GRADE 11
Disciplines and
Ideas in the
Social Sciences
Ms. Marie Christine Pajanil
1 2
3
4
5
Lesson 2:
Introducing the
Disciplines within
the Social
Sciences
At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:
demonstrate an
1
Learning understanding of the different
disciplines in Social Sciences;
Objectives
identify the different
2
disciplines or branches in the
Social Sciences; and
At the end of the lesson, the students
are expected to:
1
compare and contrast the
Learning 3
Social Science disciplines
Objectives according to their nature and
function.
Social Sciences Disciplines
1. Anthropology
“anthopos” (human),
“logos” (study of)
scientific study of man
or human being and
their societies in the
past and present.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: The goal is to study various aspects of
human life, record findings, contribute to historical
understanding, and determine current states of the
human condition to better comprehend and act upon.
(Fethe, 2017)
NATURE: The aim of modern social anthropology is
just not to study human society but also to
understand the complex issues of modern human life.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Edward Burnett Taylor (1832 - 1917) According to Oxford
Dictionary of National Biography, 2004
English cultural anthropologist
First to hold the chair in the subject at Oxford University in the UK in 1896
Coined the term “culture”
Wrote “Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the
Development of Civilization"
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: European explorers and colonizers discovered
new civilizations, leading to curiosity about their identity, ancestors,
relationships, similarities, and differences, as well as their culture, knowledge,
beliefs, and technology.
Social Sciences Disciplines
2. Demography
“demos” (people),
“graphein” (description)
study of human
population and
dynamics.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: To know the population of a particular area
and to ascertain as to which factors are influencing the
population of that particular area. Also, to explain the
factors relating to changes in population.
NATURE: A study of human population including its size,
distribution, composition and the factors that
determine changes in its size, distribution and
composition.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: John Graunt, (1620—1674)
English Statistician
Generally considered to be the founder of the science of
demography, the statistical study of human populations.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: The revolutions in Europe brought
rapid and radical changes which resulted to social problems, issues
and social unrest prompting some individual to direct their
attention and investigation of social phenomena.
Social Sciences Disciplines
3. Economics
“oikanomia” (household
management)
study of what
constitutes rational
human behavior in the
endeavor to fulfill
needs and wants.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: Economics' three essential functions are
production, consumption, and growth, similar to the
vital processes of living beings like feeding, digestion,
and growth. (Leano, 2012)
NATURE: Economics is concerned with both
theoretical and practical aspects of the economic
problems which we encounter in our day to day life.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Adam Smith (1723 - 1790) According to Butler, 2016
Founder of Classical School
Constructed an explanation on how social behavior is regulated
Saw a world where each person sought their own self -
interest but was constrained by morality, markets and
government
Wrote “Wealth of the Nations” in 1776
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: It was not considered a separate
discipline until the nineteenth century Greeks examined wealth
accumulation and inquiries on whether property should be in the
hands of private or public institutions.
Social Sciences Disciplines
4. Geography
“geo” (Earth), “graphein”
(description)
Deals with the study
of the relationship
between the earth
and people
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: To understand basic physical systems
that affect everyday life. To learn the location of
places and the physical and cultural characteristics of
those places in order to function more effectively in
our increasingly interdependent world. (Bonnett, 2018)
NATURE: concerned to provide an accurate, orderly,
and rational description of the variable character of
theearth's surface" (Hartshorne, p. 21).
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Eratosthenes (276 B.C - 194 B.C) According to Russell,
2017
Greek geographer
Became chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria
Accepted the concept that the Earth is round and calculated
its circumference to within 0.5 percent accuracy
Prepared the earliest maps of the known world
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: People engaged in the study of
geography because it satisfies their natural curiosity about
foreign places and different ways of life.
Social Sciences Disciplines
5. Linguistics
“lingua” (tongue,
language)
Study of languages
and focuses on the
three aspects of
language
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: Take note of the language's general social
functions, such as requesting things and activities,
starting conversations, expressing emotions,
describing the world, getting information, and acting
(Bernardez, 2013).
NATURE: A social science – a field of academic
scholarship that explores aspects of human societies
related to the languages they speak.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913) According to Mambrol,
2018
Swiss linguist
Posited that linguistic form is arbitrary and therefore that all
languages function in a similar fashion
Published “Memoire sur le systeme primitifdes voyelles dans les
langues indo-europeenes.”
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: Babylon - Sumerian, Hindus - Vedas, Formal
Study of Language - India, Formulation of 3,959 rules of Sanskrit
morphology.
Social Sciences Disciplines
6. History
“histoire” (recorded
and documented
events)
The study of the past
and its records about
events.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: Studying history enables us to observe
and understand societal behavior, evaluate war, and
provides us data to create laws and theories about
various aspects of society.
NATURE: It traces the fascinating story of how man
has developed through the ages, how man has
studied to use and control his environment and how
the present institutions have grown out of the past.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Herodotus (484 B.C - 425 B.C) According to Mark, 2018
Greek Historian
Treated historical subjects as a method of investigation
Collected historical materials systematically and critically and
arranged them into a historical narrative.
Wrote “Histories” which is the record of ancient traditions and culture
of Greece, Asia and Africa
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: In the 20th century, academic historians
focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to
glorify the nation or great men, to more objective and complex analyses
of social and intellectual forces.
Social Sciences Disciplines
7. Political Science
“politika,” “polis” (affairs
of the cities)
Deals with the system
of governance
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: A social study that explores power
allocation and transfer in decision making, governance
roles and systems, political behavior, and public
policies.
NATURE: Politics is not only a mere institution of
governance but also a mechanism for achieving
societal goals.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C) According to Neonatal, 2016
Political scientist
Laid down the foundation of governance and leadership
He said “man by nature is a political animal”.
He wrote “The Politics”
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: It was once part of the many related
fields of study like history, philosophy, law and economics. The
theoretical and practical study of the state and the politics began
way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 500 - 300 B.C
Social Sciences Disciplines
8. Psychology
“psyche” (mind), “logos”
(study of)
Scientific study of the
mind and behavior
Social Sciences Disciplines
FUNCTION: To study human soul nature, origin, and
destiny, but soul is a metaphysical entity that cannot
be observed, touched, or scientifically experimented
with.
NATURE: Psychology differs from other social
sciences such as: Sociology, History, or Economics,
because psychology specifically deals with the study
of an individual. The other social sciences will study
groups, or history.
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Wilhelm Wundt (1832 - 1920) According to McLeod, 2008
German Psychologist
Trained Psychology students to make observations that were
biased by personal interpretation or previous experience and used
the results to develop a theory of conscious thought
Wrote “Principles of Physiological Psychology.”
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: It was once part of the many related
fields of study like history, philosophy, law and economics. The
theoretical and practical study of the state and the politics began
way back to the time of the Ancient Greeks, about 500 - 300 B.C
Social Sciences Disciplines
9. Sociology
“socius” (people
together, associate),
“logos” (study of)
Study of groups - how
they are formed,
change, and the group
impacts individual
behavior
Social Sciences Disciplines
FOUNDER: Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) According to Lyudmila, 2000
French sociologist
Coined the term “sociology”
Advocated the application of scientific method to social life and
positivism.
Wrote “Cours de Philosophie Positive” published from 1830 - 1842 in
five volumes.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION: The intellectual revolution opened new
perspective in society which offered the people new principles, ideals,
and beliefs changing their outlook in life and the way they perceive
themselves, their environment and relations with fellow men.
Thank Have a
great
day
you! ahead.
