COMPLETE AND RETURN IT TO MR.

LLUPO ON THE DAY OF THE CHAPTER TEST

Chapter 8 Workbook NAME: ___________________________________________

Section 8.1 Review - Exploring Space

Multiple Choice

1. What was the last area that people began to 6. What type of telescope is illustrated in the diagram
explore? below?
a. Earth’s continents
b. South Pole
c. North Pole
d. space
e. oceans

2. What is a benefit of using unpiloted instruments to

explore space?
a. They are inexpensive.
b. They can think on their own.
c. They are more interesting.
d. They never break down.
e. They don’t need food and air.
a. reflecting telescope
3. Which of the following is not a form of b. radio telescope
electromagnetic radiation? c. non-optical telescope
a. sound d. refracting telescope
b. visible light e. X-ray telescope
c. X rays
d. microwaves 7. What is an advantage of putting telescopes in space?
e. radio waves a. Launching telescopes into space is inexpensive.
b. Telescopes in space are subjected to a constant
4. Which of the following forms of radiation has the temperature.
longest wavelength? c. Telescopes in space can take long exposures of
a. microwaves certain parts of the sky without being affected by
b. gamma rays daylight and bad weather.
c. visible light d. Without a solid base, telescopes in space are easy
d. radio waves to point accurately and to keep pointing in a
e. ultraviolet radiation particular direction.
e. The working lives of space telescopes are very
5. Which of the following types of telescopes uses short, sometimes lasting for only a few days.
mirrors to collect and focus visible light?
a. reflecting telescope 8. Which of the following satellites gathers data from the
b. radio telescope Sun?
c. non-optical telescope a. MOST
d. refracting telescope b. Hubble Space Telescope
e. X-ray telescope c. Mars Climate Orbiter
d. MESSENGER
e. SOHO

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Multiple Choice

9. What is a risk of sending orbiters to other planets? 13. Which of the following satellites is geosynchronous?
a. They may run out of food. a. the International Space Station
b. They may run out of air. b. ENVISAT
c. They may lose contact with scientists on Earth. c. Anik 1
d. They may send back images not obtainable d. MESSENGER
from Earth. e. SOHO
e. They may last only two or three years.

10. What is a benefit of using a lander to explore a 14. Who was the first Canadian to travel to the
planet’s surface? International Space Station?
a. Landers take direct measurements of the surface a. Chris Hadfield
and atmosphere of a planet. b. Julie Payette
b. Landers are inexpensive. c. Robert Thirsk
c. Landers are designed to last only a few months. d. Roberta Bondar
d. Landers take indirect measurements of the e. Steve MacLean
surface and atmosphere of a planet.
e. Landers must be able to land safely on an 15. Which of the following technologies was originally
unfamiliar surface. designed for use in space and has been adapted to
handle radioactive waste in underground storage
11. Which of the following services cannot be tanks on Earth?
provided by satellites? a. Dextre
a. weather reports b. Canadarm
b. communication c. the International Space Station
c. navigation d. Canadarm2
d. Internet access e. the Light Duty Utility Arm
e. transportation
16. Which of the following questions outlines an
12. What field of study has benefitted most from the environmental concern related to the ethical use of
ENVISAT satellite? space resources and space exploration?
a. climatology a. Do humans have the right to explore other
b. optics environments around the solar system?
c. astronomy b. Do humans have the right to take materials from
d. physics other bodies in the solar system?
e. microbiology c. Who is responsible for cleaning up any damage
or debris caused by space exploration and
development?
d. Who owns space resources and who should
decide how space resources will be used?
e. Should countries share technology and
resources acquired through the exploration of
space?

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Section 8.1 Review - Exploring Space
Written Answer

17. Why do people explore the world around them?

18. Give three examples of challenges faced by people in space.

19. What is electromagnetic radiation? Give examples of four types of electromagnetic radiation.

20. How do non-optical telescopes work?

21. The diagram below shows the electromagnetic spectrum. What wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum can
people see with the unaided eye?

22. What are two advantages of putting telescopes in space?

23. What is the purpose of the MOST space telescope?

24. What is an orbiter?

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Written Answer
25. How is an orbiter different from a lander?

26. What type of error resulted in the failure of the Mars Climate Orbiter mission?

27. Explain how satellites can help farmers improve their crop yields.

28. What is remote sensing?

29. The illustration on the right shows the altitudes at which different satellites orbit Earth.
a. How much higher than airplanes does the International Space Station orbit?

b. How many times higher than the ISS do GPS satellites orbit?

30. Identify three uses of data collected by ENVISAT.

31. How have Canadian engineers contributed to the success of the U.S. space
program?

32. Identify four sources of space junk.

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Section 8.2 Review - Exploring the Sun
Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is the current leading 5. The diagram below shows the processes of energy
theory regarding how the Sun, other stars, and transfer in the Sun. What process transfers most of the
planets form? energy outward from the core of the Sun?
a. the solar flare theory
b. the big bang theory
c. the solar nebula theory
d. the solar fusion theory
e. the protostar theory

2. Which stage comes first in the formation of a star?

a. protostar
b. planetesimal
c. star
d. planet
e. nebula

3. Which of the following phenomena supports the

idea that planets form as the solar nebula flattens a. nuclear fusion
into a disk-like shape? b. conduction
a. All the planets in the solar system are more or c. convection
less in the plane of the disk and revolve around d. radiation
the Sun in the same direction. e. compression
b. Half the planets in the solar system are small
and rocky, and half are large and gaseous. 6. What do scientists call the “surface” of the Sun?
c. The Sun is at the centre of the solar system, and a. solar flare
the planets revolve around the Sun. b. sunspot
d. Most of the planets in the solar system have c. solar nebula
moons that revolve around them. d. protostar
e. Most of the planets in the solar system revolve e. photosphere
around the Sun in different directions.
7. During what type of event do magnetic fields
4. What is one way that scientists detect extrasolar explosively eject intense streams of charged particles
planets? into space from the Sun’s surface?
a. They can see them by using simple optical a. solar winds
telescopes from Earth’s surface. b. sunspots
b. They detect changes in a star’s light emissions c. solar flares
when a planet passes between the star and d. auroras
Earth. e. solar nebulae
c. They analyze the patterns of sunspots caused by
nuclear fusion reactions on other stars. 8. Most of the solar radiation that reaches Earth’s surface is
d. They send satellites throughout the universe. what type of radiation?
e. They analyze chemical samples collected by a. X rays and visible light
landers. b. visible light and infrared radiation
c. ultraviolet radiation and X rays
d. gamma rays and ultraviolet radiation
e. infrared radiation and gamma rays

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Section 8.2 Review - Exploring the Sun
Written Answer

9. Summarize the solar nebula theory.

10. What are two pieces of evidence that support the idea that planets form when nebulae flatten and spin around a
new star?

11. What are extrasolar planets, and how does their presence support the solar nebula theory?

12. What causes a star to be luminous?

13. What is unique about how the Sun rotates around its axis?

14. How do solar flares cause auroras?

15. Through what process do the outer layers of the Sun transfer energy?

16. The diagram below shows what happens to solar radiation that enters Earth’s atmosphere.
a. What percentage of incoming solar radiation is reflected by the atmosphere and surface?
b. What percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface and the atmosphere?

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Section 8.3 Review - Exploring Other Stars
Multiple Choice

1. When scientists study the total amount of energy 4. What information can scientists learn from the colour
radiated by a star per second, what property are of a star?
they studying? a. the star’s luminosity
a. stellar wind b. the star’s distance from Earth
b. absolute magnitude c. the star’s absolute magnitude
c. temperature d. the star’s surface temperature
d. luminosity e. the star’s composition
e. apparent magnitude
5. Which of the following units is used to express the
2. Which of the following terms refers to a star’s mass of stars?
brightness if the star is at a distance of 32.6 light- a. astronomical units
years from Earth? b. light-years
a. stellar wind c. solar masses
b. absolute magnitude d. watts
c. temperature e. kilograms
d. luminosity
e. apparent magnitude 6. Which of the following characteristics of stars is not
plotted on a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram?
3. The diagram below shows the absorption spectra of a. luminosity
five elements. Which element is characterized by a b. colour
spectral line between 500 nm and 550 nm? c. size
d. temperature
e. apparent magnitude

7. Which of the following types of stars lies in the central

band of stars that stretches from the upper left to the
lower right of the H-R diagram?
a. main-sequence stars
b. red giants
c. neutron stars
d. red supergiants
e. white dwarfs
a. hydrogen
b. sodium 8. Into what type of celestial object does a low-mass star
c. helium evolve?
d. neon a. black hole
e. mercury b. supernova
c. white dwarf
d. main-sequence star
e. protostar

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Section 8.3 Review - Exploring Other Stars
Multiple Choice

9. Into what type of celestial object could a red 13. What type of celestial object forms when a star
supergiant evolve? Use the diagram below as a collapses after a supernova and compression causes
guide. protons and electrons to combine to form another
particle?
a. a Sun-like star
b. a neutron star
c. a pulsar
d. a black hole
e. a white dwarf

14. Which of the following celestial objects is a type of

neutron star?
a. a pulsar
b. a protostar
c. a black hole
a. red dwarf d. the Sun
b. protostar e. a supernova
c. white dwarf
d. red supergiant 15. Which of the following stars is most likely to
e. galaxy become a black hole?
a. a star that is greater than 20 solar masses
10. Into what type of celestial object does a Sun-like b. a star the size of the Sun
star evolve when the hydrogen in its core is used c. a star that is smaller than the Sun
up? d. a star that has a mass of five solar masses
a. neutron star e. a star that has become a white dwarf
b. red giant
c. black hole 16. When can astronomers detect a normally invisible
d. red supergiant black hole?
e. white dwarf a. when a black hole emits visible light
b. when a black hole turns into a supernova
11. What type of event occurs when a high-mass star c. when nuclear fusion begins in a black hole and
has used up the fuel in its core? it starts to emit radiation
a. a supernova d. when a black hole emits intense radiation after
b. a nebular collapse devouring gas, dust, and stars
c. nuclear fusion e. when the orbit of a black hole brings it close to
d. auroras Earth
e. a solar flare

12. What type of star is most likely to become a red

giant?
a. a white dwarf
b. a low-mass star
c. an intermediate-mass star
d. a high-mass star
e. a neutron star

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Section 8.3 Review - Exploring Other Stars
Written Answer

17. How is luminosity different from absolute magnitude?

18. Why do scientists determine absolute magnitude based on a standard distance from Earth?

19. How do scientists use colour to infer the surface temperature of a star?

20. How do scientists know that the Sun and other stars are made of hydrogen and helium?

21. What is a binary star system?

22. Six stars are shown on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram below: Arcturus, Proxima Centauri, Canopus, the Sun,
Aldebaran, and Vega.
a. Which star is the brightest? Explain your answer.
b. Which star is the coolest? Explain your answer.
c. Which stars are on the main sequence? Explain your answer.

23. What does a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram show?

24. What percentage of stars fall within the main sequence region on the H-R diagram?

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 Section 8.3 Review - Exploring Other Stars
Written Answer

25. The table below shows some properties of main-sequence stars.

a. According to the table, which stars are the brightest?
b. How much more massive is a white star than a red star?
Some Properties of Main-Sequence Stars

Surface
Colour Temperature (°C) Mass* Luminosity*
Blue 35 000 40 405 000

Blue-white 21 000 15 13 000

White 10 000 3.5 80

Yellow-white 7 500 1.7 6.4
Yellow 6 000 1.1 1.4
Orange 4 700 0.8 0.46
Red 3 300 0.5 0.08

*These properties are relative to the Sun.

26. Why does the universe not contain any black dwarf stars?

27. Compare low-mass stars and intermediate-mass stars in terms of how fast they consume their hydrogen fuel.

28. Describe what causes a supernova.

29. What factor determines whether a star will become a neutron star or a black hole after a supernova?

30. Describe the formation of a neutron star.

31. What is a pulsar?

32. What is a black hole?

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Chapter 8 Review - Exploring Our Stellar Neighbourhood
Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following forms of radiation has the 4. What temperature are most sunspots?
shortest wavelength? a. 15 000 000°C
a. microwaves b. 10 000 000°C
b. gamma rays c. 50 000°C
c. visible light d. 6000°C
d. radio waves e. 4500°C
e. ultraviolet radiation
5. Approximately how often do sunspots peak in
2. What type of telescope is illustrated in the diagram number?
below? a. once a year
b. every 6 years
c. every 11 years
d. every 22 years
e. every 1100 years

6. What is the absolute magnitude of the Sun?

a. 32.6 light-years
b. 4.7
c. –26
d. 1 solar mass
e. 3.839  1026 W
a. reflecting telescope 7. What did astronomers discover from the Hertzsprung-
b. radio telescope Russell diagram?
c. non-optical telescope a. Stars are all the same size.
d. refracting telescope b. Stars are all the same colour.
e. X-ray telescope c. Stars are all the same temperature.
d. Stars are all the same apparent magnitude.
3. What term describes dark areas on the Sun’s e. There are several different categories of stars.
surface that experience a stronger magnetic field?
a. planetesimals 8. Which of the following celestial objects forms from
b. sunspots the collapse of a star that has an initial mass of more
c. solar nebulae than 25 solar masses?
d. protostars a. a black hole
e. photospheres b. a white dwarf
c. a neutron star
d. a red giant
e. a pulsar

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Chapter 8 Review - Exploring Our Stellar Neighbourhood
Written Answer

9. Compare how a reflecting telescope works with how a refracting telescope works.

10. What are two advantages of using non-optical telescopes over telescopes that detect only visible light?

11. What are two costs of space exploration?

12. What are two ethical issues related to space exploration?

13. How has space exploration improved life for people on Earth?

14. Describe how the Canadian Space Agency’s lidar instrument works to provide data on Mars’s atmosphere.

15. Why is the Sun the most important celestial object for life on Earth?

16. The illustration below shows three stages in the formation of a solar system.
a. Identify object A. What causes object A to form?
b. Identify objects B and C. How does object B become object C?

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 Chapter 8 Review - Exploring Our Stellar Neighbourhood
Written Answer

17. What is an extrasolar planet?

18. Why can astronomers not see extrasolar planets?

19. What happens during nuclear fusion?

20. What causes sunspots?

21. How can solar flares affect technology on Earth?

22. How is absolute magnitude different from apparent magnitude?

23. Describe a star that lies far above the main sequence on the H-R diagram.

24. The following table shows how much the orbits of Pluto and the planets are inclined to the plane of the solar
system. Based on the solar nebula theory, do you think Pluto formed at the same time as the planets?

Inclination of Planets and Pluto

Celestial Object Inclination of Orbit

Mercury 7.0°
Venus 3.4°
Earth 0.0°
Mars 1.9°
Jupiter 1.3°
Saturn 2.5°
Uranus 0.8°
Neptune 1.8°
Pluto 17°

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Chapter 8 Review - Exploring Our Stellar Neighbourhood
Written Answer

25. In one or two sentences, describe what you think Canada’s government should do to ensure that space resources are
used to help all humankind, rather than just to provide an advantage for one country or another.

26. Create a flowchart that illustrates how gas and dust in a nebula may become a solar system like Earth’s.

27. Draw a diagram that illustrates what happens to solar radiation that reaches Earth from the Sun. Be sure to include
the types of radiation and how they interact with Earth’s atmosphere and surface.

28. Create a flowchart that outlines the stages of the life cycle of a massive star from solar nebula to the final stages.

29. The diagram below shows what wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation reach Earth’s surface through the
atmosphere. Based on this diagram, which non-optical telescopes can be placed on Earth’s surface, and which must be
placed in space?

30. Imagine that one country has developed a technology that allows its scientists to collect materials from Mars and
return those materials to Earth. In your opinion, who owns those resources and who has the right to decide how
those resources will be used?Explain your answer.

31. Dr. Carl Sagan once said, “We are made of star stuff.” Write a short paragraph that explains what this quote means.

32. What type of star is in the centre of the Crab Nebula?

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