Pau | / When * present simple > present simple Ifyou toy When yo form + Conditional sentences have two parts: = the f clause and = the main clause. +In zero conditional sentences, we use If snakes get scared, they bite + We can use when instead of fin the if clause. Ifyou mix blue and yelon, you ge green When you mix blue and yellow, you get green, + The ifclause can come at the beginning of the sentence or beginning, we put a comma after it. We do not use a comm: ‘FI havea problem, Bill helps me. Bill helps me if| have a Use We use the zero conditional to talk abou if you pour oil on water, it floats the present simple in both the if clause and the main clause. ings that are always or generally true, uch fire, you get burnt. eat to0 much, you get stomach ache, after the main clause. When it comes at the 1a when the if clause comes after the main clause. problem. Complete. Use the zero conditional. live a 1 fyou ina big city, you —_9°t__used noise pollution. (live, get) left and right when | __— 2 Lalways cross) 3 ifwe___a lot of noise, the neighbours —— (make, get) * Ipeople __ well, they —_— 5 always _ my umbrella ifthe sky 6 When she ____ the meaning of a word, she ‘dictionary. (not know, look) ___ the street. (look, properly. (not feel, not sleep) _____ cloudy. (take, be) to the trafficand In zero conditional sentences, you can usually replace if with when, If my sister has a cold, Tusually catch it. When my sister has a cold, Tusually catch it annoyed. ____it up in theifit rains tomorrow, | will not walk to work. TPoasentsimple-+ modal verb you ave to Paris, ou should vst the Louvre Museum ife-present simple > imperative _| If ie doesn't answer the phone, send him a message. Form Fin frst conditional sentences, we use the present simple in the jf clause and will in the main clause, if we buy a town map, we won't get lost. + We can also use a modal verb (can, must, should, etc) or imperative in the main clause. Ifyou want to move around the town quickly, you should use your bike. Ifyou want to move around the town quickly, use your bike. + In the if clause of frst conditional sentences, we also can use: unless to mean ‘if not. Ifyou don't hurry up, you'll miss the bus. Unless you hurry up, you'l miss the bus. « provided / providing (that) and as / so long as to mean‘ Ifthe train departs on time, we will reach Scotland by noon. Provided / Providing (that) the train departs on time, we will reach Scotland by noon, {As / So long as the train departs on time, we will reach Scotland by noon. \n condition that Use We use the first conditional to talk about something that is possible, something that may happen in the future, If see Elie, | will invite her to my party. You can go out with your friends if you finish your homework, 3 Complete. Use the first conditional. can't use 1 Ifthere is a bike lane, drivers (can't / use)it. 2 she (might / go) shopping at the retail park if she has some free time this afternoon. Fie ae ae (should / delete) videos and photos ifyour ‘smartphone begins to slow down. 4 ifhe____(not be) exhausted, he may go jogging after work. 5 They ___(sell) their latin the city centre ifthey decide to move to the suburbs. 6 ft'm busy on Friday,|_________(not join) you for dinner. 7 He won't succeed ifhe (not set) realistic goals. 8 (you / let) me know if you change your mind? 4 Complete. Use the first conditional. 1 ifyou__“@M to get a taxi, you__©@"89 __to the taxi rank at the end of the street. (want, can / go) aie) 2 They __ annoyed if we __ on time. (be, not arrive) Unless has 2 negative 3 He __my tablet as long as he it back to me i — ——__— in meaning. It means if not ‘wo hours. (can / borrow, give) Michel wont tak to 4 iffey___the competition, she half the prize people if they dont tal money to hay. (vin, donate) right won ak . licha 5 We ___him tomorrow unless he work late people untess they alk (see, have to) to him frst: Bee tothe party ifhertwin sister her {not go, not join)| ewes te nents. Use te words ba kets, x cling habits (unless ne oa cng ne) 4 Security is not a problem ifyou never 50rd (as long 2 YS not a problem ifyou never give anyone ya Password. (as long Ir ) 5 We can start straightaway i You all agree (provided) 6 The manager won't see you unless i's an emergenor GH) aie" in emergency. (if) 7 They're playing tenis tomorrow it doesn't ran, (provid aber viding) & You can't enter unless you are a member ofthe cub (f) f+ past simple > 1 were taller, | could play baskeball professionally “In second conditional sentences, we use the past simple inthe iflause and would in the main clause The short form of would is‘. We use an infntive ater would; nse an4 would nthe main ca If she had the choice, she would lve in the countryside. +We can also use a modal verb (could, might, etc) in the main clause. {fshe had the choice, she might live in te countryside. “We can use were instead of was inthe iclause iflwas / were rich, | would have c yacht. Use We use the second conditional: +totalk about something that is impossible. 'f1had a lot of money, | would buy an apartment in New York! “to talk about something that is possible but unlikely. ‘Fyou went to bed earlier, you would feel much better in the morning. “to give advice, usually with f | were you. 'f1 were you, wouldn't take the underground. 8 Complete. use the second conditional. would go__(go) everywhere by bike. Titi ig city, | lived ina big city, (stop) using plastic 2 What would happen if we — bottles and containers? (can J work) in another country, | would 3 , ans apan, (not lve) inthis neighbourhood. 'the had the choice, he \n shoplifting? 5 What_____(you / do) ifyousaw a personSROP Tore carfree zones 6 There would be much less air pollution if there ~~ in big cities,7 Complete. Use the second conditional. 1 I'm sure that Alex __Would be _(be) happier if he ave (live) in a small, quiet village. 2 Ifthe weather __ (improve), we (can / go) for a walk. 3 Ifyou (have) one wish, what {you / wish) for? 4 The soup (taste) better iit (not be) so salty, 5 Ifyou (ask) her nicely, sure she (say) yes. 6 (you / stay) calm ifyou (hear) a strange noise in the middle of the night? B Read and write sentences. Use if] were you to give advice. 1. Your mum had lunch in a restaurant where the service was awful and you think she should complain to the manager. ‘if were you, I'd complain to the manager. 2 Your friend has a great job opportunity in China and you think she should accept it. 3 Your friend is very unhappy living alone in his flat and you think he should find a flatmate. 4 Your friend wants to study architecture and you think he should start drawing classes. 5 Your friend is very tired after a long exam period and you think she should go on holiday. 6 Your friend eats junk food very often and you think he should eat more healthily. Me Rear necar If + past perfect - would + have + past participle f+ past perfect > modal verb + have + past participle | If had seen him, | would have said heli off the ladder. if he had been more careful, he might not have fallen Form “In third conditional sentences, we use the past perfect in the if clause and would + have + past participle in the main clause. 1f| hadn't stayed in the office until late, | wouldn't have missed my favourite TV programme. * We can also use a modal verb (could, might, etc.) + have + past participle in the main clause. ‘she had left abit earlier, she might have caught her fight. Use We use the third conditional to talk about things in the past that were possible but did not happen. Jf had known you were in hospital, | would have come to see you.one ing 7) 1 MWthere hadn't been (a tex ~ {M0t be) major power cut we 2. I would have come to the festival if you 3 shoe you _ : (we 10 Complete. Use the third conditional, 1 Helen _would have taken — (take) her car to wor it it_hadn’t broken down ) her car to work (not break down). 2 tT charge As 9 general rule, the fist conditional i — (charge) my mobite phone, refers tothe future, the second __—__———— (not shut down). conditional refers to the present and 3 idenyioe the third conditional refers tothe past. this (noth IF have time, Il help you. (This sok ——— not happen). happen in the future.) | (not lene) uit par {If Thad money, T would book a hoidy in | fsa ieee the Caribbean. (Ths is impossibie nthe ] you — (say) yc re sorry. present.) | 5 ifthey (take) my advice, they IF Thad realised my mistake, I would rothavé) soran ates have apologised. This didn happen in SIN (hot have) so many eth the past.) (we Sanaa (not learn) Spanish ifwe a (not move) to Argentina Cree ee cy | Write sentences. Use the third conditional. itwas late. 1. Sophie caught the bus because ee ate if the bus hadn't been late, Sophie wouldn't have caug! ; in the morning. 2. Charlie didn’t know about the meeting, so he didn’t wake up early ioe ess 3 Steve didn’t win the gold medal. His dream tee ae dit. 4 I didn't know the email wasn't for me and I rea ws (_ — = 2 Connery stopped at the r trafic light and he didn't crash into the van in front of im. .d at the red traffic light and he st a he sixth floor. to walk up to t 5 The lift was out of order, so Betty had ‘ tt ilealMy)... unlucky day, twas one of those Monday mornings when you have to go back. school after a relaxing weekend! "I went to bed very late on Su night because | was watching my favourite science fiction series oy TV, so didn't got up early in the morning, | left home ina huny without having any breakfast, “The bus had just left when I goto, {he bus station, so | had to walt fr the nex! one. °MiF Simpson, my biology teacher, was furious when | arrived fifteen minutes late for class. At the end of the lesson, ‘1 didn’t hand in my biology projact because | had left my flash drive at home. *Allof this happened because | stayed up late to watch TV! 1 If _hadn't gone to bed very late on Sunday night, | w. Ifthe bus i fl None of this sould have got up early in the morning 2 3 4 5 Wish / ifonly + past simple | wish | had a new smartphone, Ifonly | didn't have so much homework. They wish they could go to Disneyland. Wish / f only + would wish people would recycle more! IFonly it would stop raining! Wish / fonly + past perfect simple | | wish | hadn't eaten so much chocolate. Bruce wishes he hadn't been rude to his mum. Ifonly | had made a bigger effort! Wish / ifonly + past simple + We use wish / ifonly + past simple to express a wish, *We often use could after wish /if only. to say that something is not as we would like it to be. wish | didn’t have to go to school today. ‘MFonly | didn't live so far away from the city centre. *We can use wish and if only in the same way. But if only is stronger than wish. We use it to give more emphasis. ‘wish our house had a garden. Wfonly our house had a garden! Wish / if only + would We use wish / if only + would to complain about a situation, use it to complain about things that someone does repeate: ‘wish you would stop making that noise! Wish / if only + past perfect simple that ae mish / if only « past perfect simple to express a wish about the past. We use it to say that we are sorry 'appened or did not happen, to talk about ‘my smartphone on the bus. ied to his mother! that something hi ‘wish | hadn't left only he hadn't, Joy wishes he could play the guitar. ifonly | could speak Russian! + We can use were instead of was after wish / if only. Iwish | was / were taller , to talk about something that annoys us. We often dly, all the time. something we regret.| wish | lived in a city Hf only we had woved where citizens went to a city that was more everywhere by bike. envivonmentally- friendly. a= This isa wish for the This is a wish for the past / present / future. past / present / future. 14 What do these people wish? Complete the sentences. 1 [don’t know many people in my new neighbourhood, | wish 1 knew more people in my new neighbourhood 2 There are no bicycle lanes where | live. | wish i 3 can't go on holiday this summer. Iwish 4 Ihave to go to work very early tomorrow morning. wish a 5 | would like to be on a tropical island right now. ‘wish ee 6 ‘can't afford to buy those designer jeans. Wish ee — —— 7 Holidays can't last forever. | wish io ee ® | don’t always do the right thing. ish ac 1 wish people would stop sing plastic betles. ‘We use wish with would to make a ‘complaint / decision / suggestion.P (Z 15 What do these people wish? Write sentences. Tayler wishes a 16 Circle the correct answers. 1. A: Did you book that trip to Moscow? It was a very good offer. I wish | booked /(had booked)it. Now it’s double the price, The river at the edge of the city is polluted. I wish people had stopped / would stop throwing plastic bottles in it. 3. A: Doyou enjoy life in the big city? B: No, not at all. if only | could live / had lived in a remote village by the sea, ‘4: Has Justin ever mentioned that he grew up in a very dangerous neighbourhood? B: Yes, he has. He says he wishes he never lived / had never lived there. 5 A: Annabel has recently moved to Manhattan and she says she doesn't like it very much. B: If only she would stop / stops complaining about everything! 6 A: Ittakes me about an hour to get to work every day. B: Yes, me too. | wish public transport were / had been better in our city Den reyrs 7) 47, Complete. Use the correct form of the verb, 1, Nora can't get used to working tong hours. She wis she had never accepted eae (never | accept) that job offer 2. like the bright lights of big cite wish inte York iy ae” 3 Iwish iil PE 02a x We often use z wish = — (ask) Dad to pickmeup because thadto conan Sel Mish wait forthe bus for half an hour aa sy ce orca 4 tread an article about lost civilisations and it was fascinating ronly arabe, Peak ' (can / travel) back in time. Twish 1 could join 5 I've had my bedroom painted green. Now I wish |_ you tonight! (choose) a different colour, Bes Br The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking, but | can't take a picture. ifonty}_— (bring) my camera with me. 18 Read and write sentences, Use the second conditional. ULTIMATE Writing 1. island of Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean: admire the sunset on the beach if __Lvisited the island of Sri Lanka inthe Indian Ocean _, {would admire the sunset onthe beach 2. Greenwich Royal Observatory, London: explore the night sky at the Planetarium Victoria Falls, Africa: go bungee jum (ae 4 Madrid, SP stadium = aera n