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14 Atelectasis

This document discusses atelectasis, which is a partial or complete collapse of the lung, usually due to obstruction of a bronchus. It defines atelectasis and lists its common causes such as inhalation of irritants, localized airway obstruction, and insufficient surfactant. The clinical manifestations of atelectasis include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Diagnostic procedures include chest x-rays, oximetry, and auscultation of breath sounds. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, administering oxygen, maintaining airway patency through drainage and suctioning, and using bronchoscopy to remove obstructions. Nursing interventions

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40 views15 pages

14 Atelectasis

This document discusses atelectasis, which is a partial or complete collapse of the lung, usually due to obstruction of a bronchus. It defines atelectasis and lists its common causes such as inhalation of irritants, localized airway obstruction, and insufficient surfactant. The clinical manifestations of atelectasis include fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, tachypnea, and cyanosis. Diagnostic procedures include chest x-rays, oximetry, and auscultation of breath sounds. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, administering oxygen, maintaining airway patency through drainage and suctioning, and using bronchoscopy to remove obstructions. Nursing interventions

Uploaded by

PY 01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Acute respiratory tract

disorders

Mrs Hasnah zani 1


Atelectasis

Mrs Hasnah zani 2


Learning outcomes
• At the end of this topics,student should be able to;
• Define atelectasis
• State the etiology of atelectasis
• Describe the clinical manifestation of atelectasis
• State the diagnostic procedure for client with
atelectasis

Mrs Hasnah zani 3


Cont..
• State the outcome management for client with
atelectasis
• Describe the health education to client with
atelectasis.

Mrs Hasnah zani 4


Cont..
•State the outcomes management for
client with atelectasis.
•Describe the health education to client
with atelectasis

Mrs Hasnah zani 5


Topic
• Definition
• Etiology
• Clinical manifestation
• Diagnostic procedure
• Outcome management

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Definition
• A term used to describe partial or complete
collapse of the lung, usually due to an
obstruction of a bronchus (with mucus plug,
infection or cancer).
( Black &Hawks,2005)

• Atelectasis is commonly seen immediately in the


post-operative period in those who have
undergone general anaesthesia.

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Etiology
• It develop when alveoli
become airless from
absorption of their air
without replacement of
the air with breathing

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Common causes
• Inhalation of irritating of anesthetics
• Localized airway obstruction
• Insufficient pulmonary surfactant
• Increase elastic recoil

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Symptoms
• fever less ( 38°c)
• dry cough,
• chest pains and mild shortness of breath.
• Hypoxemia
• Tachypnea
• Tachycardia
• Cyanosis

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Diagnostic procedure
• Chest x-ray
-location of atelectasis
• Oximetry
-reduce O2 perfusion
(hypoxemia)
• Auscultations
-bronchial or diminished
breath sounds
-Crackles over the affected
area
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Management
• Treatment is directed toward the underlying
cause
• If hypoxic,O2 should be administered
• Maintain airway patency such as postural
drainage,tracheal suctioning,chest
physiotherapy
• If an obstructed,bronchoscopy may used to
removed the material

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Mrs Hasnah zani 13
Nursing intervention
• Primary goal to prevent atelectasis in the
high-risk client.
• Frequent change positio.
• Early ambulation help promote drainage of
all lung segments.
• Deep breathing and effective cough
encourage lung expansion and prevent
airway obstruction.
• Encourage client to used incentive
spirometry.

Mrs Hasnah zani 14


Thank
you
?

Mrs Hasnah zani 15

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