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1-1The von Neumann model is the basis for today's computers.

1-2 In a computer, the memory subsystem stores data and programs.
1-3 In a computer, the ALU subsystem performs calculations and logical operations.
1-4 In a computer, the input/output subsystem accepts data and programs and sends
processing results to output devices.
1-5 In a computer, the control unit subsystem serves as a manager of the other subsystems.
1-6 According to the von Neumann model, data and programs are stored in memory.
1-7 A step-by-step solution to a problem is called an algorithm
1-8 FORTRAN and COBOL are examples of computer languages .
1-9 A 17th-century computing machine that could perform addition and subtraction was the
Pascaline
1-10 A program is a set of instructions in a computer language that tells the computer what to
do with data.
1-11 Software engineering is the design and writing of a program in structured form.
1-12 The first electronic special-purpose computer was called ABC
1-13 One of the first computers based on the von Neumann model was called EDVAC
1-14 The first computing machine to use the idea of storage and programming was called
the Jacquard loom
1-15 High-level programming languages separated the programming task from computer
operation tasks.
2-1 The base of the decimal number system is 10
2-2 The base of the binary number system is 2
2-3 The base of the octal number system is 8
2-4 The base of the hexadecimal number system is 16
2-5 When converting a decimal integer to base b, we repeatedly divide by
2-6 When converting a decimal fraction to base b, we repeatedly multiply by
3-2 In a set of 64 symbols, each symbol requires a bit pattern length of 6 bits
3-3 How many symbols can be represented by a bit pattern with ten bits? 1024
3-4 If the ASCII code for E is 1000101, then the ASCII code for e is 1100101 . Answer the
question without consulting the ASCII table.
3-5 A 32-bit code called Unicode represents symbols in all languages.

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3-6 An image can be represented in a computer using the either bitmap or vector graphic
method.
3-7 In the bitmap graphic method of representing an image in a computer,
each pixel is assigned a bit patterns.
3-8 In the vector graphic method of representing an image in a computer,
the image is decomposed into a combination of geometrical figures.
3-9 In the bitmap graphic method of representing an image in a computer,
re-scaling of the image creates a ragged or grainy image.
3-10 When we want to store music in a computer, the audio signal must be
sampled, quantized, and coded
3-11 A floating-point value after normalization is (1.0101) ? 2?4. What is the
value of exponent section in the Excess-127 representation? 123
3-12 Assume a new Excess system uses 17 bits to represent the exponent
section. What is the bias value in this system? 65535
3-13 Which number representation method is often used to store the exponential value of a
fractional part? Excess
3-14 In an Excess conversion, we add the bias number to the number to be converted.
3-15 When a fractional part is normalized, the computer stores the the sign, exponent, and
mantissa
3-17 The combination of sign and mantissa of a real number in IEEE
standard floating point format is stored as an integer in the sign-and-magnitude
representation.
4-1 Subtraction is an arithmetic operation.
4-2 exclusive OR, unary NOT, or binary AND is a logical bit operator.
4-3 The two's complement method of integer representation is the most common method for
storing integers in computer memory.
4-4 In two's complement addition, if there is a final carry after the left most
column addition, discard it
4-5 For an 8-bit allocation, the smallest decimal number that can be
represented in two's complement form is -128
4-6 For an 8-bit allocation, the largest decimal number that can be
represented in two's complement form is 127

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4-7 In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get

-8 when we add 1 to 7.
4-8 In two's complement representation with a 4-bit allocation, we get
-6 when we add 5 to 5.
4-9 If the exponent in Excess_127 is binary 10000101, the exponent in
decimal is 6
4-10 If we are adding two numbers, one of which has an exponent value of 7
and the other an exponent value of 9, we need to shift the decimal point of the
smaller number two places to the left
4-11 AND, OR, or XOR operator (s) takes two inputs to produce one output
4-12 The unary NOT operator inverts its single input.
4-13 In AND, OR, or XOR operator (s), if the input is two 0s, the output is 0.
4-14 In only XOR operator (s), if the input is two 1s, the output is 0.
4-15 For the binary AND operation, only an input of two 1s gives an
output of 1.
4-16 For the binary OR operation, only an input of two 0s gives an output of 0.
4-17 We use a bit pattern called a mask to modify another bit pattern.
4-18 To flip all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 1s and then XOR the bit pattern
and the mask.
4-19 To un-set (force to 0) all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 0s
and then AND the bit pattern and the mask.
4-20 To set (force to 1) all the bits of a bit pattern, make a mask of all 1s and then OR the bit
pattern and the mask.
5-1 The CPU is a computer subsystem that performs operations on data.
5-2 A register is a stand-alone storage location that holds data temporarily.
5-3 An ALU is a unit that can add two inputs.
5-4 A register in a CPU can hold data, instruction, or program counter values
5-5 A control unit with five wires can define up to 32 operations.
5-6 A word can be 8 or 16 or 32 bits.
5-7 If the memory address space is 16 MB and the word size is 8 bits, then 24 bits are needed
to access each word.

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5-8 The data in RAM is erased if the computer is powered down.

5-9 DRAM is a memory type with capacitors that need to be refreshed periodically.
5-10 SRAM is a memory type with traditional flip-flop gates to hold data.
5-11 There are 2^16 bytes in 16 Terabytes.
5-12 EEPROM can be programmed and erased using electronic impulses but can remain in a
computer during erasure.
5-13 PROM is a type of memory in which the user, not the manufacturer, stores programs
that cannot be overwritten.
5-14 Main memory in a computer usually consists of large amounts of low speed memory.
5-15 A CD-R is a storage device to which the user can write information only once.
5-16 A CD-RW is a storage device that can undergo multiple writes and erasures.
5-17 The smallest storage area on a magnetic disk that can be accessed at one time is a sector
5-18 If the memory has 232 words, the address bus needs to have 32 wires.
5-19 A control bus with eight wires can define 256 operations.
5-20 A USB and FireWire controller is a high-speed serial interface that transfers data in
packets.
5-21 The three steps in the running of a program on a computer are performed in the specific
order fetch, decode, and execute
5-23 In the programmed I/O method for synchronizing the operation of the CPU with an I/O
device, the CPU is idle until the I/O operation is finished.
5-24 In the DMA method for synchronizing the operation of the CPU with an I/O device, a
large block of data can be passed from an I/O device to memory directly.
6-1 The TCP/IP model has five layers.
6-2 The application layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite provides services for end users.
6-3. The physical layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite transmits a bit stream over a physical
medium.
6-4 The data-link layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite is responsible for node-to-node delivery
of a frame between two adjacent nodes.
6-5 The network layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite is responsible for source-to-destination
delivery of the entire message.
6-6 What is the domain name in the email address kayla@nasa.gov? nasa.gov
6-7 Which physical topology uses a hub or switch? star
6-8 IP addresses are currently 32 bits in length.
6-9 TCP, UDP, and SCTP protocol (s) is one of the protocols in the transport layer.

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6-10 FTP is a protocol for file transfer.

6-11 SMTP is a protocol for email services.
6-12 HTTP is a protocol for accessing and transferring documents on the WWW.
7-1 An operating system is a program that facilitates the execution of other programs.
7-2 An operating system supervises the activity of each component in a computer system.
7-3 Multi-programming requires a time-sharing operating-system.
7-4 Demand paging is multi-programming with swapping.
7-5 Partitioning is multi-programming without swapping. Partitioning
7-6 In mono-programming , only one program can reside in memory for execution.
7-7 Partitioning is a multi-programming method in which multiple programs are entirely in
memory with each program occupying a contiguous space.
7-8 In paging, a program is divided into equally sized sections called pages .
7-9 In demand segmentation , the program can be divided into differently sized sections.
7-10 In demand paging , the program can be divided into equally sized sections called pages,
but the pages need not be in memory at the same time for execution.
7-11 A process in the running state can go to either the ready, terminated,or waiting states.
7-12 A process in the ready state goes to the running state when it gets access to the CPU
7-13 A program becomes a job when it is selected by the operating system and brought to the
hold state.
7-14 Every process is a job and a program
7-15 The job scheduler creates a process from a job and changes a process back to a job.
7-16 The process scheduler moves a process from one process state to another.
7-17 To prevent deadlock , an operating system can put resource restrictions on processes.
7-18 Starvation can occur if a process has too many resource restrictions.
7-19 The file manager is responsible for archiving and backup.
7-20 The device manager is responsible for access to I/O devices.
8-1 An algorithm is a step-by-step method for solving a problem or doing a task.
8-2 There are three basic constructs in computer -science.
8-3 The decision construct tests a condition.
8-4 The sequence construct uses a set of actions one after another.
8-5 The repetition construct handles repeated actions.

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8-6 A UML diagram is a pictorial representation of an algorithm.

8-7 Pseudocode is an English-language-like representation of code.
8-8 Summation is a basic algorithm that adds a list of numbers.
8-9 Product is a basic algorithm that multiplies a list of numbers. Product
8-10 Sorting is a basic algorithm that arranges data according to its value.
8-11 The items are divided into two lists (sorted and unsorted) in selection, bubble, or
insertion sort.
8-12 In insertion sort, the item that goes into the sorted list is always the first item in the
unsorted list.
8-13 In selection sort, the smallest item from the unsorted list is swapped with the item at the
beginning of the unsorted list.
8-14 In bubble sort, the smallest item moves to the beginning of the
unsorted list. There is no one-to-one swapping.
8-15 Searching is a basic algorithm in which we want to find the location of a target in a list
of items.
8-16 We use a sequential search for an unordered list.
8-17 We use a binary search for an ordered list.
8-18 Recursion is a process in which an algorithm calls itself.
9-1 The only language understood by computer hardware is a machine language.
9-2 C, C++, and Java can be classified as high-level languages.
9-3 FORTRAN is a(n) procedural language. procedural
9-4 Pascal is a(n) procedural language.
9-5 Java is a(n) object-oriented language.
9-6 LISP is a(n) functional language. functional
9-7 COBOL is a common language in the business -environment.
9-8 Java is a popular object-oriented language.
9-9 A Java program can be either an application or an applet.
9-10 LISP and Scheme are both functional languages.
9-11 Prolog is an example of a(n) declarative language.
10-1 One phase in system development is analysis
10-2 Defining the users, requirements, and methods is part of the analysis phase.

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10-3 In the system development process, writing the program is part of the implementation
phase.
10-4 In the system development process, structure charts are tools used in the design phase.
10-5 Testing a software system can involve both black-box and glass-boxtesting.
10-6 Modularization is the breaking up of a large project into smaller parts.
10-7 Coupling is a measure of how tightly two modules are bound to each other.
10-8 Coupling between modules in a software system must be minimized.
10-9 Cohesion between modules in a software system must be maximized.
11-1 A data structure can be an array, a record, or a linked list
11-2 An array that consists of just rows and columns is a one-dimensional array.
11-3 Each element in a record is called a field
11-4 All the members of a record must be related types
11-5 A linked list is an ordered collection of data in which each element contains the location
of the next element.
11-6 In a linked list, each element contains data and a link
11-7 The link is a pointer that identifies the next element in the linked list.
11-8 Given a linked list called children, the pointer variable children identifies the first
element of the linked list.
11-9 An empty linked list consists of a null head pointer
11-10 To traverse a list, you need a walking pointer.
12-1 In an abstract data type, the ADT implementation is hidden
12-2 A stack is a LIFO structure.
12-3 A (n) FIFO list is also known as a queue.
12-4 If A is the first data element input into a stack, followed by B, C, and D,
then D is the first element to be removed.
12-5 If A is the first data element input into a queue, followed by B, C, and
D, then A is the first element to be removed.
12-6 The pop operation deletes an item from the top of the stack.
12-7 The push operation inserts an item at the top of the stack.
12-8 In a binary tree, each node has at most two subtrees.
12-9 In preorder traversal of a binary tree, the root is processed first

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12-10 In inorder traversal of a binary tree, the right subtree is processed

12-11 In postorder traversal of a binary tree, the root is processed last
12-12 In postorder traversal of a binary tree, the left subtree is processed first
12-13 In preorder traversal of a binary tree, the left subtree is processed
last.
12-14 In an inorder traversal of a binary tree, the root is processed second
13-1 Any file can be accessed randomly.
13-2 A sequential file can be accessed sequentially.
13-3 When a sequential file is updated, the new master file gets the actual update.
13-4 When a sequential file is updated, the error report file contains a list of all errors
occurring during the update process.
13-5 When a sequential file is updated, the transaction file contains the changes to be applied.
13-6 After a sequential file is updated, the new master file contains the most current data.
13-7 If the transaction file key is 20 and the first master file key is 25, then we add the new
record to the new master file
13-8 If the transaction file key is 20 with a delete code and the master file key is 20, then we
delete the data
13-9 An indexed file consists of an index and random data file
13-10 The index of an indexed file has two fields.
13-11 In the digit extraction hashing method, selected digits are extracted from the key and
used as the address.
13-12 In the modulo division hashing method, the key is divided by the file size, and the
address is the remainder plus 1.
13-13 In the direct hashing method, there are no synonyms or collisions.
13-14 Synonyms are keys that hash to the same location in the data file.
13-15 When a hashing algorithm produces an address for an insertion key and that address is
already occupied, it is called a collision
13-16 The address produced by a hashing algorithm is the home address.
13-17 The prime area is the file area that contains all the home addresses.
13-18 In the open addressing collision resolution method, we try to put data that cannot be
placed in location 123 into location 124.
14-1 In a three-level DBMS architecture, the layer that interacts directly with the hardware is
the internal level.

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14-2 In a three-level DBMS architecture, the internal level determines where data is actually
stored on the storage devices.
14-3 The conceptual level of a three-level DBMS architecture defines the logical view of the
data.
14-4 The data model and the schema of a DBMS are often defined at the conceptual level.
14-5 In a three-level DBMS architecture, the external level interacts directly with the users.
14-6 Of the various database models, the relational model is the most prevalent today.
14-7 Each column in a relation is called an attribute
14-8 Each row in a relation is called a tuple
14-9 A unary operator is applied to one relation(s) and creates an output of two relation(s).
14-10 A binary operator is applied to two relation(s) and creates an output of one relation(s).
14-11 The unary insert operation always results in a relation that has exactly one more row
than the original relation.
14-12 If you want to change the value of an attribute of a tuple, you use the update operation.
14-13 The operation that takes two relations and combines them based on common attributes
is the join operation.
14-14 If you need to delete an attribute in a relation, you can use the project operation.
14-15 You want to create a relation called New that contains tuples that belong to both
relation A and relation B. For this, you can use the intersection operation.
14-16 Which of the following is a unary operator? project
14-17 Which of the following is a binary operator? difference
14-18 SQL is a declarative language used on relational databases.
15-1 Data is compressed using a dictionary with indexes to strings. This is Lempel Ziv
encoding
15-2 A string of one hundred 0s is replaced by two markers, a 0, and the number 100. This is
run-length encoding
15-4 In a lossless data compression method, the received data is an exact copy of the original
message.
15-5 In MP3, JPEG, or MPEG data compression method, the received data need not be an
exact copy of the original message.
15-3 JPEG is an example of lossy compression.
15-6 Huffman, run-length, or LZ encoding is a lossless data compression method.
15-7 In Huffman encoding, the more frequently occurring characters have shorter codes than
the less frequently occurring characters.

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15-8 In run-length encoding, PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP can be replaced by P15.

15-9 LZ encoding requires a dictionary, a buffer, and an algorithm
15-10 JPEG encoding involves the discrete cosine transform, a process that reveals the
redundancies in a block.
15-11 In JPEG encoding, the blocking process breaks the original picture into smaller blocks
and assigns a value to each pixel in a block.
15-12 The last step in JPEG, compression , removes redundancies.
15-13 JPEG is a lossy compression method for pictures and graphics, whereas MPEG is a
lossy compression method for video.
Physical Which of the following is OSI layer of repeater?
Time slicing An OS method of allowing multiple processes to share the CPU is: *
Partitioned and formatted Before a disk can be used, it must be: *
Data Link Which of the OSI layers is responsible for guaranteed delivery of data? *
Transfer Web pages The purpose of HTTP is to *
Ctrl+Alt +Del key In Windows , you can see the Task manager by using which of the
following? *
Fiber-optic cable Which type of guided medium is the least susceptible to attenuation
and inductance? *
64 What is the positional value of the 7 in the base 8 number 2715? *
XOR Which of the following is not one of the basic Boolean operators? *
Network Which of the following is OSI layer of Router *
Disk Operating System DOS stands for: *
DOS Which of the following is not a multitasking OS? *
Formatting The process of arranges the disk's surface into addressable areas and sets up
the disk's basic directory tree structure *
1100010000111010 What binary value is equivalent to the hex number C43A? *
ALU Which part of the CPU is responsible for mathematical operations? *
They were cheaper, smaller, and cooler than tubes and lasted longer. What features of
transistors made them superior for computers, compared with vacuum tubes? *
Linux operating system Today, Microsoft considers its major competition in operating
systems to be what system? *
High-speed Cache memory is used to speed processing in a computer system *
Flip-flop Which of the following circuit types is used to create SRAM? *

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256 Kbps to 1.5 MbpsDSL speeds range from: *

FDM and TDM DSL is a combination of what two types of multiplexing? *
1000011111 What is the binary equivalent of the decimal number 543? *
A Bus in computer terminology is a set of wires and protocols designed to facilitate data
transfer *
Wireless Which of the following is not one of the OSI model layers? *
Root The main level of a disk is called the: *
Point of Presence Internet Providers maintain a Switching center called a: *
16 What is the positional value of the A in the hexadecimal number C4A6? *
15,373 What base 10 value is equivalent to 3C0D of base 16? *
Star Which topology has become more popular with the advent of the Internet and home
networking? *
ROM Which type of memory can't be written to easily? *
Interrupt Which type of I/O processing is most efficient? *
129 What numeric value in base 10 does the binary number 10000001 represent? *
Data Link Which of the following is OSI layer of Switch? *
DEAD What numeric value in hexadecimal is equivalent to the binary number
1101111010101101 *
802.11 Which of the following standards is used in wireless networking? *
SRAM Which of the following memory types is the fastest? *
16 What is the minimum number of bits required to represent 256 colors? *
Algebraic expressions Boolean expressions are simplified through the use of: *
BIOS The _______________ contains instructions and data that provide the startup program
for a computer. *
False In Windows, the MD command must be used to create a folder *
Interpreter Which of the following translates a program's statements, one by one, into a
language the computer can understand? *
Router Which Internet component is responsible for decrementing the TTL field? *
<A> Which HTML tag is used to provide links to other pages? *
Compiler Which of the following converts source code into a computer language and
results in an executable file *
None of the above Which of the following is not a responsibility of the file system? *

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Prototype A ... is a standard or typical example of how something might work, but
without all the built-in functionality. *
HTTP Which of the following protocols makes the Web possible? *
TCP Which portion of the TCP/IP protocol suite provides error detection and correction *
None of the above Which is not included as a task of software engineering? *
Algorithm Which is not a type of control structure? *
Thousands How many DNS servers does the Internet have? *
Domain What is the set of possible values for a column? *
Eliminate repeated fields First normal DB form say *
C++ Which of the following is not a valid DBMS? *
Degradation Which is not a valid software development model? *
Worm A....... is a bot that actively reproduces itself across a network *
passwords Use ...................................to protect everything Startup, e-mail, router, phone,
PDA, screen saver *
HTML Which of the following is not an Internet-related protocol? *
Virus .............. are uninvited guest programs on your computer with the potential to damage
files and the operating system *
Efficient disk use on small volumes Which is not an advantage of using NTFS? *
Primary key What uniquely identifies a row in a table? *
1 How many IP addresses are presented to the Internet when NAT is used? *
65,536 5. How many possible ports are allowed in TCP? *
80 What is the standard port number for HTTP? *
Array A(n) __________ is a data structure consisting of contiguous memory locations *
Flowchart A ... is used as a visual model for describing a program's logical steps *
DHCP Which Internet protocol is used to assign IP addresses dynamically? *
ORDER BY Which of the following SQL SELECT options is used to organize the data
being returned? *
Flash With _________ the microchip is organized so that a section of memory cells are
erased in a single action. *
None of the above Which should not be included in the design document? *
Assembly Which is not an example of a high-level programming language? *
A blueprint that shows an application's functionality A design document is used as: *

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Compiler Which of the following converts source code into a computer language and
results in an executable file? *
Add the data Which is not a step of the database design process? *
minimize drive head movement? Disk Defragmenter utility is used to *
Variable What is a name used to identify a specific location and value in memory? *
Data dictionary The document responsible for describing the type of data stored in the
database is called the *
Troyjan is a program that poses as an innocent program *
SMTP Which of the following is an example of a high-level protocol? *
None of the above Which is not a type of programming language? *

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