REVIEW OF STUDIES ON STORMWATER DRAINAGE FOR URBAN
FLOOD MANAGEMENT:
In numerous studies on urbanization, urban flooding is mentioned among
numerous other problems. The majority of the publications link increased
imperviousness and overstressing of urban drainage systems to
urbanization. According to Rjeily, Abbas, Sadek, Shahrour, & Chehade
(2017); Jahanbazi & Egger (2014); Mugume & Butler (2017); Liu et al.
(2016); Underwood (2006); Nguyen et al. (2017), urban drainage systems
are overstressed and unable to handle the increased runoff volume due to
activities related to urbanization and hydrological factors raised from
climate change in addition to aging and structural failure. Drainage
infrastructures are not upgraded when cities are expanded which is the
main reason for overstressing of urban drainage system. As Batica (2015)
states, Flood in urban areas become a common and frequent
phenomenon. The increase in impervious surfaces and intensity of rainfall
imposes great pressure on urban drainage systems.
Most of studies states the consequences of urban flooding in a broader
sense. A serious of studies states that urban flooding results in loss of
lives, property damage and infrastructure distraction (Jahanbazi & Egger,
2014; Mugume & Butler, 2017; Liu et al., 2016). One of the most important
topics in research on urban flooding is the assessment of flood damage. An
efficient plan for managing urban floods is necessary to reduce the risk it
poses. Numerous themes related to urban flood management are covered
in several research.
Urban Stormwater Management
An activity involves technical and institutional aspects for controlling quality
and quantity of runoff is called stormwater management (Nanía, Leon, &
García, 2014; PNRCDC, 2014). Guo & Zhuge (2008) indicates estimation
of Runoff volume frequency distribution and peak discharge rate as one of
the task in urban stormwater management. Petit-Boix et al. (2015) states
that stormwater management plays major role in preventing flood. As
stated by PNRCDC (2014), urban Stormwater management helps to
manage the problems arise from imperviousness of urban areas such as
decreasing in ground water recharge, high frequency of flooding, instability
of stream channels and damage to infrastructures.
Stormwater management also have economic benefits by reducing the
maintenance and cleaning cost of stormwater drainage systems and
increasing their lifetime. Stormwater management is complex in nature but
because it is basic for the functioning of urban environment, it gains much
attention and evolving overtime (Jiang, Zevenbergen, & Ma, 2018).
Because of its complexity different methodologies, approaches and
techniques are observed in the reviewed studies and as Guo & Zhuge
(2008) points the use of hydrological models specifically designed for
stormwater management purpose called stormwater models become
common.
In stormwater management following environmentally safe and nature
friendly measures is essential. Lamond, Rose, & Booth (2015) states that
measures that are designed to restore or resemble the natural infiltration
patter have a great role in reduction of runoff volume and regulate peak
flows thus can reduce flooding problems in urban areas. The term used in
natural friendly stormwater management approaches vary in respect to
countries, context and time but with similar design philosophies. Some of
the terms are best management practices (BMPs), sustainable drainage
system (SuDS), surface water management models (SWMMs), storm
control measures (SCMs), low impact development (LID), water sensitive
urban design (WSUD) and green infrastructure (Lamond, Rose, & Booth,
2015; Q. Zhou, 2014; Elliott & Trowsdale, 2007).
