P -

BLOCK

Group 13 -

general electronic
config @ Ae Ga In
Te)
[Inatgas]ns2np1

Atomic Radius
NAR
•
• B<Ga< Al < In £Te
ne
In Te
•
K X
•
Reason :
-

Ga
•

B d- contraction
>
or
Atomic no
transition contraction
or

scandide Contraction

Ionisation
Energy
B Te Ga > Al > In

@ oil did
*
☒ 3¥ Indonesians

Density
B<ne<Ga< In < Tl

Melting pt
Gaatroom
B > Al > Te > In > Ga 6,11g ,

IT
temp are liquid
B> Aesaa< In < Te
 Chemical
Properties
B → +3 +3
stability t
Al → +3
+1
Stability T
V

+3
Ga →
→ -11

> +3
In
I -11

te
?

Reactivity towards air ÷

Boron is unreactive in
crystalline form
*
.

Aluminium in
layer
*
air
forms oxide on
surface
.

It's , +302cg )
°
> 2 Ego, 1

°
Its , QEN
Nag
>
+ ) )

E- -

Amorphous B Al
,

Boson 's oxide is acidic in nature and Al Ga ,

is
amphoteric and other

oxides are basic .

PREPARATION OF BORON

1) From Borax ( Nag Bao >

.

101120)

2) From colemanite
[ Cag Boon .
51120]

3) From basic acid

From borax

Naz Bao >

+ 2 cone Hzsoq
>
1421340 >
+ QNAHSOY

HzBq0 >
1-
5h20
>
41131303

ÑazBy0 >
+ 2am
Hzsoyt 5420 s
41431303+2 Nate soy

Formation
of B&B
s

Preparation of
B
Reduction 13203
of
'

"
1431303 Jh >
Bqoz -11120
temp .

boric

anhydride
13203-1 B+
Noymglntk Nago/ Mg0/Abib/Kgo
>
From colemanite

Cag B , Q, +
Nag coz >
Na Boz
+
Nag Bao >
+
Cacoz

Na Boz +
We >
Nag Byo> +
Ngioz

Process
repeated
From boric acid

same as borax
dit HU
, ✗
0 Acid
-

non conc HCl

, , ✗

dil tyson ✗
,

Cercle
?} tfz Boz +
N°2
0 Acids
-

Concha ?
"µzBOz +
SOL
B -

> B+ @it • ✗

hot orcold

>
2B +31120 3
1320, +
Hz
Red hot ( steamy

borates
B
sodium meta

the + NaOH → Na
Bog 1-

Al + NaOH S Na Al 0<+112
Sodium meta aluminate
 be
B + Metal >
GB

Mg s
Mg , Be

B Non metal 0L
+
>
Booz

S
, Baas}

Nor >
CBN)x
(Inorganic graphite)
(Bora} one
)
hexagonal like structure
3D

|
planar (just like
benzene)
3W
•
C

CBÑn
Diamond
Inorganic
3D network , non-planar
( used in
cutting of diamond
c.
Be
.

Used in
making
bulletproof jackets
With halides

B -1×20--13×3

°
Bag -1C -1×2 >
Bxz ( B. E)
(except BE)

BFst-casog-ina.gov
°

NaqBg0 >
+
lonctlzso , + Catz >

B
hydrolysis
BN -1 H -
OH >
1131303

Bass -1 H OH- >

HzB0}

Bgc + H OH
HzBq
-
'

13×3-1 H OH -
>
↳ Bog

Boric acid

HzB0g @ asicity =D weak monobasic lewis acid

( not a
proton donor)
"
i F
"

B city ,
his ?njQh
h / -1
-
o Iom That
→
On
,
☒ is considered
HzB03 -1420
[13*4]--1 basicity
- as
, µ+
 Remember
+
that Boz is donor because
Hz not a
proton Hzo gave
its H
the
and

titration alkaline solution but

also is used
for strong presence
with in
Hg Boz
acid titration with
of pohghyduoxo
it acts acid and
organic due to
alkaline solution
,
strong
as

gives direction
strong shifting of equilibrium forward
in .

° =
-

iii. .it#E-:i...;o-
o .
0

Catechol
-
21120
V
-
J
-o
"
g :B O
r
0

8
.

Ethylene glycol
(112-011)
does not above
form complex because

the; on

its anti
form is stable
-

Diborane ( Bath )

Industrial method

Bfz + Li Al Hq >
Byte, +
Aerz + Li F

Lab Method
Na BH
,
+
Iq > Body + NAI
 "

.IR?BqHc.-iHxsBgHsX-HzBgHg-XgsBgHgX-HxBqH
'

;
-
-

B.
i.
µ .

, +02 >
Bao -1110
,

Bgtf +
H2O
>
Bq0z -1120

Balls -1 NAH >

2NafBHy]
NHz,RNHz,RyNH
unsymmetrical cleavage [ BHzCNtb[BHi
-

QBH >
BgH
, ,
co,THF,
HJCNAH) co
µ
-

1231791304 H

q B - h
, 2
tenpin
! !

(BN)nc
Aric
0
BzNgH ,
a

(Bonasone) lnierganic
benzene
(B.orogeny
 " Alco.EC) ionic

Group 14

Carbide

d l t
Ionic Covalent Interstitial
G- block All,

egfsic ) ( d- block)
( steel)
Carborundum
egfezc
'

i
Si

fits :

c-
lie

In
railway track , iron
containing manganese
is used .

HYDROLYSIS
melhan.de (d) Bgc ,
Algcz

acetylide ( CF ) Cag ,
Bak
allylide ( CF)
Mgafs
Begnc + H - on > Be @H)q+cHq
> Ca
2
"
Cage H on
GHz
-1 -
-1
 Bacqt H -
OH > Ba
My -1GHz

Mga H
My
@"
OH
-1 - >
K -1
↳ Ha

Healing Effect of Alam

°

Kgnsog Atgsoa )z
.
.

24110
>
kqsoy Ags§
.

241120
-

¥÷
i
Kgsog -1 AGO, -15029
-
white amorphous

powder
silicone :-

Organo silicon
having Si -
o -
si
linkage is called silicone .

When substituted dichlososilane

alkyl allyl
undergoes
silicone
hydrolysis followed by polymerisation then
,
formed compound is named as

eg R
Ii
'
04 R °"
Si >
,
si
R
Ii
"
o , R OH
1) Linear Silicone

i ie ie
no -
si o
. -1
si oiii -1-407 si on
-
- -
i r

1
- -

,
-

,
R R R

i F i
Ho -
Si o Si O Si OH
I 1
R R K

2) Crosslinked silicone

F
R R
I 1
no -
Si -
o -
Si -
o -
si -

OH

I 1 1
0h
04 On

+ +
+

OH
"
i
"
I 9
Ho si si si
o o on
- - -
- - -

1
1 I
R
R R

tt
R R R
I 1 ,

Ho -
Si - o - Si -
o -
si -
om

§
l l
° °

, ,

ski
si o
-
on
si
-

o
-

no - - -

k k
3) Dima R R
'
1 1
'
12 si
oi±o Si R
- -

l l
" "
R R
R
R
1

R' - Si -
o - Sti - R
'

l l "
"
R
R

lpoupis
Preparation of Ptb
Vortex rings

fumes of Bros
white

#
- -

. .

Pg + NaOH >
PHZT +
NaHzP0z

PH Pqos
,
+
02 >

"
Not PH but PH, is
Impure highly inflammable inflammable
is
pure
non -

Ptlzt HI PHI
¥o¥q%¥q
>

"I
PH↳I -1km → PH
,
ice
¥-1
 Q Holme 's ?
. What is
signal (acetylene gas)
Cag + H -

OH
>
Ca @
Hq
-1
GHz

Caz Pq + H -
on >
Ca&HK +
Pty

Mixture
Cag
of water Cag Pg
and is taken in a container with hole and it is
thrown in sea .

Impure PH, contains Patty so catches

fire
and
acetylene produces bright
boat
and luminous
flame which seems as a
signal for
approaching ship or .