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Trabalho Ingles

The first subway system in the world opened in London in 1863, with an initial 6 km section running underground along city streets. In 1990, London Underground expanded to its current seven line, 84 station metro network to reduce traffic congestion in the growing city. The system's creator recognized that moving public transit underground or above ground on viaducts was the only solution to constant traffic jams. While steam power was initially used, the ventilation system was insufficient and poisoned some workers, showing the challenges of operating underground trains in early systems.

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Maely Mahara
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10 views3 pages

Trabalho Ingles

The first subway system in the world opened in London in 1863, with an initial 6 km section running underground along city streets. In 1990, London Underground expanded to its current seven line, 84 station metro network to reduce traffic congestion in the growing city. The system's creator recognized that moving public transit underground or above ground on viaducts was the only solution to constant traffic jams. While steam power was initially used, the ventilation system was insufficient and poisoned some workers, showing the challenges of operating underground trains in early systems.

Uploaded by

Maely Mahara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The First Subway in the World was built in London, more than 150 years

ago, in 1863. The inaugural section was 6 kilometers long, which were opened
following the layout of the streets in the center of the English capital, which
greatly facilitated the works .

In 1990, the system was transformed into a metro network, with seven
lines and 84 stations. The construction of this new transport system was
essential for the city, which at the time was the largest in the world. The London
Underground was designed to reduce traffic in the city. In 1850, pedestrian,
horse and cart traffic was unbearable.

The creator of the underground train, Charles Pearson, stated that the
only solution to constant traffic jams was to either transfer public transport onto
viaducts or underground.
It was then that 3,500 workers began to tear up huts and shacks, leaving
12,000 people homeless, precisely from the poorest section of the population.
Steam subway:
At that time electrical power was not widely installed, and London's
underground trains began to be powered by steam. The gases were collected in
a special wagon and only released outside the tunnel. The system, however,
was not ideal, as reported in the Observer newspaper of January 12, 1863:
“Despite excellent ventilation, employees have already started to feel the
negative effects. Two men became poisoned by the contaminated air and had
to be hospitalized. (…) Unfortunately, it is necessary to recognize that the
ventilation system is not yet refined enough. (…) Passengers will have to deal
with great discomfort.”

Other metropolises followed suit. Budapest, Paris and Berlin applied the
knowledge of British pioneers to underground transport.
The system also had a historical role, when during the Second World War,
practically all London citizens took refuge in its tunnels during the German
bombings in the Battle of Britain. By hiding in the tunnels, the citizens managed
to escape certain death if they had stayed on the surface (even if it was in their
homes).
Nowadays:

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