FLOORING
FLOORING
FLOOR The level, base surface of a room or hall upon which one stands or walks.
FINISH FLOOR
The wearing surface of a floor,
usually laid over a subfloor.
Also finished floor
SUBFLOOR
A base for a finish floor consisting of boards,
plywood, or other structural sheathing laid
over and fixed to the floor joists. Also called
blind floor, rough floor.
FLOORING
FLOOR FRAMING The act, process, or manner of constructing the structural frame of a floor.
JOIST RIM JOIST
HEADER
TRIMMER
TAILPIECE BRIDGING
FLOORING
BRIDGING An arrangement of braces or blocking between joists or rafters to prevent
their rotation or lateral displacement.
SOLID BRIDGING CROSS BRIDGING
FLOORING
Self-supporting units of wood, metal, or concrete capable of spanning beams, joists, rafters, or
DECKING purlins and serving as a base for flooring or roofing.
CONCRETE
STEEL
WOOD
FLOORING
METAL DECKING Sheet steel strengthened for use as floor or roof decking by cold-rolling a series of
ribs or flutes into it, and usually galvanized for corrosion resistance.
FORM DECKING COMPOSITE FLOORING CELLULAR DECKING
Metal decking serving as Metal decking serving as Metal decking manufactured by
permanent formwork for a permanent formwork and tensile welding a corrugated sheet to a flat
reinforced concrete slab until the reinforcement for a concrete slab steel sheet, forming a series of
slab can support itself. bonded to it by a deformed or raceways for electrical wires and
dovetail rib pattern. cables.
FLOORING
ACCESS FLOORING
A system of removable and interchangeable floor panels
supported on adjustable pedestals and stringers to allow
free access to the space beneath. Also called raised
flooring system.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
CONCRETE
An artificial, stonelike building material made by
mixing cement and various mineral aggregated
with sufficient water to cause the cement to set
and bind the entire mass.
CONCRETE FINISHING
The process of leveling, smoothing, compacting,
and treating a newly placed concrete surface to
produce the desired texture and appearance.
ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE
Exposed concrete work requiring special care
in the selection of materials , forming, placing,
and finishing to acquire the desired
appearance.
FLOAT TROWEL
A flat tool for spreading and Any of various flat-blade hand tools for
smoothing a fresh concrete, applying, spreading, working or
stucco, or plaster surface. smoothing plastic material, such as
concrete, mortar, and plaster.
CONCRETE
TYPES of CONCRETE FINISH
FLOAT FINISH
TROWEL FINISH
SWIRL FINISH
BROOM/BRUSH FINISH
SAND-BLAST FINISH
STUCCO
DRY-SHAKE/ INTEGRAL
COLORED CEMENT FINISH
EXPOSED AGGREGATES
RUBBED FINISH
TOOLED FINISH (WALL)
BUSHHAMMERED FINISH (WALL)
BETON BRUT (WALL)
CONCRETE
FLOAT FINISH
A fine-textured finish obtained by smoothing a fresh concrete, plaster, or
stucco surface with a wood float.
CONCRETE
TROWEL FINISH
A dense, smooth finish obtained by working a fresh concrete or plaster surface
with a steel trowel.
CONCRETE
SWIRL FINISH
A textured finish given to a fresh plaster or concrete surface by trowelling with
a circular, overlapping motion..
CONCRETE
BROOM/BRUSH FINISH
A striated finish obtained by stroking a broom or stiff brush over a freshly
troweled concrete surface.
CONCRETE
SAND-BLAST FINISH ( ABRASIVE BLASTING)
A granulated finish somewhat like sandstone but not so uniform, because the
aggregates are likely to be brought out irregularly.
CONCRETE
SAND-BLAST MACHINES & ALUMINUM
OXIDE/SILICON CARBIDE
CONCRETE
STUCCO FINISH
Stucco is a cement-type mixture of sand, Portland cement, lime and water. It is a versatile facing/finishing
material that can be applied to flat or curved surfaces either inside or outside of the building.
CONCRETE
DRY-SHAKE/INTEGRAL COLOR/STAINED CONCRETE FINISH
A colored finish produced by sprinkling a dry mixture of cement, sand, and a pigment on a fresh concrete
surface following screeding and after any free water has evaporated, and then working the mixture into
surface with a float.
CONCRETE
CEMENT PIGMENTS
CONCRETE
EXPOSED AGGREGATES
A decorative finish produced by sandblasting, etching with an acid, or scrubbing a concrete surface after
the initial set in order to remove the outer layer of cement paste and expose the aggregate, pea gravels or
pebbles. The designer have the choice to polish it further or leave it roughly depending on its use.
CONCRETE
RUBBED/POLISHED CONCRETE FINISH
Smooth and polished finish resulted from grinding down the surface of the concrete a day or two after it is
poured using a carborundum, or natural stone. With the rubbing, which is done in a circular motion, a thin
grout of cement and sand is applied to the surface and well rubbed in to fill surface imperfections and
washed with water afterwards.
CONCRETE
CARBORUNDUM and GRINDER
CONCRETE
TOOLED FINISH (WALL)
Finish on the face of concrete in which the corrugations made by the chisel or cutting tool extend in
straight lines across the face of the concrete wall. Can also be applied to stones.
CONCRETE
CONCRETE GROOVERS and EDGING TOOLS
CONCRETE
BUSHHAMMERED FINISH (WALL)
A coarse-textured finish obtained by fracturing a concrete or stone surface with a power-driven hammer
having a rectangular head with a corrugated, serrated or toothed face.
CONCRETE
BUSHHAMMER AXE & MACHINE
CONCRETE
BETON BRUT (WALL)
Concrete left in its natural state after formwork is removed, esp. when the concrete surface reflects the
texture, joints, and fasteners of a board form.
CONCRETE
BETON BRUT (WALL)
Concrete left in its natural state after formwork is removed, esp. when the concrete surface reflects the
texture, joints, and fasteners of a board form.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
GRANOLITHIC SCREED is a type of construction material
composed of cement, polymer and fine aggregate such
as granite or other hard-wearing rock.
Granolithic is also known as granolithic paving or
granolithic concrete. It is used as a floor or paving , where
texture and appearance are generally not important.
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
SCREED TOOL
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
TERRAZZO is a mosaic floor or paving composed of
marble or other stone chips, set in a cementitious or
resinous matrix and ground when dry.
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
STANDARD TERRAZZO
A ground and polished terrazzo finish consisting mainly of
relatively small stone chips
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
VENETIAN TERRAZZO
A ground and polished finish consisting mainly of large
stone chips, with smaller hips filling the spaces between.
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
RUSTIC TERRAZZO
A uniformly textured terrazzo finish produced by washing
the matrix prior to setting so as to expose the chips which
are not ground.
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
PALLADIANA TERRAZZO
A mosaic terrazzo finish consisting of cut or fractured marble slabs by hand in the
desired pattern, with smaller hips filling the spaces between
CARARRA
GRANOLITHIC & TERRAZZO
PALLADIANA TERRAZZO
A mosaic terrazzo finish consisting of cut or fractured marble slabs by hand in the
desired pattern, with smaller hips filling the spaces between
ARLECCHINO VERDE ALPI CARRARA NERO
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
TILES
Are usually thin,, square or rectangular coverings
manufactured from hard-wearing material such as
ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass.
CEMENT TILES
Are manufactured by pressing in moulds a
plastic mixture of cement and sand. Surface
color of the tile is achieved by the addition of
mineral oxide colors.
CERAMIC TILES
Are small surfacing units made from clay or
mixture of clay with other ceramic materials
and fired according to various processes.
TILES
CEMENT TILES CERAMIC TILES
TILES
CEMENT TILES
Common sizes are squares 0.20m x 0.20m, 0.30m x 0.30m, and 0.40m x 0.40m.
ROUGH UNGLAZED POLISHED PIGMENTED ENCAUSTIC
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
CERAMIC
Any various hard, brittle, noncorrosive and
nonconductive materials formed by the iconic
bonding of a metal and a nonmetal, such as
brick, concrete and natural stone.
EARTHENWARE
Low-fired, opaque, nonvitreous ceramic ware
STONEWARE
High-fired, opaque, vitrified ceramic ware
PORCELAIN
A hard, vitreous, translucent ceramic material
consisting essentially of kaolin, feldspar, and
quartz, fired at a very high temperature.
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
EARTHENWARE STONEWARE PORCELAIN
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
GLAZED INTERIOR TILES
CERAMIC MOSAIC TILES
QUARRY TILES
PAVER TILES
PORCELAIN TILES
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
GLAZED INTERIOR TILES
Are non-vitreous products made by the dust press process.
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
CERAMIC MOSAIC TILES
Are small ceramic tile having a porcelain or natural
clay body, glazed for surfacing walls or unglazed
for use on both floors and walls, and usually face or
back-mounted on sheets to facilitate handling and
speed installation.
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
QUARRY TILES
Unglazed ceramic floor tile having a natural clay
body. Also called as promenade tile.
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
PAVER TILE
Unglazed ceramic floor tile similar in composition to ceramic mosaic tiles but
thicker and larger in surface area.
TILES
CERAMIC TILES
PORCELAIN TILES
Are the newer type of ceramic tile made from finer, denser clay and is fired at higher temperatures. It
is the toughest, most resistant to scratches and stains than other types and more durable.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
RESILIENT FLOORING
Any of various floor coverings capable of springing back to the original form after being bent or compressed,
available in either tile or sheet from and set in mastic over a suitable underlayment.
LINOLEUM
VINYL SHEET
VINYL TILE
CORK
RUBBER TILE
RESILIENT FLOORING
LINOLEUM
Resilient floor covering formed by coating burlap or canvas with heated linseed oil, powdered cork, and
rosin, and adding pigments to achieve the desired colors and patterns.
RESILIENT FLOORING
VINYL SHEET
A resilient floor covering composed principally of polyvinyl chloride in combination with mineral fillers,
pigments, and a fiber, a felt or foam backing.
RESILIENT FLOORING
VINYL TILES
A resilient floor tile composed principally of polyvinyl
chloride in combination with mineral fillers & pigments.
RESILIENT FLOORING
CORK
A resilient floor tile composed of granulated cork
and synthetic resin binders, finished with a
protective coat of wax or a film of clear polyvinyl
chloride.
RESILIENT FLOORING
RUBBER TILES/SHEETS
Resilient floor tile composed of natural or
synthetic rubber with mineral fillers.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
WOOD FLOORING
Finish flooring in the form of wood strips,
wood planks, or blocks.
WOOD STRIP FLOORING
WOOD PLANK FLOORING
BLOCK FLOORING
PARQUETRY
ENGINEERED FLOORING
WOOD FLOORING
WOOD STRIP FLOORING
Wood flooring composed of long, narrow wood strips,
usually side-and end-matched.
WOOD FLOORING
WOOD PLANK FLOORING
Wood flooring composed of boards wider than
the strip flooring, usually side-and end-matched.
WOOD FLOORING
BLOCK FLOORING
Wood flooring composed of square units
preassembled at the mill and usually installed with
mastic over a wood subfloor or concreted slab.
UNIT BLOCK
Flooring block made by joining short lengths of
strip flooring edgewise, usually tongued on two
adjoining sides and grooved on the other two to
ensure proper alignment in setting.
LAMINATED BLOCK
Flooring block made by bonding three or more
wood veneers with a moisture-resistant
adhesive, usually tongued on two opposing
sides and grooved on the other two to ensure
proper alignment in setting.
SLAT BLOCK
Flooring block made assembling narrow slats
or fingers of hardwood into large units.
WOOD FLOORING
PARQUETRY
Mosaic work of wood used for floors and wainscoting.
PARQUET
A floor composed of short strips or blocks of wood
forming a pattern, sometimes with inlays of other
woods or other materials.
WOOD FLOORING
ENGINEERED FLOORING
Laminated wood flooring made by pressure-gluing
cross plies for greater dimensional stability and having
a wear layer of solid, often prefinished hardwood.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
CARPET
A heavy woven knitted, needle-tufted, or felted
fabric for covering a floor.
WOVEN CARPET
TUFTED CARPET
KNITTED CARPET
FUSION-BONDED CARPET
FLOCKED CARPET
NEEDLEPUNCHED CARPET
CARPET
WOVEN CARPET
Carpet made by simultaneously interweaving the backing and the
pile yarns on a loom.
CARPET
TUFTED CARPET
Carpet made by mechanically stitching pile yarn through a primary
fabric backing and bonded with latex to a secondary backing.
CARPET
KNITTED CARPET
Carpet made by looping the backing, stitching, and pile yarns with
three sets of needles.
CARPET
FUSION-BONDED CARPET
Carpet made by heat-fusing face yarns to a vinyl backing
supported by other materials.
CARPET
FLOCKED CARPET
Carpet made by propelling short strands of pile fiber
electrostatically against an adhesive-coated backing.
CARPET
NEEDLEPUNCH CARPET
Carpet made by punching carpet fibers back and forth through a
woven polypropylene sheet with barbed needles to form a felted
fiber mat.
CARPET
CARPET TILES
A flooring tile made of carpeting material.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
FLOOR FINISHES
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
RESIN
FLOOR FINISHES FLOORING
RESIN FLOORING
A hardwearing plastic surface, created by mixing a
selection of ingredients to initiate a fast and controlled
chemical reaction.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
RESIN
WOOD PLASTIC
COMPOSITE FLOOR FINISHES FLOORING
WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE
A flooring option that uses real wood engineered with special
properties such as moisture resistance, and high durability. It
also lasts longer than a traditional hardwood or engineered
wood, yet it is also difficult to visually distinguish from other
types of wood.
CONCRETE GRANOLITHIC & TILES RESILIENT WOOD CARPET
TERRAZZO FLOORING FLOORING
WOOD PLASTIC
COMPOSITE LET’S HAVE OUR QUIZ 3! RESIN
FLOORING
