Scribd
Upload
25 views9 pages

Contraception

Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (pills), the vaginal ring, transdermal patch, injected hormones, and hormonal IUDs. They work by inhibiting the hormones LH and FSH through the use of estrogen and progesterone, which prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the uterus. Oral contraceptives come in constant-dose combination pills, triphasic pills, Seasonale, and progestin-only pills. They must be taken at the same time each day for maximum effectiveness and come with potential side effects like weight gain, mood changes, and headaches.

Uploaded by

mayafayez021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views9 pages

Contraception

Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (pills), the vaginal ring, transdermal patch, injected hormones, and hormonal IUDs. They work by inhibiting the hormones LH and FSH through the use of estrogen and progesterone, which prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to block sperm from reaching the uterus. Oral contraceptives come in constant-dose combination pills, triphasic pills, Seasonale, and progestin-only pills. They must be taken at the same time each day for maximum effectiveness and come with potential side effects like weight gain, mood changes, and headaches.

Uploaded by

mayafayez021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Contraception

Hormone-based contraceptives

5 types
1) Oral contraceptives (pills)
2) Vaginal ring
3) Transdermal patch
4) Injected hormones
5) Hormonal IUDs
How hormonal
contraceptives
Gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH)

work
triggers release of
gonadotropins FSH & LH

FSH & LH trigger


ovulation


Estrogen & progesterone in
hormonal contraceptives
inhibit LH, FSH, and GnRH
secretion, preventing ovulation

 Progesterone also:
•thickens cervical mucus to prevent
•changes uterinePassage of sperm into the uterus
lining to inhibit implantation
Types of oral contraceptives
• Constant-dose combination pill
– Contains both estrogen and progestin
– Dose of each is constant throughout cycle
• Triphasic pill
– Levels of hormones (estrogen & progestin) fluctuate during
cycle
• Seasonale
– Reduces the # of menstrual periods
– Has lower dose of estrogen and progestin
• Progestin-only pill
– Low dose of progestin and no estrogen
– For women who should not take estrogen (breastfeeding,
high b.p., at risk for blood clots, smoke)

Special
How to use oral contraceptives
• Different types of OCs will differ in how to
begin, and other instructions--read instructions
carefully & talk w/health care practitioner
• Don’t skip pills, regardless of whether or not you
are having sex
• Take pill at the same time each day
– If you miss 1 pill: take missed pill as soon as you
remember, and then take next pill at the regular
time
– If you miss >1 pill: consult health care practitioner for
advice; use a backup method for remainder of your
cycle
Oral contraceptives
possible side effects & health issues
• Women who should not take OCs:
– history of blood clots, strokes, heart/circulation
problems, jaundice, breast or uterine cancer, liver
disease
• Women considered risky for taking OCs:
– Women who smoke, have migraines, depression,
high b.p., epilepsy, diabetes/prediabetes, asthma,
varicose veins
• Side effects of OCs can include:
– Weight gain, decreased sexual interest, headaches,
mood changes, nausea, bleeding between periods
– May clear up after 2-3 cycles on the pill
Indications other than contraception

You might also like