Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 The last time I went to Crete was in July 2003. BEEN

I ________________________________________________ Crete since July 2003.

2 ‘Whose is this bag?’ he asked. TO

‘Who ________________________________________________?’ he asked.

3 I haven’t had a reply to my e-mail yet. STILL

I am ________________________________________________a reply to my e-mail.

4 Robert began to write poetry twelve years ago. WRITING

Robert ________________________________________________twelve years.

5 The group broke up three years ago. SINCE

It ________________________________________________the group broke up.

6 It’s more than a month since I saw Peter. FOR

I ________________________________________________more than a month.

7 This is the worst film I’ve ever watched. NEVER

I ________________________________________________bad film.

8 His involvement in politics started when he was at university. INVOLVED

He has ________________________________________________he was at universtity.

9 I haven’t spoken French for ages. SINCE

It’s ages ________________________________________________French.

10 The last time we went dancing was months ago. FOR

We ________________________________________________months.

11 They have never swum in a pool before. TIME

It’s the ________________________________________________in a pool.

12 Look, the teacher is coming, boys. HERE

Look, ________________________________________________, boys!

13 Derek met Susan eight months ago. HAS

Derek ________________________________________________eight months.

14 He has got a job at a café this summer. IS

He ________________________________________________at a café this summer.

15 Why do you complain about the weather all the time? FOREVER

Why ________________________________________________about the weather?

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 I had to check all the reports before leaving the office. UNTIL

I had to stay in the office ________________________________________________ all the

reports.

2 I haven’t spoken to Adam since we graduated. LAST

The ________________________________________________to Adam was when we graduated.

2 Mr Swift did not stop working until he was seventy. WHEN

Mr Swift ________________________________________________working.

4 Debbie went to Mykonos every summer when she was younger. USED

Debbie ________________________________________________Mykonos every summer when

she was younger..

5 She started cooking as soon as they arrived. UNTIL

She ________________________________________________they had arrived.

6 She has been working here for two years. STARTED

She ________________________________________________ago.

7 When did you have a haircut? SINCE

How long ________________________________________________a haircut?

8 The thieves left before the police got here. BY

The thieves ________________________________________________the police got there.

9 Lauren had never ridden a motorcycle before. FIRST

It was the ________________________________________________a motorcycle.

10 Pete painted the walls and Kelly cleaned the cupboards. WHILE

Pete was painting the walls ________________________________________________the

cupboards.

11 No other student had ever talked back to her. ONLY

He was the ________________________________________________talked back to her.

 12 When I eventually stopped, I’d been a smoker for twelve years. SMOKING

By the time I stopped, I ________________________________________________twelve years.

13 When I lived on the farm, I woke up at five every day. WOULD

When I lived on the farm, ________________________________________________at five every

day.

14 They argued all the time when they were little. FOREVER

They ________________________________________________when they were little

15 I had never watched a better game. BEST

It was the ________________________________________________watched.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 There probably won’t be any more problems with it. UNLIKELY

It ________________________________________________be any more problems with it.

2 When I get there, I’ll give you a ring. SOON

I’ll give you a ring ________________________________________________get there.

3 The chairman is to make a speech before the conference begins. BE

The chairman ________________________________________________a speech before the

conference begins.

4 The shops here don’t open until 10.00. GOING

The shops here ________________________________________________until 10.00.

5 Our furniture will be delivered by the 22nd. HAVE

They ________________________________________________our furniture by the 22nd.

6 They started playing chess at five o’clock, nearly three hours ago. HAVE

By eight o’clock, they ________________________________________________chess for three hours.

7 I’ll stop typing at lunchtime. BE

I ________________________________________________lunchtime.

8 I hope to have finished painting by the time the furniture arrives. I

I hope ________________________________________________by the time the furniture arrives.

9 The weather is not expected to improve soon. IMPROVE

We don’t think ________________________________________________soon.

10 He will have left before they wake up. TIME

He will have left ________________________________________________wake up.

11 I intend to apply for that job. GOING

I ________________________________________________for that job.

12 I was about to leave when she turned up POINT.

I was ________________________________________________when she turned up.

13 I’m sure he’ll be angry when he finds out. BOUND

He ________________________________________________angry when he finds out.

14 Study hard and you’ll pass the test. PROVIDED

You’ll pass the test ________________________________________________hard.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 They covered all the furniture with sheets. PIECES

All the ________________________________________________covered with sheets.

2 He hardly knows anything about modern art. KNOWLEDGE

His ________________________________________________not very good.

3 My suitcases were carried upstairs. LUGGAGE

My ________________________________________________upstairs.

4 I like maths more than any other subject. FAVOURITE

Maths ________________________________________________subject.

5 ‘Mum, I need new jeans,’ Chris said. PAIR

‘Mum, I need ________________________________________________’ Chris said.

6 It seems that several students were involved in the incident. MORE

It seems that ________________________________________________involved in the incident.

7 A lot of people work for this company. NUMBER

A ________________________________________________for this company.

8 It is known that at least two burglaries take place in the area daily. MORE

It is known that ________________________________________________place in the area daily.

9 Not many people live in this village. LIVING

The number of people ________________________________________________small.

10 Jason and his brothers are at basketball practice now. WELL

Jason, as ________________________________________________at basketball practice now.

11 I’m sure that none of them have thought of the consequences. ONE

I’m sure that ________________________________________________thought of the consequences.

12 A month and a half has gone by since their argument. AND

One ________________________________________________gone by since their argument.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 At the end of the month I have very little money left. HARDLY

At the end of the month ________________________________________________left.

2 This cupboard is completely empty. LEFT

There’s ________________________________________________cupboard.

3 You know, not all of them came on the excursion. SOME

You know, ________________________________________________ come on the excursion.

4 I’m afraid there isn’t anything we can say about it. NOTHING

I’m afraid ________________________________________________ say about it.

5 Fortunately, not much damage was caused by the fire. VERY

Fortunately, ________________________________________________ was caused by the fire.

6 ‘There is little I can do,’ said the doctor. MUCH

‘There ________________________________________________ do,’ said the doctor.

7 No one knows the answer to that question. ANYONE

There ________________________________________________ the answer to that question.

8 He said not many rooms are vacant at present. ONLY

He said ________________________________________________ are vacant at present.

9 I’m sure all the seats are taken NOT.

I’m sure ________________________________________________ is free.

10 He ate hardly anything because he wasn’t feeling well. ALMOST

He ________________________________________________ because he wasn’t feeling well.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 My children are too irresponsible to look after a puppy. CARE

My children aren’t ________________________________________________ of a puppy.

2 Our flat is as big as the Smiths’. SAME

The Smiths’ flat ________________________________________________ ours.

3 There were more tourists here in 2007 than in 2008. AS

There were ________________________________________________ here in 2008 as in 2007.

4 John had not expected to find gardening so interesting. IN

John is ________________________________________________ he had expected.

5 I couldn’t break the glass because it was too hard. TOO

The glass ________________________________________________ me to break.

6 Our team has been luckier than theirs in this tournament. LUCK

Their team hasn’t ________________________________________________ ours in this tournament.

7 They couldn’t catch the pickpocket because he ran so fast. TOO

The pickpocket ran ________________________________________________ catch.

8 The furthest I can walk is two kilometres. THAN

I ________________________________________________ two kilometres.

9 The salary was lower than I thought. HIGH

The salary ________________________________________________ I thought.

10 The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. MUCH

The tea is ________________________________________________ me to drink.

11 He is the tallest person in the world. TALLER

He is ________________________________________________ in the world.

12 She’s easily the best singer in the group. FAR

She’s ________________________________________________ in the group.

13 Your sister is really friendly, isn’t she? WAY

Your sister behaves ________________________________________________ doesn’t she?

14 This is one of the highest buildings in Athens. HIGH

There are not ________________________________________________ as this one in Athens.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 My mother didn’t let me have dessert until I had finished my dinner. MADE

My mother ________________________________________________ my dinner before I had dessert.

2 I suggest that you allow them to help you. LET

Why ________________________________________________ help you?

3 It looks as if she has injured her leg. SEEMS

She ________________________________________________ her leg.

4 ‘I won’t pay for the damage,’ Chris said. REFUSED

Chris ________________________________________________ for the damage.

5 I would prefer it if nobody else knew where I am. WANT

I don’t ________________________________________________ where I am.

6 Steve doesn’t often wake up early on Sundays. UNUSUAL

It ________________________________________________ wake up early on Sundays.

7 Mary has difficulty studying in the library. EASY

It isn’t ________________________________________________ in the library.

8 The climbers didn’t succeed in reaching the top of the mountain. TO

The climbers didn’t ________________________________________________ the top of the

mountain.

9 Alex always appears to have something to worry about. WORRYING

Alex always appears ________________________________________________ something.

10 All he does is complain about his salary. NOTHING

He ________________________________________________ about his salary.

11 I heard Don tell her the news. TELL

Don ________________________________________________ her the news.

12 He wrote the number down so that he wouldn’t forget it. ORDER

He wrote the number down ________________________________________________ it.

13 I don’t know why Greg changed his mind. MADE

I don’t know ________________________________________________ his mind.

14 Sue finished the race last of all. LAST

Sue was ________________________________________________ the race.

15 It seemed that she was feeling very depressed. BE

She seemed ________________________________________________ very depressed.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 The police finally managed to find the stolen diamonds. SUCCEEDED

The police finally ________________________________________________the stolen diamonds.

2 I won’t have a problem getting up at six, as I always go to bed early. USED

I ________________________________________________ to bed early, so I won’t have a

problem getting up at six.
3 Would you mind if I sat here? TO

Would you object ________________________________________________ here?

4 He walked home and didn’t take a taxi. INSTEAD

He walked home ________________________________________________ a taxi.

5 Laura sings and plays the guitar too. WELL

Laura sings ________________________________________________ the guitar.

6 I wished I’d talked to them about my problems. HAVING

I regretted ________________________________________________ to them about my problems.

7 Could you look after my dog while I’m in France? CARE

Would you mind ________________________________________________ my dog while I’m in

France?

8 I’m not in the mood to go out tonight. LIKE

I don’t ________________________________________________ tonight.

9 She wrote the lyrics for the song and also sang it. ADDITION

She sang the song ________________________________________________ the lyrics for it.

10 The boat couldn’t set sail because of the strong winds. PREVENTED

The strong winds ________________________________________________ sail.

11 The children are eager to watch the acrobats. LOOKING

The children ________________________________________________ the acrobats.

12 ‘If you wanted to borrow my earrings, you should have asked me first,’ said Cathy to her sister.
WITHOUT

Cathy criticised her sister for having her________________________________________________

first.

13 It’s a waste of time to try to make him change his mind. POINT

There’s ________________________________________________ to make him change his mind.

14 It was difficult to convince them that I was innocent. DIFFICULTY

I ________________________________________________ them that I was innocent.

15 ‘I’m sorry I broke your glasses,’ Tim said to Dad. FOR

Tim apologised ________________________________________________his glasses.

16 I shouldn’t bother to wash the car because it’s going to rain. WORTH

It ________________________________________________ the car because it’s going to rain.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 ‘Why don’t you ask for directions?’ said Anna to Tim. SUGGESTED

Anna ________________________________________________ ask for directions.

2 You can take part in this competition even if you don’t buy the product. NEED

You ________________________________________________ the product to take part in this

competition.

3 It’s unlikely that he will come out of hospital tomorrow. TO

He isn’t ________________________________________________ out of hospital tomorrow.

4 You did not chop enough wood for the fire. OUGHT

You ________________________________________________ more wood for the fire.

5 The teacher says we have to write the answers in pen. MUST

The teacher says the answers ________________________________________________ in pen.

6 I expect they were completely broke by the end of their holidays. MUST

By the end of their holidays ________________________________________________broke.

7 It was a mistake for you to lend them your camera. SHOULD

You ________________________________________________them your camera

8 People say this film is very scary. SUPPOSED

This film ________________________________________________very scary.

9 It’s very unlikely that the train has left already. HAVE

The train ________________________________________________yet.

10 Fortunately, the ambulance managed to get there in time. WAS

Fortunately, the ambulance ________________________________________________there in time.

11 I left the note on his desk so I’m sure he read it. MUST

I left the note on his desk so ________________________________________________it.

12 You are not allowed to use mobile phones in here. MUST

You ________________________________________________mobile phones in here.

13 It’s not necessary to translate it for me. DO

You ________________________________________________translate it for me.

14 Michael doesn’t have enough courage to stand up for himself. DARE

Michael ________________________________________________up for himself.

15 She bought more wine than was necessary for the party. BOUGHT

She ________________________________________________so much wine for the party.

16 It would have been better if you hadn’t argued with him. SHOULD

You ________________________________________________with him.

17 She must be told the truth; it’s essential. THAT

It’s ________________________________________________told the truth.

18 They didn’t visit him in hospital, although they should have. OUGHT

They ________________________________________________him in hospital.

19 It’s possible that she didn’t recognise you. MAY

She ________________________________________________you.

20 Perhaps she is sleeping now. COULD

She ________________________________________________now.

21 Tim had a habit of biting his nails all the time. WOULD
Tim ________________________________________________all the time.

22 He should have watered the flowers yesterday, but he didn’t. SUPPOSED

He ________________________________________________flowers yesterday, but he didn’t.

23 I would rather you had warned me about it. HAVE

You ________________________________________________about it.

24 You’re lucky you didn’t cut yourself, John. MIGHT

You’re lucky; you ________________________________________________yourself, John.

25 I’m sure he is speaking to them now. MUST

He ________________________________________________to them now.

26 It isn’t necessary for them to return it, is it? NEED

They ________________________________________________they?

27 Shall we invite the Browns for dinner tonight? ABOUT

What ________________________________________________for dinner tonight?

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.
CONDITIONALS

1 If you promise not to lose my new earrings, you can borrow them. LONG

You can borrow my new earrings ________________________________________________not to lose

them.

2 You might get bored on the train, so you should take a book with you. CASE

Take a book with you ________________________________________________bored on the train.

3 The doctor advised him to take some vitamin pills. WERE

‘If ________________________________________________take some vitamin pills,’ said the doctor.

4 We arrived late because there was a lot of traffic. TURNED

If there hadn’t been so much traffic, we

________________________________________________time.

5 Mark says he will only leave if Sarah agrees to go with him. UNLESS

Mark has refused ________________________________________________with him.

6 I couldn’t have started this business without the í50,000 I borrowed from them. IF

I couldn’t have started this business ________________________________________________me

p50,000.

7 It’s too hot for a walk today. IF

We could go for a walk ________________________________________________hot today.

8 It’s a good thing you warned me, or I wouldn’t have known what to do. YOU

I wouldn’t have known what to do ________________________________________________me.

9 Only if she returns it by Friday will I let her have it. CONDITION

I’ll let her have it ________________________________________________it by Friday.

10 If you take me with you, I’ll pay for the petrol. PROVIDED

I’ll pay for the petrol ________________________________________________me with you.

11 Mum thought I might need a phonecard so she bought me one. CASE

Mum bought me a phonecard ________________________________________________one.

12 If Debbie doesn’t practise more, she’ll never get into the team. DOES

Debbie will never get into the team ________________________________________________more

practice.

13 I didn’t know it was her birthday so I didn’t buy her a present. BOUGHT

If I had known it was her birthday, I ________________________________________________her a

present.

14 ‘I will cut the grass only if you give me some pocket money,’ said my son NOT.

‘I will ________________________________________________you give me some pocket money,’

said my son.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold.

1 I’m now sorry I didn’t speak to her. WISH

I now ________________________________________________to her.

2 Please, don’t deliver the cake after six o’clock. RATHER

I ________________________________________________the cake before six o’clock.

3 I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to pick you up from the station yesterday. COULD

I wish ________________________________________________you up from the station yesterday.

4 Leo wants to travel around Europe instead of finding a job. RATHER

Leo ________________________________________________Europe than find a job.

5 I’m sorry, but I don’t want to go dancing tonight. RATHER

I’m sorry, but ________________________________________________dancing tonight.

6 You should learn to use a computer now. TIME

It’s ________________________________________________use a computer.

7 Martin regrets not trying harder at school. WISHES

Martin ________________________________________________harder at school.

8 It’s almost midnight, so you ought to go to bed. BETTER

It’s almost midnight, so you ________________________________________________to bed.

9 I regret telling John about the trip. WISH

I ________________________________________________John about the trip.

10 It’s a pity you didn’t water the plants. ONLY

If ________________________________________________the plants.

11 He should have told us beforehand. BETTER

It ________________________________________________he had told us beforehand.

12 My sister regretted getting married so young. RATHER

My sister ________________________________________________got married so young.

13 We are not going to the seaside with them, although we’d love to. WISH

We ________________________________________________to the seaside with them.

14 Ron, could you please stop complaining? WISH

Ron, ________________________________________________stop complaining.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold. PASSIVE
1 People say that boy has found the treasure. SAID

That boy is ________________________________________________the treasure.

2 Thick fog meant that planes could not take off. PREVENTED

Planes ________________________________________________off by thick fog.

3 The detective is looking into the case of the stolen painting. INVESTIGATED

The case of the stolen painting ________________________________________________the detective.

4 Everyone thinks that Palmer will win the race. EXPECTED

Palmer is ________________________________________________of the race.

5 The fees include the cost of books. IS

The cost of books ________________________________________________the fees.

6 It was raining heavily, so they postponed the trip to the zoo. OWING

The trip to the zoo ________________________________________________the heavy rain.

7 They aren’t closing down that factory until next month. BEING

That factory ________________________________________________until next month.

8 My parents didn’t let me play video games when I was younger. ALLOWED

I ________________________________________________video games when I was younger.

9 Young people aren’t watching as much TV these days. WATCHED

Not so much TV ________________________________________________young people these days.

10 Is painting the house this weekend really necessary? HAVE

Does the house ________________________________________________this weekend?

11 I took these photos while I was visiting Prague. WERE

These photos ________________________________________________visit to Prague.

12 They are going to suggest a new plan at the meeting. PUT

A new plan ________________________________________________forward at the meeting.

13 Who has written this article? BEEN

By ________________________________________________written?
14 Children under 14 are not allowed to use the lift. MUST

The lift ________________________________________________by children under 14.

15 I don’t like people giving me orders. BEING

I ________________________________________________orders.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold. THE
‘CAUSATIVE’ USE OF HAVE / GET, CONJUNCTIONS

1 Someone broke into their flat the other day. HAD

They ________________________________________________into the other day.

2 Did the hairdresser dye her hair blonde? DYED

Did she ________________________________________________blonde?

3 ‘Not only is she pretty, but also clever,’ he said. BOTH

‘She ________________________________________________’ he said.

4 The plumber is fixing our tap at the moment. FIXED

We ________________________________________________at the moment.

5 I haven’t been for an eye test for over six years. HAD

I have ________________________________________________for over six years.

6 We were sent home as soon as we arrived. SOONER

We ________________________________________________we were sent home.

7 They are going to hire someone to paint their house this summer. HAVE

They are going ________________________________________________this summer.

8 The workers won’t replace the roof until next month. REPLACED

We will ________________________________________________until next month.

9 Can you tell us if you’re interested or not? OR

Can you tell us ________________________________________________interested?

10 How often is your car serviced? HAVE

How often ________________________________________________serviced?

11 Mrs Carter’s students were made to do a test. HAD

Mrs Carter ________________________________________________a test.

12 He persuaded his son to cut the grass. GOT

He ________________________________________________the grass.

13 The children were both dirty and hungry when they got home. ONLY

The children were ________________________________________________hungry when they got

home.

14 The story wasn’t funny or interesting. NEITHER

The story ________________________________________________interesting.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold. REPORTED
SPEECH, RELATIVE CLAUSES

1 ‘I want to read the paper - have you finished with it?’ he asked his wife. FINISHED

He asked his wife________________________________________________with the paper.

2 ‘Do not touch that button,’ Laura said to the child. NOT

Laura ________________________________________________touch that button.

3 All the students handed in their assignments on time, apart from Susan. WHO

Susan was the ________________________________________________ hand in her assignment on

time.

4 This is the town where I lived two years ago. WHICH

This is the town ________________________________________________two years ago.

5 Two men she had never seen before were waiting to see her. NEITHER

Two men, ________________________________________________seen before, were waiting to see

her.

6 The exam, whose results will be posted shortly, was very difficult. OF

The exam, ________________________________________________will be posted shortly, was very

difficult.

7 ‘No, I won’t lend you my new jeans,’ my sister said to me. REFUSED
My sister ________________________________________________new jeans.

8 The country with the red flag is China. WHOSE

The country ________________________________________________is China.

9 ‘I’ll call you back, Sam,’ she said. TOLD

She ________________________________________________call him back.

10 He said, ‘I wish I lived somewhere else.’ WISHED

He said ________________________________________________somewhere else.

11 ‘What do you do for a living?’ I said to him. ASKED

I ________________________________________________for a living.

12 ‘Let’s wait for him here,’ she said. SUGGESTED

She ________________________________________________there.

13 Jenny didn’t paint those pictures on the wall. WHO

It ________________________________________________those pictures on the wall.

14 ‘Your flight has been delayed,’ the man said to us. INFORMED

The man ________________________________________________been delayed.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold

1 If the exercises hadn’t been so difficult, I would have been able to do them. SUCH

They ________________________________________________I couldn’t do them.

2 The meeting was held despite the president’s absence. PLACE

The meeting ________________________________________________the president was absent.

3 As it had started to snow, the match was postponed. PUT

The match ________________________________________________the snow.

4 Leo took the train because he did not want to get stuck in traffic. THAT

Leo took the train ________________________________________________not get stuck in traffic.

5 I had to type up all the reports before I could leave. UNTIL

I ________________________________________________had typed up all the reports.

6 We drew the curtains to prevent the sunlight from coming in. SO

We drew the curtains ________________________________________________not come in.

7 Sarah was too tired to go out. THAT

Sarah was ________________________________________________not go out.

8 Although he was ill, he competed in the race. ILL

Despite ________________________________________________,he competed in the race.

9 The weather was so bad that the ships couldn’t sail. WAS

There ________________________________________________that the ships couldn’t sail.

10 I kept quiet because I didn’t want to upset her. NOT

I kept quiet ________________________________________________her.

11 We went to the beach despite the bad weather. EVEN

We went to the beach ________________________________________________bad.

12 He appeared to be in need of some rest. THOUGH

He looked ________________________________________________some rest.

13 The meal was cheap, but it was tasty. THAT

In spite ________________________________________________the meal was cheap, it was tasty.

14 So that she could buy a new computer, Jane saved fifty euros a month. ORDER

Jane saved fifty euros a month ________________________________________________able to buy a

new computer.

15 Peter failed the test in spite of being well prepared for it. ALTHOUGH

Peter failed the test ________________________________________________for it.

16 We jumped over a wall in order not to be seen. FEAR

We jumped over a wall ________________________________________________seen.

17 The moment I get there, I’ll give you a call. SOON

I’ll give you a call ________________________________________________there.

18 Annie won’t listen to you whatever you say. MATTER

Annie won’t listen to you ________________________________________________say.

19 Mary was such a careless driver that she caused a lot of accidents. DROVE

Mary ________________________________________________she caused a lot of accidents.

20 He has health problems and can’t work any more. ACCOUNT

He can’t work any more ________________________________________________health problems.

Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given in bold

PARTICIPLES, INVERSION

1 I realised I had forgotten my wallet only after I left. DID

Only after ________________________________________________I had forgotten my wallet.

2 I had never seen such a bad accident before. SEEN

Never ________________________________________________such a bad accident.

3 We couldn’t speak French, so we found an interpreter. ABLE

Not ________________________________________________we found an interpreter.

4 It took me four days to paint the house. SPENT

I ________________________________________________the house.

5 You shouldn’t do that under any circumstances. NO

Under ________________________________________________that.

6 She had to use a neighbour’s phone as hers was out of order. BEING

Her phone ________________________________________________had to use a neighbour’s.

7 As well as leaving his keys at work, he lost his umbrella. LEAVE

Not only ________________________________________________at work, but he also lost his

umbrella.

8 They were making so much noise that the whole street woke up. WERE

So ________________________________________________that the whole street woke up.

9 Vegetables are good for your health when you eat them fresh. EATEN
Vegetable ________________________________________________ good for your health.

10 I could never be so mean to you, not for any reason. ACCOUNT

On ________________________________________________be so mean to you.

11 People who apply for the job must be over twenty. APPLYING

People ________________________________________________must be over twenty.

12 It was such a dirty restaurant that I’ll never go again. WAS

Such a dirty restaurant ________________________________________________ I’ll never go again.

For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

35 We had several hold-ups due to the car’s engine problems during the holiday. DOWN

The car ________________________________________________on several occasions during the

holiday.

36 I thought the weather would be colder than this. COLD

It’s not ________________________________________________it would be.

37 ‘Don’t ever do that again!’ she said to her brother. WARNED

She ________________________________________________do that again.

38 She cooked more food than was necessary for the party. SO

She needn’t ________________________________________________for the party.

39 The house was almost certainly built twenty years ago. MUST

The house ________________________________________________twenty years ago.

40 Although she was rich, she was very down to earth. SPITE

In ________________________________________________rich, she was very down to earth.

41 People say she cannot keep a secret. UNABLE

She is ________________________________________________keep a secret.

42 Their tenth wedding anniversary is in May. MARRIED

 By next May, they ________________________________________________ten years.

Modal verbs: might, could, may and can

1 In 1–7, complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. There is an example at the
beginning (0).

0 Would you mind lending me your pen for a moment?

May
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____?

1 Although he lives here, we never see him.

He may
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_.

2 They’re very likely to ask you to speak French during the interview.

You may
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_.

3 Perhaps she didn’t know you were married.

She might
__________________________________________________________________________________________.

4 He had a good chance of getting the job, but he didn’t apply.

If he’d applied for the job, he could

________________________________________________________________________________.

5 I rarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it.

I rarely use my bike these days, so I may

_______________________________________________________________________.

6 Why on earth didn’t you tell me you were vegetarian?

You might
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______!

7 It’s unlikely she was enjoying herself very much.

She can’t
____________________________________________________________________________________________
.

Key word transformation

For questions 1–6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word
given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

0 I haven’t driven an automatic car for several years. LAST

It’s
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
an automatic car.

1 This is your third warning from me this week about being late for work NOT

This is the third time this week I

__________________________________________________________________________________________.
be late for work.

2 I always hated pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly. USE

I __________________________________________________________________________________________.
pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly.

3 We wanted to continue our mountain trek but the weather was too bad. LIKE

We
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
on with our mountain trek but the weather was too bad.

4 I want to inform you that I was not satisfied with the standard of service in your hotel. EXPRESS

I would
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
with the standard of service in your hotel.

5 I wanted to stay in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. SOONER

I __________________________________________________________________________________________.
in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out.

6 Didn’t you want me to tell the staff about your resignation? RATHER

Would
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
the staff know about your resignation?

PART 3: TRANSFORMATION: USAGE

Complete the second sentence, using between two and five words, including the word given. Do not
change that word in any way.

1. May we borrow your ladder for half an hour?

mind
Would you _____________________________________________ your ladder for half an hour?

2. "I'm not frightened," he said; in fact, he was terrified.

be
He pretended _____________________________________________ frightened.
 3. The Majestic is better than this hotel.
good
This hotel _____________________________________________ the Majestic.

4. To enjoy travel, you must go on your own.

only
You _____________________________________________ enjoy travelling if you go on your own.

5. You were very generous, giving us all that money.

of
It was very generous _____________________________________________ us all that money.

6. He was sorry he had asked the bank to lend him the money.
wished
He _____________________________________________ asked the bank to lend him the money.

7. I haven't owned a car for five years now.

since
It is five years _____________________________________________ a car.

8. Why didn't you warn me it was going to rain?

have
You _____________________________________________ me it
was going to rain.

9. Heavy smokers are more likely to suffer serious illness than non
smokers.
runs
A heavy smoker _____________________________________________ serious illness than a non-
smoker.

10. Even though she knew she had to get up early, Mary still went to the disco.
despite
Mary still went to the disco _____________________________________________ that she had to get
up early.
FCE Use of English Return to Spotlight Paper 3
Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation
1) Comparative/Superlative
Structures like so/such .., er/as ... as or too/enough often appear in this exercise.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words.

1. The food was so good we had to leave a tip.

SUCH
It _________________________________________________________we had to leave a tip.

2. The computer was too expensive for me to buy.

ENOUGH
I _________________________________________________________money to buy the computer.

3. It's the most beautiful painting I've ever seen.

SEEN
I _________________________________________________________beautiful painting.

4. This summer has been much cooler than last year.

COOL
Last summer _________________________________________________________this year.

5. I'm not as good at maths as you.

BETTER
You _________________________________________________________me.

6. The course wasn't as easy as I'd expected.

MORE
The course _________________________________________________________I'd expected.

7. This car isn't safe enough to drive.

DANGEROUS
This car _________________________________________________________drive.

8. This exercise is easier than the last one.

HARD
This exercise _________________________________________________________the last one.

© COPYRIGHT Flo-Joe 2000. All rights reserved.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

2) Passive/Active
Changes from active to passive or passive to active are often required.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words.

1. The examiner tells candidates the regulations at the beginning of the exam.
TOLD
At the beginning of the exam candidates _______________________________________ the regulations.

2. Did we send that letter to Mr Thomas?

WAS
Do you know if _________________________________________________________to Mr Thomas?

3. We haven't arranged a date for the wedding yet.

BEEN
A date for the wedding _________________________________________________________yet.

4. They will have given him the news by now.

TOLD
He _________________________________________________________the news by now.

5. Experts estimate that most people now have access to the Internet.
IS
_______________________________________________most people now have access to the Internet.

6. The garage on the corner usually repairs my car.

HAVE
I ________________________________________________________by the garage on the corner.

7. Steve definitely didn't write that essay.

WRITTEN
That essay _________________________________________________________by Steve.

8. The police have cancelled the demonstration.

HAS
The demonstration _________________________________________________________by the police.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

3) Direct and Indirect Speech
You are sometimes asked to transform a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech or from
indirect to direct speech.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five
words.

1. 'What do you think of the college?'

ASKED
She _________________________________________________________of the college.

2. 'I'll call you later tonight,' Keith promised.

WOULD
Keith promised that _________________________________________________________night.

3. 'I didn't break the window,' said the boy.

DENIED
The boy _________________________________________________________the window

4. 'Why don't you come this evening?'

SUGGESTED
She _________________________________________________________that evening.

5. 'You look really tired,' he told her.

SAID
He _________________________________________________________really tired.

6. 'You must do your homework tonight.' the teacher said.

TOLD
The teacher _________________________________________________________my homework.

7. 'What's your name?' he asked.

KNOW
He _________________________________________________________what my name was.

8. 'I might be late for.' he told me.

INFORMED
He _________________________________________________________might be late.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

4) Auxiliary Verbs
You will often find questions that test your knowledge of auxiliary verbs
like 'will', 'have', 'must' etc.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word
given. You must use between two and five words.

1. I went to the office then remembered it was my day off.

HAVE
I _________________________________________________________to the office
as it was my day off.

2. Perhaps we missed the correct turning.

MIGHT
We _________________________________________________________the
correct turning.

3. I'm afraid you can't smoke in here.

ALLOWED
You _________________________________________________________in here.

4. They will expect you to wear a suit for the interview.

HAVE
You _________________________________________________________a suit for
the interview.

5. I'd see a doctor if I were you.

OUGHT
You _________________________________________________________a doctor.

6. He couldn't swim until he was in his twenties.

ABLE
He _________________________________________________________until he
was in his twenties.

7. We got a table at the restaurant without a reservation.

NEED
We _________________________________________________________book a
table at the restaurant.

8. You were expected to answer all the questions on the exam paper.
ANSWERED
You _________________________________________________________all the
questions on the examination paper.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

5) Conditionals
Any type of conditional sentence is likely to appear in this part of Paper 3.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word
given. You must use between two and five words.

1. I only told you because I thought you would be interested.

TOLD
I _________________________________________________________you if I
thought you weren't interested.
2. I won't organise the party unless you arrange the food.
LONG
I'll organise the party
________________________________________________________arrange the
food.

3. I think it would be a good idea to speak to the manager first.

WERE
If _________________________________________________________speak to the
manager first.

4. If you do the washing up I'll make the coffee.

PROVIDED
I'll make the coffee
_______________________________________________________the washing up.

5. Your tired because you keep staying up late.

WERE
If _________________________________________________________to bed
earlier, you wouldn't be so tired.

6. You never enter competitions so you'll never win anything.

MIGHT
If you entered competions
_______________________________________________________something.

7. The reason I haven't got much money is because they didn't give me
promotion.
POOR
If they had given me promotion I
_________________________________________________________now.

8. I've been so happy since I met you.

MIGHT
I _________________________________________________________so happy if I
hadn't met you.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

6) 'Unreal' Pasts
You will sometimes find sentences using 'If only ...', 'I wish ...', I'd rather ...' etc that require the
use of past tenses.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words.

1. I'd love to know how John is getting on.

KNEW
I _________________________________________________________how John was getting on.
2. You should take an umbrella with you.
BETTER
You _________________________________________________________an umbrella with you.

3. I think taxes should be increased.

TIME
It _________________________________________________________increased

4. He behaves like the President of the company.

THOUGH
He acts _________________________________________________________the President of the
company.

5. I regret not inviting Cathy to the party.

ONLY
If _________________________________________________________Cathy

6. I'd prefer you to get home early tonight.

RATHER
I _________________________________________________________home early tonight.

7. It's a pity the car is so expensive.

WISH
I _________________________________________________________so expensive.

8. It will be better for you to come alone.

SOONER
I would _________________________________________________________on your own.

Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation

7) Verb Patterns
You knowledge of verb patterns such as gerund and infinitive is frequently tested.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words.

1. It's really important that you pay the bill today.

REMEMBER
You must _________________________________________________________the bill today.

2. I think it would be a good idea if you joined the beginner's class.

SUGGEST
I _________________________________________________________the beginners class.

3. Meeting John in town was really surprising.

EXPECT
I _________________________________________________________John in town.

4. In the future she became a successful business woman.

WENT
She _________________________________________________________a successful business woman.

5. I'll help you with your homework.

MIND
I _________________________________________________________you with your homework.

6. I hated driving on the left at first but now it's OK.

USED
I _________________________________________________________on the left now.

7. Don't bother to apply for the job.

POINT
There _________________________________________________________for the job.

8. Were you successful in passing the exam?

MANAGE
Did _________________________________________________________the exam?
Part 3: 'Key' Word Transformation
8 Phrasal Verbs
Sentences requiring phrasal verbs often appear in this section.

For Questions 1-8, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
two and five words.

1. I'm really excited about the holiday.

LOOKING
I _________________________________________________________the holiday.

2. The bomb exploded early this morning

OFF
The bomb _________________________________________________________early this
morning.

3. Why don't you start doing a sport?

TAKE
Have you thought about _________________________________________________________a
sport?

4. His parents raised him very strictly.

UP
His parents _________________________________________________________very strictly.

5. They've cancelled the wedding.

OFF
They have _________________________________________________________the wedding.

6. I don't think they should abolish military service.

AWAY
They shouldn't _________________________________________________________military
service.

7. I've got to reduce the amount of sweets I eat.

DOWN
I must _________________________________________________________the number of sweets
I eat.

8. My host family will let you stay with us.

UP
My host family will _________________________________________________________.

I haven't seen you for years.

ages
It's __________________________________________ saw you.
1. Because it snowed heavily during the night the motorway is closed.
due
The motorway is closed ____________________________________that there was
heavy snow the night before.

2. Did you manage to get in contact with the boss today?

getting
Did you __________________________________________ in contact with the boss
today?

3. I don’t care what you do.

concerned
As __________________________________________ you can do what you like.

4. The meal we had in the restaurant was so nice.

such
It __________________________________________ meal in the restaurant.

5. He was ordered to leave the field for arguing with the referee.
sent
The referee __________________________________________ for arguing.

6. Do you and your brother have the same looks?

like
Does __________________________________________ you?

7. That’s the garage where I left my car last week.

repaired
That’s where I went __________________________________________ last week.

8. You can't bring food into this room.

supposed
You __________________________________________ food into this room.

Example:
I haven't seen you for years.
ages
It's (been ages since I) saw you.

1. 'Why don't you come over for dinner at the weekend?' he asked her.
suggested
He __________________________________________ for dinner at the weekend.

2. His boss won't tolerate lateness.

put
His boss won't __________________________________________ lateness.

3. The school I studied at last year was better than this one.
good
This school __________________________________________ my last one.

4. Although the weather was terrible we had a good time.

spite
We had a good time __________________________________________ the terrible
weather.

5. Being rude is inexcusable.

excuse
There is __________________________________________ rude

6. I find driving on the left in England very strange.

accustomed
I __________________________________________ on the left in England.

7. I regret taking up smoking.

wish
I __________________________________________ up smoking.

8. The police are interviewing the suspects.

interviewed
The suspects __________________________________________ by the police.