facilities will be provided for the
construction workers at site.

4.3 OPERATION PHASE: ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

For the purpose of impact assessment during the operational phase, the following
environmental components have been considered:
• Climate & Meteorology;
• Ambient Air quality;
• Ambient Noise levels;
• Water resources and quality;
• Land use & Topography;
• Traffic load;
• Demography and socio-economics;

4.3.1 Air Environment

Impacts on Climate & Meteorology

The proposed coal washery project involves only transportation of raw coal from mines
to washery site, physical washing of coal using water and transportation of washed coal
and reject coal to the user industries. There is no combustion process involved in the
project. There will not be any major construction activities involved in the project that

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can change the wind pattern. Thus, the proposed project will not cause any changes in
the climate and meteorological aspects of the area.

4.3.2 Impacts on Ambient Air Quality & Proposed Control Measures

The impacts on ambient air quality due to coal washery depend on various factors
involved like transportation of coal from mines, coal handling equipment and
processing of the coal in washery, storage of raw coal, washed coal and rejects, etc. The
severity of impacts on air environment from coal washery projects are governed by
terrain conditions around the project site and the prevailing micro-meteorological
conditions in the project region. Coal washery projects are associated with several
onsite facilities such as, raw coal handling system (unloading), washed coal handling
system (loading) and reject handling system, are the major sources of air pollution.

4.3.2.1 Fugitive Emissions

The impact on air quality from coal washery depends on coal washery technology, its
operation & maintenance as well as transportation of coal. The fugitive emissions of coal
dust would be due to coal handling activities at storage yard, wind erosion, coal
breakers, screens, spillages from conveyor system, loading operation etc. The fugitive
emissions (mainly coal dust) would generally be less in quantity and it would be
released relatively closer to ground level which would cause impacts in the immediate
vicinity to very limited distances (about 1-2 km).

The impacts from various operations involved in the coal washery and proposed
control/mitigation measures are given in flow sheet in Figure 4.1.

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Activities Impacts on Air Quality Control/ Mitigation Measures

ROM Coal transport Dust emission, increase Transport through railway wagons upto
in traffic density railway siding located adjacent to plant
premises / through covered trucks

Coal unloading & • Fixed sprinklers at railway siding

Stackyard Dust emission
• Thick green belt along railway siding
• Wind break/sheds around stack yard

Loading & Transport of Dust emission • Periodic maintenance of vehicles

coal from railway siding SO2, NOx emissions • Water sprinkling during loading
to ground hopper • Transport through wheel loaders
• Blacktopping of internal roads

Unloading at ground • Provision of enclosure to hopper

Dust emission
hopper • Water sprinkling at hopper

• Provision of enclosure to conveyors

Internal transport Dust emission
• Water sprinkling at transfer points
through belt conveyors

• Provision of Bag filter to crushers

• Provision of enclosure to conveyors
Crushing & Screening Dust emission
• Water sprinkling at transfer points

Coal washing Wet coal washing process, Suppression

Dust emission
of dust

• Fixed water sprinklers

Stacking of washed coal Dust emission
and rejects • Thick green belt/ Wind break/sheds
around stack yard

Loading of washed coal Dust emission Closed conveyor system with water
& rejects sprinkling arrangement

• Transport mostly through rail mode

Transport of washed Dust emission, increase • Rejects may be transported by road
coal & rejects in traffic density • Use of covered trucks for transport
• Periodic maintenance of roads
• Periodic maintenance of vehicles
• Water sprinkling on transport roads

FIGURE 4.1: FLOWSHEET SHOWING IMPACTS OF VARIOUS PLANT OPERATIONS

ON AIR QUALITY AND PROPOSED CONTROL/MITIGATION MEASURES

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4.3.2.2 Air Pollution Modeling

A. AERMOD CLOUD Model
The AERMOD Cloud Model provides options to model emissions from a wide range of
sources that might be present at a typical industrial source complex. The model
basically works on Gausian Plume Quation for dispersion of pollutants. Emission
sources are categorized into four basic types of sources, i.e., point sources, volume
sources, area sources, and open pit sources. The volume source option and the area
source option may also be used to simulate line sources. The model assumes receptors
on flat terrain. The model is based on a numerical integration over the area in the
upwind and cross wind directions of Gaussian plume formula. This can be applied to
the Point, Area, Line or Volume sources simultaneously and their resultant incremental
concentration of the pollutant can be predicted.

• Gaussian Plume Model

Ground Level Concentration (χ) from a point source at any receptor is given by (USEPA
ISCST3, 1987).
χ = Qg1g2
(2 πσyσ zu)
where,
g1 = exp(-y2/2σy2)
g2 = exp[-(z-H)2/2σz2] + exp[-(z+H)2/2σz2]
Q = source strength
Z = receptor height above the ground
He = effective stack height (Plume rise + Physical stack height)
u = wind speed at stack level
σy & σz = dispersion parameters

FIGURE 4.2: GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL

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B. Model Setup
The proposed 1.5 MTPA capacity wet coal washery is located in Tadali Village, Tehsil &
District- Chandrapur, Maharashtra State. Daily 5000 tonne raw coal will be processed to
produce approx. 3500 tonne of graded coal (70%) and 1500 tonne of rejects (30%).

The modelling was carried out by AERMOD Cloud Model. Following emission sources
were considered for modelling.

Point Souce Emissions:

Number of stacks 1
Stack attached to Bag house
Steel Chimney height 30 m
Bottom diameter 0.7 m
Top diameter 0.3 m
Exit gas temp. 35 °C
Exit gas velocity 4 m/s

Other fugutive emission sources:

1. Coal unloading & loading at railway siding
2. Coal unloading at ground hopper
3. Coal stack yard
4. Coal transport by railway/trucks

C. Air Modelling Results

The AERMOD Cloud model was used to predict the maximum ground level
concentration of PM10 generated due to operations at coal washeries. Point and area
sources resembling the actual sources were fixed. Receptors were fixed at specific
intervals.

The predicted maximum incremental GLC (24-hour average) of PM10 due to operations
at proposed coal washery, as predicted by Air modelling, was observed as 2.86 µg/m³
at 900 m S of the coal washery area. The predicted 24-hourly GLC were added with
baseline air quality monitoring results to predict the post project scenario. The
Predicted ambient air quality values are presented in Table 4.1.

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TABLE 4.1: PREDICTED GLC OF PM10 AT AAQ MONITORING STATIONS

Max. NAAQ
Predicted Total
Location Baseline Standard
Location incremental conc.
Code conc. (µg/m3)
conc. µg/m 3 µg/m 3
µg/m 3

A1 Project site 65.2 1.46 66.66 100

A2 Chichala village 56.4 0.29 56.69 100
A3 Goraja village 51.3 1.75 53.05 100
A4 Sonegaon village 55.2 2.04 57.24 100
A5 Tadali village 58.1 0.29 58.39 100
A6 Marodia village 57.4 0.29 57.69 100
A7 Ghuggus village 63.7 0.29 63.99 100
A8 Sakharwahi village 50.7 0.87 51.57 100

From the above table, it can be observed that the predicted concentrations of PM10 in
the study area will remain well within the permissible limits after establishment of the
proposed coal washery. The isopleths showing spatial distribution of PM10 predicted
concentrations are presented in Figure 4.3.

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FIGURE 4.3 – MAP SHOWING PREDICTED GLCS OF PM10

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 92

4.3.2.3 Impacts on traffic density

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has already established a railway siding
adjacent to the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery area in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District-
Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Raw coal will be transported from WCL coal mines located in
Chandrapur and Wani area upto the railway siding by railway wagons. From the railway
siding, the coal will be transported upto the raw coal hopper by wheel loaders/trucks.
Occassionaly, ROM coal will be transported from coal mines to the coal washery site by
trucks covered by tarpaulin. The coal washery site is well connected by PWD road from
Chandrapur – Nagpur SH-264. Thus, no significant impact is envisaged on the local
traffic infrastructure.

Wagon Loading Arrangement

Washed coal from the coal washery will be stacked in a bunker. From the bunker, the
coal will be transported by closed belt conveyor to the hopper located near railway
siding. From the hopper, the coal will be loaded into the railway wagons with the help of
belt conveyors.

Railway siding is already established adjacent to the proposed coal washery site. The
washery operation will be maintained in a closed system with a wagon loading
arrangement at the site.

Since most of the raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be transported through rail,
no major transportation will take place from public roads. However, occasionally in case
of user industry not connected with rail network, washed coal and rejects will be
transported by road. The transport will take place through PWD road upto State
Highway connecting Chandrapur to Nagpur

Possible Impacts due to increase in traffic density:

• Increase in fugitive dust emissions due to coal transportation vehicles
• Damage to public roads used for coal transport
• Accidents due to collision, falling, etc.
• Inconvenience to other commuters
• Increase in noise levels

4.3.2.4 Air Pollution Control Measures

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to adopt wet coal washing
process in the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery. Hence, no dust emissions are
envisaged from coal washing process. However to control fugitive dust emissions from
coal handling, storage, crushing and transport activities, following control measures will
be adopted:

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• Minimise transport of coal through trucks by maximum use of existing own railway
siding of the company.
• Where rail network is not available with the user industry, the coal will be transported
by trucks covered with tarpaulin sheet. Overloading will be strictly prohibited.
• Concreting/blacktopping of internal roads to avoid generation of dust.
• Plantation of tall trees with thick folliage along periphery of the project boundary in
order to arrest dust;
• Permanent water sprinklers at railway sidings where unloading / loading of raw coal
will be carried out. Continuous water sprinkling will be applied to cover railway wagons
width during unloading.
• Provision of fixed water sprinklers at loading / unloading site within the plant.
• Periodic water sprinkling on internal roads.
• The speed of trucks plying on the unpaved roads will be limited to avoid generation of
dust;
• Provision of bag filters of adequate capacity for coal crushers.
• Use of covered conveyors for internal transport of coal.
• Provision of dust extraction / water sprinkling arrangement at all transfer points.
• Dust mask will be provided to the workers. Regular trainings will be imparted to
workers to improve awareness about usage of dust masks.
• Regular maintenance of trucks will be carried out and Pollution Under Control Certificate
(PUC) will be obtained as per Govt. norms for HCV vehicles.
• High polluting vehicles / machinery shall be discarded and replaced with new vehicles /
machinery having improved technology.
• Ground stocks of coal, rejects will be covered with tarpaulin during heavy winds.
• Periodic maintenance of equipments & machinery involved at project site.
• Wagon loading of washed coal through closed conveyor system.
• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality in plant premises and in nearby villages to
assess efficacy of adopted air pollution control measures and adoption of additional air
pollution control measures, if required.

4.3.2.5 Control Measures for Impacts due to Increase in Traffic

To avoid impact due to increase in traffic density, it is necessary to maximize use of the
existing railway siding to the maximum extent. The project proponent will try to ensure
with Railway Department for regular allocation of necessary railway wagons for
transportation of coal to and from the coal washery.

However, the following preventive measures will have to be adopted to avoid impact
due to occasional increase in traffic density due to coal transportation traffic:
• Transportation of coal only through trucks covered with tarpaulin
• Overloading and over-speeding will be strictly prohibited

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• Batch transport of coal to avoid traffic jams.

• Conducting coal transport during day time only.
• Periodic maintenance of public roads used for coal transport
• Periodic water sprinkling on roads used for coal transport
• Plantation along both the sides of PWD road used for coal transport
• Periodic maintenance of vehicles used for transportation of coal
• Provision of speed breakers, traffic signals, etc. at strategic locations
• Posting of Traffic sentries at strategic junctions, near schools, etc.
• Conducting awareness programs for traffic safety

4.3.3 Noise Environment

4.3.3.1 Impacts on Ambient Noise Levels

The noise levels at some locations near heavy machinery such as crushers, screens may
exceed threshold limit value. Exposure to noise levels, above threshold limit value may
have detrimental effect on the workers’ health. The adverse effects of high noise levels
on exposed workers may result in:
• Annoyance;
• Fatigue;
• Temporary shift of threshold limit of hearing;
• Permanent loss of hearing; and
• Hypertension and high blood cholesterol, etc.

Following sources of noise are identified in the proposed coal washery project:
• Internal transport of coal by trucks;
• Loading & unloading activities;
• Operation of conveyors;
• Crushers & Screens
• DG Sets (Occasional)

Noise will be mainly generated from crushing and screening operations in the coal
washery. Other noise sources includes loading of coal with wheel loader, internal
transport of coal through trucks, noise from belt conveyors and noise from DG sets, in
case of power failure. Noise modelling has been carried out to estimate impacts on
ambient noise levels due to operation of the proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery. The
expected noise levels of individual sources in the proposed coal washery project are
given in Table 4.2.

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TABLE 4.2: EXPECTED SOURCE NOISE LEVELS

Equipment’s considered for Modelling Expected Source Noise Levels dB(A)
Rotary Breakers (1) 90
Crusher (1) 95
Screens (6) 90
Cyclones (3) 75
Hoppers (1) 80
Bag Filters ID Fans (1) 75

For predicting the impacts on ambient noise levels, 'DHWANI' Noise model, developed
by NEERI was used. The location of various noise sources along with their noise levels
were used to plot the predicted noise isolines around the plant premises.

The software basically works on the concept of reduction in the sound pressure level
over distance travelled which is given by a mathematical equation No. 1 as mentioned
below. The summation of different resultant noise levels at receptors are carried out by
mathematical equation No. 2 as given below:

L2= L1-20 log10 (R2/R1) -----------------------(1)

Where L1dB(A) = Noise level at a distance R1(m)
L2 dB(A) = Noise level at a distance R2 (m)
&
L = 10 log10(10 1 + 10 2 + ----------- + 10Ln/10) ---------------------(2)
L /10 L /10

Where L1, L2 and Ln are noise level dB(A)

The resultant predicted noise levels are demarcated in the form of Noise isolines and
are superimposed on the map of the area. The resultant predicted noise isolines are
shown in Figure 4.4.

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FIGURE 4.4: PREDICTED NOISE ISOLINES DUE TO PROPOSED COAL WASHERY

From the modeling results, it was observed that the resultant noise levels at the plant
boundary was about 65 dB(A), which will further reduce over short distance. The
resultant noise levels due to plant operations at the nearest habitation i.e. Sakharwahi
village was about 45 dB(A). Thus, it could be seen that no significant impact will take
place on the ambient noise levels due to the proposed coal washery project. From the
figure, it can be seen that the ambient noise levels (day time and night time) will remain
within permissible limits during the plant operation stage.

Also, it is necessary to mention here that the model does not take into account the
reduction in noise levels due to various natural / artificial barriers such as trees, walls,
buildings, elevated topography, etc., encountered in the path. Thus, the actual resultant
noise levels at the receptors will be much lesser than that predicted by the model.

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4.3.3.2 Proposed Noise Control Measures

The following control measures will be adopted to keep the ambient noise levels well
below the permissible limits:
• Provision of noise attenuation measures during Design and layout of building;
• Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of
sound attenuation panels around the equipment;
• All the design/installation precautions as specified by the manufacturers with
respect to noise control shall be strictly adhered to;
• Provision of acoustic enclosures to stationary equipment like crushers & screens,
DG sets, etc.;
• Provision of enclosures to conveyor belts;
• Periodic maintenance of equipment and machinery;
• Provision of sound proof cabins to wheel loaders & other HEMMs;
• Provision of ear muffs/ear plugs to workers exposed to high noise generating
areas;
• Job rotation for workers working in high noise generating areas;
• Development of thick green belt around plant boundary and within plant
premises covering about 35% of the plant area. This will act as a noise barrier
and will help in attenuating noise levels;
• Regulating speed of transportation vehicles to below 40 KMPH to minimize noise
from coal transportation traffic;
• Periodical monitoring of noise in the plant premises and in nearby villages;

4.3.3.3 Proposed Vibration Control Measures

The following control measures will be adopted to minimize the vibrations and to
control the impacts on the plant workers and drivers engaged in coal transportation:
• Provision of vibration isolation platforms to all vibrating machineries;
• Select work equipment of appropriate ergonomic design (newer, better designed
machinery often emits significantly lower levels of vibration);
• Appropriate maintenance program (worn parts or loose components will
significantly increase vibration levels, also encourage employees to report
unusually high vibration levels);
• Design and layout of workplaces (use balancers to help support equipment so it
does have to be held so tightly);
• Suitable and periodic information and training for employees;
• Limitation of the duration and magnitude of exposure;
• Appropriate work schedules with adequate rest periods;
• Protect employees from cold and damp;
• Provision of Vibration controlling Driving seats to all HEMM and Transport
vehicles;

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• Training & awareness programs for drivers and operators;

• Regular maintenance of internal roads and transport vehicles;

4.3.4 Water Environment

4.3.4.1 Impacts on Water Resources

There is no surface water stream flowing within or adjacent to the applied project site.
At present, the surface run-off from the applied project area flows along the natural
slope of the area and joins seasonal streams flowing outside the project site. Wardha
river, Erai River and Sarai nala forms the major drainage of the study area. Erai river
(9.30 km E) flows from North to south and joins Wardha river(6.0 km W) at about 20
km SE of the project area. Tadali lake (4.0 km NE) is another major surface water body
in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW) and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km NE) are seasonal
surface water bodies in the study area.

About 386 m3/day make up water is required for industrial and domestic purposes
during the operation phase of the proposed coal washery project. The water
requirement will be fulfilled from ground water. NOC from CGWA will be obtained
before start of coal washery operations. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the
coal washery plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to
the extent possible.

Applied project area falls in safe zone for ground water drawal. However, if adequate
control measures are not adopted, the ground water draft for industrial and domestic
use may result in fall in the ground water levels. As such, the open wells/ bore wells in
the nearby villages may become dry during summer months and there may be shortage
of ground water for the other users.

4.3.4.2 Impacts on Water Quality

The potential sources of wastewater / effluent generation in the proposed coal washery
project along with the estimated quantities (peak) are calculated and given in Table
4.3.
TABLE 4.3: ESTIMATION OF WASTEWATER GENERATION
Sr. No. Type of wastewater Max. Quantity (m3/day)
1 Storm water run-off carrying coal particles & silt 1250*
2 Coal washery effluent 6412.5
3 Domestic effluent from plant premises 2.5
Total 7665
* Average max. runoff during monsoon in a day over total plant area of 7.5 Ha
These effluents / wastewater, if discharged into surface streams / land, will cause
significant pollution of the receiving water bodies / land surfaces. Silt and coal particles

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carried away with the effluent / process wastewater, will cause increase in the
suspended particulate load in the receiving surface water bodies. This will make the
water unfit for use for domestic or irrigation purposes. Insignificant quantity of
workshop effluent (wash water from workshop floor) will be generated. This effluent, if
discharged untreated, may contaminate the land and/or surface water resources.
However provision will be made to collect the effluent generated in the settling tank to
get settle the particulates and recycled for the washery process, sprinkling and also
greenbelt plantation purposes. Coal as well as associated waste material does not
contain any toxic elements in it. Hence, there is no possibility of contamination of
ground water resources due to the percolation of water from coal stack yards.

However, contamination of ground water may occur, if there are leakages of oil and
grease from the storage area / washery sections, if necessary protection measures are
not adopted.

4.3.4.3 Conservation Measures for Water Resources

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will implement ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’
system. Entire waste water after treatment will be re circulated in process by close
circuit system. For domestic waste water treatment, package type of STP is proposed.
This will drastically reduce the fresh water requirement in the plant and will also
protect the water quality of surface water resources flowing outside the plant area. The
water balance for the project is shown in Figure 4.5.

Treated water from Thickeners Make up water : 386 KLD

6412 KLD Source: Ground water

6412 KLD

6412 KLD
338 KLD 30 KLD 15 KLD 3 KLD

Coal washing Dust Suppression Plantation Domestic Use

6750 KLD 30 KLD 15 KLD 3 KLD

2.5 KLD
Thickeners Package Type
Evaporation Losses STP

FIGURE 4.5: WATER BALANCE DIAGRAM

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Apart from this, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also implement
rainwater harvesting measures in the plant premises. This will involve collection of the
storm water run-off from the plant premises to a settling tank and use of the properly
settled water in coal washing process, dust suppression and plantation in the plant
premises.

Calculations of storm water generation from the plant premises:

Average annual rainfall in the area 1250 mm
(Source: IMD, Champa)
Plant area 7.5 Ha
Coefficient of run off 0.7
Total annual surface runoff potential 65,625 cu.m.

The storm water run-off from the plant area will be collected in a settling tank through a
network of storm water drains. The accumulated water will be allowed to settle in the
tank and the properly settled water will be used for coal washing process, dust
suppression and plantation in the plant premises, thereby reducing the fresh water
requirement in the plant. In addition percolation pits will be designed all along the
boundary of the plant which will help in recharging groundwater.

Calculations for Settling Tanks dimensions:

Maximum daily storm water run-off ~1250 cu.m.
No. of settling tanks in series 3
Area of each settling tank 500 sq. m.
Dimensions of each tank 10m x 10m x 5 m

Rainwater Harvesting in nearby villages

Apart from the rainwater harvesting measures proposed within the plant premises, M/s
Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also construct some roof top rainwater
harvesting structures in the public buildings in the nearby villages. The rain water
collected from the roof tops of the public buildings will be passed to ground recharge
pit. This will help in improving the ground water status of the area. Also, the company
will take up village pond de-sliming and cleaning activities under its CSR programme.
This will also help in increasing rainwater storage potential in the ponds and will also
improve the ground water recharge. A schematic diagram of typical rainwater
harvesting (ground recharge) pit proposed to be implemented in the nearby villages is
shown in Figure 4.6.

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FIGURE 4.6: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF RAINWATER HARVESTING PIT

4.3.4.4 Proposed Water Pollution Control Measures

It is proposed to operate the coal washery plant on 'Zero Effluent Discharge' principal.
Thus, all the effluent generated from the plant will be treated, recycled and reused or
discharged within the plant premises only.

Fine coal slurry from the coal washery collected in the fine coal tank will be pumped
into a set of classifying cyclone. The underflow of classifying cyclone will be dewatered
in Hi Frequency screen while the overflow from cyclone will be fed to a Hi-rate
Thickener. Thickened slurry from thickener will be dewatered in a Multi Roll Belt Press
filter. Anionic and Cationic Flocculants will be used in thickener and Belt Press to
facilitate settling and dewatering process. The treated water will be recycled and reused
in the coal washing process.

Domestic discharge from rest shelters, canteens and toilets will be channelized through
proper sewage drains treated in package type STP.

Storm water run-off from the plant area will be collected in a series of settling tanks and
will be utilized for coal washing, dust suppression and plantation. Wash water from

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workshop will be treated in oil & grease traps and treated water will be used for
sprinkling at coal stack yard.

Recovery of Heavy Media:

The magnetite with correct density, from the D & R screen for clean and rejects will be
fed to the correct/Heavy –media sump from where, it will be pumped for reuse. The
dilute media from the D & R screen will be fed to the diluted media sump from where it
will be pumped to a magnetic separator. Process effluent will be pumped to a thickener
to recover process water and thicken the slurry.

4.3.5 Land Environment

4.3.5.1 Impacts on Land use Pattern

Out of total 7.5 Ha area, plant will be established in 2.25 Ha area, green belt and
plantation will cover 2.6 Ha area, coal storage and reject disposal will be carried out in
1.05 Ha area and raw water reservoir& RWH structure will be provided in 1.2 Ha area.
Thus, entire land use pattern of the core zone will be changed. All the project activities
will be restricted within the plant premises and there will not be any change in the land
use pattern outside the plant area. The private railway siding of the company, located
adjacent to the project site, will be used for supplying raw coal and transport of washed
coal from the washery.

However, due to establishment of the coal washery project, some ancillary businesses
like garages, hotels, housing facilities, lodges, etc may be developed in the vicinity of the
project. This may result in the change in the existing land use pattern in the buffer zone.

TABLE 4.4: PROPOSED LAND USE OF COAL WASHERY AREA

Sr. No. Description Area (in Ha) %
1 Washery plant 2.25 30.00
2 Coal Storage yard 0.7 9.33
3 Reject storage yard 0.35 4.67
4 Greenbelt & Plantation area 2.6 34.67
5 Water reservoir & Rainwater harvesting area 1.2 16.00
6 Office building and rest shelters 0.4 5.33
Total 7.50 100.0

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4.3.5.2 Mitigation measures for Land Environment

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to develop green belt and
plantation in 2.6 Ha of the plant area. This will help in improving the aesthetic appeal of
the area. Following control measures will be adopted to minimize impacts on the land
environment.
• Green belt development and related activities will be taken up during construction
stage so that plantation grows to adequate height by the time of plant
commissioning. Thus, green belt will be effective in containing the soil stabilization;
• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped and natural gradient will be
maintained as much as feasible;
• Stacking of raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be carried out at designated
areas within the plant premises. No coal stacking will be carried out outside the
plant premises (excluding at railway siding).
• Internal roads will be cemented / black topped and maintained periodically.
• Plantation will be developed along the PWD roads used for coal transport.
• Suitable air pollution control measures will be adopted, as suggested in previous
paragraph, to control dust emission and deposition on the agriculture crops / land
surrounding the plant premises.
• No effluent will be discharged outside the plant premises on any land or in any
water body.

4.3.6 Solid Waste Generation & Its Management

4.3.6.1 Solid Waste Generation

It is proposed to wash 1.5 Million tonnes of raw coal in the proposed coal washery
project. During the plant operation phase, solid wastes will be generated from various
plant operations. The types of solid waste and their estimated quantities are given in
Table 4.5.

TABLE 4.5: SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Sr. No. Type of solid waste Estimated daily Estimated annual
Quantity quantity
1 Reject coal 1470 tonnes per day 0.441 MTPA
2 Sludge from thickener 2.5 TPD 750 tonnes per annum
3. Spent oil & Grease 0.5 kg/day ~ 150 kg per annum
4. Damaged/worn out - ~ 3 TPA
machine parts
5. Domestic waste 5 kg per day 1500 kg per annum

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The characteristics and quantum of raw coal used in the washery, washed coal and
washery rejects generation are given in Table 4.6.

TABLE 4.6: CHARACTERISTICS & QUANTUM OF ROM COAL, WASHED COAL & COAL
WASHERY REJECTS
Sr. No. Parameters ROM Coal Washed Coal Rejects
1 Ash % 40 30 64.01
2 Moisture % 1 4.8 8.9
3 Sulphur % 0.4-0.5 0.3-0.4 0.4-0.6
4 GCV (Kcal/Kg) 3800 - 4300 5089-5600 2200-2800
5 Yield % 100 70.6 29.4
6 Quantity (TPA) 1,500,000 1,059,000 441,000

The generated solid wastes, if not treated or disposed scientifically, may cause harm to
the surrounding environment. Also, additional land is required for proper storage,
treatment or disposal of the solid wastes generated from the plant.

The solid wastes may cause air pollution due to dust emissions, odor generation, water
pollution due to silt wash off, contamination of ground water, land degradation, etc.

4.3.6.2 Solid Waste Management

Washery Reject Coal

Washery reject coal will be sold to nearby CFBC based thermal power plants and
cement plants and Brick kiln operators. There is a good demand for washery reject coal
and as such, entire washery rejects will be sold out. Thus, there will not be any coal
rejects storage or disposal required from the proposed coal washery.

Sludge from thickener

Thickener sludge will be mixed with washery reject coal and will be dispatched to the
user industries. Hence, there will not be any storage or disposal required for the
thickener sludge.

Spent Oil & Grease

Spent oil and grease will be generated from routine maintenance of machinery and
equipments. The oil and grease will be collected and stored in leak proof containers in
store rooms with concrete floorings. This will be sold to the CPCB/MPCB authorized
recycling vendors periodically.

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Damaged / worn out machine parts:

The damaged /worn out machine parts will be collected and stored in shed on concrete
flooring. These parts will be returned to the manufacturing company or will be sold to
the authorised recycling vendors.

Domestic Solid Wastes

There will be about 5 kg/day domestic solid waste generation from the plant
comprising inorganic materials like broken glasses, drums, papers, polythene bags, etc.
including the food waste from canteen as organics. The organic and inorganic wastes
will be segregated at site itself. Organics will be processed in bio-composter and the
compost will be used as manure for plantation in green belt area. The inorganic waste
material will be sold to authorised vendors.

4.3.7 Biological Environment

4.3.7.1 Impacts on Biological Environment

Impact on terrestrial Flora
Based on past experience, dust deposition on leaf lamina will takes place on nearby
vegetation, which may results in decline the rate of photosynthesis and retards the plant
growth.

Impact on Wildlife
• There is no forest land, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve
within 10 km radius of the project site.
• No rare, endemic & endangered species are reported in the buffer zone.
• Noise generated due to the plant operations may drive away wild animals.
• Fencing around the entire proposed coal washery will be carried out in order to
restrict the entry of stray animals
• Green belt development will be carried out which will help in minimizing sound
level arising from the coal washery operation.

Impact on Agriculture/ Crop Productivity within Study Area

Agricultural crops may be affected when exposed to high concentrations of various air
pollutants especially particulate matter (dust) & SO2. This may result in crop damage
and loss in agriculture produce to the nearby farmers.

4.3.7.2 Biological Environment Conservation Measures

Measures for Minimizing Impact on Flora

Dust issues are mainly raised in the area due to kuchha road, cumulative fugitive dust
emissions by plant operation and coal transportation activities. To mitigate the impact,

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adequate air pollution control measures, as suggested in previous paragraphs, will be

implemented.

Control Measures to avoid impacts on agriculture crops:

1. Maximise coal transportation through rail mode.
2. Periodic maintenance of coal transport road in collaboration with PWD
3. Regular water sprinkling on PWD road used for coal transport.
4. Covered coal Transport system
5. Monitoring of dust fall at agriculture land located nearby the coal washery

Apart from the above, monitoring will be carried out by Environmental Cell of the
company to assess effectiveness of the dust control system and complaints of farmers
regarding impact on crop productivity/damage, if any. The complaints will be verified
through agriculture departments and if found correct, crop damage compensation will
be paid as per the suggestion and recommendation of District agriculture department.

Green Belt Development

A thick Green Belt will be developed along the plant boundary. Selection of tree species
will be based on the following:
• Fast growing
• Local species with thick folliage cover
• Resistant to high levels of dust.
• Perennial and evergreen plants with survival rate of more than 75%
The green area within the project site includes area around the administrative building,
around plant building, along the internal roads, lawn area and along project boundary.

Proposed Plantation Programm (Area in sq. mt.)

• Total Area 7.5 Ha
• Area under Plantation: 2.6Ha. (35%)
• Plantation@ 2500 Plants/ Ha. = 6500 Plants

TABLE 4.7: PROPOSED PLANTATION PROGRAM IN THE COAL WASHERY AREA

Year Area No. of Cost (Rs. Location
in Ha Saplings Lakh)
1 1.0 2500 1.25 Plant boundary, lawn area, Along
internal roads, railway siding
2 1.0 2500 1.25 Around office building and plant
building
3 0.6 1500 0.75 Open spaces, around coal stack yard,
etc.
Total 2.60 6500 3.25

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Apart from the above, about 2500 saplings will be planted in 1st year along the PWD
road used for coal transport.

TABLE 4.8: RECOMMENDED SPECIES FOR PLANTATION

Scientific Name Common Name
Aegle marmelos Bel
Annona squamosa Sitaphal
Azadirachta indica Neem
Bauhinia variagata Kachnar
Bougainvillea spectabillis Bougainvilla
Butea monosperma Palash
Cassia fistula Amaltas
Delbergia latifolia Shisham
Delonix regia Gulmohar
Emblica officinalis Amla
Ficus religiosa Peepal
Madhuca indica Mahua
Pongamia pinnata Karanj
Terminalia arjuna Arjun
Zizyphus jujube Ber

4.3.8 Socio-Economic Environment

4.3.8.1 Impacts on Socio-economic Environment

Rehabilitation & Resettlement Issues:
Land for the proposed coal washery is already owned by M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd.. There is no additional land requirement for the project. Also, there is
no household in the proposed coal washery area. Hence, there is no rehabilitation and
resettlement involved in the project.

Employment opportunities
The local population is mostly engaged in agriculture and related works. Some of the
workers are employed in industries located in MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Some other
workers go to nearby coal mines in Chandrapur and Wani Area or other jobs in
Chandrapur city for working in other industries / occupations. The proposed coal
washery will require about 45 workers as direct employees during operation phase
while 50 persons will get employment during construction phase. This will provide
employment opportunities to the local people as most of the workers will be recruited
from nearby villages. Only skilled and managerial staff, which are generally not
available in the rural areas, will be recruited from outside. Apart from the direct
employment, secondary employment opportunities will also be generated in sectors like

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contractual works, coal transport, business opportunities like shops, garages, hotels,
rented accommodation, etc.

Thus, secondary employment is expected to be generated for more than 100 local
persons. This will improve the economic status of the local population.

Population Growth
This project will not have any significant impact on the population growth. Direct and
indirect employment will be available to local population. Preference will be given to
local unemployed youth for employment during construction and operation phase of
project depending upon their suitability and skill which will enhance substantially of
income and quality of life of the people. Furthermore influx of the people in the area
after the completion of the project will increase the population of the area.

Even though preference in employment will be given to local workers, migrant workers
from different cultural background are likely to be hired to perform specialized works
whose skills are not available in the local pool. The presence of migrant workers from
different cultural backgrounds can occurred at some extent.

Impact on road infrastructure

Existing PWD roads are in good conditions. M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
will take up periodic maintenance of roads used for coal transport, in association with
PWD.

Impact on transport infrastructure

Most of the raw coal and washed coal and rejects will be transported through rail mode.
Only in absence of rail network with user industry, coal will be occassionaly transported
by trucks. Therefore road accidents, dust nuisance can happen. It may affect the health
status of the villagers.

Infrastructure Facilities
Proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery is proposed to be established adjacent to the existing
railway siding of the company in Tadali village. Infrastructure facilties like dedicated
railway siding, road, electricity, etc. are already available at the site. Since the project
site is located near MIDC Tadali Industrial area, necessary basic infrastructure facilities
like roads, rail, electricity, communication facilities, etc. are already available nearby the
project site. Chandrapur city is located at about 15 km from the project site and all the
facilities like schools, colleges, hospitals, markets, etc. facilities are available in the city.
Existing private railway siding of the company will be used for transport of raw coal,
washed coal and rejects. The existing roads will be used for occasional transportation of
raw coal & coal rejects. Also manpower transport for the coal washery will be through

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the existing roads. M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will ensure strengthening
and periodic maintenance of the roads used for coal and manpower transportation.

Public Health Impacts

There is no village habitation in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery. The nearest
village habitation is located in Sakharwahi village at 1.5 km NNW. As observed from the
modeling results, the dust emissions and noise from the coal washery project will not
cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality and ambient noise levels in the
surrounding villages. The plant will be operated on 'Zero Effluent Discharge' principle.
Thus, there will not be any effluent discharge from the plant, thereby avoiding pollution
of surface and ground water resources in the area.

4.3.8.2 Proposed Socio-economic Improvement Measures

The project is expected to contribute towards improvement in standard of living of local
people and improvement in quality of life. In order to mitigate the adverse impact likely
to arise in social, cultural and economical aspects in the surrounding region, the
following measures are proposed to be adopted:
 Adoption of proper pollution control devices for the different component of
environment such as water, air, soil etc. which directly or indirectly are the source of
degradation of human living condition
 Ensure that roads are properly maintained, demarcated with proper labels/
posters/ signboards, vehicles are well maintained and drivers are well trained and
safety conscious
 Provide job opportunities to local population
 Ensure regular medical camps for local population health check up
 Regular meetings with village leaders/villagers to understand their concerns

Corporate Social Responsibility

Under the Corporate Social Responsibility of the company, M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up various socio-economic development programmes in the
nearby villages. The proposed CSR activities will include the following:
• Priority to local people in employment in the plant as per their eligibility
• Formation of Self Help groups (SHG) for women in nearby villages and providing
necessary information and assistance in operation of the group.
• Providing assistance for technical education / training to interested unemployed
village youth for self employment
• Strengthening and periodic maintenance of village roads
• Provision of solar street lamps on village roads
• Construction of toilets in nearby village schools under ‘Swachha Bharat Abhiyan’.
• Plantation along village roads through SHGs.
• Provision of drinking water facilities through construction of bore wells / dug wells

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• Construction of rainwater harvesting structures in public buildings in nearby

villages
• Improvement in irrigation facilities by de-silting / deepening of existing village
ponds
• Distribution of seeds, fertilizers, manures to needy farmers
• Donation of furniture, laboratory equipments, computers, books, etc to village
schools
• Distribution of uniforms, stationary & books to needy students in nearby villages
• Conducting sports, cultural events in the nearby villages
• Conducting awareness programs for addiction control, education, health and
sanitation, malaria eradication, etc.
• Conducting periodic medical camps in nearby villages
• Ambulance facility at the plant will be made available to nearby villagers in case of
emergency.

4.3.8.3 Proposed measures for minimizing impacts on Public Health

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will adopt adequate pollution control
measures in the proposed coal washery project to control the pollution load within
permissible limits. Following pollution control measures will be adopted:
• Provision of bag house, water sprinklers, enclosures, plantation etc. to control dust
emission from coal washery and transport activities
• Periodic maintenance of internal roads and roads used for occasional coal transport
• Provisions of silencers, enclosures and green belt to control noise
• Practice of 'Zero Effluent Discharge' to avoid contamination of surface water
resources.
• All the process effluent will be treated and reused in coal washing process.
• Domestic effluent from plant will be treated in package type STP.
• Conducting periodic medical camps in nearby villages and provision of free health
check ups and medicine facilities in these camps.
• Conducting awareness programs on health & hygiene, safety and environment in
nearby villages.
• Conducting periodic environmental monitoring in nearby villages.

4.3.9 Occupational Health & Safety

In order to evaluate the impacts from proposed coal washery project activities on health
of workers, baseline health studies will be conducted on every worker before joining
their duties.

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4.3.9.1 Medical Surveillance and Examinations

• Identifying workers with conditions that may be aggravated by exposure to dust
& noise and establishing baseline status for determining changes in health
• Evaluating the effect of dust and noise on workers
• Enabling corrective action to be taken when necessary
• providing health education and awareness

The medical surveillance program will consist of the following:

• Pre-employment medical examinations
• Periodic medical examinations
• Health & Safety awareness and training
• Record keeping

History:
The initial medical and occupational history cover previous exposure to dust, personal
habits (e.g. smoking, etc.) and history of present or past respiratory disorders
(particularly tuberculosis).

Occupational Health Monitoring

All the employees in the plant will be subjected to pre-employment & periodic medical
examination to assess the occupational health impacts. The tests will be conducted as
per Form O as given in the Mines Rules, 1955 for the following parameters:
1. Height & weight 2. Eyes
3. Ears 4. Respiratory Systems
5. Circulatory Systems 6. Abdomen
7. Nervous systems 8. Locomotory systems
9. Skin 10. Hydrocele
11. Hernia 12. Any other abnormality
13. Urine tests 14. Skiagram of chest
15. Complete Blood picture 16. Any other test considered by the
Committee Doctor

Based on the medical findings, the worker will be placed for appropriate jobs and
necessary safety training will be provided.

4.3.9.2 Awareness and Training Program

All workers will be subjected to pre-employment and periodic awareness program on
health and safety issues of coal washery and related activities. They would also be
imparted with proper training and would be made to understand the health impacts of
inhaling high concentration of dust laden air. All the workers will also be provided
training in first aid.

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• Holders of first aid certificate will be given refresher training once in two years
• Rescue trained person will acquire highest standards of proficiency in first aid
• Ambulance van will be provided fully equipped with lifesaving drugs, medicines
and appliances needed in emergency

Record keeping
A Registered Medical Practitioner (Doctor) will be appointed for examining the
workers. All the health records of the workers will be maintained in separate file in site
office and the records will be regularly updated.

Implementation of OH&S
For implementation of Occupational Health & Safety in the coal washery project, a safety
committee will be formed. The hierarchy of the committee and responsibilities of
individual members will be as follows:

OH & S Committee & its responsibilities

Sr. No. Designation Responsibility
1. Project Head Overall responsibility of Occupational Health & Safety in the
plant area
2. Plant Manager Adherence to OH&S guidelines and provision of training and
conducting awareness programs
3. EH&S Assisting plant manager in ensuring Occupational Health,
Manager Safety and environmental compliance
4. Doctor Pre-employment and periodic examination / health checkup
and updating the records, provision of first aid training.

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CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is operating a private railway siding at Village
Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra. Looking at the prospective of
demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in the vicinity and availability of own
railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd, has decided to venture into
Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed to establish a 1.5 MTPA coal
washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali village, Tehsil & District –
Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

Since own private land adjacent to the railway siding of the company is available for
coal washery project, and the coal mines of WCL are located at short distance, no site
alternatives were considered.

5.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES

In the coal washing process, there are various technologies available in India. The major
technologies are discussed in brief in the following paragraphs:

5.2.1 Jigs
The methods operate by differences in specific gravity. Jigs rely on stratification in a bed
of coal when the carrying water is pulsed. The shale tends to sink, and the cleaner coal
rises. The basic jig is suitable for larger feed sizes. Although the Baum jig can clean a
wide range of coal sizes, it is most effective at 10-35 mm. A modification of the Baum jig
is the Batac jig, which is used for cleaning fine coals. The coal is stratified by bubbling air
directly through the coal-water-refuse mixture in this cleaning unit.

For intermediate sizes the same principles are applied, although the pulsing may be
from the side or from under the bed. In addition, a bed or hard dense mineral is used to
enhance the stratification and prevent remixing. The mineral is usually feldspar,
consisting of lumps of silicates of about 60mm size. Jigs offer cost effective technology
with a clean coal yield of 75-85% at about 34% ash content. The jigs are used more
frequently than dense-medium vessels because of their larger capacities and cheaper
costs.

5.2.2 Dense Medium Separators

Dense-medium vessels also operate by specific gravity difference; however rather than
using water as the separation medium, a suspension of magnetite and water is used.
This suspension has a specific gravity between that of coal and the refuse and a better
separation can be obtained. The slurry of fine magnetite in water can achieve relative

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CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

densities up to about 1.8. Different types of vessels are used for dense-medium
separators such as baths, cyclones and cylindrical centrifugal separators. For larger
particle sizes, various kinds of baths are used, but these require a substantial quantity of
dense- medium, and therefore of magnetite. For smaller sizes, cyclones are used where
the residence time is short and throughput relatively high. Cylindrical centrifugal
separators are used for coarse and intermediate coal.

Dense-medium cyclones clean coal by accelerating the dense-medium, coal and refuse
by centrifugal force. The coal exits the cyclones from the top and the refuse from the
bottom. Better separation of smaller-sized coals can be achieved by this method.

Key factors in the operation of any dense-medium system based on magnetite are the
control equipment and the efficiency of magnetic recovery for recycle. There can be a
build-up of other minerals in the medium, making control more difficult.

5.2.3 Hydro-cyclone
Hydro-cyclones are water-based cyclones where the heavier particles accumulate near
the walls and are removed via the base cone. Lighter (cleaner) particles stay nearer the
center and are removed at the top via the vortex finder. The cyclones diameter has a
significant influence on the sharpness of separation.

5.2.4 Concentration Tables

Concentration tables are tilted and ribbed and they move back and forth in a horizontal
direction. The lighter coal particles to the bottom of the table while the heavier refuse
particles are collected in the ribs and are carried to the end of the table. Fine coal can be
cleaned inexpensively with this unit, however, the capacity is quite small and they are
only effective on particles with specific gravities greater than 1.5.

5.2.5 Froth Flotation

Froth flotation is the most widely used method for cleaning fines. Froth flotation cells
utilize the difference in surface characteristics of coal and refuse to clean ultra fine coal.
The coal-water mixture is conditioned with chemical reagents so that air bubbles will
adhere only to the coal and float it to the top, while the refuse particles sink. Air is
bubbled up through the slurry in the cell and clean coal is collected in the froth that
forms the top. This type of cleaning is very complex and expensive and is principally
used for metallurgical coals. One of the commonest steps to improve the performance of
a flotation unit is to separate the pyrite at an earlier stage using cyclones, spirals or
tables.

5.2.6 Dry Cleaning

The dry coal preparation technique uses an air dense fluidized bed, which makes use of
the character of an air-solid fluidized bed-like liquid. The uniform and stable air-solid

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CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

suspension is formed, which processes a certain density; light and heavy feed is
separated by density in suspension. The low-density materials float up to the top and
the high-density materials sink down to the bottom. Two qualified products are
obtained after separating and removing the magnetic. The separator is comprised of an
air chamber, an air distributor, a separating vessel as well as a transportation scraper.
In the separating process, the screened (6-50mm) coal and dense medium are fed into
the separator, the compressed air from an air receiver is provided to the air chamber,
and then uniformly to the distributor which fluidize the denser-medium. The
comparative stable fluidized air-solid suspension, which processes a certain density, is
formed under certain technical conditions. The feed is stratified and separated
according to its density. The separated materials are transported in counter flow. The
floated light product such as clean coal is discharged to the one end, and the sunken
heavy product to the other end.

The comparison of different coal washing technologies and their applicability is given in
Table 5.1.

TABLE 5.1: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COAL WASHING TECHNOLOGIES

Methods Jigs Dense- Hydro Concentration Froth Dry
medium cyclones flotation cleaning
separators
State of Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial Commercial
technology
Advantages Large Good — Inexpensive Good results No water
capacity separation on fines required
Inexpensive Second
Common most
type world- common-
wide usage method
Dis- Lower Small Water Quite small Complex Poor Not for
advantages separation capacities consumption capacities; pyrite difficult to
than dense- 10-15 tones/h separation clean coal
medium Poor
dewatering
characteristics
Costs Inexpensive Expensive — Inexpensive Expensive Lower than
wet
processes

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CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Methods Jigs Dense- Hydro Concentration Froth Dry

medium cyclones flotation cleaning
separators
Suitability Intermediate For difficult For coarse to Used for fine Used for fines Requires
efficiency or most intermediate coal containing mainly used easy coal
device. For difficult particles a great deal of for Size: >
moderately coal to Size: 0.5- pyrite metallurgical 100mm
difficult to clean 150mm Size: Specific gravity coals Rough
clean coal Specific 0.0-15mm > 1.5 Size: <0.5mm separation
Specific gravity > For coal
gravity > 1.3-1.9 tending to
1.5-1.6, Size: 0.5- form slimes
Size: 0.5- 150 mm in wet
150mm processes

Selected Technology:
In the proposed coal washery project, it is proposed to adopt Heavy Media Separation
technology for the following advantages:
• Proven and widely used technology
• Suitable for difficult coals
• Offers good separation
• Low air emissions due to wet process
• Coal washery rejects will be supplied to CFBC power plants. Thus, practically
zero solid waste generation.
• Use of thickeners & belt press technology to recover maximum amount of water
from washed coal & rejects. The recovered water will be recycled and reused in
the coal washing process.

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Chandrapur, Maharashtra of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the details of environmental monitoring schedule, institutional
arrangements for pollution control and cost for environmental monitoring program for
the proposed coal washery project.

6.1.1 Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

Environmental monitoring is a continuous process, that is carried out to assess the
efficacy of the pollution control measures adopted in the project. Regular environmental
monitoring will be carried out for the coal washery project during the project operation
phase. The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter-4 will be implemented so as to
minimize the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed coal
washery project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of mitigation measures,
these are phased as per the priority implementation as given in Table 6.1.

TABLE 6.1: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR MITIGATION MEASURES

Sr. Mitigation Implementation time Schedule
No. Measures
1 Air pollution From construction Periodic water sprinkling
control measures phase till life of the arrangement, plantation in
washery. washery area from start of
construction phase.
2 Water pollution Continuous from From start of construction phase
control measures construction phase till for washery.
life of the washery.
3 Noise control From construction Noise control equipment will
measures phase till life of the mostly form integral part of
washery. machines and equipment,
wherever feasible. Ear Plugs/ear
muffs will be provided to all
workers exposed to high noise
generating operations during
construction and operation
phases.
4 Ecological Plantation has been From start of ground clearance,
conservation and carried out along the periodic plantation programs in
up gradation boundary. Immediate and around plant area.
plantation activities
will be taken up in
green belt area from

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Sr. Mitigation Implementation time Schedule

No. Measures
beginning of
construction phase.
5. Socio-economic Will be carried out Continuous from construction
welfare measures from beginning of phase based on need based
construction phase and assessment and discussion with
will be continued till nearby Gram Panchayats.
life of the project.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.2.1 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme

Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution since the efficacy of control
measures can only be determined by monitoring. Regular environmental monitoring
will be carried out as per the Environmental Monitoring Programme for the coal
washery project. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program
will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions, if any, due
to cumulative effect from operation of the new washery and so that suitable control
measures can be adopted in time to safeguard the environment.

The objectives of environmental monitoring are:

To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new
developments
• To follow the trend of parameters, which have been identified as critical;
• To check or assess the efficacy of the controlling measures
• To establish a database for future impact assessment studies for new/expansion
projects

The environmental monitoring for the coal washery will be conducted for following
aspects:
• Ambient Air quality
• Ambient Noise Levels
• Ground water depth
• Surface and ground water quality
• Soil Quality
• Survival rate of Plantation
• CSR Activities

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The following routine monitoring program will be implemented under the post-project
monitoring.

Air Pollution
Ambient air quality will be monitored as per EC Conditions/Central Pollution Control
Board guidelines at four locations in plant premises and four locations in nearby
villages. Air quality monitoring will be carried out once in a month at all monitoring
locations, throughout the year except during monsoon season or as per the directions
given by MoEF&CC/CPCB/MPCB.

Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring will be carried out at 2 location in the plant area and in
four locations in nearby villages. Noise level monitoring will be conducted once in each
season.

Ground water Depth

The depth of ground water table in the area will be monitored regularly in the
wells/bore well located in plant premises and in four nearby villages. The water table
depth at Pre-monsoon (May month) and Post Monsoon (November Month) will be
measured and records will be maintained.

Surface and ground water quality

Surface water samples from nearby village ponds will be collected while ground water
samples from four villages surrounding the project area will also be collected and
analyzed. The water quality monitoring will be carried out once in every season.

Soil quality
Soil quality monitoring will be carried out in the plantation area within the plant
premises and in the agriculture fields located nearby the plant area and along
transportation route. 1 sample from core zone and 4 sample from nearby villages will
be collected and analyzed, once in a year, preferably during dry season.

CSR Activities
Social welfare activities will be conducted in nearby villages. These activities will be
regularly monitored for their effectiveness and accordingly new activities will be
planned.

The proposed environmental monitoring schedule is given in Table 6.2.

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TABLE 6.2: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE

Sr. Environmental Locations Parameters for Schedule/
No. Aspect monitoring frequency of
Monitoring
1 Ambient Air 8 (4 in Plant area PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, Monthly Monitoring
Quality 4 in nearby NOx with 24 hours
villages) sampling
2 Ambient Noise 6 (2 in plant area Noise levels in Hourly noise level
Levels 4 in nearby dB(A) for 24 hours, once in
villages) each season
3 Water table 5 (1 in core zone Depth of water Once each in May
depth and 4 in nearby level and November
villages) month every year
4 Surface and 6 {2 Pond water, As per IS:10500 Grab sampling, once
ground water ground water from 2012 standards during each season
quality 4 nearby villages}
5 Soil Quality 6 (Plantation in Physical and Once in a year,
plant area and nutrition preferably during
agriculture fields in properties of soil dry season.
4 villages)
6. CSR activities Nearby villages Implementation Annual
status and need
based assessment

6.2.2 Monitoring Methods and Data Analysis of Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring of ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality,
ambient noise levels, etc. will be carried out through MoEF accredited agencies/NABL
accredited laboratories regularly and reports will be submitted to MPCB/MoEF.

6.3 BUDGET ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Proposed budget for implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Programme is

given in Table 6.3. The budget will be increased, if required, as per the actual conditions
at site.

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TABLE 6.3: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

PROGRAMME
Sr. No. Particulars Annual Cost (Rs. in
Lakhs)
1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 2.50
2 Ambient noise levels Monitoring 0.60
3 Water quality & ground water depth monitoring 1.80
4. Soil Quality Monitoring 0.30
5. Monitoring of plantation Survival rate (in-house) --
6. Monitoring of CSR activities (In-house) --
7 Occupational Health 1.50
Total 6.70

6.4 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE COMPANY

6.4.1 Environmental Policy of the Company

M/S. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has declared its environmental policy with
focus on adoption of clean and green technology in all its operations to protect the
environment.

6.4.2 Organisation Set-up

The company has clearly defined duties and responsibilities for the employees. The
organization set up of the company in hierarchial order is given in Figure 6.1.

ORGANIZATION SET UP

Board of Directors

G.M. (Washery)

Environmental Safety Officer Medical Officer Plant in-charge

Environmental Safety Cell Medical Staff & Plant Operation

Management Cell (EMC) First aid & Maintenance
experts Cell
FIGURE 6.1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

6.4.3 Environmental Management Cell

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Environmental Manager having adequate qualification and experience in the field of

environmental management. The structure of EMC is as follows

G.M. (Coal Washery)

External Laboratory Approved by

Environmental MoEF/MPCB & NABL
Manager

Chemist (1) Gardener (1) Water Sprinkler Operators (1)

Field Assistant (1) Unskilled Labour (1)
CSR Manager (1)

FIGURE 6.2: ORGANIZATION CHART FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL

The responsibilities of EMC are as follows:

1. Implementation of pollution control measures as suggested in Environmental
Management Plan and recommended in Environment Clearance
2. Conducting environmental monitoring as per conditions / guidelines stipulated
in EMP and Environmental Clearance through external laboratories approved by
MoEF/MPCB and NABL
3. Ensuring compliance with other conditions stipulated in Environmental
Clearance for the project.
4. Ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in 'Consent to Operate' for
the project.
5. Timely submission of compliance status to MoEF/MPCB
6. Seeking experts guidance, as and when required.
7. Conducting CSR activities in nearby villages.

6.4.4 Audit & Review

Review and audit is essentially a management tool. However, its application is crucial at
the operational level for verification and feedback on the effectiveness of organization
system and environmental performance. Basically, auditing involves in the following
items:

• Line management system

• awareness and training
• Procedures: standards, targets
• Plans: Waste, contingency, pollution control compliance
• Verify environmental impact assessment
• verify mitigation

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• reporting and communication

• documentation
• feedback

Internal Audit:
A system of HSEC auditing will be undertaken at each of the existing and proposed plant
operations and includes the use of trained internal and external auditors. In addition,
auditing should be undertaken to ensure compliance with all the applicable legislations.

Audit Type Frequency:

• Internal: - From other site in-charge every 6 months
• External - independent expert every 12 months
The company shall depute internal / external auditors who are trained and certified as
competent EMS auditors by an independent and external standard organization. The
results of monitoring and auditing shall be regularly reported through the senior
management team to ensure that action items are addressed.

6.4.5 Non-conformity, Corrective Action and Preventive Action

As per the Environmental Policy of the company, non-conformities, corrective actions
and preventive actions shall be managed in accordance with Non conformance,
Preventive and Corrective Action Procedure. This procedure, which relates to all
projects of the company, details the processes to be utilised with respect to the
identification of non-conformances, the application of appropriate corrective actions(s)
to address non-conformances and the establishment of preventive actions to avoid non-
conformances. The key elements of the process include:
1. Identification of Non-conformance and /or Non-compliance
2. Recording of Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance
3. Evaluation of the Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance to determine specific
corrective and preventive actions
4. Corrective and preventive actions to be assigned to responsible persons and
5. Management Review of corrective actions to ensure the status and effectiveness of
the actions

6.4.6 Management Review

A comprehensive review of the objectives and targets associated with the individual
project of the company shall be undertaken on an annual basis via the business planning
(1 year outlook) and business strategy (5 year outlook) processes. These reviews, which
include involvement from the senior site management and other key personnel, assess
the performance of the plant over the previous year and develop goals and targets for
the following period.

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CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The Draft EIA/EMP report for Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery project at village,
Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra is prepared as per the TOR issued by
EAC, MoEF&CC and the report is submitted for public consultation process as per the
provisions of EIA Notification 2006 and amendments thereof.

After completing the public consultation process, the issues raised during the public
hearing and commitment made by the Project Proponent will be incorporated in the
final EIA/EMP report.

7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.2.1 Introduction
Risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant
equivalent and personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards
present in the industry. Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of
the various hazards that are likely to occur in the industry.

The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are Hazard and Operability
(HAZOP) studies, Fault - Tree Analysis (FTA), Event –Tree analysis and, Failure and
Effects Mode analysis. Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the
identification and assessment of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as
result of hazard present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability,
credible accident scenario, vulnerability of populations etc. Much of this information is
difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum
creditable accident studies.

7.2.2 Scope of the Study

The scope of study includes the study of proposed operations, storage and handling of
raw materials with respect to Hazard Identification. Risk Assessment and preparation of
Disaster Management plan. Based on the Hazard Identification and analysis, the major
disaster scenarios would be worked out to estimate the consequence of failure. A
Disaster Management Plan (DMP) would also be evolved to meet the emergency
situation including the occupational health and safety.

7.2.3 Fire Protection System

Fire Protection system have been provided in the railway siding. Additional fire fighting
system will be provided for the proposed coal washery project, as follows:

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• Water tank with 200 KL storage capacity always filled and ready for use.
• Hydrant system covering the entire plant including all important auxiliaries and
buildings.
• The system will be complete with piping, valves instrumentation, hoses, nozzles and
hydrants, valves etc.
• Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam
type will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant.
• Modular type carbon dioxide panel injection fire extinguishing system will be
provided at unmanned electrical and electronic equipment room.

The following pumps will be provided in the fire protection system.

Fire water pumps.

(Fire water reservoir is part of the main water reservoir)
a) AC motor driven fire water pumps for hydrant.
b) Diesel engine driven pump as stand by for the above.
c) Jackey pump 1 no. (AC motor driven) for maintaining pressure.
Suitable number of electric motor driven and diesel engine operated hydrant and spray
pumps with automatic starting will be provided for the above systems.

7.2.4 Methodology of MCA Analysis

The Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA Analysis) involved ordering and ranking of
various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. The following steps were involved
in MCA Analysis.
• Preparation of an inventory of major storages and rank them on the basis of their
hazard properties.
• Identification of potentially hazardous storage sections and representative
failure cases from the vessels and the pipelines.
• Visualization of chemical release scenarios.
• Effect and damage calculation from the release cases through mathematical
modeling.
• Inventory Analysis and Fire & Explosion and Toxicity Index (FETI) are the two
techniques employed for hazard identification process.

7.2.5 Fire & Explosion and Toxicity Index

The role of Fire & Explosion Index (FEI) aids quantitative hazard identification. The
FEI is calculated by evaluating the loss potential of all the units in the storage area and
the hazardous areas were classified accordingly. The role of FEI is
• Identification of the equipment/areas that could likely contribute to the creation
or escalation of incident and relatively rank the incidents.
• Quantification of the expected damage of potential fire and explosion incidents.

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• Preparation of guidelines for mitigating fire hazards.

The loss potential which could actually be experienced under the most adverse
operating conditions is quantitatively evaluated. The FEI is used for any operation in
which a flammable, combustible or reactive material is stored, handled or processed.

FEI = MF x GPH x SPH

Where
MF : Material factor
GPH : General Process Hazard
SPH : Special Process Hazard

Toxicity Index
The Toxicity Index is calculated using the Nh, Ts, GPH and SPH. TI is calculated by the
following formula.
(Nh + Ts) x (1 + GPH + SPH)
TI = -------------------------------------------
100
Where
Nh : Toxicity factor
Ts: Maximum allowable Concentration
GPH : General Process Hazard
SPH : Special Process Hazard

7.2.6 Assessment of Risk at proposed Coal Washery Unit

Based on the storage inventory the following areas are identified as potential safety risk
areas are shown in Table 7.1.

TABLE 7.1: POSSIBLE RISKS FROM THE PROPOSED PLANT

S. No. Area Hazards identified
1 Coal handling plant Fire and/ or dust explosion
2 Coal storage Fire, spontaneous combustion
3 Fuel/Diesel Storage Fire and / or explosion

Coal Handling Plant - Dust Explosion

Coal dust when dispersed in air and ignited may explode in confined places. Crusher
houses and conveyor systems are most susceptible to this hazard. The minimum of
explosive concentration of coal dust (33% volatiles) is 50 grams/m3. Failure of dust
extraction & suppression systems may lead to abnormal conditions and increasing the
concentration of coal dust to the explosive limits. The sources of ignition are
incandescent bulbs, electric equipment & cables, friction & spontaneous combustion in

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accumulated dust. Dust explosion may occur without any warning with maximum
explosion pressure upto 6.4 bars. Another dangerous characteristic of dust explosions is
that it sets off secondary explosions after the occurrence of initial dust explosion.

Stock pile area shall be provided with automatic garden type sprinklers for dust
suppression as well as to reduce spontaneous ignition of coal stock piles, necessary
water distribution network will be provided for distributing water at all transfer points,
crusher house, control room, etc.

A centralized control room with microprocessor based control system has been
envisaged for operation of the coal handling plant. Except locally controlled equipment
like travelling tripper, dust extraction / dust suppression / ventilation equipment, sump
pumps, water distribution system, all other in line equipment will have provision for
local control as well. All necessary inter local control panels will be provided for safe
and reliable operation of the coal handling plant.

Control measures for coal yard

The entire quantity of coal will be stored in separate stack piles, with proper drains
around to collect washouts during the monsoon. Water sprinkling system will be
installed on stockspile to prevent spontaneous combustion and consequent fire hazards.
The stack geometry will be adopted to maintain minimum exposure of stock pile areas
towards predominant wind direction; temperature will be monitored in the stock piles
regularly to detect any rise in temperature inside the stock pile to be enable to control
the same.

7.2.7 Risk & Consequence Analysis of Fire

The principle objective of this study is to identify the potential hazards estimate the
effects of hazards to people both within and outside the plant premises.
• Identification of possible failure cases of the facilities which might affect the
population and property within the plant boundary.
• Assessment of consequential effect on surrounding population, property etc., due to
onset of such failures.
• Suggest recommendations based on consequence analysis relevant to the situations.

Effective Controls
• Ignition sources in the vicinity,
• Pressurization of buildings not having explosion - proof fittings,
• Switching off power supply from a central place,
• Blanket ban on smoking,
• Proper maintenance of flame proof fittings.

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• The thick green belt to be developed will help to mitigate the radiation intensity
level outside plant boundary.

7.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster Management Plan does not prevent the natural disaster and sabotage activities.
However, duties and responsibilities given in this DMP may be followed to deal with
emergencies, arising out of natural disasters and sabotage activities.

7.3.1 Objectives of DMP

• To identify the type of major disaster, that might occur in the plant.
• To prepare an action plan to handle this disaster.
• Identified areas where disasters can occur

The main areas for the disasters are sensitive process areas, all electrical facilities,
storage facilities, material handling systems, etc.

Classification of the severity of accidents

Category I - Operator Level
Category II - Local / Community Level
Category III - Regional / National Level
Category IV - International Level

Out of four categories only Category—I and Category—II of accidents can be considered
for the proposed coal washery project. Other two categories are unlikely to happen in
the Plant.

Category—I
In category-I, disasters may occur due to fire, explosion, oil spills, malfunction of the
machines and spontaneous ignition of inflammable materials. It may affect the work
force health at that facility and even may be on the facilities of the plant. To prevent
these disasters, proposed mitigation measures are discussed in following paragraph.

Category—II
In case of complete failure of all automatic control / warning systems of the different
units, it may lead to disaster which may have the high severity on work force and
facilities of its own and even may be effects on the other facilities surrounding plant.
Probability of these disasters occurrences will be very less because of well qualified and
trained work force will be placed in respected areas.

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7.3.2 Proposed Disaster Preventive Measures

The meaning of disaster itself says when the incident will be out of control then that is
called as disaster. Following are the proposed prevention measures to prevent disasters
and its severity.

• Design & construction of all facilities and machineries will be as per National and
International Codes as applicable in specific cases and lay down by statutory
authorities.
• The operations of the plant will be as per applicable standards laid by the
statutory authorities.
• Provision of adequate access ways for the movement of equipment and work force
will be provided.
• Minimum two numbers of gates for evacuation during disaster will provided.
• All the storage facilities will be marked properly and protected by providing the
fencing around to the storage systems.
• Water hydrants in fuel storage facility.

Fire Fighting
Adequate fire fighting equipment will be provided based on requirement of the
operation and sensitivity of the area. Fire fighting equipment placing and maintenance
will be as per the designated standard and will be looked after by the designated work
force.

Upon receiving the message of ‘Disaster’ from Disaster Controller, fire station control
room will make alert to all work forces by giving disaster siren and coordinate with the
local authorities to get required support from them.

Safety and Training

In the plant, all the workforce and equipment will be provided with safety instruments
like personnel protective equipment, safety valves, safety controls for all the equipment
in the coal washery. In safety section, looking after all the safety related works and
equipment, placing and maintenance of the same will be monitored by the designated
workforce of the plant. Safety department will look after the safety awareness programs
by different means like posters, messages on the notice boards, etc. and safety trainings
in the plant as per requirement of the criticality. Safety training and practical
demonstrations to the selected individuals in each department will be provided.

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Communication
The washery plant will be provided with up-to-date communication, telephonic, visual,
verbal, etc for the workforce to address issues like safety, operations, etc. The
communication modes will be posters, notices to the workforce and individual
intimation overall as well as written.

Contingency Plan
The proposed contingency plan is prepared from the experiences of accidents that have
occurred in various other similar plants. To tackle situations during and after disaster, a
well-defined contingency plan will be essential. A Disaster Control Room (DCR) will be
set up having links with all plant control rooms. An officer will be manning the DCR. On
getting information about any accidents, the officer will verify from the affected plant
control room and inform the Disaster Controller (DC) and / or other coordinator
immediately.

The responsible officers of Disaster Control Group will assemble in the DCR and
formulate control procedure as per the contingency plans. The function of the various
officers of the Disaster Control Group will be as follows.

Functions of Disaster Controller

• To declare “Disaster Emergency” after consulting the Sr. Officer available and
inform Fire Station Control Room to sound the sirens accordingly and arrange to
convey the message in public addresses system
• To report to DCR immediately
• To receive message from the communication centre
• To take decision in consultation with the commanding Officer of different
services and convey them to the disaster point
• To be responsible for planning and provision of assistance from nearby
industries, villages and from local authorities
• The decision of the Disaster Controller on any matter to meet the objective of
disaster control plan will be final

Functions of Officer In–charge

• Disaster Controller will nominate an officer whose function will be as follows:
o To be responsible for the operation of DCR and for the dispatch of messages.
o To decide on the priority of dispatch of messages.
o To keep liaison with all activities and give up to date and accurate
appreciation of the situation.
o To be responsible for the efficient organization of the Disaster Control Room.

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Functions of Commanding Officers of Various Services

The commanding officers of the various services are designated Coordinator (services).
The following are their functions:
• To report to the control post immediately on hearing “Disaster Siren”.
• To report Disaster Controller posted with the up-to date information regarding
manpower and material available concerning their respective services.
• To advise Disaster Controller on all matters arising out of disaster.
• To assist Disaster Controller for provision of material and man power concerning
his services.
• To convey message to his services team through communication centre after
consulting Disaster Controller.
• To consult between them selves on matters related to more than one services
and to decide on the action to be taken.

Casualty services
The commanding officer of casualty services will be medical officer and his main
functions will be like,
• First services by first-aid parties on the spot
• Ambulance services for transport of casualties from the spot to the hospital.

Procedure for Treatment

On getting a signal from the Disaster Control Room or information on telephone or
hearing siren, the sub- commanding officer of the casualty services will report to
hospital and doctors on call duty and first aid personnel will report to disaster control
room. The Ambulance with driver will report to the Disaster Control Room. First aid
parties will render first aid to casualties at the place of occurrence and those requiring
further treatment would be transported to the nearest hospital by ambulance.

First Aid
First aid facilities will be provided at all the critical location in the plant and training will
be provided to the selected workforce at different sections to help the persons at the
time of disaster.

Rescue services
The responsibility of effective working Rescue and Repair services are with Co-
ordinator and Sub-Commanding officer.

Repair Services
This section will look after mainly for the following areas after disaster takes place
• To take up quick repairs of the damaged machinery

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• To take up repair of damaged building roads and culverts.

• To maintain essential public utility services viz. water, electricity,
communication and sewarage system.

Traffic Control
During the disaster, the movement of the safety vehicles and fire fighting vehicles will
be monitored and make the emergency ways free from vehicles to attend the disaster
works by the security of the plant. Persons arriving by motor transport at the location of
fire / emergency must not park their vehicle within 100 meters of fire, near fire
hydrants, at road junction and at access roads. The ignition key should be left in the
vehicles.

Transport Services
The following will be the function of transport services during Disaster.
• Will mobilize all the available vehicles and drivers
• Will arrange vehicles as per requirement for commanding officers, officer In-
charge, etc.
• Will cater to the needs of all fabricating, grinding and machining jobs required.
• Will mobilize mechanical manpower and direct auto-mechanic standby at the
site of fire and at the fire pump house.

Supply Services
This section will look after the purchasing and distribution of the disaster related
equipment and other necessary materials to disaster place. The functions of the supply
service will be:
• Plan and procure the necessary equipment and materials to cater anticipated
disaster well in advance.
• Responsible for the storage and distribution of the equipment and materials on
demand with no time during the disaster.
• To keep the all safety and fire fighting related materials and equipment available
immediately in ready to use condition.

Welfare Services
To look after the workforce welfare, plant will designate the workforce. This workforce
will take care of the plant manpower during the disasters and provides the safe work
culture and life to them. During disaster transporting of the manpower from disaster
place to safe place and arranging the emergency camps depend upon the situations.

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Security Services
The security department will be responsible for the plant security by keeping security
checks at different locations based on the sensitivity of the location. During the disasters
the functions of security will follows:

• Alert the entire workforce about the disaster and its location.
• Update the developments and status of the disaster to the higher officials to take
necessary actions.
• Control the vehicular traffic inside the plant to get way to the safety and fire
fighting vehicles to attend the disaster works immediately.
• Assist the different divisions like fire fighting, safety etc. and local authorities to
make the process easy to handle the disaster works.
• Receive and co-ordinate with police
• Cordon off area and provide road blocks as per instruction
• Review evacuation procedure with police
• Get additional help from barracks

7.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE

Large industries where multiple activities are involved during construction, erection,
testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and machines
are the basic inputs. Along with the booms, the industrialization generally brings
several problems like occupational health and safety.

7.4.1 Anticipated Occupational & Safety Hazards

 Heat Stress & Stroke
• Physical activity
• Extremes of age, poor physical condition, fatigue
• Excessive clothing
• Dehydration
• Cardiovascular disease
• Skin disorders
• Dust Exposure
 Noise
 Illumination
 Burns and shocks due electricity

7.4.2 EMP for the Occupational Safety & Health hazards

The health of workers can be protected by adopting the following measures:
• Proper Designing of building, Work area
• Good Housekeeping practices
• Well engineered ventilation & exhaust system

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• Enclosure
• Isolation of specific areas
• Enforcement of usage of Personal Protective Devices.
• Regular Work Environment Monitoring
• Statistical Monitoring
• Working hours
• Rotation of employees in specific areas to avoid continuous exposure

7.4.3 Occupational Health

Occupational health needs attention both during construction and operation phases.
However the problem varies both in magnitude and variety in the above phases.

7.4.4 Construction & Erection

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can mainly be due to
construction related accidents, dust and noise. To overcome these hazards, in addition
to arrangements required to reduce it within TLV'S, personnel protective equipment
should also be supplied to workers.

7.4.5 Operation & Maintenance

The working personnel should be given the following appropriate personnel protective
equipment.
• Industrial Safety helmets
• Crash helmets
• Face shield with replacement acrylic vision
• Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends
• Welders equipment for eye and face protection
• Ear plugs/ear muffs
• Canister gas masks
• Self contained breathing apparatus
• Leather apron
• Safety belt / line man's safety belt
• Leather hand gloves
• Asbestos hand gloves
• Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm
• Industrial safety shoes with steel toe
• Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots

7.4.6 Occupational Health

 Pre employment checkup will be made mandatory and following tests will be
conducted:

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Plan of evaluation of health of workers

• Chest x rays
• Audiometry
• Spirometry
• Vision testing (Far & near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect)
• ECG
• Haemogram (examination of the blood)
• Urine (Routine and Microscopic)
• Complete physical examination
• Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD)
• Backache
• Pain in minor and major joints
• Fatigue, etc.
 Full fledged hospital facilities shall be made available round the clock for
attending emergency arising out of accidents, if any.
 All workers shall be medically tested once in a year and at the end of his term of
employment.
 Medical records of each employee will be maintained separately and will be
updated as per finding during monitoring.
 Medical records of the employee at the end of his / her term will be updated.
 Periodic health checkups (spirometric tests) will be conducted periodically.

Frequency of Periodical Examination

For employees <30 Years, once in five years
Between 31-50 Years, once in four years
Between 41-50 Years, once in two years
Above >50 years, once a year
 As per statutory requirement, all emission control systems will be installed and
operated to comply with the norms. Secondary fugitive emissions will also be
controlled as per EMP suggested. Hence there will not be any adverse impact due
to dust on the human health.
 Audiometric tests will be carried out for employees working near the noise
prone areas in the plant. The proposed extensive greenbelt development will
help in attenuating the noise levels further.

7.5 SAFETY PLAN

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of
concern. The preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is
known as emergency plan. The disaster in industry is possible due to collapse of
structures and fire / explosion etc. The details of fire fighting equipments to be installed
are given below:

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• Carbon dioxide
• Foam type
• DCP
• Soda acid type
• Fire buckets
• Fire hydrants

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phases, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has formulated
safety policy with the following regulations.
• To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the
design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and
equipment.
• To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions of work.
• To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees.
• To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and
clothing to ensure their proper use.
• To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their
work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health and safety
• To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making
necessary changes from the safety point of view in the light of experience and up
to date knowledge.
• To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries
and illness at work.
• To provide appropriate instructions, training and supervision to employee’s
health and safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these
matters.
• To ensure proper implementation of fire preventive methods and an appropriate
fire fighting service along with training facilities for personnel involved in this
service.
• To publish / notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language
of employees.
• To prepare separate safety rules for each type of process involved.
• To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals
of all buildings, equipment, work places and operations.

7.5.1 Safety Organization

Construction and Erection Phase

A qualified and experienced safety officer will be appointed. The responsibilities of the
safety officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of
workers and advise on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training

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programmes and provide professional expert advice on various issues related to

occupational safety and health.

In addition to employment of safety officer, every contractor, having more than 250
workers with him, should also employ one safety officer to ensure safety of the workers
in accordance with the conditions of the contract.

Operation & Maintenance Phase

When the construction is completed, the posting of safety officers should be in
accordance with the requirement of Factories Act and their duties and responsibilities
should be as defined thereof.

Safety Circle
In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous
processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each
area of work. The circle would consist of 3-5 employees from that area. The circle
normally should meet for about an hour every week.

7.5.2 Safety Training

Safety training to selected employees will be provided at Vocational training centres/

Safety training institutes recognised by the Government. In coal washery plant, Safety
training will be provided by the safety officers with the assistance of faculty members
called from professional safety institutions and universities. In addition to regular
employees, limited contractor labors will also be given safety training to create safety
awareness. Safety films will be shown to workers and leaflets etc. will be distributed.

• Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and
interlocks for alarms are effective protection methods for conveyor galleries.
• Housekeeping of high standard, helps in eliminating the causes of fire and
regular Fire watching system strengthens fire prevention and fire fighting.

7.5.3 Health and Safety Monitoring Plan

All the potential occupational hazardous work places will be monitored regularly. The
health of employees working in these areas will be monitored once in a year.

7.6 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The local areas will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,

increased demand for local products and services. There will be an overall improvement
in the income level of the local people and thereby the quality of life of the people.

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The project creates employment to about 45 persons once the proposed project is
commissioned and for 50 persons during construction stage of proposed project.
Priority will be given to locals for semi-skilled and unskilled workers. With the
development of this plant, there will be lot of scope for secondary employment
opportunities.

The project proponent will undertake various socio-economic welfare activities in the
surrounding villages, once the plant commences production. The management intends
to conduct regular health checkups in the surrounding villages. Also, educational
welfare programs will be taken up. Thus, there will be improvement in the educational
and health status of people in the study area. There will be generally positive and
beneficial impacts by way of economic improvements, transportation, aesthetic
environment and business generation. There will be an overall upliftment of socio-
economic status of people in the area.

7.7 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. has owned 27 Ha of private land for
construction and operation of private railway siding in Tadali village, Tehsil & District
Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The coal washery project is proposed adjacent to the existing
railway siding of the company in the own private land. 7.5 Ha area is demarcated for
establishment of coal washery. There is no habitation in the site proposed for
establishing the coal washery. Hence no Rehabilitation & Resettlement is envisaged in
the proposed coal washery project.

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CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT

The proposed Coal Washery Project will provide direct employment to about 45 persons
and indirect employment opportunities to more than 50 persons from the nearby villages.
Under community development programme, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will
bring benefits to the area in terms of drinking water facilities to nearby villages, assistance
for education, donations to schools, free medical camps, environmental awareness
programmes, etc. This project will create opportunities for small scale businesses in the
nearby villages:

8.2 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER)

As a part of Corporate Environment Responsibility, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.

Ltd. will provide funds for improving the existing facilities like medical and education,
drinking water supply, sanitation, road maintenance etc.
Apart from the above, the Plant management will adopt following social welfare measures
in the nearby villages:
• An amount of Rs. 44.25 Lakh under CER has been allocated for carrying out socio-
Economic welfare measures. The amount earmarked may be increased as and when
required.
• Preference will be given to the local people for employment in the project as per the
eligibility of the people and requirement of the company.
• Regular medical camps will be arranged in the nearby villages and medicines will be
provided free of cost to the needful people.
• Social awareness camps for education, health and hygiene, etc will be conducted on
regular basis in the nearby villages.
• School maintenance, infrastructural development, adult education, etc. programs
will be taken up in the nearby villages.
• Periodic maintenance of local village roads will be carried out.
• Interested local youths will be provided on-the-job industrial training in the project
and suitable candidates will be employed in the project as per the requirement of
the company.
• Various self-help groups will be formed amongst the local people and will be
promoted for generating various household industries. Essential training will be
provided / arranged for such groups.

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8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

The development of the proposed Coal washery will lead to economic up-liftment of the
society through direct and indirect employment opportunities, increased medical,
educational & infrastructural facilities in the nearby areas.

8.3.1 Occupational Health

In order to evaluate the impacts of the project activities on the health of workers, baseline
health studies will be carried out on every worker before joining their duties. The baseline
health status, their habits will be recorded and a log book will be maintained and the same
will be updated every quarter.

The preliminary screening test involves studies on pulmonary impairment & disability
evaluation. Thus, a baseline condition will be established for all the workers and the
records will be maintained in order to evaluate any occupational diseases due to project
activity or aggravation of the existing condition.

8.3.2 Vocational Training to Interested Youth

The project management will provide on-the-job training to the interested youths of the
nearby villages and the eligible candidates will be absorbed by the company as per the
requirement. The project management will also allocate funds for helping the youths from
poor section for higher studies. These funds will be distributed in the form of scholarship
for higher education to the poor.

8.3.3 Upliftment of Scheduled Caste / Tribes and Other Weaker Sections of Society
A programme will be initiated especially keeping in view the scheduled castes and tribes
and economically backward people in the nearby villages to provide training in the field of
their interest, so that they can start their own enterprise like dairy farming, mushroom
farming, sericulture, wood art, home made foods, etc. The management will also provide
monitory assistance to them for establishing their enterprise and also in marketing their
products.

8.3.4 Formation of self-Help groups

The formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) by the focus-members of the identified families
would be an important measure in ensuring the success of the activities being undertaken
for sustainable livelihoods, and particularly for micro-enterprises. The formation of SHG’s

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would therefore be a key step in the Action Programme. The focus-member of the each of
the 100 target families would be formed into SHG’s. The formation of SHG’s would also
assist in obtaining credit for the micro-enterprises from credit and lending institutions and
help in community self monitoring for the repayment of the loans taken and in mutual
assistance amongst member.
SHG’s will also enable the women to avail various government welfare schemes as a group.
In the course of time if these groups can also be federated, the credit available would be
sufficiently large to meet larger requirements. A healthy contribution from the members
would be encouraged
The management will also provide technical and monetary assistance to the existing SHGs
in the area. Thus, the plant management will be deeply committed to the socio-economic
empowerment of all women and girls in the area.

8.4 SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES BASED ON NEED BASED ASSESSMENT

8.4.1 Needs of the population residing in the study area

As per the survey & community consultation carried out in the villages around the
proposed project area, the population residing in the study area has following expectations
from the company:
Focus Areas: Education, Health, Agriculture, Employment (direct as well as indirect), Social
Welfare, Infrastructural Development and Community Economic Development.

8.4.2 Proposed Socio-Economic Welfare Measures under CER

1. Education
• Donation of stationary, furniture, books, etc to schools and anganwadi centres
• Carrying out awareness programmes for importance of education
• Conducting Adult Education Programme through local NGOs
• Provision of Merit Scholarships to school children
• Donation of Books and uniforms to the children of the unprivileged families SC/ST
and weaker section of the villages.

2. Health Facilities
• Conducting periodic medical camps in the villages and distribution of medicines
• Conducting Health awareness programs (On HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Filaria, Respiratory
Tract diseases like Tuberculosis & etc.)
• Distribution of mosquito nets to needful people.

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• Emergency Ambulance services to be extended to villagers in case of emergency

3. Drinking Water Facilities, Drainage & Sanitation

• Assisting Gram Panchayats in construction of bore wells/open wells and water
tanks in the villages.
• Conducting awareness programmes for water conservation, importance of
sanitation facilities and causes of water borne diseases and their preventive
measures, health & hygienic practices.
• Provision of drinking water tankers to the needful people in the dry periods.
• Construction of rainwater harvesting structures
• Support to the local village Panchayats and construct and improve the drainage and
sanitation system in the villages.

4. Roads and Transportation

• Maintenance of village roads through village panchayats and PWD.
• Provision of solar powered street lamps at major village road junctions.
• Due to the proposed project, communication facilities in the area will be improved.

5. Employment
• Preference will be given to local people for employment in the project based on
their qualification and eligibility and requirement of the company.
• Secondary employment opportunities will be generated in contractual works, coal
transportation, other services like garages, shops, hotels, laundry, etc.
• Besides the direct employment, company will provide industrial training to the
interested local unemployed youth.
• Formation of the SHGs/Societies through the process of social mobilization.
• Arranging Vocational training (Fruit, Dairy, Fisheries and Aquaculture / pisciculture,
poultry, cow keeping etc, Arts and Crafts, Tailoring & Embroidering, electrical &
electronic repairs) etc. for local interested youth, especially girls and women.

6. Agriculture
• Conducting agriculture training and information dissemination camps in association
with District Agriculture Department and horticulture experts
• Donation of organic manures, neem based fertilisers and seeds to needy farmers
• Promoting Community Forestry programmes in waste lands available in the villages
• Assistance to Gram Panchayats for developing irrigation facilities for agriculture

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• Conducting awareness camps and programs for water conservation, rainwater
harvesting, etc.
• Development of water sheds in the area through community cooperation.

7. Community Development
• Financial Assistance for construction of community halls, libraries, etc.
• Donations to village fairs, festivals, etc.
• Conducting sports, cultural and religious events and competitions for local children
and distribution of prizes
• Development of sports grounds and parks in open areas in consultation with the
village panchayats for local children and youth.

8.4.3 Implementation Plan and Budget allocation Under CER

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up the social welfare measures during
the construction phase of the plant. A separate team will be deployed for implementation of
the social-economic welfare measures. An action plan will be developed in consultation
with the village panchayats and projects will be initiated based on the priority. All the
socio-economic welfare measures will be initiated from the start of the construction phase.
As per the Notification dated 1.05.2018 issued by MOEF&CC, it is mandatory to prepare
Corporate Environment Responsibility Plan (CER) to spend 2 % of capital investment of the
project on social, economical and peripheral development activities. So, Rs. 2.33Crores will
be allocated for CER based on need of the villages in study area. The activities mentioned in
CER may change based on the issues raised at the time of public hearing.
After successful completion of CER activities, CSR activities will be done in the nearby villages.
CSR activity will be regular feature till the life span of project.
The activities under CER may change as per the points raised at the time of public hearing.
The proposed budget for CER is given in Table 8.1.

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TABLE 8.1: PROPOSED BUDGET FOR CER ACTIVITIES

Capital Cost (Rs. In

Sr. No. Particulars
Lakh)

1 Education facilities 4.5

Donation of books, furniture to village
a 1.5
schools
Donation of stationary, books, scholarships to
b 1.5
poor students
c Adult Education Program 1.5
2 Health & Hygiene 3.0
a Medical Camps in nearby villages 2.0

Awareness campaigns cleaneliness, health &

b 0.5
hygiene, malaria eradication, HIV/AIDS, etc.

c Distribution of Mosquito nets 0.5

3 Drinking water facilities 12.75
Construction/repair of hand pumps in nearby
a 4.0
villages
b Construction of RWH structures 4.75
c Drinking water supply during dry periods 4.0
4 Economic Upliftment 11.0
Arrangement for vocational training to
a 4.0
interested local youth
b Construction of training centers 4.0
c Formation of SHGs 3.0
5 Roads & Transport 3.0
Donation of funds for construction/
a 1.0
maintenance of village roads
b Donation of Solar street lights in villages 2.0
6 Agriculture 5.0
a Distribution of organic manures, seeds, etc. 3.0
b Development of watersheds 2.0
7 Community Development 5.0
Assistance in construction of community
a 2.5
halls, library, etc.
b Donations for village fairs, sports events, etc . 2.5
Total 44.25

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CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

The environmental costs for the project includes costs for controlling adverse impacts
on ambient environment for air quality, noise levels, water resources and quality, land
environment, socio-economic environment, crop productivity, etc. Environmental cost
will be incurred by the company through adoption of pollution control measures to
minimize impacts on the environmental parameters of the area like:

Air Pollution Control Measures

Provision of bag filter, enclosures to conveyors, fixed and mobile water sprinklers, black
topped / concreted internal roads, green belt development in and around plant
premises and along transport roads, etc. will be adopted to control dust from the coal
washery.

Noise Control Measures

Necessary noise control measures like accoustic enclosures to stationary equipment,
provision of acoustic barriers, development of thick green belt, periodic maintenance of
machineries and equipment, etc will be carried out. Ear plugs/ear muffs will be
provided to workers exposed to high noise generating areas.

Water Pollution Control Measures

To minimise fresh water requirement and to avoid disposal of wastewater outside plant
premises, entire process effluent generated during coal washing will be recycled and
reused in the plant. Storm water run-off from the plant premises will be collected in
settling tanks and will be used for dust suppression and plantation. The plant will
operate on ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ Principle.

Land degradation control Measures

Land use of the plant area will be changed. The land will be levelled or reclaimed
through overlaying of excavated soil and use it for thick plantation in 33% of the plant

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area. The plantation will improve the aesthetic view of the plant area and also act as a
barrier for arresting the dust and attenuation of noise.

Socio-economic conditions
The proposed coal washery will generate direct and indirect employment opportunities
for the local people. Also, there will be improvement in the sandard of living in the
nearby villages due to the CSR activities conducted by the company. The development in
the area will also support to increase the economic growth and thereby the quality of
life of the people.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

The environmental benefits of use of washed coal are given below:
• Increased power generation efficiency, mainly due to the reduction in energy loss as
inert material passes through the combustion process
• Improvement in plant utilization factor resulting in increased plant availability
• Reduced investment costs
• Reduced operation and maintenance (O&M) costs due to less wear and reduced
costs for fuel and ash handling
• Energy conservation in the transportation sector and lower transportation costs
• Less impurities and improved coal quality thus reduction in fuel consumption
• Reduced smoke and dust emission thus reduction in load on the air pollution control
system
• Reduction in the amount of solid waste that has to be disposed off due to low ash.
Due to this there will be reduction in ash disposal area
• Reduction in auxiliary power consumption
• Reduction /elimination in fuel oil support
• Reduction in furnace wall slagging, boiler tube leakage, clinker formation, abnormal
erosion etc.
• Improvement in boiler efficiency and reduction in running maintenance of boiler
and its auxiliaries
• Reduction in outage/down time in coal mills due to absence of foreign material.

It is imperative to mention here that the washery reject coal is also utilised in CFBC
based thermal power plants for power generation. Thus, there is no solid waste
generation from the coal washery process and the entire quantity of raw coal brought
for washing is consumed in industrial activities.

9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

After analysing the environmental costs involved in the washing of raw coal produced
from the coal mines and environmental benefits arising out of use of the washed coal, it

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can be concluded that the use of washed coal is much more beneficial as compared to
the cost involved for environmental protection measures required for the coal washing
process.

Apart from the tangible benefits, there are other intangible benefits of the project. The
washing plant helps to increase the economic growth of the state/nation through
utilisation of washed coal in various industries for the manufacturing of allied products
in iron and steel industries and the power plant with reduced pollution control cost.

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CHAPTER 10:ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

CHAPTER 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan is the key to ensure a safe and clean environment. An
industry may have taken proper pollution control measures but without a management
plan to assure its proper functioning, the desired results may not be obtained. The
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development
in the area of the proposed Coal washery. Hence it needs to be an all encompassive plan
for which the industry, government, regulating agencies like Pollution control Boards
working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area
need to extend their co-operation and contribution.

The Environmental Management Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to
the possible extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment
measures before they are discharged. A comprehensive environmental management
plan consists of pollution control measures for abatement of the undesirable impacts.
Post project environmental monitoring programme is followed after commissioning of
the project for prevention of any unwanted environmental situation. The environmental
management plan delineates various pollution control measures for mitigating
environmental impacts identified during the construction and operation phases of the
proposed coal washery project. The impact assessment study has examined the extent
to which these impacts are likely to occur and can be controlled through the adoption of
mitigation measures. The Environment Management Plan describes both standard and
site-specific pollution control measures so as to mitigate potential impacts associated
with the proposed activities.

10.1 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND

CONSERVATION

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd has laid down a comprehensive Environmental
Policy duly approved by its Board of Directors.

The proposed coal washery project will be supervised and controlled by an independent
General Manager (washery) supported by adequate team of technically qualified
personnel apart from the operating staff of skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and other
categories.

Environment Management Cell has been established headed by Environmental

Manager. The Organizational Structure for Environment Management is presented in
Figure 10.1.

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ORGANIZATION SET UP

Board of Directors

G.M. (Washery)

Environmental Safety Officer Medical Officer Plant in-charge

Environmental Safety Cell Medical Staff & Plant Operation

Management Cell (EMC) First aid & Maintenance
experts Cell
FIGURE 10.1: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

The Environmental Engineer will be responsible for environment management

activities in the coal washery project. Basically, this cell will assists and guide washery
operations team during production, waste management processes and other
environmental issues. Besides this, cell will supervise the monitoring of environmental
pollution levels viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level either
departmentally or by appointing external agencies. In addition, the cell will also involve
in collection of statistics of health of workers, afforestation and green belt development
& submission of periodical reports to the respective statutory authorities.

In case, the environmental monitoring results are found to exceed the permissible
limits, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and gets these
suggestions implemented through the concerned authorities.

10.2 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ACTION PLAN PROPOSED

FOR MITIGATION DURING PLANT OPERATION PHASE

Anticipated adverse environmental impacts from the coal washery project and
corresponding proposed mitigation measures are given in Table 10.1.

TABLE 10.1: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED ACTION

PLAN FOR MITIGATION OF IMPACTS DUE TO PROPOSED COAL WASHERY
Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed
Component Activities
• Provision of wind barriers
Storage of raw Dust (SPM/RPM) • Fixed water sprinklers
Ambient Air
coal, washed emissions, • Reducing stacking time &
Quality
coal & rejects spontaneous ignition quantity
• Development of greenbelt

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Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Component Activities
around stockyard
• Provision of enclosure to coal
unloading point at coal hopper
Emissions
• Provision of fog system / water
from
sprinklers at unloading point
unloading to
Dust emissions • Provision of enclosures to coal
coal bunker &
conveyors
from coal
• Provision of water sprinklers
conveyors
at transfer points along belt
conveyors
• Provision of enclosures to
Rotary
crushers and screens
breaker, Coal
Dust emissions • Provision of Bag house to
Crushing &
arrest dust from crushing
Screening
activities
• Provision of fixed water
sprinklers along railway siding
Unloading and
• Provision of closed conveyor
loading
Dust emissions system for loading of railway
activities at
wagons
railway siding
• Thick plantation around
railway siding
• Provision of dust masks to all
workers exposed to dust
generating areas
Excessive • Pre-employment and periodic
occupational medical examination of all
All activities exposures of employees for respiratory
workers to airborne diseases
particulate matter. • Periodic monitoring of ambient
air quality at 4 locations within
the plant area and in 4 nearby
villages.
Use of ground Depletion of ground • Maximize recovery of water
water for coal water table from process and recycle and
Water washing reuse of process effluent to
Environment process minimize fresh water
requirement in the plant.
• Adoption of rainwater

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Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Component Activities
harvesting system in plant
premises and in nearby villages
to improve ground water
recharge.
• Obtaining NOC from CGWA for
ground water drawal.
Storm Water Silt & coal particles • Provision of storm water
run-off wash off from plant drainage network within plant
area & pollution of premises and collection of
surface water surface run-off in a series of
bodies outside plant settling tank.
premises. • Use of the storm water for coal
washing process after proper
settling and filtration.
Waste water Pollution of • Process effluent will be re-
generated receiving water circulated in process after
from washery, bodies or land proper treatment.
domestic surfaces if • Domestic effluent will be
effluent, etc. discharged treated in package type STP
untreated and the treated effluent will
be used for dust suppression
and plantation.
• Surface run-off will be passed
through settling tanks
followed by oil & grease trap
and will be used in the
process.
• Zero Effluent Discharge will
be maintained.
Hydrogeology Plant Impact on drainage • No natural drains in the
and Drainage construction pattern proposed plant area.
pattern • Storm water will be collected
in settling tanks through
network of drains and will be
used in coal washing process.
• No impact on drainage pattern
outside plant premises.

Ambient noise Crushing & High noise levels and • Design and layout of building

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Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Component Activities
levels screening, DG noise related to minimize transmission of
sets, conveyor community noise
belts, coal annoyance • Use of inbuilt noise control
transport, etc. system with plant equipment
and machinery;
• Periodic maintenance of
equipment and machinery;
• Provision of acoustic
enclosures to stationary
equipment;
• Provision of sound proof
cabins to wheel loaders &
other HEMMs;
• Provision of ear muffs/ear
plugs to workers exposed to
high noise areas;
• Job rotation for workers
working in high noise
generating areas;
• Development of thick green
belt around plant boundary
and plantation within plant
premises;
• Periodic monitoring of noise
levels in the plant premises
and in nearby villages;
Land Plant Change in landuse of • Thick plantation around plant
Environment construction, core zone premises to improve aesthetic
Dust due to Impact on soil view of the area.
coal handling quality in • Adopting adequate air
and transport surrounding areas pollution control measures to
due to deposition of control dust emissions during
coal dust. coal handling and coal
transportation
• Transport of coal through
railway wagons
• Covered transport of coal.
• Periodic monitoring of soil
quality in surrounding areas.

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Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Component Activities
Biological Plant Displacement of • Project site located in private
Environment construction, existing fauna. land adjacent to existing
(Flora and Dust due to industrial area, devoid of
Fauna) coal handling Loss of existing natural vegetation. Dense
and transport vegetation plantation will be developed
in operation in and around the project site.
phase • Plantation of thick green belt
using local plant species
• Adoption of suitable dust
control measures to avoid
impact on vegetation
• Plantation along railway
siding to arrest dust.
Occupational Overall Coal Respiratory • Implementation of noise and
Health & Safety washery diseases, fugitive dust emission
operation and Annoyance, sleep controls and management
coal disturbance due to measures.
transportation exposure to high • Implementation of water
noise levels, HAVS, quality management,
VWF due to conservation and control
excessive exposure measures.
to vibrations, • Adoption of Zero Effluent
accident, Discharge Practice
electrocution, fall • Provision of Personal
from height, etc. Protective Equipment to all
the workers employed in
•Community washery
annoyance from • Conducting pre-employment
dust deposition. and periodic health check-up
Potential for risk of • Conducting pre-employment
harm to personnel and refresher safety training
and the local programs to all employs of the
community. washery
• Maintaining proper house-
•Contamination of keeping.
land and water • Adopting job rotation to avoid
through excessive exposure to high
inappropriate dust concentrations and high
disposal of waste noise levels.

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Environmental Project Impacts Action Plan Proposed

Component Activities
products, including • On-site first aid facilities along
sewage and with ambulance facilities will
hazardous wastes. be provided
• Development of an emergency
response plan that includes
installation of emergency
response equipment to
combat events such as fire. All
personnel required to handle
hazardous materials will be
provided with personal
protective equipment suitable
for the hazardous material
being handled.
Socio-economic Coal washery Increase in • Direct employment to about
Aspects and coal employment 45 local persons and many
transportation opportunities both more persons will be
direct and indirect benefited from indirect
thereby increasing employment opportunities.
economic status of • Improvement in the socio-
people of the region. economic status of the nearby
villages.
• The company will conduct
various socio-economic
welfare activities and
infrastructure improvement
measures in the nearby
villages.
• An Amount of Rs. 44.25 Lakh
have been earmarked for
implementation of the CER
activities in the nearby
villages.

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10.3 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The details of Environmental Management Plan for different environmental protection

and control activities along with capital and annual recurring cost are given in Table
10.2.

The capital cost of the proposed coal washery project is approx. Rs 22 Crores. It is
proposed to invest an amount of Rs. 222.3 Lakh as capital cost and Rs. 72.25
Lakh/annum as recurring expenses towards implementation of Environmental
Management Plan.

TABLE 10.2: BUDGET ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

S. No. Description of item Capital Cost, Recurring cost,
Rs. in Lakh Rs. in Lakh
1 Air Pollution Control Measures 142 36.4
Bag House to crusher 70 10.5
Fixed Water sprinklers 18 5.4
Mobile water sprinklers 15 5
Enclosures to belt conveyors 12 1.5
Blacktopping of internal roads 15 6
Dust control at railway siding /along 12 8
transport road
2 Water pollution control measures 49.3 10.1
Thickener 30 14
Storm water drains 8 1.5
Oil & grease trap 0.8 0.2
Settling tanks 2.5 0.4
Rainwater harvesting structures 12 0.5
Filter press technology 16 4
Sewage Treatment Plant 10 3.5
3 Green belt development 6.5 3.25
4 Occupational Health & Safety 3.5 1.3
Provision of PPE 2 0.8
Medical examination 1.5 0.5
5 Socio-economic Welfare Measures 15 11.5
6 Environmental Monitoring Program 0 6.7
7 Miscellaneous 6 3
Total 222.3 72.25
Note: The budget may increase as per actual requirement during plant operations in the
subsequent years.

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CHAPTER 11: SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Private Limited is the incorporated organisation under
Companies Act, 1956, established in the year 2006. M/s. Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.
Ltd.has Railway sidings which cater to the needs of the clients with its handling and logistics
services currently in the field of coal, cement, iron ore, manganese, gypsum and bauxite
inexpensively and quickly. The company has its first private Railway siding near Siliyari
Railway Station and a second private siding is located near Bhupdeopur Railway Station,
Chhattisgarh. Railway sidings of these locations are governed under South East Central
Railway. As a third step the private siding is constructed at Tadali, near the industrial cluster
of MIDC, Dist. Chandrapur, Maharashtra under Central Railway.

Now, looking at the prospective of demand for washed coal, availability of raw coal in the
vicinity and availability of own railway siding, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd, has
decided to venture into Coal Washery business. For this, the company proposed to establish a
1.5 MTPA coal washery adjacent to their existing railway siding at Tadali village, Tehsil &
District – Chandrapur, Maharashtra state.

11.1.1 Identification of Project

Looking to the demand of washed coal, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. decided to
set up a 1.5 MTPA coal washery. For establishing the coal washery, company has selected own
land adjacent to the existing railway siding of the company at Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District
- Chandrapur, Maharashtra. An area of 7.50 Ha has been earmarked for the coal washery
project. Cost of the proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery is estimated as approx. Rs. 22.0 Crore.

11.1.2 Location of the Project

The proposed coal washery area will be located in own private land of M/s Vimla
Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. in Village- Tadali, Tehsil & District - Chandrapur, Maharashtra.
The project area and 10 km radius study area falls in Toposheet no. 55 P/4 & 55 M/1 on R.F.
1:50,000. The project falls within Latitude: 20° 0'29.64"N to 20° 0'44.54"N and Longitudes
79°10'12.08"E to 79°10'27.03"E.

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11.2 DRAFT EIA/EMP REPORT

Proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is
classified as “Category A” as per the EIA notification dated on 14th September, 2006. Baseline
environmental monitoring was conducted in line with the ToR during Summer 2019 i.e.
March 2019 to May 2019 for determining the status of ambient air quality, ambient noise
levels, surface and groundwater quality, soil quality, status of flora, fauna and eco-sensitive
areas and socio-economic status of the villages within 10 km radius study area. The
observations of the studies are incorporated in the draft EIA/EMP report. Impacts of the
proposed project activities during construction and operation stages were identified and duly
addressed in the draft EIA/EMP report alongwith the proposed management plan to control /
mitigate the impacts. Environmental Management Plan is suggested to implement the
pollution control measures in the project.

TABLE 11.1: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

Sr. No. Particulars Details
Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery (Wet
1 Name of the Project
process)
Village - Tadali, Tehsil - Chandrapur,
2 Location
District - Chandrapur, State - Maharashtra
7.50 Ha
Private land owned by company. Proposed site
3 Total area & present landuse
is located adjacent to the existing Railway
siding of the company.
4 Site elevation 211 to 214 m MSL
5 SoI Toposheet No. 55 P/4
6 Nearest IMD station IMD, Chandrapur
7 Site topography Flat
Chandrapur – Nagpur State Highway (SH 264) :
8 Nearest highway
1.7 KM NE
Tadali Railway Station: 2.2 Km, NE
9 Nearest railway station Bhadrawati Railway station: 10 km NNW
Chandrapur Railway Station: 17 Km SE
Morwa Airstrip: 5.4 km E
10 Nearest airport
Nagpur Airport: 120 km N
Wardha River: 6.0 km W
11 Nearest rivers
Irai River: 9.3 km SE
12 Nearest port None within 10 km radius
13 Nearest town Chandrapur, 14 Km E
14 District headquarters Chandrapur, 14 Km E
15 Nearest state/ national None within 10 km radius

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Sr. No. Particulars Details

boundaries
Nearest major city with 2,00,000
16 Chandrapur, 14 Km E
population
Sakharwai, 1.5 Km NNW
17 Nearest village
Tadali: 2.8 km NE
19 Nearest tourist place Mahakali Temple, Chandrapur 15.6 km SE
There are several Archaeological monuments in
20 Archaeological sites Chandrapur city beyond 10 km radius from the
project site.
Protected areas as per wildlife
protection act 1972 (tiger
reverses, elephant reserve, Tadoba-Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive
21
biospheres, national parks zone : approx. 15 km NE
wildlife sanctuaries, community
reserves & conservation reserves)
Bhandak Reserved Forest: 9.1 km NE
22 Reserved/protected forests
Morwa Reserved Forest: 1.4 km E
Seismic Zone II (Low Damage Risk Zone: MSK
23 Seismicity
VI or Less)
24 Defence Installations Ordinance Factory Bhadravati, 12.0 km N
MIDC Tadali is located near the proposed
25 Other industries in 10 km radius project site. Also, coal mines of Wani area are
located within 10 km radius.

11.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

11.3.1 Process Description

The proposed washery will process about 1.50 MTPA raw coal and produce about 1.059
MTPA clean Coal at an average yield of 70.6%. The washery will operate for effective 6000
hours annually. The hourly average capacity of the plant will be approximately 250 TPH
(average). The proposed washery will consist of the following sections:

1 Raw Coal Section:

A 250 TPH capacity unit will be constructed and 20% extra over the average capacity will be
provided to meet seasonal variations in the production of open cast coal mines. One ground
hopper will be provided to receive raw coal from tipping trucks. Vibratory feeder will be
provided below each hopper to reclaim coal from the hopper and load on to the associated
belt conveyor. The conveyor will elevate coal and discharge the same on the associated
double deck primary screen. The primary screen separates coal into fines (0-10mm), sized
coal (-60 + 10 mm) and oversize coal (+60-250 mm) fractions. The +60 -250 mm oversize

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coal from the picking conveyor, after removal of stones, will then be fed to a double roll
crusher to reduce the size down to (-)50mm. The crushed coal from the crusher and the (-60
+ 10 mm) sized coal from primary screen will be collected on a belt conveyor which will
elevate and discharge in an overhead surge bunker. Coal from the surge bunker will be
reclaimed with the help of vibratory feeder and discharged on a belt conveyor for elevating
and discharging in the wet box provided in HM cyclone house.

2 Washing section:
HM Section: In this circuit (+) 10 mm to (-) 50 mm fraction will be treated to improve the
quality. The circuit consists of the following:

De- Sliming section:

The raw coal conveyor from the surge bunker will discharge coal in a wet box. From the wet
box the pulp will flow down on to a de-sliming screen of 250tph capacity. Water is sprayed
over the de-sliming screen with the help of spray nozzles to remove slimes of 0.5 mm size.
The over flow from de-sliming screen will be carried to correct media tank and under flow of
de-sliming screen will be carried to fine coal tank/ classifying cyclone sump.

Correct Media tank & HM Cyclones:

One number HM cyclone sump of suitable capacity with center tube lined with suitable liners
will be provided to receive over flow from the de-sliming screen. The pulp consisting of coal,
water and magnetite of required density will be pumped to two numbers of HM cyclones each
to separate the pulp into two fractions namely clean coal and rejects. The density of the slurry
will be changed as per requirement to achieve optimum yield as per the quality parameters of
raw coal. The over flow i.e. clean coal will be discharged on D&R screen (single deck screen).
The over flow from D&R screen will be fed to a belt press to remove excess water. Coal from
belt press will be discharged on clean coal conveyor and the slurry/ pulp will be taken to fine
coal tank. The heavy media will be taken a splitter box from where it will normally be taken to
correct media tank with an option for transferring to dilute media tank.

The under flow (rejects) of heavy media cyclone will be taken to a horizontal refuse screen
through a fixed sieve bend. The dense media from below the sieve bend and first catch pan of
D&R screen will be taken to splitter box. The overflow from the D&R screen will be
transported to overhead hopper for storage and then loading into trucks for further
transportation.

Magnetite will be charged into the dilute media tank with the help of magnetite charging
pump to improve the pulp density. Density gauge will be fitted before the density adjustment
tank for controlling the addition of media in dilute media tank.

Fine coal circuit:

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the high frequency screen will be discharged on clean coal conveyor or reject conveyor as per
quality parameters and the under flow from the high frequency screen will be taken to a high
rate thickener.

Clean coal section:

Coal from belt press of HM circuit, over flow from the high frequency screen and cake from
belt press of fine coal circuit will be stored in overhead hoppers. Trucks will be loaded below
these hoppers for transporting to the siding to dispatch by rail wagons to distant consumers.

Reject section:
Over flow from the rejects D&R screen of HM section will be stored in overhead hoppers.
Trucks will be loaded below the hoppers for transporting the same to user industries located
in the vicinity or to the railway siding for transportation by rail.

Fine coal (<10 mm size):

Fine coal without beneficiating will be stored in the overhead hoppers. Trucks will be loaded
below the hoppers for transporting to railway siding for loading along with the washed coal
fractions as per requirement.

Wagon Loading section:

Private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. is located adjacent to the
proposed coal washery site. Existing in motion type electronic weigh bridge at the railway
siding will be used to weigh loaded wagons for preparing RRs.

11.3.2 Raw Coal Requirement, Source & Mode of Transport

The coal will be sourced from nearby coal mines of Western Coalfield Limited (WCL), located
in Chandrapur & Wani area.

Since the washery site is located close to the WCL mines in Chandrapur and there is existing
railway siding adjacent to the proposed plant site, raw coal will be transported to the plant
mostly by rail. In case of non-availability of rail facility at the mine site, coal will be
transported by road in covered trucks.

Washed Coal and rejects will be supplied to nearby Power plants. The mode of transport of
washed coal will be by rail. Only in case of absence of railway facility at user industry, road
transport will be used. Adjacent railway siding of the company will be used for coal transport.

11.3.3 Solid waste generation & Management

In the proposed coal washery, it is proposed to process 1.5 MTPA raw coal in the. About 30%
of raw coal i.e. 0.441 MTPA washery reject coal will be generated from the proposed coal

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washery. Rejects generated during coal washing process can be used for power generation in
CFBC technology based power plants. Coal Washery rejects will be given to Power plants
operating on CFBC technology in the vicinity of the proposed washery. The reject coal will be
transported by means of rail / road based on the facilities available at the user industries. The
reject coal will be transported by covered trucks in case of road transport.

11.3.4 Water Requirement & Source

Total daiily make up water requirement for the proposed 1.5 MTPA wet coal washery is
estimated to be 6,798 m3/d. Out of this, 6412m3/d water will be recycled and reused in the
process and only 386 m3/d water will be supplied from outside. Permission for drawal of
ground water will be obtained from CGWB.

11.3.5 Manpower Requirement

During the construction phase work will be generated for skilled, semiskilled and unskilled
labors. Technical persons will be recruited during the operation phase. The project creates
direct employment to about 45 person once the plan comes to the operational stage and for
50 people during construction stage.

11.3.6 Site Infrastructure

The coal washery is proposed in Tadali Village, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra.
The proposed site is located adjacent to existing MIDC Tadali area.

Site facilities: For efficient plant operation, infrastructure facilities like office, store, rest area,
drinking water facilities, urinals, latrines, canteen, first aid centre, etc will be made available
within the plant premises. Internal black topped (tar) roads will be developed. An ambulance
facility will be kept ready to attend any medical emergency occurred during construction and
plant operation phase.

11.4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

11.4.1 Baseline Environmental Studies

Baseline environmental studies were carried out within 10 km radius of the proposed coal
washery project area to assess the existing environmental scenario in the area. For the
purpose of EIA studies, project area was considered as the core zone and area outside the coal
washery upto 10 km radius was considered as buffer zone. The baseline environmental
monitoring for various components of environment, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, soil, ecology
was carried out during summer season i.e. March to May 2019 in the study area covering 10
km radial distance from the coal washery area. Other environmental data on flora and fauna,
land-use pattern, forests, socio-economic status, etc. were also generated through field
surveys and secondary information collected from different state Govt. departments.

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11.4.2 Meteorology & Ambient Air Quality

Summary of Site Specific Meteorological data
Temperature (°C) 19.2°C to 46.5°C
Relative Humidity (%) 16% to 52%
Predominant Wind Direction SE (13.6%)
Average wind speed 2.28m/s
Calm wind % 10.73%

Ambient Air Quality Status

The status of ambient air quality within the study area was monitored for Summer season
during March to May 2019 at 8 locations including the proposed coal washery area and in
nearby villages. The sampling locations were selected based on the meteorological conditions
considering upwind, downwind and crosswind directions. The levels of Respirable Particulate
Matter (PM10), Fine Particulates (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2,) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
were monitored. The minimum and maximum values of monitoring results are summarized
in Table 11.2.

Table 11.2: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Station Location Description PM10, PM2.5, SO2 NOx
code (μg/m )3 (μg/m )3 (μg/m )3 (μg/m3)
Minimum 44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6
A1 Project Site
Maximum 65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3
Chichala Minimum 41.3 22.6 8.9 17.0
A2
village Maximum 56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7
Minimum 39.9 22.8 11.2 16.3
A3 Goraja village
Maximum 51.3 31.8 21.8 32.7
Sonegaon Minimum 43.4 20.5 14.2 14.6
A4
village Maximum 55.2 34.7 21.5 36.9
Minimum 44.3 23.2 12.5 18.4
A5 Tadali village
Maximum 58.1 31.1 20.5 34.7
Marodia Minimum 44.3 20.6 11.4 18.4
A6
village Maximum 57.4 33.6 20.9 32.7
Ghuggus Minimum 45.1 21.6 11.2 19.3
A7
village Maximum 63.7 35.8 22.3 35.1
Sakharwahi Minimum 40.4 25.9 10.3 16.3
A8
village Maximum 50.7 32.6 16.3 28.2
NAAQ Standard 100 (24 hrs) 60 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs) 80 (24 hrs)

From the above results, it is observed that the ambient air quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5,
SO2 and NOx at all the monitoring locations was within the permissible limits.

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11.4.3 Ambient Noise Levels

Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out at the 8 monitoring locations, those were
selected for ambient air quality monitoring. The monitoring results are given in Table 11.3.

Table 11.3: Summary of Ambient Noise Level Monitoring Results

Station Code Location Range [LEQ IN dB(A)] Ld, Ln,
Minimum Maximum dB(A) dB(A)
N1 Project site 41.6 51.9 46.18 44.2
N2 Tadali village 41.0 48.5 44.52 43.67
N3 Sakharwahi village 41.2 48.7 44.72 43.87
N4 Chargaon village 40.8 50.6 46.96 41.97
N5 Morwa village 43.4 50.9 46.92 46.07
N6 Yerur village 41.6 49.1 45.12 44.27
N7 Mursa village 39.6 49.4 45.76 40.97
N8 Sonegaon village 42.3 49.8 45.82 44.97

11.4.4 Surface and Ground Water Resources & Quality

Water Resources
The proposed project site is almost flat area with elevation ranging from 211 to 213 m MSL..
There is no habitation in or adjacent to the project site. There is no perennial or seasonal
surface water body in or adjacent to the proposed coal washery area. The surface run-off
during monsoon joins nearby seasonal streams.
The general slope of the area is towards south and east. Wardha river, Erai River and Sarai
nala forms the major drainage of the study area. Erai river (9.30 km E) flows from North to
south and joins Wardha river(6.0 km W) at about 20 km SE of the project area. Tadali lake
(4.0 km NE) is another major surface water body in the study area. Sarai nala (3.5 km SW)
and Kantiya Nala (8.7 km NE) are seasonal surface water bodies in the study area. Apart from
these, there are some seasonal streams flowing in the study area. Also, there are a number of
village ponds in the study area of the project.

The project site is located in Chandrapur tehsil of Chandrapur District. The formation exposed
in site location comprises of sequence of Kamthi Barakar Sandstones and Maleri – Talcher
Shale which comes under Gondwana Formation. The elevation observed at project site is
about 211m to 213m. The depth to water level observed in the area ranged from 10m to 20m
bgl during Pre-monsoon and 5m to 10m bgl during Post-monsoon season. Most of the wells
have a falling trend in water level in the range of 0 to 0.20 m (CGWB, Chandrapur Report,
2013). The entire Chandrapur district falls in ‘Safe’ category of ground water development as
stage of ground water development is 14.61% , which is much less than specified limit of
70%.

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Water Quality
The existing status of groundwater and surface water quality was assessed by identifying 8
ground water (Bore wells) locations in different villages and 5 surface water samples.

Surface water Quality

The pH of the surface water samples collected was 7.2 to 7.4 and within the acceptable limit
of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solids were found in the range of 193 - 462 mg/l and are
within the acceptable limit at all locations. The total hardness varied between 97 - 269 mg/l
and is observed to be within acceptable limit at all locations. In all samples, iron content
varied in between 0.14 - 0.33 mg/l, Nitrate in between 1.3 – 5.9 mg/l, fluoride varied between
0.2 - 0.3 mg/l, chloride 11.8 – 42.7 mg/l, Sulphate 34.0 – 88.7 mg/l, alkalinity 105 – 229 mg/l,
calcium 39.8 – 60.9 mg/l and magnesium in between 9.8 – 21.3 mg/l in all samples. Coliform
organisms are observed to be in the range of 11 to 96 MPN/100 ml. It was observed from the
analysis that, the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface water samples are within
permissible limits for all the parameters except for colofirm organisms. Coliform organisms
are observed in all the samples. Thus, the water from all these can be used for drinking &
domestic use after proper primary treatment and disinfection.

Groundwater Quality
The pH of the water samples collected ranged from 7.1 to 7.5 and within the acceptable limit
of 6.5 to 8.5. The total dissolved solids were found in the range of 426 - 689 mg/l and is
exceeding the acceptable limit at 6 locations. The total hardness varied between 234 - 418
mg/l and is observed to exceed acceptable limit at all locations but are within permissible
limits at all locations. In all samples, iron content varied in between 0.1 - 0.3 mg/l, Nitrate in
between 0.32 – 1.36 mg/l, fluoride varied between 0.2 - 0.4 mg/l, chloride 34.3 – 102.3 mg/l,
Sulphate 51.6 – 121.2 mg/l, alkalinity 237 – 302 mg/l, calcium 71.4 – 99.2 mg/l and
magnesium in between 14.6 – 52.4 mg/l. The overall ground water quality was found to be
good with slightly higher hardness. The levels of heavy metals content were found to be
within permissible limits. Thus, the ground water is required can be used for drinking and
domestic use after necessary primary treatment, softening and disinfection.

11.4.5 Land use Land Cover classification

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Table 11.4: LU/LC classes and their coverage within 10 km radius

LULC Class Area (Sq. Km.) %
Cropland 215.21 65.63
Deciduous 0.39 0.12
Fallow land 7.46 2.28
Mining 16.47 5.02
Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds 6.83 2.08
River/ Stream/ Canals 5.71 1.74
Rural 4.72 1.44
Scrub Forest 5.51 1.68
Scrub land 53.46 16.30
Urban 12.15 3.71
Total 327.91 100.00

11.4.6 Soil Quality

For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing
soil conditions in and around the proposed project site representing various land use
conditions. The physical, chemical properties and heavy metals concentrations were
determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth
of 15-20 cm. Total 3 samples within the study area were collected and analyzed.

From the analysis results of the soil samples, it was observed that the soil was low to medium
fertile and having low productivity. The soil in the study area needs additional fertilizers for
improving the fertility status and increase in crop productivity. Overall the soil quality in the
area was found to poor to medium fertile with moderate productivity.

11.4.7 Biological Environment

Forests
The project site is located adjacent to private railway siding of M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd. and MIDC Tadali Industrial area. Forest area in the study area includes
Morwa Reserved Forest (1.4 km E) and Bhandak Reserved Forest (9.1 km NE). Tadoba-
Andhari Tiger reserve Ecosensitive zone is located at approx. 15 km NE of the project site.
There is no other forest area, National Park, Wildlife sanctuary or Biosphere reserve within
the 10 km radius study area of the project.

Flora
Flora (Plant Species): The forest mainly comprises of moist deciduous mix forests. Some of
the common trees present in this area are Mango, Arjun, Bel, Bija, Jamun, Ain, Behada,
Shishamtendu, Hirda, Haldu, Kuda, Kusum, Bamboo, Kadam and many others. The main
species of grasses includes Gawat, Mussam, Khus, Kusal and Chirkhus. Shrub species like
Kuda, Tarota, Kudgudi, Tarwad, Gokhru & Neel are also present extensively. Gond and Madia

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tribes are the main tribes that reside in the jungles. They still completely depend upon the
forest for living & fulfill their need for food, timber, grass and wood. Madia and Gondi are
their languages.
Fauna

The core zone is located adjacent to existing railway siding and is located near the MIDC
Tadali industrial area, wherein some industries are already operating, there is no wild
animals observed within or in the vicinity of the project site. Wild fauna occassionaly
observed in the project site comprise of common small animals such as Five striped squirrel,
Field rat, Common house rat, common grey mongoose, Hanuman Langur, etc and birds like
Blue rock piegeon, House crow, Pariah kite, Myna, Koel, etc.

From the forest working plan, it is known that Chital, Sambhar and Nilgai cause damage to the
crop. So also wild boar uproots young seedlings and bamboo clumps. Porcupine eats outer
bark of Haldu, Moha, Bhilwa and Amaltas. Bear dig the soil near the root of the tree in search
of rodents.

As per the forest working plan, this division is a heaven for migratory birds.The presence of
big water bodies like Erai dam, Chargao, Mohali, Junona, Naleshwar tank are main visiting
places for the winter visitors. The prominent visitors are Coots, teals, pintails, bar headed
geese, pochards, mallards, gadusal, and Shovellar are regular visitors. Sarus cranes are also
resident of Junona Lake. Besides these winter visitors there are variety of resident birds like
peafowls, Partridges, jungle fowl, quails, green pigeon, tits, babblers, robins, bulbul,
flycatchers, shriker, drongo, warblers, mynas, weaver birds, munias, wagtails, woodpeckers,
cuckoos, owls, etc.

11.4.8 Socio-economic Environment

Information on socio-demographic status and the trends of the communities in the 10 km
radius, was collected through primary social survey and secondary data from census 2011.
Summary of the socio-economic status of the study area is given in Table 11.5.

Table 11.5: Summary of Socio-economic Environment of villages within 10 km radius

area
Particulars Numbers %
No. of villages 46
No. of Household 34752
Total Population 145141

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Total Male 75434 51.97

Total Female 69707 48.03
Population SC 27839 19.18
Population ST 11568 7.97
Total Literate 111666 76.94
Male Literate 61000 42.03
Female Literate 50666 34.91
Total workers 55491 38.23
Total main workers 48641 33.51
Cultivators 5846 12.02
Agriculture Labors 8489 17.45
Household Industries 1219 2.51
Other workers 33093 68.04
Total Marginal Workers 6850 4.72
Total Non workers 89650 61.77

11.5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

11.5.1 Identified Impacts during construction phase and proposed mitigation

measures

Ambient Air Quality

During construction phase, dust will be the main pollutant, which will be generated from the
site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of
NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic. Sprinkling of water
at regular intervals preferably using truck-mounted sprinklers along the roads and work zone
areas will be carried out to control fugitive dust emissions.

Water resources and Quality

There is no surface water stream within the proposed project site. There will not be any
process wastewater generation during the construction phase. The surface run-off during
rainy season from the broken up areas containing silt wash off may be carried to the seasonal
steams flowing outside the project area. Wastewater generation during the construction
period will be from domestic effluent from the sanitation facilities provided for the workers.
The earth work (cutting and filling) will be avoided during rainy season. In-plant roads will be
concreted/blacktopped. Soil binding and fast growing vegetation will be grown within the
plant premises to arrest the soil erosion. Mobile toilets will be prodiced to construction
workers.

Ambient Noise Levels

The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction
equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic

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tools, saws, vibrators etc. Equipment will be maintained appropriately to keep the noise level
within 85 dB(A). Wherever possible, equipment will be provided with silencers and mufflers.
Acoustic enclosures will be provided to stationary machines like DG Sets, wherever possible.
High noise generating construction activities will be restricted to day time only. Greenbelt
will be developed from construction stage. Further, workers working in high noise areas will
be provided with necessary protective devices e.g. ear plug, ear-muffs etc.

Ecology & Land environment

Proposed site of the 1.5 MTPA coal washery is located at uncultivated land surrounded by
some agriculture fields, railway siding and industrial area. The majority of local vegetation in
project site is of seasonal shrubs, herbs and grasses and naturally grown local tree species. No
tree cutting is planned. Plant design is made such that the existing trees will be protected as it
is. Development of green belt around the periphery of the project site and along the approach
road will be taken up during construction phase.

11.5.2 Identified Impacts during Operation phase and proposed mitigation

measures

11.5.2.1 Ambient Air Quality

Impacts on Air Quality

Ambient air quality modeling was carried out to assess the impacts on air quality due to
proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd.
AERMOD Cloud Model was used for assessing air pollution load from washery operations.

The predicted maximum- incremental GLC (24-hour average) of PM10 due to operations at
coal washery, as predicted by air modelling was 2.86 µg/m³ at 900 m S of the coal washery
area.

From the observations of modeling results, it is observed that the predicted concentrations of
PM10 in the study area will remain within the permissible limits after establishment of the
coal washery project.

Air Pollution Control Measures

• Minimise transport of coal through trucks by maximum use of railway siding.
• Coal transport by trucks covered with tarpaulin sheets, where rail network does not exist.
• Concreting/blacktopping of internal roads to avoid generation of dust.
• Plantation of tall trees with thick folliage ;
• Continuous water sprinkling will be applied to cover railway wagons width during unloading.
• Provision of fixed water sprinklers at loading / unloading site within the plant.
• Provision of bag filters of adequate capacity for coal crushers.

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• Provision of dust extraction / water sprinkling arrangement at all transfer points.

• Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality in plant premises and in nearby villages.

11.5.2.2 Ambient Noise Levels

For predicting the impacts on ambient noise levels, 'DHWANI' Noise model, developed by
NEERI was used. From the modeling results, it was observed that the resultant noise levels at
the plant boundary will be about 65 dB(A), which will further reduce over short distance. The
resultant noise levels due to plant operations at the nearest habitation i.e. Sakharwahi village
was about 45 dB(A). Thus, it can be seen that no significant impact will take place on the
ambient noise levels due to the proposed coal washery project operations.

Proposed Noise Control Measures

• Provision of noise attenuation measures during Design and layout of building;
• Use of lagging with attenuation properties on plant components / installation of sound
attenuation panels around the equipment;
• Provision of acoustic enclosures to stationary equipment like crushers & screens, DG
sets, etc.;
• Periodic maintenance of equipment and machinery;
• Provision of ear muffs/ear plugs to workers exposed to high noise generating areas;
• Job rotation for workers working in high noise generating areas;
• Development of thick green belt around plant boundary and within plant premises;
• Regulating speed of transportation vehicles to below 40 KMPH;
• Periodical monitoring of noise in the plant premises and in nearby villages;

11.5.2.3 Water Resources & Quality

Impact on Water Resources & Quality

About 386 m3/day make up water is required for industrial and domestic purposes during
the operation phase of the proposed coal washery project. The water requirement will be
fulfilled from ground water. Rainwater harvesting will be carried out in the coal washery
plant and the harvested rainwater will be used in coal washing process to the extent possible.
NOC from CGWA will be obtained before start of coal washery operations. Applied project
area falls in ‘Safe zone’ for ground water drawal.

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The potential sources of wastewater / effluent generation in the proposed coal washery
project are Storm water run-off carrying coal particles & silt, Coal washery effluent and
domestic effluent from plant premises. These effluents / wastewater, if discharged to
environment (surface streams / land), will not only increase the plant water requirement, but
will also cause significant pollution of the receiving water bodies / land surfaces.

Proposed Water Conservation & Water Pollution Control Measures

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will implement ‘Zero Effluent Discharge’ system.
Entire waste water after treatment will be re circulated in process by close circuit system. For
domestic waste water treatment, package type of STP is proposed. This will drastically reduce
the fresh water requirement in the plant and will also protect the water quality of surface
water resources flowing outside the plant area.

M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will also implement rainwater harvesting measures
in the plant premises. This will involve collection of the storm water run-off from the plant
premises to a settling tank and use of the properly settled water in coal washing process, dust
suppression and plantation in the plant premises.

11.5.2.4 Land Use Pattern

The proposed coal washery project will be located in 7.5 Ha area. The land is already owned
by M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. and comprise of uncultivated land. The existing
land use of the core zone will be changed into industrial area due to set up of coal washery.
Out of total 7.5 Ha area, plant will be established in 2.25 Ha area, green belt and plantation
will cover 2.6 Ha area, coal storage and reject disposal will be carried out in 1.05 Ha area and
raw water reservoir& RWH structure will be provided in 1.2 Ha area. Thus, entire land use
pattern of the core zone will be changed.

Measures to avoid impact on land use pattern

• Green belt development will be taken up during construction stage;
• Entire plant area will be aesthetically landscaped;
• Stacking of raw coal, washed coal and coal rejects will be carried out at designated areas
within the plant premises..
• Internal roads will be cemented / black topped and maintained periodically.
• Plantation will be developed along the PWD roads used for coal transport.
• Suitable air pollution control measures will be adopted, to control dust emission and
deposition on the agriculture crops / land surrounding the plant premises.
• No effluent will be discharged outside the plant premises.

11.5.2.5 Solid Waste Generation & Management

The types of solid waste and their estimated quantities are given in Table 11.6.

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TABLE 11.6: SOLID WASTE GENERATION

Sr. No. Type of solid waste Estimated daily Estimated annual
Quantity quantity
1 Reject coal 1470 tonnes per day 0.441 MTPA
2 Sludge from thickener 2.5 TPD 750 tonnes per annum
3. Spent oil & Grease 0.5 kg/day ~ 150 kg per annum
4. Damaged/worn out machine - ~ 3 TPA
parts
5. Domestic waste 5 kg per day 1500 kg per annum

Solid waste management:

• Washery reject coal will be sold to nearby CFBC based thermal power plants and
cement plants and Brick kiln operators.
• Thickener sludge will be mixed with washery reject coal and will be dispatched to the
user industries.
• The oil and grease will be collected and stored in leak proof containers in store rooms
with concrete floorings. This will be sold to the CPCB/MPCB authorized recycling
vendors periodically.
• The organic and inorganic wastes will be segregated at site itself. Organics will be used
for composting and the compost will be used as manure for plantation in green belt
area. The inorganic waste material will be sold to authorised vendors.

11.5.2.6 Biological Environment

There is no Forest land, National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary and Biosphere Reserve within 10
km radius of the project site. No rare, endemic & endangered species are reported in the
buffer zone. Agricultural crops may be affected when exposed to high concentrations of
various air pollutants especially particulate matter (dust) & SO2. This may result in crop
damage and loss in agriculture produce to the nearby farmers.

Proposed Biological Environment Conservation Measures

1. Maximise coal transportation through rail mode.
2. Periodic maintenance of coal transport road in collaboration with PWD
3. Regular water sprinkling on PWD road used for coal transport.
4. Covered coal Transport system
• Monitoring of dust fall at agriculture land located nearby the coal washery

11.5.2.7 Socio-economic Environment

• There is no rehabilitation and resettlement involved in the project.

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• The proposed coal washery will require about 45 workers as direct employees during
operation phase while 50 persons will get employment during construction phase.
Secondary employment is expected to be generated for more than 100 local persons.
• Under the Corporate Social Responsibility of the company, M/s Vimla Infrastructure
(India) Pvt. Ltd. will take up various socio-economic development programmes in the
nearby villages, which will improve socio-economic status of the nearby villages.

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established for the coal washery project
under the control of G.M. (Coal washery). The EMC will look after the environmental
management of the proposed project. The EMC will be headed by an Environmental Manager
having adequate qualification and experience in the field of environmental management.
Environmental monitoring of ambient air quality, surface and ground water quality, ambient
noise levels, etc will be carried out through MOEF accredited agencies regularly and reports
will be submitted to MPCB/MoEF.

11.7 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The assessment of risk in the proposed coal washery project has been estimated for fire,
explosion and toxicity and corresponding mitigation measures are suggested in the Draft
EIA/EMP report.

A detailed Disaster Management Plan for facing disasters due to natural effects and human
reasons, is prepared and incorporated in the draft EIA/EMP report for ensuring safety of life,
protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage
operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of Disaster
Management Plan, it will be widely circulated and personnel training through rehearsals. Site
facilities, procedures, Duties and responsibilities, Communications, etc. are considered in
detail in the Disaster Management Plan.

11.8 PROJECT BENEFITS

The proposed coal washery project at Tadali village would provide development of area and
consequent indirect and direct job opportunities which would finally result in improvement
in the quality of life of people in the nearby villages around the coal washery site. In line with
this CSR policy, M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will carry community welfare
activities in the following areas:

• Health & Sanitation

• Drinking water
• Education for poor
• Economic upliftment
• Village roads & Lighting

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A budget of Rs. 44.25 Lakh has been proposed for implementation of Socio-economic welfare
activities in the nearby villages under CER.

11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

An Environmental Management Plan comprise of following set of mitigation, management,
monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during implementation and operation of
the project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels.

• Overall conservation of environment.

• Minimization of natural resources and water.
• Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace.
• Ensure effective operation of all control measures.
• Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents.
• Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts.
• Ensure effective operation of all control measures.
• Control of waste generation and pollution.

Judicious use of the environmental management plan addresses the components of

environment, which are likely to be affected by the different operations in the project. A
budget of Rs. 222.3 Lakh as capital cost and Rs. 72.25 Lakh as recurring expenses has been
allocated for implementation of the Environmental Management Plan.

11.10 CONCLUSION
The proposed 1.5 MTPA coal washery project of M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt. Ltd. will
be beneficial for the development of the nearby villages. Some environmental aspects like
dust emission, noise, wastewater generation, traffic density, etc will have to be controlled
within the permissible norms to avoid impacts on the surrounding environment. Adequate
environmental pollution control equipments like bag house, water sprinklers, enclosures,
thickener, etc. will be provided to control pollution within permissible limits. Measures like
development of thick green belt and plantation within plant premises and along transport
road, adoption of rainwater harvesting in the plant and in nearby villages, etc will be
implemented. The CSR measures proposed to be adopted by the company will improve the
social, economic and infrastructure availability status of the nearby villages.

The overall impacts of the proposed coal washery will be positive and will result in overall
socio-economic growth of nearby villages.

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CHAPTER 12: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

12.1 INTRODUCTION TO PECS

Pollution & Ecology Control Services (PECS) established and NABET accredited
Environmental Consultant and Engineers based in Nagpur and working since last 21
years. We are having tie up with well equipped laboratory for field studies as well as for
testing and monitoring of Air, Water, Noise, Soil and other related activities of
Environment of Mines and Industries.

PECS is having a qualified and experience staff comprising of trained professionals in

their respective fields. PECS is backed by the services of retired scientists form National
Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) and retired Engineers of
Thermal Power Stations and Coal India Ltd. A team of experience Geologists is with us
for various surveys. PECS is also having a computers and software facility for modeling
purposes.

PECS is specialized in Environmental Services as mentioned below:-

o Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

o Environmental Risk Analysis and Assessment.

o Monitoring of Air, Water, Noise and Soil.

o Preparation of Documents for Clearance of Forest Land.

o Environmental Management Plan.

o Environment Audit Statement.

o Disaster Management Plan.

o Study and Treatment of Industrial Effluents.

o Design, Engineering and Commissioning of Effluent Treatment Plant,

Sewage
Treatment Plant and Water Treatment Plant.

o Designing, Engineering and Commissioning of Air Pollution Control

Devices.

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o Dust Suppression.

o Dealing with Solid Waste Management.

o Planning on Waste Recycle, Reuse and Control

o Follow up with Explosive Department and IBM, HQ, Nagpur.

o Preparation of “ON SITE” and “OFF SITE” emergency plans and health
survey.

o Geo Hydrological, Ground and Surface Water Survey and Transit Survey.

o Rain water harvesting including design and execution.

o Clearing of Project form Ministry of Environment and Forest, New Delhi

(MOEF),) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/SEIAA.

PECS has completed more than 50 projects in EIA sector successfully since its
incorporation.

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Annexure I

No.IA-J-11015/145/2018-IA-II(M)
Goverment of India
Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change
Impact Assessment Division
***

Indira Paryavaran Bhavan,

Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj,
Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003
28 Apr 2019

To,

M/s VIMLA INFRASTRUCTURE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

Tadali Gram Panchayat Village Tadali, Tehsil & District Chandrapur, Maharashtra,
Chandrapur-442406
Maharashtra

Tel.No.07172-237087; Email:vimlacoal2018@gmail.com

Sir/Madam,

This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA
study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of
the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the
prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are
given below:

1. Proposal No.: IA/MH/CMIN/83706/2018

Proposed 1.5 MTPA Coal Washery (Wet

2. Name of the Proposal: process) by M/s Vimla Infrastructure (India) Pvt.
Ltd.

3. Category of the Proposal: Coal Mining

4. Project/Activity applied for: 2(a) Coal washeries

5. Date of submission for TOR: 15 Feb 2019

In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR
for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment
management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation
as follows:
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

2(a):STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR COAL
WASHERIES PROJECTS AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED
IN EIA/EMP REPORT
1) Siting of washery is critical considering to its environmental impacts. Preference should be given to
the site located at pit head; in case such a site is not available, the site should be as close to the pit
head as possible and coal should be transported from mine to the washery preferably through closed
conveyer belt to avoid air pollution.
2) The washery shall not be located in eco-sensitive zones areas.
3) The washery should have a closed system and zero discharge. The storm drainage should be treated
in settling ponds before discharging into rivers/streams/water bodies.
4) A thick Green belt of about 50 m width should be developed surrounding the washery.
5) A brief description of the plant alongwith a layout, the specific technology used and the source of
coal should be provided.
6) The EIA-EMP Repot should cover the impacts and management plan for the project of the capacity
for which EC is sought and the impacts of specific activities, including the technology used and
coal used, on the environment of the area (within 10km radius), and the environmental quality of
air, water, land, biotic community, etc. through collection of data and information, generation of
data on impacts for the rated capacity. Cumulative impacts for air and water should be a part of ElA
in case coal mine, TPP and other washeries are located within 10km radius. The ElA should also
include mitigative measures needed to minimize adverse environmental impacts.
7) A Study Area Map of the core zone as well as the 10km area of buffer zone showing major industries/
mines and other polluting sources should be submitted. These maps shall also indicate the migratory
corridors of fauna, if any and areas of endangered fauna; plants of medicinal and economic
importance; any ecologically sensitive areas within the 10 km buffer zone; the shortest distance
from the National Park/WL Sanctuary Tiger Reserve, etc. alongwith the comments of the Chief
Wildlife Warden of the State Government.
8) Data of one-season (non-monsoon) primary- base-line data on environmental quality of air (PM10,
PM2.5, SOx and NOx, noise, water (surface and groundwater), soil be submitted.
9) The wet washery should generally utilize mine water only. In case mine water is not available, the
option of storage of rain water and its use should be examined. Use of surface water and ground
water should be avoided.
10) Detailed water balance should be provided. The break-up of water requirement as per different
activities in the mining operations vis-a-vis washery should be given. If the source of water is from
surface water and/or ground water, the same may be justified besides obtaining approval of the
Competent Authority for its drawl.
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR
PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

11) The entire sequence of mineral production, transportation, handling, transfer and storage of mineral
and waste, if any, and their impacts on air quality should be shown in a flow chart with specific
points where fugitive emissions can arise and specific pollution control/mitigative measures proposed
to be put in place. The washed coal and rejects should be transport by train as far as possible. Road
transport of washed coal and rejects should generally be avoided. In case, the TPP is within 10km
radius, it should be through conveyer belt. If transport by rail is not feasible because of the topography
of the area, the option for transport by road be examined in detail and its impacts along with the
mitigation measures should be clearly brought out in ElA/EMP report.
12) Details of various facilities proposed to be provided in terms of parking, rest areas, canteen etc.to
the personnel involved in mineral transportation, workshop and effluents/pollution load from these
activities should be provided.
13) Impacts of CHP, if any, on air and water quality should also be spelt out alongwith Action Plan.
14) O.M. no. J-llOI3/25/2014-IA.I dated 11th August, 2014 to be followed with regard to CSR activities.
15) Details of Public Hearing, Notice(s) issued in newspapers, proceedings/minutes of Public Hearing,
points raised by the general public and response/commitments made by the proponent along with
the Action Plan and budgetary provisions be submitted in tabular form. If the Public Hearing is in
the regional language, an authenticated English translation of the same should be provided. Status
of any litigations/ court cases filed/pending, if any, against the project should be mentioned in EIA.
16) Analysis of samples indicating the following be submitted:
Characteristics of coal prior to washing (this includes grade of coal, other characteristics of ash, S
and heavy levels of metals such as Hg, As, Pb, Cr etc).
Characteristics and quantum of coal after washing.
Characteristics and quantum of coal rejects.
17) Details of management/disposal/use of coal rejects should be provided. The rejects should be used
in TPP located close to the washery as far as possible. If TPP is within a reasonable distance (10
km), transportation should be by conveyor belt. If it is far away, the transportation should be by rail
as far as possible.
18) Copies of MOU/Agreement with linkages (for stand-alone washery) for the capacity for which EC
is being sought should be submitted.
19) Corporate Environment Responsibility:
a) The Company must have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by the Board of
Directors.
b) The Environment Policy must prescribe for standard operating process/procedures to bring
into focus any infringements/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/
conditions.
c) The hierarchical system or Administrative Order of the company to deal with environmental
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE

issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions must be
furnished.
d) To have proper checks and balances, the company should have a well laid down system of
reporting of non-compliances/violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of
the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large.
20) A detailed action Plan for Corporate Social Responsibility for the project affected people and people
living in and around the project area should be provided.

21) Permission of drawl of water shall be pre-requisite for consideration of EC.

22) Wastewater /effluent should confirm to the effluent standards as prescribed under Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986

23) Details of washed coal, middling and rejects along with the MoU with the end-users should be
submitted.

***
Annexure II

Table – 3.5A: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : PROJECT SITE (A -

1)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
1/3/2019 53.8 30 17 29.5
W-1
2/3/2019 50.3 29.7 22.1 38.3
8/3/2019 57.4 32.2 20.8 32.7
W-2
9/3/2019 52 29.3 18.4 31.8
15/03/2019 63.6 28.1 13.9 17.6
W-3
16/03/2019 49.7 27.4 18.1 31.5
22/03/2019 48.2 27.5 20.9 36.3
W-4
23/03/2019 50.4 28.6 23.2 34.5
29/03/2019 58.7 27.2 20.8 35.6
W-5
30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29
5/4/2019 47 26.8 12.7 21.7
W-6
6/4/2019 48.7 28.4 12.3 20.9
12/4/2019 50.5 27.5 22.3 18.4
W-7
13/04/2019 65.2 26.8 13.2 22.3
19/04/2019 51 28.9 17.5 30
W-8
20/04/2019 56.4 31.7 20.4 34.9
26/04/2019 60.4 27.3 11.2 29.7
W-9
27/04/2019 47.1 28.8 18.8 32.2
3/5/2019 60 27.5 17.8 30
W-10
4/5/2019 49.2 25.9 16.3 32.2
10/5/2019 59.7 29.1 14.2 24.3
W-11
11/5/2019 58.6 26.1 14.6 25.2
17/05/2019 50.8 25.9 16.2 28
W-12
18/05/2019 55 30.6 17.1 29.6
24/05/2019 48.7 27.7 16.3 28.1
W-13
25/05/2019 52.9 29.7 14.8 25.4
Minimum 44.3 25.4 11.2 17.6
Maximum 65.2 32.2 23.2 38.3
Average 53.4 28.2 17.1 28.8
98 percentile 64.4 32 22.8 37.3
Table – 3.5B: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Chichala Village (A -
2)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
1/3/2019 44.6 24.1 10.7 21.5
W-1
2/3/2019 50.3 24.4 12.3 20.2
8/3/2019 47.1 25.9 12 32.7
W-2
9/3/2019 43.6 23.8 10.3 20.8
15/03/2019 41.3 28.1 9.6 17.6
W-3
16/03/2019 46.6 25.2 10 19.8
22/03/2019 49.3 26.8 10.5 18.8
W-4
23/03/2019 43.6 23.8 8.9 18.6
29/03/2019 43.2 23.8 11.9 18.6
W-5
30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 21.7
5/4/2019 43.2 23.4 14.1 23.7
W-6
6/4/2019 48.7 24.3 13 20.3
12/4/2019 50.5 22.7 22.3 18.4
W-7
13/04/2019 46.4 25.3 12 22.4
19/04/2019 42.1 23.1 11.2 20.6
W-8
20/04/2019 56.4 33.6 11 25.4
26/04/2019 42 23.1 11.2 17.6
W-9
27/04/2019 47.1 23.6 9.9 17
3/5/2019 47.9 26.4 11 18.3
W-10
4/5/2019 49.2 25.2 11.1 32.2
10/5/2019 47.7 25.9 11.2 19.7
W-11
11/5/2019 41.7 22.6 11.9 20.6
17/05/2019 50.8 23.9 11.1 18.9
W-12
18/05/2019 47.3 25.6 13.9 17.8
24/05/2019 47.8 25.9 13.5 20.1
W-13
25/05/2019 42.4 23.1 11.6 22.1
Minimum 41.3 22.6 8.9 17
Maximum 56.4 33.6 22.3 32.7
Average 46.4 25 11.9 21
98 percentile 53.6 30.9 18.4 32.5
Table – 3.5C: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Goraja Village (A -
3)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
1/3/2019 45.6 24.8 12 18.3
W-1
2/3/2019 50.3 30 14.2 18.9
8/3/2019 48.8 28.1 15.2 32.7
W-2
9/3/2019 44.2 25.3 13.8 23.2
15/03/2019 42.8 28.1 17.4 16.3
W-3
16/03/2019 41.1 23.2 13.9 22.2
22/03/2019 41 24.3 13.4 22.3
W-4
23/03/2019 44 25.2 12.4 20.9
29/03/2019 40.8 23.7 15 24.7
W-5
30/03/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.4
5/4/2019 40 22.8 13.3 28.5
W-6
6/4/2019 48.7 24.4 18 22.2
12/4/2019 50.5 24.6 21.8 18.4
W-7
13/04/2019 40.6 23.4 13.9 26.3
19/04/2019 41.5 23.9 16.4 22.5
W-8
20/04/2019 51.3 31.8 18.3 24.6
26/04/2019 41.9 24.3 11.2 29.3
W-9
27/04/2019 47.1 23.7 14.8 22.7
3/5/2019 41.2 26.3 15.1 25
W-10
4/5/2019 49.2 22.9 14.7 32.2
10/5/2019 46.3 26.4 13.7 22.2
W-11
11/5/2019 39.9 22.8 14.1 23.9
17/05/2019 50.8 27 13.9 20.6
W-12
18/05/2019 46.8 23.9 12.2 25
24/05/2019 41.5 26.5 12.8 21.8
W-13
25/05/2019 44.2 24.4 13.5 21.1
Minimum 39.9 22.8 11.2 16.3
Maximum 51.3 31.8 21.8 32.7
Average 44.808 25.312 14.636 23.764
98 percentile 51.06 30.936 20.12 32.46
Table – 3.5D: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Sonegaon Village (A
-4)Sonegaonvillage
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
3/3/2019 48.2 30.3 14.2 29.1
W-1
4/3/2019 50.3 27.9 16.4 26.4
10/3/2019 49.4 30.7 17.4 32.7
W-2
11/3/2019 44.8 28 16 35.6
17/03/2019 47.4 28.1 19.6 14.6
W-3
18/03/2019 49.6 25.5 16.1 29.3
24/03/2019 48.2 31.1 15.6 28.1
W-4
25/03/2019 43.5 28.5 14.6 26.1
31/03/2019 45.9 34.7 17.2 32.8
W-5
1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 30.3
7/4/2019 50.4 28.6 15.5 28.2
W-6
8/4/2019 48.7 27.2 20.2 36.9
14/04/2019 50.5 27.4 21.5 18.4
W-7
15/04/2019 51.8 28.9 16.1 29
21/04/2019 49.3 20.5 18.6 36.5
W-8
22/04/2019 55.2 31.8 20.5 33.5
28/04/2019 52.3 27.9 19.5 31.3
W-9
29/04/2019 47.1 28.4 17 30.4
5/5/2019 51.2 27.3 17.3 30.5
W-10
6/5/2019 49.2 28.1 16.9 32.2
12/5/2019 49.9 28.4 15.9 28.8
W-11
13/05/2019 52.2 26.5 16.3 29.7
19/05/2019 50.8 29.3 16.1 29.3
W-12
20/05/2019 45.6 27.8 14.4 26
26/05/2019 43.4 26.1 15 27.1
W-13
27/05/2019 41.5 27.7 15.7 28.4
Minimum 43.4 20.5 14.2 14.6
Maximum 55.2 34.7 21.5 36.9
Average 48.768 28.176 16.892 29.312
98 percentile 53.808 33.308 21.02 36.708
Table – 3.5E: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Tadali Village (A -5)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
3/3/2019 49.9 23.9 16.2 30.1
W-1
4/3/2019 50.3 25.4 15.3 23.7
10/3/2019 53.1 25 15.1 32.7
W-2
11/3/2019 48.5 27.6 13.4 25.4
17/03/2019 54.9 28.1 15.2 19.4
W-3
18/03/2019 45.4 25.1 12.6 24.8
24/03/2019 45.3 23.3 14.6 27.5
W-4
25/03/2019 48.3 30.7 13.2 27.4
31/03/2019 53.2 27.4 13.2 25.4
W-5
1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.4
7/4/2019 44.3 24.3 16.7 27.1
W-6
8/4/2019 48.7 27.9 18.3 34.7
14/04/2019 50.5 26.3 20.4 18.4
W-7
15/04/2019 54.4 27.5 16.6 30.7
21/04/2019 51.1 31.1 18.2 28.1
W-8
22/04/2019 52.7 29.7 20.5 31
28/04/2019 50.3 25.6 13.2 31.3
W-9
29/04/2019 47.1 30.6 18 32.5
5/5/2019 48.5 27.3 15 29.3
W-10
6/5/2019 49.2 27.8 13.8 32.2
12/5/2019 50.6 25 12.5 28.3
W-11
13/05/2019 50.6 23.2 12.5 27.2
19/05/2019 50.8 24.8 14.1 30
W-12
20/05/2019 51.1 27.7 14.6 28.2
26/05/2019 58.1 25 12.8 25.3
W-13
27/05/2019 48.5 24.4 15.5 29.2
Minimum 44.3 23.2 12.5 18.4
Maximum 58.1 31.1 20.5 34.7
Average 50.048 26.628 15.216 28.004
98 percentile 56.564 30.908 20.452 33.74
Table – 3.5F: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Marodia Village (A -
6)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
3/3/2019 50.1 23.7 11.4 18.4
W-1
4/3/2019 50.3 23.6 13.6 21.9
10/3/2019 49.4 24.7 14.6 32.7
W-2
11/3/2019 57.4 22.2 13.2 21.3
17/03/2019 47.4 28.1 16.8 20.1
W-3
18/03/2019 49.6 24.4 13.3 21.6
24/03/2019 48.2 23.8 12.8 20.6
W-4
25/03/2019 53.4 21.7 11.8 18.8
31/03/2019 50.8 23.1 14.4 22.9
W-5
1/4/2019 44.3 25.4 14.4 29.5
7/4/2019 50.4 24.7 12.7 20.6
W-6
8/4/2019 48.7 20.6 17.4 28.5
14/04/2019 50.5 23.5 20.9 18.4
W-7
15/04/2019 51.8 25.6 13.3 21.4
21/04/2019 49.3 24.5 15.8 25.5
W-8
22/04/2019 56.4 33.6 17.7 28.5
28/04/2019 52.3 26.1 12.5 23.5
W-9
29/04/2019 47.1 24.9 14.2 22.7
5/5/2019 51.2 25.7 14.5 22.8
W-10
6/5/2019 49.2 25.6 14.1 32.2
12/5/2019 49.9 24.6 13.1 21.2
W-11
13/05/2019 52.2 25.6 13.5 22
19/05/2019 50.8 22.9 13.3 21.6
W-12
20/05/2019 55.6 22.5 11.6 18.7
26/05/2019 45.4 21.5 12.2 19.6
W-13
27/05/2019 51.1 20.6 12.9 20.8
Minimum 44.3 20.6 11.4 18.4
Maximum 57.4 33.6 20.9 32.7
Average 50.468 24.504 14.124 23
98 percentile 56.92 30.96 19.364 32.46
Table – 3.5G: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Ghugus Village (A -
7)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
5/3/2019 51.2 31.5 15.3 30.2
W-1
6/3/2019 50.3 29.4 17.3 27.3
12/3/2019 62.4 31.7 18.4 32.7
W-2
13/03/2019 53.8 29.1 17.1 33.9
19/03/2019 49.1 28.1 20.4 23.5
W-3
20/03/2019 51.7 26.7 17.3 30.5
26/03/2019 50.2 32.4 16.9 29.4
W-4
27/03/2019 54.6 29.7 15.8 27.3
2/4/2019 48.2 35.8 18.3 30.2
W-5
3/4/2019 45.1 25.4 14.4 31.7
9/4/2019 52.7 29.8 16.7 29.4
W-6
10/4/2019 60.7 28.5 21.5 28.3
16/04/2019 50.5 28.7 22.3 19.3
W-7
17/04/2019 54.1 30.3 17.5 30.4
23/04/2019 63.7 21.6 19.7 34.2
W-8
24/04/2019 56.4 33.6 22.1 35.1
30/04/2019 54.6 29.3 11.2 32.7
W-9
1/5/2019 47.1 29.9 18.5 31.9
7/5/2019 53.5 28.5 18.5 31.7
W-10
8/5/2019 49.2 29.4 18.2 32.2
14/05/2019 50.5 29.3 16.8 29.7
W-11
15/05/2019 54.5 27.6 17.4 30.8
21/05/2019 50.8 30.3 17.1 30.3
W-12
22/05/2019 49.1 29.1 15.7 27.3
28/05/2019 58.4 27.3 16.2 28.3
W-13
29/05/2019 52.8 29.2 17.2 29.9
Minimum 45.1 21.6 11.2 19.3
Maximum 63.7 35.8 22.3 35.1
Average 52.896 29.32 17.624 29.932
98 percentile 63.076 34.744 22.204 34.668
Table – 3.5H: AAQ OBSERVATIONS : Sakharwahi Village
(A -8)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx
Week Date 3 3 3
μg/m μg/m μg/m μg/m3
5/3/2019 45.2 28.8 11.3 18.5
W-1
6/3/2019 44.6 28.6 12.3 18
12/3/2019 46.4 29.9 12.7 18.7
W-2
13/03/2019 41.8 26.8 11.5 19.9
19/03/2019 44.4 28.3 10.4 17.6
W-3
20/03/2019 46.6 29.7 11.7 17.3
26/03/2019 45.2 28.9 13.2 23.3
W-4
27/03/2019 40.5 26 14.5 20.4
2/4/2019 42.9 27.7 12.9 23.2
W-5
3/4/2019 45.1 28.7 14.4 18.7
9/4/2019 47.4 30.2 13.1 21.3
W-6
10/4/2019 41.8 26.7 12.2 19.6
16/04/2019 44.7 28.5 11.2 18
W-7
17/04/2019 48.8 31.2 10.3 16.3
23/04/2019 46.3 29.7 14.2 19.7
W-8
24/04/2019 50.7 32.6 12.7 23.2
30/04/2019 49.3 31.6 11.2 17.2
W-9
1/5/2019 47.1 30.2 14.5 23.2
7/5/2019 48.2 31.1 13.9 28.2
W-10
8/5/2019 49.2 31.2 16.3 21.4
14/05/2019 46.9 29.9 14.1 22.9
W-11
15/05/2019 49.2 31.3 13.8 25.1
21/05/2019 43.5 27.7 15.1 23.2
W-12
22/05/2019 42.6 27.2 14.3 21.3
28/05/2019 40.4 25.9 15.5 25.2
W-13
29/05/2019 44.2 28.2 16.1 27.3
Minimum 40.4 25.9 10.3 16.3
Maximum 50.7 32.6 16.3 28.2
Average 45.5 29.1 13.2 21.1
98 percentile 50 32.1 16.2 27.7
Annexure III

Time (Hrs) Stations Code

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
600 41.6 41 41.2 42.4 43.4 41.6 41.2 42.3
700 41.8 42.4 42.6 44.4 44.8 43 43.2 43.7
800 44 43.8 44 44.9 46.2 44.4 43.7 45.1
900 43.3 45.8 46 45.8 48.2 46.4 44.6 47.1
1000 44.8 46.7 46.9 50.6 49.1 47.3 49.4 48
1100 44 46 46.2 49.4 48.4 46.6 48.2 47.3
1200 45.1 48.5 48.7 49.8 50.9 49.1 48.6 49.8
1300 47.1 47.5 47.7 48.8 49.9 48.1 47.6 48.8
Day Time 1400 45.1 45.2 45.4 49.3 47.6 45.8 48.1 46.5
1500 49.8 42.2 42.4 48.5 44.6 42.8 47.3 43.5
1600 48.2 43.8 44 47.4 46.2 44.4 46.2 45.1
1700 45.9 43 43.2 47.1 45.4 43.6 45.9 44.3
1800 51.9 42.2 42.4 48.2 44.6 42.8 47 43.5
1900 47.5 46.6 46.8 46.6 49 47.2 45.4 47.9
2000 51.4 45.7 45.9 45.2 48.1 46.3 44 47
2100 47.6 44.4 44.6 45.4 46.8 45 44.2 45.7
2200 46 42 42.2 44.5 44.4 42.6 43.3 43.3
2300 45.3 43.4 43.6 43.7 45.8 44 42.5 44.7
2400 45.8 43.5 43.7 43.2 45.9 44.1 42 44.8
100 46 43.1 43.3 41.4 45.5 43.7 40.2 44.4
Night Time 200 43.5 43.5 43.7 40.8 45.9 44.1 39.6 44.8
300 42.2 43 43.2 41.3 45.4 43.6 41.2 44.3
400 43.5 43.7 43.9 40.8 46.1 44.3 39.9 45
500 43.1 45.5 45.7 42.6 47.9 46.1 41.4 46.8
Range 41.6 – 51.9 41 – 48.5 41.2 – 48.7 40.8 – 50.6 43.4 – 50.9 41.6 – 49.1 39.6 – 49.4 42.3 – 49.8
Ld 46.18 44.52 44.72 46.96 46.92 45.12 45.76 45.82
Ln 44.2 43.67 43.87 41.97 46.07 44.27 40.97 44.97
Annexure IV
TABLE: VILLAGE WISE DEMORAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY AREA
SCHEDULE SCHEDULED LITERATE
TALUKA POPULATION CASTE TRIBE
NAME OF NO OF
THE HOUSE MALE FEMALE
S.N. VILLAGE HOLDS TOTAL MALE FEMAL
1 Belora Bhadravati 75 301 156 145 14 13 126 113
Ghot
2 Nimbala Bhadravati 258 1050 555 495 334 196 430 324
3 Chiparala Bhadravati 148 539 281 258 46 97 218 170
4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 226 947 462 485 80 201 368 313
5 Kacharala Bhadravati 169 574 305 269 92 36 204 139

Tirawanja
6 Mokasa Bhadravati 284 1111 589 522 360 59 450 365
Chak
7 Tirawanja Bhadravati 178 849 444 405 62 26 341 270
8 Saiwan Bhadravati 122 430 222 208 167 127 176 130
9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 791 3244 1659 1585 638 312 1349 1128
10 Nunhara Bhadravati 111 455 230 225 12 169 190 154
11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 184 708 362 346 49 85 286 230
12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 184 756 403 353 0 238 298 227
Kudrara
13 Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 83 292 147 145 9 6 115 95
14 Goraja Bhadravati 175 729 378 351 71 52 288 235
15 Kochi Bhadravati 129 522 269 253 22 22 212 177
16 Pimpari Bhadravati 234 885 461 424 100 76 344 276
17 Dhonad Bhadravati 147 607 315 292 32 8 246 193
18 Mursa Bhadravati 340 1362 711 651 185 51 537 421
19 Bhadravati Bhadravati 14617 60565 31451 29114 11716 5033 26300 22219
(M Cl)
20 Ambhora Chandrapur 107 507 254 253 6 36 202 184
21 Neri Chandrapur 489 2060 1068 992 535 294 827 645
22 Nagala Chandrapur 331 1384 702 682 132 195 499 371
23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 395 1632 853 779 230 274 675 522
Nagpur
24 (Chota) Chandrapur 216 861 458 403 309 29 371 276
Vichoda
25 Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 107 461 227 234 171 24 184 161
Vichoda
26 Bk. Chandrapur 106 460 228 232 151 49 175 148
27 Morwa Chandrapur 520 2055 1104 951 202 178 857 662
28 Yerur Chandrapur 438 1564 888 676 197 127 664 427
29 Wandhari Chandrapur 139 576 288 288 105 17 229 212
30 Khutala Chandrapur 426 1717 890 827 382 204 693 547
31 Kosara Chandrapur 261 1200 626 574 165 120 502 403
32 Datala Chandrapur 706 2883 1521 1362 422 91 1186 1023
33 Chichala Chandrapur 1085 4220 2234 1986 635 442 1774 1413
34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 193 827 427 400 3 13 348 295
35 Belsani Chandrapur 233 976 504 472 15 39 384 324
36 Chandur Chandrapur 15 66 36 30 61 0 30 23
37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 360 1521 759 762 155 344 592 527
38 Shengaon Chandrapur 494 2073 1032 1041 71 113 771 698
39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 136 540 268 272 119 8 223 217
40 Sidur Chandrapur 243 994 540 454 120 9 419 311
41 Vendali Chandrapur 227 1136 592 544 87 27 431 343
42 Dewada Chandrapur 160 654 340 314 121 43 255 198
43 Pandhar Chandrapur 368 1444 748 696 404 39 575 471
Kawada
44 Usgaon Chandrapur 412 1657 861 796 176 317 679 541
45 Dhanora Chandrapur 383 1623 834 789 96 50 617 529
46 Pipri Chandrapur 392 1762 919 843 48 40 718 583
Ghugus
47 (CT) Chandrapur 7438 32654 16980 15674 8741 1645 13757 11528
34835 145433 75581 69852 27848 11574 61115 50761
Sex Composition In Study Area (%)

48%
52% Male
Female
SC ST & Other Population Comparision in %

8%
19%
Figure: Sex Ratio Comparison Others
SC
73%
ST

200
Figure: SC, ST & other population Comparison
150 80.86
72.66
100
85.97 67.03
50

0
Literacy Male % Literacy Female %

Maharashtra Study Area

Figure: Literacy Level in the study area

TABLE: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN
TOTAL
MAIN CULTIVA- AGRIL HH OTHER MARGINAL
WORKERS TORS LAB INDUSTRY WORKERS WORKER NON
NAME OF TALUKA WORKERS
THE
S.N. VILLAGE M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
1 Belora Bhadravati 76 16 35 4 25 8 0 0 16 4 2 63 78 66
Ghot
2 Nimbala Bhadravati 226 97 53 26 36 26 1 2 136 43 96 119 233 279
3 Chiparala Bhadravati 146 74 60 31 57 41 0 0 29 2 23 49 112 135
4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 266 184 81 59 46 100 18 5 121 20 34 80 162 221
5 Kacharala Bhadravati 158 18 75 2 74 14 1 0 8 2 2 10 145 241

Tirawanja
6 Mokasa Bhadravati 314 118 41 4 90 72 4 0 179 42 12 12 263 392
Chak
7 Tirawanja Bhadravati 260 8 147 1 91 4 2 0 20 3 10 7 174 390
8 Saiwan Bhadravati 124 48 2 1 9 2 4 0 109 45 11 10 87 150
9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 796 233 104 36 86 93 33 2 573 102 53 46 810 1306
10 Nunhara Bhadravati 121 10 46 2 42 5 3 0 30 3 25 68 84 147
11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 186 116 24 3 68 101 3 0 91 12 49 72 127 158
12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 230 201 52 32 149 166 10 1 19 2 1 2 172 150
Kudrara
13 Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 88 72 35 24 36 47 1 0 16 1 2 15 57 58
14 Goraja Bhadravati 204 57 91 17 35 34 0 0 78 6 10 14 164 280
15 Kochi Bhadravati 147 121 84 83 21 36 3 0 39 2 4 15 118 117
16 Pimpari Bhadravati 296 196 120 54 125 135 4 0 47 7 8 44 157 184
17 Dhonad Bhadravati 181 11 91 1 48 7 2 0 40 3 15 161 119 120
18 Mursa Bhadravati 401 281 126 65 126 200 5 4 144 12 26 37 284 333
Bhadravati
19 (M Cl) Bhadravati 14646 2987 283 65 701 586 405 124 13257 2212 1553 1024 15252 25103
20 Ambhora Chandrapur 146 125 47 61 23 46 2 3 74 15 3 2 105 126
21 Neri Chandrapur 575 204 12 8 6 1 9 2 548 193 17 17 476 771
22 Nagala Chandrapur 428 385 212 195 180 169 6 2 30 19 26 19 248 278
23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 505 293 140 100 91 107 12 2 262 84 25 37 323 449
Nagpur
24 (Chota) Chandrapur 228 62 73 23 97 31 5 0 53 8 14 26 216 315
Vichoda
25 Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 158 150 76 86 41 54 0 0 41 10 1 2 68 82
26 Vichoda Bk. Chandrapur 147 79 36 21 38 25 0 0 73 33 1 12 80 141
27 Morwa Chandrapur 628 231 95 53 91 113 15 3 427 62 34 28 442 692
28 Yerur Chandrapur 499 106 67 32 28 26 10 12 394 36 111 174 278 396
29 Wandhari Chandrapur 194 167 7 3 148 151 1 0 38 13 5 10 89 111
30 Khutala Chandrapur 507 94 6 1 2 4 5 0 494 89 4 14 379 719
31 Kosara Chandrapur 338 50 4 3 27 10 5 1 302 36 8 2 280 522
32 Datala Chandrapur 815 198 64 12 155 75 23 7 573 104 45 46 661 1118
33 Chichala Chandrapur 1145 257 32 15 14 18 26 14 1073 210 116 137 973 1592
34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 224 94 99 46 29 40 1 0 95 8 47 148 156 158
35 Belsani Chandrapur 263 112 133 82 42 18 1 1 87 11 67 133 174 227
36 Chandur Chandrapur 9 9 2 2 3 3 0 1 4 3 10 5 17 16
37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 408 72 40 6 160 44 12 2 196 20 7 6 344 684
38 Shengaon Chandrapur 535 359 179 125 189 205 4 2 163 27 62 105 435 577
39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 137 75 58 17 37 38 8 7 34 13 5 6 126 191
40 Sidur Chandrapur 302 177 110 57 152 118 0 0 40 2 16 54 222 223
41 Vendali Chandrapur 341 318 174 36 127 271 0 0 40 11 19 16 232 210
42 Dewada Chandrapur 198 81 62 27 51 39 1 1 84 14 20 69 122 164
43 Pandhar Chandrapur 407 253 69 41 187 182 4 3 147 27 9 24 332 419
Kawada
44 Usgaon Chandrapur 515 238 71 72 74 98 3 3 367 65 11 82 335 476
45 Dhanora Chandrapur 522 412 168 104 243 231 2 2 109 75 5 7 307 370
46 Pipri Chandrapur 521 473 286 231 178 213 8 5 49 24 25 10 373 360
47 Ghugus (CT) Chandrapur 7966 1352 53 11 201 86 281 60 7431 1195 728 451 8286 13871
37527 11274 3925 1980 4479 4093 943 271 28180 4930 3377 3490 34677 55088

vocational Pattern of the Study Area

Main Worker
25%
Cultivator Worker
46%
3% Agril Lab
HH industry
17% 4% Other Worker
4%
1% Marginal Worker
Non-Worker
LANDUSE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA (BASED ON CENSUS 2001)
Sr.No. VILL_NAME TALUKA LAND_FORES OTH_IRR TOT_IRR UN_IRR CULT_WASTE AREA_NA_CU

1 Belora Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 5.00 187.00 21.00 178.00

2 Ghot Nimbala Bhadravati 735.00 0.00 21.00 237.00 13.00 103.00
3 Chiparala Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 2.00 442.00 7.00 64.00
4 Chalbardi Bhadravati 22.00 0.00 9.31 559.00 28.00 35.00
5 Kacharala Bhadravati 28.00 0.00 36.00 364.00 31.00 272.00

Tirawanja
6 Mokasa Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 9.00 255.00 10.00 14.00
7 Chak Tirawanja Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 18.00 517.00 49.00 35.00
8 Saiwan Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 Ghodpeth Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 70.00 573.00 415.00 172.00
10 Nunhara Bhadravati 3.00 0.00 3.00 194.00 173.00 33.00
11 Dhorwasa Bhadravati 0.00 20.00 40.00 505.00 140.00 409.00
12 Chiradevi Bhadravati 120.00 0.00 120.00 253.00 43.00 240.00
Kudrara
13 Raiyyatwan Bhadravati 0.00 10.00 36.00 505.00 175.00 90.00
14 Goraja Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 0.00 45.00 23.00 10.00
15 Kochi Bhadravati 0.00 9.00 9.00 302.00 66.00 199.00
16 Pimpari Bhadravati 0.00 0.00 17.00 1689.00 25.00 205.00
17 Dhonad Bhadravati 0.00 1.00 2.00 362.00 40.00 38.00
18 Mursa Bhadravati 0.00 3.00 13.00 641.00 68.00 215.00
Bhadravati (M
Comes under Urban Area
19 Cl) Bhadravati
20 Ambhora Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 18.32 0.00 10.30 205.69
21 Neri Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 10.11 0.00 0.00 178.92
22 Nagala Chandrapur 319.93 9.53 149.53 190.31 4.51 0.00
23 Sakharwahi Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 30.00 1031.50 34.60 627.10
24 Nagpur (Chota) Chandrapur 0.00 4.00 44.00 371.00 0.00 295.82
Vichoda
25 Raiyyatwari Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 16.00 169.00 1.68 60.42
26 Vichoda Bk. Chandrapur 0.00 2.00 26.00 236.00 0.11 97.26
27 Morwa Chandrapur 0.00 6.00 55.00 358.00 1.03 620.24
28 Yerur Chandrapur 0.00 20.60 25.60 454.30 3.39 672.40
29 Wandhari Chandrapur 6.22 0.00 1.00 152.00 0.00 176.17
30 Khutala Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 1.50 2.10 0.00 345.67
31 Kosara Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 8.00 35.00 0.00 357.42
32 Datala Chandrapur 0.00 2.00 38.00 183.00 1.22 454.64
33 Chichala Chandrapur 0.30 0.00 0.00 30.60 2.40 453.23
34 Sonegaon Chandrapur 2.35 0.00 4.00 213.00 0.80 59.35
35 Belsani Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 37.00 660.15 32.17 1.78
36 Chandur Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 157.27 542.00 39.72
37 Mhatardevi Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 356.26 69.91 3.95
38 Shengaon Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 59.00 1457.98 34.92 2.61
39 Mahakurla Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 2.00 233.00 0.12 169.77
40 Sidur Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 5.00 745.00 1.71 128.11
41 Vendali Chandrapur 0.00 4.00 7.00 590.00 0.27 39.17
42 Dewada Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 6.00 650.23 0.18 62.57
Pandhar
43 Kawada Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 607.64 0.00 23.21
44 Usgaon Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 22.00 445.00 395.30 44.45
45 Dhanora Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 0.00 886.42 0.00 104.38
46 Pipri Chandrapur 0.00 0.00 8.00 1290.84 1.17 128.25
47 Ghugus (CT) Chandrapur Comes under Urban Area
1236.80 91.13 983.37 19135.60 2464.79 7664.30
Landuse
3% Forest Area
4%
24%
Irrigated Area

8%
Unirrigated Area
61%
Culturable Waste

Area not available for

cultivation

Figure: Pie diagram of Land Use Pattern of The Study Area

(Based on Census 2001)

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Washed Coal Proposal Indea

Uploaded by

Washed Coal Proposal Indea

Uploaded by

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment &

Environmental Management Plan Report

PROPOSED 1.5 MTPA COAL WASHERY

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

TABLE TITLE PAGE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

TABLE TITLE PAGE

ANNEXURE NUMBER TITLE

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1.1.1 Project Proponent

Address for Communication

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 1

1.1.2 Identification of Project

1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.2.1 Nature of the Project

1.2.2 Size of the Project

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 2

1.2.3 Cost of the Project

1.2.4 Location of the Project

Table 1.1: Geographical coordinates of the project site

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 3

FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP OF THE PLANT SITE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 4

FIGURE 1.2: TOPO MAP OF STUDY AREA (10 KM RADIUS)

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 5

FIGURE 1.3: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE PROJECT SITE

TABLE 1.2: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT SITE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 6

Sr. No. Particulars Details

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 7

1.2.5 Supply and Demand Details

The production of coal in India is continuously growing. Year-wise domestic production

Table 1.3: Coal Production and Import (In Million Tonnes)

Imports vs Indigenous production

1.2.6 Importance to the Country & Region

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 8

Following factors need to be evaluated for need of washing of coal

1.2.7 Benefits of using washed coal

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 9

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of study broadly covered:

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 10

TABLE 1.4: ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 11

1.5 PREPARATION OF EIA/EMP

1.5.1 Compliance of Terms of Reference:

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 12

TABLE 1.5: COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 13

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 14

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 15

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 16

Sr. Terms of Reference Compliance status

1.5.2 Structure of EIA/EMP Report

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 17

Chapter 7: Additional Studies

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 18

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.2.1 Location of the Project

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 19

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 20

PLATE 2.1: PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE PROJECT SITE

Pollution and Ecology Control Services, Nagpur 21

2.2.2 Size of the Project

TABLE-2.1: TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PROPOSED WASHERY

2.2.3 Land Description

TABLE 2.2: LAND USE

2.3 PLANT LAYOUT