Iuarine

Fouling

INDEXOF MARINEFOULING

i\4ARtNI
FoUUNG.........................................................7-l
((LASSlFld(ATloN
0FtouuNG........................................7-3
Al{\4Atf0uLtNG
.........................................................7-5
FIGIJRES:
Anina1tou|in9............................................7-7
8arnac|es.....................................................7-8
Bamacles- a(orn,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,7-10
Earnades- 900teneck.............................,.,
7-12
Hydroid'tubu|ada.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,7-14
M01f -15
ur('.....................................................7
-16
P01r20a......................................................7
Tubewomr..,.,.,.,.,...,.....,.......,................,.,
7-17
" s€asquilt...................................
Tunicate 7-18
PTANI -WEtD0RAtGAt t0UUNG..............................7-19
RlSrkto(anus(blown
FlGll algae - gnrs)................
7'20
Edo(anus andenterom0nha ...................7-22
Entercinoryha(E€en glasr).......................7"24
(red
Rhodophyceaalgae)...........................7-26
Ma neFouling
 Ma neFoulinq MadneFouling

ANIMALFOULING M A R I N EF O U L I N G

Priortothemdsttietromms. ilve$ei tended tobe.ompdalile ysma i0unq5analurathen0menonwh.h 0ru5ontnuou5l inihemdlre

mdel ofpon ft. ite5dpftrmnedthit flqthyniioi;ryp( odjwse q0nqvesse5ths
efivrcnmem.0rsei ead5toa5ignfonthrftift i e
enomteredinmoxtypsolvsie operallon Thiipred5potrdih ppnglo orumpiof.The€m foulnq'de( brjthegrowth ofmdmplanrard
fo! nqbymirmin nralj,sperii t barnare f0! n!,andup lothemid- anmisonnrudues nrhefa.lhef0rn!0qiflism! 0foftemaiethore
jifi eib00gxsuo*f! 0nloLr irqprcbemj\,/o*ed 0rbami]rel0r r! .p . - . " P l " ' . . m l e: , o . r .
Ihr rrrcdLr(0i0{ arue ihp irndmprclrd pm Ia{iiiejre Qdil Nowdn foulnqs n rhereqm 0f4500J500 ilfi0Lrlh0ry i 5ma
ronjdeftbJ de.redednitmdyI medrrngvstr opeftlon dd the n\rmber0frherpT(
6 reofEeatonftrn h 5hp0w|erard0perator
follnqemth$iinshm nq.hdnFd fomdm maldom ndted trobhm ta15flation
0ft0ulnqcn bedem0nn€td bytheM0maI gf0|ps;
r0ani Fedominited prcbem.Howevei lf i slripd0e5
en.0unteri enqthy Mercfounqdd Mirrclorru wlhfunhssrbrirs5ftat0n belwren
5rat0riryper0d r b€omps !ureabel0armdlfo|rl ry.Anima f0|lry inimas,Pantmdnimet
pmb pms \,
deared bythedee niqs,therDe berq.ompdatwl
a'!e(]mfl),ardasr r a anlmifllr n! p'0bem5 i perod 0ftmeof MA(ROIOUIING MKROfOUIING
ir0urdl lddyssrequlrcd fnfieesrab shmem0f repmbemr0a 0\! 5lim€s
thedNi ndg€0frnelam0rph05 5t0be(0me ft€ minaturcaduLWfrcre
glri5thefoodforpm$them{r05.opi. drfrnqilejonsn nq0fmift 8am&s BrcwfAgire Mafne8ideri
orqar yns(pankl0nir),
5lhrfo0d fofmany lyppsolar mdlIounq Hydro
ds (tuto{apLrs) Dial0m5
(Pin$)

Poyrod (tntPomorphr)
Bamafts.Aon Tlre mo$onrmm y entoMleRd foun9dmal5
indh (0nsEreftemud iskiown db0ulref b00qllherear milslive Ilni.ir.r lRhodophlca)
wlhn lrirdc cEolsshcl5 mdigan hilci retoftenres 1olrip
pinkloni( food Eimitrrvi! irc!!httveh droo5 ngtrn r cmlnt
rksindonartLralyrc(ogniietlreprclene0iothsbrm&$Tlrirrcruls
nbinr.$ altarh n9r 0$t0dhrrricnrb$ofthiiro\rnsp!.rl \rhrh
€nsurps doreeilrLrgh trcxmtytoi 0wfiosrfen 5it0nRem0va of \-' CLASSIFICATIONOF FOULING
arftmualoni 0fbamare founqbyund€lwarer rrrubb n! rc5!lt5nd
'o\r!hen n!0lih€rudd(eind dson dsp'ead n! d'0urd 0ldb00!a y A r r r nb o l e m r b d { , p r n r l osuainnagr i e m b adqf fee01fr n t l y p e
arri( w llavolrlNdp die(olonisalonblyermorc bdrnar erstheinevitib e jcrw€od, minygftmrndbrorvn vareles,wlrik anmaloun9(0ft0r as
' p r t! ! W hrchnc rm
n i5 d e l h e l hr cpm r h r 0 n i hl !ehruh prnrFllyUarni( es(irom dnd !0orened),tubewomtp0 Eoi(hydm ds
! c 0 b ' { l o " n d - . , . e . i ' - . 0 1 ' . o l - ( o x 0 o r r(oo f b o '
Sarnader"6ooreneck 5prrili(aly idapled f0fpankon r ifealtirhed 0 d|\dd (darom\)and tuoon
roi0iriig0bleft,goosene bimatu.retheercprioitotheru ethitthe (onniry m50me belpifie idur f0ms 0lfoulnq $rharmusse r dnd
ihorelne pa inddnmi roflmu0 t esarcthes0urre ofi lmamsropi( b!rnid?5 drcn0rlloitnqaoudinrhe\4,tef f.tidyh bealrached 1o
lo! nqprob m'They dfferftonr i(ombinr(e5inlravnq ongfeathery nr!turs,ris$ralvae0fied$oreswhdl]oilao!nd nlhelop100 f€el
r.l5 Wreirdrlrrb€yi'eaound l0(mn knqr.Tk epaibarnd(e r orr0ofrhewarefr.The mom€nl a irv?esett|el 0nI nrud!rcth0
ommonly foLrnd
afirrhedh ll0iring obler15,buram0'€sev!'e Fobem!
! m . r m o | p 1ooqsn' rs} e k 0 r l o ' e d o r , o ei!, i 4 r ' r _ - n g
cljedby(ofth0derma'ir q00sened rypi.it f0und itirrh!drowhak! r yiribhindm,yGnqe frcm!bolr!t we€ltntherlse0fbamir elaruae,
lllarinetouling I\'laine
Fouling

Hydroids tubularia)A$0qhpaft lke n appeiranre

ftypi(ally l0i mafter
0lhomnthectr oflaryaeofemeiuk womjmdhldroidj
hydndirctnairnimir for n! foml.The
!0cled fl0werlreidlde 5|thin aijt!tupihiDrdo!sind
h enswe 5!ovi theinima5prod!.e
itua y baftef
es0l!Ir! ngc15u/hrhdesedtopaE|)4e mdcpture lirqenumberol ipie.Analvebani.qforexampeu/ prcduft10,000
pdnhor r I00dHydoid!ircroonii turhdmaij peedini ne
formi ind 5ea50n.
Reprodudvep0cnr
il s 0ny one0fseven ift brtes
$al
{!p,tebody ha5i5iq eAenrqwh{hserues borh asmolrlr
indins. dd1."L" d.h n q o ' . n d m . L p! d m . q ' . 0
iheyarcoften
fouodontheiils 0fvesrels
ardarcolienmirrcpre5sted
d rheintertidi
rhdetlrof thennat!nenvrcnmenltbeyhivelh€ab iryto
a9a€form5 n qemEthepis nnrfren qhtl0a 0wdlqie IoLr
ingr0 wrhnand exlrcme5oftemp{atuemd! niry,a$ rheablryroineh
Es(tr thelirsollirgewr5phrnamentrour!oMh5l0rnd0niher ircaj qLrtkrindfm Ito 5ufes;the cp&iryfornpd qmwth hiqhghlslhe
trff probkm ofmr nef0unql05hp5.Alho!qh it hisbes5hown tlral
5paweed 5presindcrli n9005enerkbarn&
esirerdpab e0finarhinq i0
llollus(!lUolu$ircparcdihe 5indde5lm irr0m!5s€5and0ynerj wateffl0w5!pr0l0ln06dnd0therbafmre iryireiriwater fl0w0fupr05
A l t h o u g h m o l 6 6 h a E i ht e
i radfst h
i dem e n l l n e a d s a r c r c d l , / e y km$,t r51iJ!!medthaltheb!kof5enkmenlto5hp!hulro(uw e
\llot\,hdlimrslbib rytoitti.htomov n9nrudusrqmM r 5n0mily thevesri5rtar0rryAgae sporcs
atudrthemrver i,lh n rnnlls 01
rontetwithi surf{ewhsss& ni ipe requ p oN decbt mqe'
pefodilorim.n&hmst.0nship!h! srheftkmentofpantfo! n9
P0lymaAithemmeagqsts,lh€rp in maI arc(0mp05ed
0fm,rny
clls ! orftrsl,herethere
5di abean 9hr,.rarc!ndthewatrdhemdafew
Ihey hivea hid a crc0ur
steletmlomefomsd€fl mdeiflrstrq meter be0u/t ghrt rcre!5iry
In tem t0sur!w, ghlenergy ben9
rt corlreEhi{inqeft E0wthhibt.nadase(oseobsp'{ar0frcwar a onveedt0thenr o ssgl lfood)by pholosynthesisAnima oryinismt
ther ir.e k€atpeiGnc They
lsri rer0fl$rares\vthwhi.h
t0Gt(h lrowqerdo mtrequireliqhtand bef0und
Gnthercfore 0ninyLrnderwdler

TubeWonns tulirrercgnft blrhe rhadwheckircolsrLrbes,lhese

lube'iwellinllar
masarcaqa npaikbnfeeds5indmlipth?rlood!5nq
arer0laddpr,ed
enti(,es.A!a (t 0r
Itlr.eioae(inels($a dcamoftr
ovatheI itarhmentsiteindirccpabe0lmognis nqrh{prclmc0f
th{fowns|t(ies
0ftenfesutingI thebudLrp 0fiqerompcir0m es

TunkatesTriolesirereJsr ridrnein mii 50me 0f\{h(harc

mporrantfou n!0Einisl11lTunrrhr w niwdeong€olhdbihtsl'0m
tlrr0wcrpl|t0itlrrJc downl0wat€60f0ftatdepth S0mesperesirc
iMrhed 10s0dsui(essudassh psu/heothors lniflirhpd10oos€
r u b s r r i st or n
f d r n d ' n r d l { o s t 5 0 e . e l f erendum
r eapniyn0r fnt l l s
ofthepankton,wh (htEf terfrom i nream 0fwaterdo!i/nthr0ugh rhr
oralopenirl0 intohepalonted phirynx andexFrhrouqh thea r open n9.
Th5(u!nlb'n0srcquedoxi0enind aIesaway\varGprodurts.
 MarineFoulinq MdineFouling

BARNACLES ANIMALFOULING

5 p l e r e i r fm0a! r q mr e u r d e a r0?rFarl 0 n 0 f a n5 uhnr tq ( ? n i d d

o r n d p f a L r p W ! l ' 1 1 0 .nrrrrhcp. rar loLneL m p rloi .fr m i l ( i r t

I i ii. ri, irrii.l rtu ( lLl.1ifi f lir o i r /f r i) drl) L(fi il rr li'rnriif : ! . f j l r l r fl o L i r t 0 ti d r t r i 5 ! ( w t r ' ( i 5 i l n ]N o liri r r ! l0
f
Ma neFouling Itla neFoulinq

- ACORN
BARNACLES BARNACLES

l ( 0 0 r r I 0 f x ol nnm ier r! h f r m i ( r ; r m r a r r ( 0 0 $ r r r U t s t r r l A s c r l k i nm
g 0yfl n r n i r c s ! , / t h $ 0 n d r n rh! sr d
s cr 0s ri thr0 s d ! 0 f i
ol0rhrbrniftirh r r c srLr ( 0 r ( o n r i ( ld r c r l e r l5 i 1 0 l
 Ma netouling MarineFouling

BARNACLES ANIMALFOULING

SearcafmiloLrrit o fie mde|Dirter 0li jh Ifo! n! of add

mirrion
(r llri10d!hpi d ropa5ptup
on5lderdbr (onnrmm drimito I

/ 1 {0 i . L r t i i o i .rl[ t ( $ N . 11( i ( h r o L s 5 ^ r iroq ( ] r t n r l i r m i q l l!dr|r,].l rlr|lo{ iq liy]rqrlnlriLrr!sL\'r,1dr! I]0r(,1irrillr0

 MadneFoulinq MadneFoulin

BARNACLES.
ACORN - GOOSENECK
BARNACLES

smri(o'nbima(erand
mursclf0un90nthcunderdeofrhrb0ekee
iheshelolfir[imarh!rpma
hmofbilqe nsattl.hrd
tothesubsflrrp
when
even te h0lthean
m.lhisended. 60osene(l - Undelwarerexpos!n
B.marhs
Ma neFoulinq I$a nefouling

- GOOSENECK
BARNACLES HYDROID-IUBULARIA

tubuira'ilyp(ilrdoidAlhor0hp ifll- k nifpcirintt'hydrodsirc

B x(es rpe(ay idaprdforpankron
600rprc(N ( Ie.Thelouing 1yp(ianm IouingHydr0 dsaR,nfd( 0neofthem05l mportiftinriir
g0orcnrds ( indpfelur0setk0nd su[nrde
rrcr o(ern \vhr r 5 n I0ui! Tlrl fin lx distn9!ished
Ircmdgireindi0mebryozoir,wh.hthE
m0r0nc5hp!hu [irni(s5wrnrdtrwlrn$! shI
5.50mrq0o5$c(k s!trf( i l ruscmbqll lhcp0yf!rr t|lrppqrr$ endr!enrnl5h lre
 Iuarinetoulinq lladneFo||linq

TUBEWORMS MOLLUSCS

fubew0ms-
As0oled
Ssnuldr
Seliem€ntsheaverinwarner\i/ate6.
fe€dingirondu(Ed0ntheplanlton pit
r mro(op(orqansfniafiied
i (olonyof
M0lus(5'A(0se-upview0f m0lus(s

a,'
Ma neFouling I[arineFou'ing

TUNICATE
{sEASQUIRT) POLYZOA

\ersqffifonqon
rh€boomoirhP\h

r yeol aof tnl sa ,f w hm

P o l y z o a - ( 0 0 n i l i n i m a r \ ! r iei E i(h
iyar'lrcl
rcsulln ftnfus0nwilh0qinsmssurhdshldrods,ompound tuni.ates
andelen r!fiedreaweed Dvided ntu20ouFr€nftsinq andercd
 Marine
touling Marine
Fouling

ECTOCARPUS ALGAE.GRASS)
TBROWN PLANT-WEEDORALGAEFOULING

f!,t,d!doJrffl]i!trrlrr".irirfo:iLrmri!ie ftt0crf!i"il
ltu!rer;r! i lirurutiillNmmrnr hrff ri !F5tn! i!rr Lnp
0 l t h e j n r d l n 4 ! . . n f . ! i h r i i i er e r m b ; n ! l i d !A t i f e ' t
i mt e I iiqier !i! rlreI rLrl|elr o!L fn{t il Lr ik$ d trnr ht
rF fidi4 5fl| nlr:5trnri i_ori^ltrfltuItntuxurjhfrlroi
iL,!||r.i Lr$ rh!!r IornrDF!e 0r )r,'/hPl rlrr f}. ro fmof J nl
q(,(r l!{f!bi n!lrlq irlrr"em5rru(! e5pnhlltmrh.5nfi.
!!af ! !i lhr i nrf r iJ !l llretr r iit J !oLrti c(rtr ; ri l!|lin
rpri 1!lLr:otrrirlrpslniri/{l ri? mm i irfr( 5itu||$ llr!
'i
lhp iii rfpilnir:itr ,,i(mnt iLrth.i qii. m 5ilfi A0r
I0! nli i rilird Llritrs uf rhdr locjmr 10letur [!th Lri i]nl
e r i ; d d r i r c L d d r { l a , l r i :r r ! r o b i r r , r r i e ( i i r 1 i . r r . L i r r i
!p(i(!iri hllomr!r.riLriei r i Ipwr n
rtl ill LrirF Lri\mr !I fttoorl Li r i m d li lhit r ruiil
( e 5 rr ? (' r f t n ! r 0n ) [ ] i l l r ! n , r i ! i f h i o r h nn i f | r r ' " i ! 1 m j
(llr0r?r
llrinte\ryrd etun.;r|rirr rh r.onI mrorrrxr
( 1 1r r E r 5!L x! ! . r i q . r ! | n r r e l n f l l l n ! ! f i i ! i n ei r i ! P m r ;I
iluril.{rlltlilLrltidrsc'rrr{ri ! !liLl !!,r.{t.,plrri i rlrtrl
J t.r!ftler !rr!o!uo\ir trlt! Llr!pr(0i i rrr0l0 ) rdr! iel
r l i t i l i i i i I ; r l i r r o r , L r Lor"l i . r 0 r i ' ( j I r . . { i h -
rrir r h. t (r. r tril ir mi r.rt .til, irl lhi rit ilLtl ii
r rilcr fu l jtr 5d ins!r,/ t lfuvrl{(rurL!

r , r r i , r , r r r l t i I r l r ' l l L l 1 l (r i \ N l LN h l r d r l
' i , , r n t r r ' l r l l r r r I I t l r r r l i: l r r . r t r t\ r i " !
r t r l i L r r r N r llr { d n , L i r / r , i r r , r , l f l r l r l r r { \
I f(' ir,,lr i\ 'r!,r 1y' 1,,r'r
IUadne
Foulinq Marinefoulinq

ECTOCARPUS
AND ENTEROMORPHA {BROWNALGAE.GRA55)
ECTOCARPUS

futoa0ur(broNnilqae- qri$)- !ndelwiter (oour5

erporure.Th(
attbuted
t0tfrcpqmenll!(0iinlh rektoalp|5itvery
nlherporc50l
rmd dndan [e pdrNmn r fororedaybelore
thelrelreftrcarpu5
tulooQ!5and[ (ommon
lomonhi]t1on I0rmr
0lq'een
indbrcwn
Eass dofiriniRsrnr0nd
ron!0l0we' 0hrnremry
 MadneFouling Marinetoulin

(GREEN
ENTEROMORPHA GRASS) ECTOCARPUS
AND ENTEROMORPHA

5wepformt0fqr€en
EdsiAI E€endlqae qrals
dre0fEeen r0oLrt
owing
tolhepredorn
nanftofd
orcphy .
a

L griss.Ai
Sewcf0 nsof9rcen g6ssolouto!l/ng
a9iearcofEeen
9rcen
to epredomininc
oldlorophyll kocrpLrsind
EnteronDrpha
Moitommon grcenind
fornsof gBis,
brcwn

lf
le
Illarine
touling Ma neFouling

(REDALGAE)
RHODOPHYCEA (GREEN
ENTEROMORPHA GRASS)

- seweform!ofrcd?q?e.
Rhodoplryrei (Eeen
Entercmorpha qnst.Thrkerdnd tontru0ut
nrorc trrt
drcund
aftrin€
wherc anobia
thea9d€ nmmesunqlrtrndene4y
th'0uqh

Remov?lof
Eeeni!ae,exporng5oundant painl
Joulinq

r'€