United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service

December 2023 Coffee: World Markets and Trade

European Union: World’s Top Coffee Importer

European Union (EU) imports are Brazil and Vietnam Drive EU Green Coffee Imports
dominated by unroasted green coffee 50

beans, which accounts for about 90 45

percent of trade. Top suppliers in 2022/23 40
(October through September) included

Million 60 Kilogram Bags

35
Brazil (32 percent), Vietnam (26 percent),
30 Other
Uganda (7 percent), and Honduras (6
Colombia
percent). Imports reached a record 49.1 25
Honduras
million bags the previous year but slipped 20
Uganda
2.6 million bags this year as lower imports 15 Vietnam
from Brazil more than offset gains from 10
Brazil

Vietnam. These two countries accounted

5
for 54 to 58 percent of EU green coffee
-
imports over the last 10 years, leaving
2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

2018/19

2019/20

2020/21

2021/22

2022/23
limited market share for other suppliers.
During this same period, Uganda gained
1.2 million bags to total 3.4 million on
rising production while Colombia lost 500,000 bags to total 1.8 million on falling output.

EU imports of roasted coffee totaled just 1.4 million bags in 2022/23, down from a record 2.1 million
bags 4 years earlier on reduced imports from Switzerland. Top suppliers included Switzerland (77
percent) and the United Kingdom (13 percent). Because coffee beans begin to lose flavor and aroma
shortly after being roasted, these imports are mostly limited to neighboring non-producing countries.

Imports of soluble coffee rebounded 300,000 bags to 3.7 million in 2022/23. Top suppliers included the
United Kingdom (34 percent), Vietnam (12 percent), India (12 percent), and Ecuador (10 percent). While
imports from the United Kingdom have been nearly flat at 1.3 million bags for a decade, imports from
India and Vietnam gained about 300,000 bags to each total over 400,000.

EU green coffee imports are forecast to rebound slightly in 2023/24 to 47.0 million bags primarily due to
stronger shipments from Brazil, while roasted and soluble coffee imports remain flat at 1.4 million bags
and 3.7 million bags, respectively.

Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA

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 2023/24 Coffee Overview
World Ending Stocks Continue to Tighten
World coffee production for 2023/24 is 50
forecast to reach 171.4 million bags (60 45
kilograms), 6.9 million bags higher than 40
the previous year. Higher output in
35
Brazil, Colombia, and Ethiopia is

Million 60 Kilogram Bags

30
expected to more than offset reduced
25
production in Indonesia. Global coffee
bean exports are expected up 8.4 20

million bags to 119.9 million, primarily 15

on strong shipments from Brazil. With 10
global consumption forecast at a record 5
169.5 million bags, ending inventories 0
are expected to continue to tighten to a

2011/12

2012/13

2013/14

2014/15

2015/16

2016/17

2017/18

2018/19

2019/20

2020/21

2021/22

2022/23

2023/24
12-year low of 26.5 million bags.

Brazil combined Arabica and Robusta Brazil Arabica Production Continues Rebound as Robusta Slips
harvest is forecast up 3.7 million bags to 80
66.3 million in 2023/24. Arabica output
70
is forecast to improve 5.1 million bags
to 44.9 million. In January 2023, coffee 60
Million 60 Kilogram Bags

trees in top growing region Minas

50
Gerais experienced higher than average
rains during the fruit development 40
stage, causing difficulties for some
30
growers in controlling plant diseases
and pests. However, increased 20
precipitation resulted in coarser and
10
heavier beans compared to the last
crop, which contributed to production 0
gains. Although output is expected to 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
Robusta Arabica
expand, this quantity is below previous
crops that peaked at nearly 50.0 million bags. Arabica trees in many growing regions continue to recover
from severe weather that occurred in 2021 including severe frosts, high temperatures, and below-
average rainfall that lowered production in 2021/22 and 2022/23. Following 6 years of expansion, the
Robusta harvest is forecast to decline 1.4 million bags to 21.4 million as reduced precipitation and cooler
temperatures leading up to the flowering stage lowered yields in Espirito Santo, where the vast majority
is grown. Coffee bean exports are forecast to rebound 7.3 million bags to 39.5 million, fueled by higher
supplies and stronger EU and U.S. import demand.

Vietnam production is forecast to add 300,000 bags to reach 27.5 million. Cultivated area is forecast
unchanged, with nearly 95 percent of total output remaining as Robusta. However, with lower total
supplies due to last year’s stocks drawdown, bean exports are forecast to decline 2.4 million bags to
23.0 million.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Colombia Arabica production is forecast up 800,000 bags to 11.5 million on slightly higher yields.
However, yields remain nearly 15 percent below normal because growers limited fertilizer use due to
high prices. Bean exports, mostly to the United States and EU, are forecast up 1.2 million bags to 10.8
million on strong demand.

Indonesia combined Arabica and Indonesia Output Forecast Sharply Lower on Reduced Robusta
Robusta harvest is forecast down 2.2 12
million bags to 9.7 million. Robusta
production is expected to drop 2.1 10
million bags to 8.4 million. Excessive

Million 60 Kilogram Bags

rain during cherry development lowered 8
yields and caused sub-optimal
conditions for pollination in the lowland 6
areas of Southern Sumatra and Java,
where approximately 75 percent of 4
coffee is grown. Arabica production is
seen dipping slightly to 1.3 million bags. 2
Bean exports are forecast to plummet
2.7 million bags to 5.0 million on sharply 0
2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24
reduced supplies. Robusta Arabica

India combined Arabica and Robusta harvest is forecast nearly unchanged at 6.0 million bags. Arabica
production is forecast to drop 200,000 bags to 1.4 million due primarily to a prolonged dry spell from
December 2022 to March 2023 which was followed by poor pre-monsoon rains. Robusta production is
expected to rise 300,000 bags to 4.5 million on slightly higher yields. Bean exports are forecast up
300,000 bags to 4.3 million on a slight inventory drawdown.

Revisions to 2022/23 Forecasts

World production is lowered 5.5 million bags from the June 2023 estimate to 164.5 million.
• Vietnam is 2.6 million bags lower to 27.2 million due to dry conditions that dropped yields.
• Ethiopia is reduced 1.0 million bags to 7.3 million as dry conditions lowered yields.
• Colombia is down 600,000 bags to 10.7 million as damaging rains fell in some areas during the
flowering period.

World bean exports are lowered 4.9 million bags to 111.6 million.
• Colombia is down 1.2 million bags to 9.6 million on lower output and higher ending stocks.
• Ethiopia is lowered 900,000 bags to 3.9 million on reduced output.
• Vietnam is reduced 600,000 bags to 25.4 million on lower output.

World ending stocks are revised down 4.0 million bags to 27.6 million.
• EU is down 3.3 million bags to 9.3 million on stronger-than-anticipated consumption.
• Vietnam is lowered 1.4 million bags to 300,000 on reduced production.

The next release of this publication will be on June 20, 2024.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Coffee HS Codes and Conversion Factors
HS Code Attribute Description Conversion Rate
090111 Coffee, Green Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated 1.00
090112 Coffee, Green Coffee, not roasted, decaffeinated 1.00
090121 Coffee, Roasted Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated 1.19
090122 Coffee, Roasted Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated 1.19
210111 Coffee, Soluble Coffee extracts, essences and concentrates 2.60
Coffee preparations with a basis of extracts,
210112 Coffee, Soluble essences or concentrates 2.60

For additional information, please contact Tony Halstead (202-720-4620), (Tony.Halstead@usda.gov).

The Coffee: World Markets and Trade circular is based on reports from FAS Overseas Posts and on
available secondary information. The individual country reports can be obtained on FAS Online at:
https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Pages/Default.aspx.

Please visit https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/coffee-world-markets-and-trade to view archived reports.

PSD Online
The entire USDA PSD database is available online at: https://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline.

Additional Resources
Please refer to the USDA-FAS Coffee website at: https://www.fas.usda.gov/commodities/coffee for
additional data and analysis.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 4 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Marketing Years for Producing Countries

April-March July-June October-September

Angola Brazil Cameroon
Bolivia Cuba Central African Republic
Burundi Dominican Republic China
Ecuador Haiti Colombia
Indonesia Philippines Congo (Kinshasa)
Madagascar Tanzania Costa Rica
Papua New Guinea Cote d'Ivoire
Peru El Salvador
Rwanda Ethiopia
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Honduras
India
Jamaica
Kenya
Laos
Liberia
Malawi
Malaysia
Mexico
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Panama
Sierra Leone
Thailand
Togo
Uganda
United States
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen

Non-producing countries are on an October-September marketing year.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 5 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Coffee Summary
Thousand 60-Kilogram Bags

Jun Dec
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2023/24

Arabica Production none

Brazil 42,000 49,700 36,400 39,800 44,700 44,900
Colombia 14,100 13,400 11,800 10,700 11,600 11,500
Ethiopia 7,475 7,600 8,150 7,300 8,350 8,350
Honduras 5,200 6,500 4,800 5,700 5,500 6,500
Peru 3,925 3,369 4,200 3,400 4,200 4,200
Mexico 3,150 3,000 3,200 3,000 3,545 3,545
Guatemala 3,515 3,810 3,410 3,150 3,305 3,305
Nicaragua 2,675 2,550 2,780 2,500 2,500 2,500
China 2,000 1,700 1,700 1,600 1,800 1,700
Costa Rica 1,466 1,472 1,215 1,425 1,440 1,440
India 1,450 1,650 1,583 1,667 1,230 1,420
Indonesia 1,250 1,300 1,280 1,350 1,300 1,300
Uganda 1,025 730 990 990 1,000 1,000
Vietnam 1,100 950 1,100 900 1,070 880
Papua New Guinea 775 650 725 825 850 850
Other 3,840 3,639 3,829 3,579 3,935 3,925
Total 94,946 102,020 87,162 87,886 96,325 97,315
Robusta Production none
Vietnam 30,200 28,050 30,480 26,300 30,230 26,620
Brazil 18,500 20,200 21,700 22,800 21,700 21,400
Indonesia 9,450 9,400 9,300 10,500 8,400 8,400
Uganda 4,450 5,900 5,060 5,575 5,850 5,850
India 3,517 3,917 4,117 4,200 4,580 4,530
Malaysia 1,900 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500
Cote d'Ivoire 1,775 910 1,110 1,050 1,350 1,350
Thailand 700 600 650 700 750 750
Tanzania 600 650 550 520 600 600
Mexico 550 530 540 545 545 545
Other 2,492 2,407 2,420 2,456 2,510 2,565
Total 74,134 74,564 77,927 76,646 78,015 74,110
Production none
Brazil 60,500 69,900 58,100 62,600 66,400 66,300
Vietnam 31,300 29,000 31,580 27,200 31,300 27,500
Colombia 14,100 13,400 11,800 10,700 11,600 11,500
Indonesia 10,700 10,700 10,580 11,850 9,700 9,700
Ethiopia 7,475 7,600 8,150 7,300 8,350 8,350
Uganda 5,475 6,630 6,050 6,565 6,850 6,850
Honduras 5,200 6,500 4,800 5,700 5,500 6,500
India 4,967 5,567 5,700 5,867 5,810 5,950
Peru 3,925 3,369 4,200 3,400 4,200 4,200
Mexico 3,700 3,530 3,740 3,545 4,090 4,090
Guatemala 3,645 3,930 3,540 3,270 3,435 3,435
Nicaragua 2,755 2,650 2,900 2,660 2,660 2,660
China 2,000 1,700 1,700 1,600 1,800 1,700
Malaysia 1,900 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500
Costa Rica 1,466 1,472 1,215 1,425 1,440 1,440
Cote d'Ivoire 1,775 910 1,110 1,050 1,350 1,350
Tanzania 1,250 1,350 1,290 1,120 1,350 1,350
Papua New Guinea 825 700 775 875 900 900
Kenya 750 693 860 750 800 800
Thailand 700 600 650 700 750 750
El Salvador 510 540 600 550 670 670
Venezuela 550 480 500 500 500 500
Laos 440 485 385 435 450 450
Philippines 450 425 450 475 450 450
Ecuador 275 255 260 354 370 370
Other 2,447 2,198 2,154 2,041 2,115 2,160
Total 169,080 176,584 165,089 164,532 174,340 171,425

Coffee marketing year for producer countries begins either in October (Colombia), April (Indonesia) or July (Brazil), as examples. Coffee
marketing year for non-producer countries begins in October. To access a complete dataset for each country, please visit:
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdQuery.aspx

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Coffee Summary, Continued
Thousand 60-Kilogram Bags

Jun Dec
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2023/24

Bean Exports none

Brazil 36,190 41,689 35,576 32,200 41,000 39,500
Vietnam 24,526 22,450 26,110 25,400 24,500 23,000
Colombia 11,770 11,500 11,000 9,600 10,900 10,800
Uganda 5,350 6,514 5,850 6,250 6,515 6,515
Honduras 4,900 6,010 4,650 5,350 5,200 6,200
Indonesia 6,096 6,466 6,335 7,695 5,200 5,000
Ethiopia 4,135 4,675 4,831 3,910 4,820 4,820
India 3,399 3,818 4,937 4,000 4,250 4,250
Peru 3,720 3,326 4,065 3,300 4,060 4,060
Guatemala 3,211 3,675 3,335 2,985 3,150 3,150
Other 13,023 11,019 12,263 10,876 12,584 12,630
Total 116,320 121,142 118,952 111,566 122,179 119,925
Roast and Ground Exports none
European Union 2,275 2,415 2,680 2,975 2,500 2,500
Switzerland 1,560 1,870 1,850 1,765 1,850 1,850
Vietnam 550 550 550 450 500 350
Colombia 210 245 265 200 200 200
Mexico 206 252 148 100 160 125
Brazil 26 32 54 45 50 50
Indonesia 56 56 43 57 40 50
Panama 40 30 32 32 25 35
China 15 25 60 5 25 25
Costa Rica 10 10 10 10 10 10
Other 19 17 21 17 16 16
Total 4,967 5,502 5,713 5,656 5,376 5,211
Soluble Exports none
Brazil 4,040 3,954 4,055 3,900 4,300 4,300
Malaysia 3,000 2,780 2,975 2,500 2,300 2,300
India 1,782 1,970 2,310 2,300 2,080 2,080
Vietnam 2,250 2,300 2,350 1,890 2,500 1,650
European Union 1,215 1,460 1,820 1,720 2,200 1,600
Thailand 905 885 990 900 1,100 1,100
Colombia 1,025 1,010 1,100 900 1,000 1,000
Indonesia 1,000 1,350 1,050 1,040 1,000 1,000
Mexico 945 865 695 880 900 900
Ecuador 370 475 413 465 400 400
Other 687 693 748 770 760 760
Total 17,219 17,742 18,506 17,265 18,540 17,090
Exports none
Brazil 40,256 45,675 39,685 36,145 45,350 43,850
Vietnam 27,326 25,300 29,010 27,740 27,500 25,000
Colombia 13,005 12,755 12,365 10,700 12,100 12,000
Uganda 5,350 6,514 5,850 6,250 6,515 6,515
India 5,185 5,794 7,258 6,306 6,336 6,336
Honduras 4,900 6,010 4,650 5,350 5,200 6,200
Indonesia 7,152 7,872 7,428 8,792 6,240 6,050
Ethiopia 4,135 4,675 4,831 3,910 4,820 4,820
European Union 3,490 3,875 4,500 4,695 4,700 4,100
Peru 3,720 3,326 4,065 3,300 4,060 4,060
Other 23,987 22,590 23,529 21,299 23,274 23,295
Total 138,506 144,386 143,171 134,487 146,095 142,226

Coffee marketing year for producer countries begins either in October (Colombia), April (Indonesia) or July (Brazil), as examples. Coffee
marketing year for non-producer countries begins in October. Roasted coffee was converted to green bean equivalent by multiplying the
net weight of roasted coffee by 1.19. Soluble coffee was converted to green bean equivalent by multiplying the net weight of soluble
coffee by 2.6. For each non-producing country, the trade balance between imports and exports is used in order to avoid double-counting
for these figures.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Coffee Summary, Continued
Thousand 60-Kilogram Bags

Jun Dec
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2023/24

Bean Imports none

European Union 44,460 43,875 46,600 44,470 47,500 47,000
United States 23,900 24,320 25,225 22,540 26,500 24,000
Japan 6,550 6,520 6,800 5,860 6,200 6,200
Russia 3,180 3,390 3,400 3,500 3,500 3,500
Switzerland 3,030 3,450 3,400 3,290 3,500 3,500
Canada 2,835 2,860 2,940 2,700 3,100 3,100
Korea, South 2,660 2,635 3,015 2,820 2,800 2,800
United Kingdom 2,640 2,270 2,725 2,285 2,600 2,600
Colombia 845 1,670 2,040 2,100 2,350 2,300
China 900 1,675 1,665 1,965 1,800 2,000
Other 19,603 19,442 20,476 20,144 19,995 20,805
Total 110,603 112,107 118,286 111,674 119,845 117,805
Roast and Ground Imports none
United Kingdom 585 580 580 775 700 700
United States 360 605 580 640 625 625
Canada 480 475 550 450 500 500
Korea, South 320 360 390 355 400 400
Ukraine 450 460 450 400 400 400
China 260 309 350 290 350 350
Russia 430 460 305 350 350 350
Australia 200 205 200 200 200 200
Vietnam 300 200 200 8 200 200
Norway 120 135 135 140 140 140
Other 815 847 976 913 667 697
Total 4,320 4,636 4,716 4,521 4,532 4,562
Soluble Imports none
Philippines 5,000 5,500 5,700 5,800 5,500 5,500
Canada 1,515 1,660 1,840 1,960 2,100 1,800
China 1,775 1,820 2,170 1,975 1,800 1,800
Indonesia 766 751 725 983 1,000 1,000
United Kingdom 580 105 680 920 1,000 900
United States 800 585 1,235 725 1,200 800
Japan 630 530 500 535 500 500
Argentina 310 350 360 400 400 400
Russia 1,015 315 350 400 400 400
South Africa 310 405 490 350 400 400
Other 3,566 3,364 3,640 3,540 3,565 3,335
Total 16,267 15,385 17,690 17,588 17,865 16,835
Imports none
European Union 44,460 43,875 46,600 44,470 47,500 47,000
United States 25,060 25,510 27,040 23,905 28,325 25,425
Japan 7,290 7,150 7,415 6,505 6,800 6,800
Philippines 5,670 6,160 6,540 6,500 6,300 6,300
Canada 4,830 4,995 5,330 5,110 5,700 5,400
Russia 4,625 4,165 4,055 4,250 4,250 4,250
United Kingdom 3,805 2,955 3,985 3,980 4,300 4,200
China 2,935 3,804 4,185 4,230 3,950 4,150
Switzerland 3,030 3,450 3,400 3,290 3,500 3,500
Korea, South 2,980 2,995 3,405 3,175 3,200 3,200
Other 26,505 27,069 28,737 28,368 28,417 28,977
Total 131,190 132,128 140,692 133,783 142,242 139,202

Coffee marketing year for producer countries begins either in October (Colombia), April (Indonesia) or July (Brazil), as examples. Coffee
marketing year for non-producer countries begins in October. Roasted coffee was converted to green bean equivalent by multiplying the
net weight of roasted coffee by 1.19. Soluble coffee was converted to green bean equivalent by multiplying the net weight of soluble
coffee by 2.6. For each non-producing country, the trade balance between imports and exports is used in order to avoid double-counting
for these figures.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 December 2023

Global Market Analysis
 Coffee Summary, Continued
Thousand 60-Kilogram Bags

Jun Dec
2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2023/24

Domestic Consumption none

European Union 40,264 41,271 41,867 44,462 42,000 43,125
United States 26,049 25,922 26,723 24,623 27,300 25,475
Brazil 22,994 22,280 22,340 22,450 22,560 22,560
Japan 7,610 7,354 7,210 6,886 7,100 7,317
Philippines 6,120 6,585 7,190 7,075 6,950 6,950
Canada 4,830 4,995 5,330 5,110 5,700 5,400
China 3,600 4,400 4,800 5,000 4,900 5,000
Indonesia 4,900 4,450 4,750 4,770 4,789 4,790
Russia 4,625 4,165 4,055 4,250 4,250 4,250
United Kingdom 3,805 2,955 3,985 3,980 4,300 4,200
Ethiopia 3,140 3,000 3,364 3,430 3,500 3,500
Korea, South 2,980 2,995 3,405 3,175 3,200 3,200
Vietnam 3,100 2,720 3,200 3,200 3,400 3,200
Mexico 2,620 2,589 2,850 3,000 2,950 2,985
Australia 1,960 2,055 2,305 2,135 2,250 2,250
Colombia 1,775 2,080 2,145 2,200 2,150 2,230
Algeria 2,040 2,240 2,090 2,050 1,950 1,950
Switzerland 1,470 1,580 1,550 1,525 1,650 1,650
Turkey 1,215 1,165 1,285 1,590 1,400 1,530
India 1,170 1,180 875 1,240 1,285 1,270
Argentina 859 789 906 1,019 1,040 1,040
Saudi Arabia 1,040 1,200 1,140 1,300 1,000 1,000
Ukraine 1,270 1,235 1,300 1,080 1,175 1,000
Morocco 710 880 990 830 930 930
Iran 305 425 635 770 700 800
Other 12,210 11,920 11,631 11,861 11,804 11,898
Total 162,661 162,430 167,921 169,011 170,233 169,500
Ending Stocks none
European Union 15,038 13,767 14,000 9,313 13,375 9,088
United States 6,402 6,023 6,378 5,700 6,775 5,700
Brazil 2,373 4,390 540 4,620 2,685 4,585
Japan 2,897 2,693 2,898 2,517 2,000 2,000
Indonesia 2,298 1,669 1,056 691 800 1,271
Colombia 852 1,235 760 845 420 620
China 298 717 687 832 502 507
Costa Rica 299 281 241 481 346 486
Uganda 363 379 454 469 479 479
Tanzania 280 504 516 407 416 416
Other 5,126 6,464 5,281 1,753 4,038 1,377
Total 36,226 38,122 32,811 27,628 31,836 26,529

Coffee marketing year for producer countries begins either in October (Colombia), April (Indonesia) or July (Brazil), as examples. Coffee
marketing year for non-producer countries begins in October.

Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 December 2023

Global Market Analysis