succinct (adj) clear and short; glaustas; trumpas

overwhelming (adj) difficult to fight against; didelis, neiveikiamas

vulnerable (adj); pazeidziamas

vulnerability (n) pazeidziamumas, suzeidziamumas

emotional appeal (phr) provokuoti emocija pvz tevai sako vaikui suvalgyti viska nes yra vaiku kurie neturi
valgyti jie issaukia liuddesi ir kalte

flamboyant style (phr) prasmatnus, norintis kad pamatytum ji (flamboyant) phase of

late Gothic architecture in 15th-century France and Spain

Inhibit (v) to prevent someone from doing smth. By making them feel nervous/embarrassed
SLOPINTI,NELEISTI

procrastinate (v); to keep delaying smth. That must be done often bc its boring/unpleasant ATIDELIOTI

procrastination (n) atideliojimas

sufficient vs. insufficient (adj) enough for particular purpose PAKANKAMAS vs. Not enough nepakankamas

comprehensive (adj) complete and including everything that is necessary ISSAMUS

implement (v) to start using a plan/system IGYVENDINTI

implementation (n) igyvendinimas

disadvantaged (adj) not having the standard of living conditions, education, etc. that most people have

tug at the heartstrings (idiom) to cause strong feeling of love or sympathy

be on a roll (idiom) to be having a successful or lucky period

underperform (v) to operate in a less successful way than other things of the same type PRASCIAU
ATLIKTI

legacy (n) palikimas

by a mile (idiom) by a very large ammount greater or better tan smth. else

enchanting (adj) very preasant KERINTIS

educationally deficient (phr) issilavinimo trukumas

root for someone (idm) to hope for someones success

Unit 2

abide by the rules (phr) laikytis taisykliu

dread (v); bijoti to feel extremely worried or frightened about something that is going to happen or
that might happen

mortal dread (phr) mirtingoji baime

explicitly (adv) aiskiai in a way that is clear and exact

medium (n) vidutinis

miraculous (adj) stebuklinga ? very effective or surprising, or difficult to believe

proper noun (n) tikrinis daiktavardis

singsong (adj) (of a voice) rising and falling in level

speech impediment (n) a difficulty in speaking clearly, such as a lisp or stammer

stutter (n) mikcioti

be based solely on (something) (phr) an opinion or judgement that is based only on certain facts or
evidence

be inextricably linked (phr) buti neatsiejamai susije

clunky (adj) heavy and solid in an ugly way GREMEZDISKAS

come clean about (something) (phr) to tell the truth about something that you have
been keeping secret

comprehensively (adv) = COMPLETELY visiskai

conceptual (adj) based on ideas or principles

contagious (adj) uzkreciama (liga)

confessional (adj) ispazinties kambariukas

paramount (adj) svarbiausias

pepper (something with something) papipirinti

relatable (adj) that someone can understand or feel sympathy for

serene (adj) peaceful and calm, worried by nothing

get away with sth (phr v) avoid punishment

loophole (n) a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone

the chance to avoid having to do something
temptation (n) the wish to do or have something that you know you should not do or have:

overly (adj) per daug *very*

a foregone conclusion (phr) a result that is obvious to everyone even before it happens

in all likelihood (phr) almost certainly

snapshot (n) a photograph

considerably (adj) large or of noticeable importance

by all means (idiom) = definitely, certainly

by no means (idiom) in no way, certainly not

a leap in the dark (idiom?) something you do without being certain what will happen as a result

adrenaline junkie (phr) adrenalino megejas narkomanas

be a bundle of nerves (phr) someone who is extremely nervous and worried:

be insulated against (something) (v)

get (someone's) drift (phr) to understand the general meaning of what someone is saying

get acquainted with (something) (phr) to know or be familiar with something, because you
have studied it or have experienced it before

get your hopes up (phr) To become enthusiastic about something that is not yet guaranteed to
happen

give up hope (phr) to stop hoping that a particular thing will happen

have butterflies in your stomach (phr) you are anxious and have a nervous feeling in your stomach

have your hopes dashed (phr) to destroy someone's hopes

get cold feet (idiom) to suddenly become too frightened to do something you had planned to
do,

pin one’s hopes on something/someone (idiom) to hope very much for a good outcome from (something
or someone) especially when other options are not available or are not pursued

pluck up one’s courage (idiom) to force yourself to be brave enough to do

something, although you are frightened or worried about it

inmate (n) kalejimo draugas kameroj

pluck up courage (phr) pasisemti drasos

the sky's the limit (phr) there is no limit

preventative (adj) = preventive PREVENCINIS

repellent (n) a substance used to repel something (repel- to force someone or something
to stop moving towards you or attacking you

worst-case scenario (n) the most unpleasant or serious thing that could happen in a situation

immune (adj) protected against a particular disease by particular substances in the blood:

stranded (adj) unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having
any transport or money ISTRIGES

lengthy (adj) CONTINUING FOR A LONG TIME ilgas

invaluable (adj) extremely useful neikainojamas

go into military mode (phr)

obscure (adj) not known to many people

someone's heart is in their mouth (idiom) feeling extremely nervous

better still (phr) used to say that a particular choice would be more satisfactory

pvz.; Why don't you give her a call or, better still, go and see her?

intersect with (v) to meet and cross at a point

dire circumstances (n) Dire is used to emphasize how serious or terrible a situation or event is.

drudgery (n) hard boring work

marginalize (v) to treat someone or something as if they are not important

take sth for granted unrest (n)

adversity (n) a difficult or unlucky situation or event

setback (n) something that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing

hamper (v) to prevent someone doing something easily TRUKDYTI

resilient (adj) able to be happy, successful, etc. again after

something difficult or bad has happened ATSPARUS

find a sympathetic ear crushing (adj) SOMEONE LISTENS sympathetically...?

valiantly (adj) in a way that is brave or determined when a situation is very difficult
NARSIAI

against all the odds If you do or achieve something against (all) the odds/against all odds, you
do or achieve it although there were a lot of problems and you were not likely to succeed
incumbent (n) officially having the named position PAREIGAS EINANTIS

it takes guts to… (idiom) TAKES A LOT OF COURAGE

nasty (adj) BAD OR VERY UNPLEASANT

unwavering (adj) never moving or looking away from something

PVZ.; SHE MET HIS UNWAVERING STARE

make ends meet (idiom) to have just enough money to pay for the things that you need

fortune favours the brave (idiom) a successful person is often one who is willing to take risks.

put a brave face on (idiom) to behave as if a problem is not important or does not worry you:

put up a brave fight (phr) To make a brave or valiant effort against someone or something

have the courage of one’s convictions (phr) to be brave and confident enough to do what
you believe in

relieve the tension (phr) to release bodily or mental tension

brave the elements (idiom) to go out in bad weather

take one’s courage in both hands (phr) to nerve oneself to perform an action

have the guts (idiom) turet kiausus

acknowledgement (n)

unverifiable (adj) not able to be proved to be true

content (n) TURINYS

thoroughly (adj) completely, KRUOPSCIAI

UNIT 4

alpha characteristics (phr) often leads or influences others

gender grade gap (phr) the differences between women and men, especially as reflected in
social,political..attitudes

impostor syndrome (phr) the feeling that your achievements are not real or that you do
not deserve praise or success

impostor (n) a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others

hunched (adj) leaning forward with your shoulders raised, or bending your back and shoulders into
a rounded shape

power dynamics (phr) the relatonships between people in an organization

nonverbal (adj) vs. verbal (adj)

nonverbal behaviour (phr) pvz.: kuno kalba

nonverbal cues (phr) all the communication between people that do not have a direct verbal
translation

perception (n) a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem

posture (n) laikysena

set great store by sth (idiom) to think that something is extremely important or necessary

requisite (adj) necessary or needed for a particular purpose

willpower (n)

deploy (v) to use something or someone, especially in an effective way

incremental (adj)

caricature (n) karikatura

complement (v) pvz.: Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. PAPILDO

congenitally (adv) existing since birth

contemptuous (adj) expressing a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone/something

core identity (n) things that make one unique as individual

fraud (n) the crime of getting money by deceiving people

make a sweeping judgement (phr) something that you say or write that is too general and that has
not been carefully thought
oversimplify (v) to describe or explain something in such a simple way that it is
no longer correct or true

power dynamic (n) Methods used by different groups of people to influence or control each
other

powerlessness (n)

quicksand (n) deep weet sand that sucks in anyone trying to walk across ARBA
a situation, especially one that is unpleasant to deal with, that is very difficult for
someone to get out of

tiny tweak (phr) A SMALL CHANGE TO SMTH TO FINISH OR IMPROVE IT

wink (n)

unfold (v)

sweeping (adj) affecting many things or people

contagious behaviour (phr)

lifehack (n)

collapse (v)

assertive (adj) Someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say
what they want or believe

prime (v) main, most important

pitch (n)

saliva (n)

heckle (v)
to interrupt a public speech or performance with loud, unfriendly statements or que
stions

spike (v) to decide not to publish an article in a newspaper

cortisol (n) kazkoks hormonas

variable (n) likely to change often

captivating (adj) holding your attention by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant,
or attractive

residue (n) likutis

resonate (v) to produce, increase, or fill with sound, by vibrating (= shaking) objects that are
near pvz.: His voice resonated in the empty church.
withdraw (v) to take or move out or back or to remove

disrupt (v) sutrukdyti kazkam

around the clock (adj) all day all night without stopping

telephone exchange (n)

at the end of the day (phr) something that you say before you give the most important fact of
a situation

boredom (n) the state of being bored

bullishly (adv)

clench your fists (phr)

contempt (n) a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something

displeasure (n) a feeling of being annoyed or angry

draw someone out (phr) to

cause something to last longer than
is usual or necessary
drum your fingers (phr) to rapidly tap ones firgertips

flounder (v) to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or

say next

gape (v) to look in great surprise at someone or something, especially with an open mouth

grin (v) to smile a wide smile

indispensable (adj) Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that

you could not manage without it, him, or her. BUTINAS

compelling not budge an inch (phr) to not change your decition or opinion

push someone’s buttons (phr) to cause a strong reaction or emotion in someone (annoy someone)

raise your/an eyebrow (phr)

resentful (adj) = angry bc forced to accept someone that you dont like

roll your eyes (phr)

scowl (v) to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression

shrug your shoulders (phr) to show uncertainty

sneer (v)to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way

that shows you do not respect or approve of him, her, or it
tell-tale (adj) allowing a secret to become known

unprincipled (adj) having or showing no moral rules or standards of

good behaviour

unscrupulous (adj) behaving in a way that is dishonest or unfair in order to get

what you want

wince (v) to show pain or embarrassment suddenly and for

a short time in the face, often moving the head back at the same time
SUSIRAUKTI

concisely (adv) in
a short and clear way that expresses what needs to be said
without unnecessary words:
give (someone) a hand (phr)

the thin, dried skin of some animals that was used in the past
parchment (n)
for writing on, or a high-quality paper made to look like this
extensive (adj) covering a large area

hollow (adj) having a hole or empty space inside TUSCIAVIDURIS

take (smb or sth) by surprise (idiom) TO HAPPEN UNEXPECTEDLY

peeling (n)

the process of gaining freedom and power to do what

empowerment (n)
you want or to control what happens to you
flex (v)

redundant (adj) (especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is

more than is needed

ground-breaking (adj) very new and a big change from other things of its type
consistently (adv) in a way that does not change

sound (adj) not broken or damaged; healthy; in good condition

walk someone through sth (phr v) to explain something to someone or show how to
do something

put someone out (phr v) to cause trouble or extra work for someone
 UNIT 5

Unit 5
Pages 52-53
favela (n) a shantytown in or near a city, especially in Brazil ;
slum area
mesmerize (v) to have someones attention completely so that they
cannot think of anything else
mortality (n) Mirstamumas, mirtis
paralytic (adj) Relating to PARALYSIS
physician (n) A medical doctor
poverty line (n)
life- changing pursuits (phr); productive Pursuit- an attempt to achieve something
pursuits (phr)
scrutiny (n) Careful / detailed examination of something in order
to get info about it

Pages 54-55 (5.1)

comprehensible (adj) Able to be understood
The action of being / doing something that is different
deviation (n) from the usual or common way of bahaving
emerging economy (n) Economy that is transitioning into a developed
economy
explicitly (adv) In a way that is clear and exact
hardcore (adj) ; the hardcore in some area Having a strog belief or interest in something or a lot
(e.g., green movement) of determination to do it
prolong (v) To make smth last a longer time
imply (v) To communicate an idea or feeling without saying it
directly
mill (n) ? A buiding where grain is crushed into flour
penetrate (v) ? To move into ir through something
president-elect (n) The person who has been voted to be president
remote destination (phr) Far away from cities, difficult to get to
fellow human beings (phr) A person other that yourself
time-consuming labour (phr)
environmentally-concerned (adj)
energy -efficient (adj) Using less energy to perform the same task

Workbook : p. 45
fall back on (something or somebody) (phr. to
v.) usesomething, especially a form of financial support,
when other things have failed
let (somebody) down (phr. v.) Nuvilti kazka
set about (doing something) (phr. v.) To start doing smth (smth that uses a lot of time/
energy)
take (somebody) through (something) (phr. To explain something to someone
v.)

Pages 56-57 (5.2)

appliance (n) Device, machine or a piece of equipment, such as
cooker or washing machine
disparity (n) A lack of equality or similarity, in a way that is not fair
insulation (n) The act of covering smth to stop heat, sound or
electricity from escaping or entering
legislate (v) If a government legislates, it makes a new law
power plant (n) A power station
refrigeration (n) Keeping food or drink cold so it stays fresh
thermal (adj) Connected with heat

Workbook : pp. 46 - 47
sack (v) To remove someone from job, usually if they done
smth wrong
embed (v) To fix smth firmly into a substance
prioritize renewable energy (phr)
ozone-depleting substances (phr)
make an attempt .
a decision .
an announcement .
an assessment The act of judging/deciding the ammount,value...
a complaint .
an alowance Take into consideration
progress
a compromise
a conclusion
reach an agreement
a compromise
a decision
a conclusion
give consideration (to) Think about it carefully
priority (to)
preference (to)
thought (to)
infomation
an order
an answer
Pages 58-59 (5.3)
amenity (n) Something that makes life more pleasant for people in
town, hotel..(swimming pool, shoping centre)
bail out (phr) To jump out of an aircraft with a parachute because its
going to be an accident
commodity (n) A substance or product that can be traded, bought, or
sold
creditor (n) Someone who money is owed to
cut interest rates (phr) Central bank decision to reduce its main interest rate
diligence (n) The quality of working carefully and with a lot of effort
enjoy a(n) (economic) boom (phr) The expansion and peak phases of the business cycle
expand an operation (phr)
idle (adj) Not working or being used
inherent (adj) Existing as a natural or basic part of something
landowner (n) Someone who owns land, especially a large amount of
land
levy (v) An amount of money, such as tax, that you have to pay
to a government or organization
make a dash for the exit (phr) To run quickly to
precipitate (v) To make something happen suddently of sooner than
expected
speculate (v) To guess possible answers
speculator (n) A person who buys goods, property,money in the hope
of selling them at a profit
stifle (economic) recovery (phr)

Grappled with

Unfounded

Gut reaction

Turbulence

Living hand to mouth

Unit 7
Pages 74-75
abject (adj) humilliating, left with no pride or dignity
adversity (n) A difficult or unlucky situation or event
authoritative (adj) Confident, in control, respected
backdrop (n) Painted cloth hung at the back of stage during performance
colonialism (n) One country controls another
definitive (adj) authoratitive and complete; best of its type

impressionable (adj) easily influenced or led

to malign (v) accuse falsely or criticize in a spiteful way; causing or intending
to cause harm or evil

resilience (n) the ability to be happy after smth bad has happened; toughness,
quick recover
synonymous (adj) so closely connected that it appears the same as
spiteful (adj) Wanting to upset, hurt, annoy another person

Pages 76-77
conventional wisdom (phr) Commonly held and widely accepted idea and belief
to dispossess (v) To take property (buildings) away from someone

to fleece (v) To take someone’s money dishonestly, by charging too much money
or by cheating them
irritable (adj) Becoming annoyed very easily
it loosely translates (phr) Translation is not exact,
to patronize (v) To speak or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not
important
to refurbish (v) To make building look new again
to rob (somebody) of
(something)
startled (adj) Surprised and slightly frightened
unintended consequence
(phr)
Bias (n) the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or
thing in an unfair way, because
of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment
Workbook : 64 -67
a literary idol (phr)
critical acclaim (phr) Approval and praise from critics
subconscious biases (phr) social stereotypes about certain groups of people that
individuals form outside their own conscious awareness
to embrace diversity (phr) Advocaring on behalf of others and creating fair conditions for
everyone.
preconception (n) An idea or opinion formed
attribute (n) a quality or characteristic that someone or something has
to grapple with (phr) to hold onto someone and fight with them
unfounded (adj) If a claim or piece of news is unfounded, it is
not based on fact
gut reaction a strong belief about someone or something that
cannot completely be explained and does not have to
be decided by reasoning
living hand to mouth (phr) to have just enough money to live on and nothing extra

Unit 11
Pages 118-119

to beam (v) transmit a signal by radio or light waves

in awe (phr) with overwhelming amazement, admiration or fear

obsolete (adj) out-of-date and no longer needed

to prompt (v) to make smth. happen

robust (adj) strong and well-built

slum (n) a very poor and crowded area, especially of a city

to tap into (something) (phr v) get access to smth. In a way that brings good results

to withstand (v) to be strong enough, atlaikyti

rough handling (of something) (phr)

Pages 120-121 (11.1)

to (be) made up of (something) (phr)

discerning (adj); discerningly (adv) having or showing good judgement

a short glimpse (phr) see someone for a very short time

hurdle (n) a frame or fence for jumping over in a race

to level the playing field (idiom) to make situation fair for everyone

to not have the foggiest idea (phr) to not know or understand smth at all

to pore over (something) (phr v) to look at and study smth. Usually a book or document, carefully

to set (something) in motion (phr) to begin, start something

to set the stage (for something) (phr) to make it possible for smth else to happen
topical (adj) of interest at the present time; relating to things that are happening at present

Workbook : 104 - 105

curriculum (n) the subjects studied in school, college and what each subject includes

tackle (v) to try to deal with something or someone

groundbreaking (adj) new and big change from the other things of its type

prodigy (n) a child who shows great ability at a young age

credible (adj) able to be believed or trusted

bare necessities (phr) the most basic things you need to live or to do smth

?far-reaching implications (phr)

efficacy (n) the ability of smth to produce the intended result

play out (phr) when an event is played out, it happens

proponent (n) a person who supports an idea, plan or cause

to have no command/ a good command of English (phr) blogai/gerai moketi anglu

Pages 122-123 (11.2)

apprenticeship (n) a period of time working as an apprentice

vocational (adj) providing skills and education that prepare you for a job

Pages 124-125 (11.3)

(be) thin on the ground (phr) to exist only in small numbers or amounts

apposite (adj) suitable, proper, right for the occasion

???assimilate (v) to understand and remember new info and make it part of your basic knowladge
so that you can use it as your own

call (something) to mind (phr) to remember something

consign (v) to send, allocate something to someone

enshrine (v) preserve, foster (puoseleti)

evoke (v) to make someone remember smth or feel an emotion

get the hang of (something) (phr) to learn how to do smth. Especially if it is not simple

harness (v) control and make use of (LT įkinkyti)

hone (v) smooth and sharpen (LT gludinti)

pertinent (adj) - relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite, related

recite (something) by heart (phr) repeat smth exactly without looking at it

reel off (phr v) to say a long list of things quickly and without stopping.

reinforce (v) to provide more proof or support to opinon or an idea so that it seems true

reminisce (v) to talk or write about past experiences that you remember with pleasure

retain (v) to keep or continue to have something

revive (v) to come or bring smth back to life, health, existence or use

rote learning (n) learning something in order to be able to repeat it from memory

self-directed learning (n) kai pats viska daraai, mokais

spatial awareness (n) being aware of your surroundings and your position relative to them

? take in (phr v) nclude

Workbook : pp. 108 - 109

(mental )? acuity (n) a person's ability to reason, focus, and recall information at optimum speeds;
sharpness of the mind;

dubious (adj) doubtful; not to be relied upon (LT abejotinas)

incidence (n) an event or the rate at which smth happens

memento (n) an item that you keep to remind you of a place or a person (LT atminimas, siuvenyras)

memorabilia (n) items that people collect because they are associated with a famous person, event or
date.

Page 126

(be) out of your depth (phr) not having the knowledge,experience, skills to deal with a particular
subjects or situation

(something) goes in one ear out the other (phr) someone pays no attention, or forgets it immidiatly

clueless (adj) having no knowledge of smth

daunting (adj) making you feel slightly frightened or worried about your ability to achieve smth

have (something) off pat (phr) to know smth so well that you can say or do it without having o try
or think
outset (n) the start or beginning

throw (someone) in at the deep end (phr) to make someone start a new
and difficult job or activity without helping them or preparing them for it