Republic of the Philippines

CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY

Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite

College of Engineering and Information Technology

Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering

ABEN 60 – AB STRUCTURES ENGINEERING LAB

End of Sem Project

Greenhouse Design for Silan Agri Farm

Submitted by:

BILBAO, MARIA ISABEL B. 201910554

GOMEZ, JOHN REBB B. 201914873
MANCOL, LYKA MAE A. 201816989
MENDOZA, TRISTAN MATTHEW O. 201911383
ORTILLA, CLODINE A. 201911733
PEÑALBA, DIANA MARIE Z. 201916801
SIERRA, JAN MILLEN C. 201916714
TABLIGAN, JOHN GABRIEL F. 201916599
TAYO JR., RAFAEL I. 201916765
TORRES, JAN DARYL G. 201911544

BSABE 4 – 2 (Old)

Submitted to:

MARIELLA JEZREEL R. OLIVER

Professor, ABEN 60

January 16, 2024

 ABEN 60 – STRUCTURES ENGINEERING

End of Sem Project

Greenhouse Design for Silan Agri Farm

INTRODUCTION
Greenhouses come in various forms, they all feature extensive surfaces covered with
translucent materials that retain heat and light. Different types of materials can be used for
greenhouses, such as polycarbonate, plastic film made of polyethylene, or glass panes. The
greenhouses will vary depending on the materials used and the heating system, which is
beneficial for plant cultivation (Gardening Channel, 2021). Further, greenhouses are practical
modification techniques for farmers and gardeners since they fulfill several essential functions.
Plants may be grown in a controlled environment, which can serve as protection from pests
and in different weather conditions. This is particularly crucial in regions with severe climatic
conditions when the surroundings are unfavorable to plant development (Vernon, 2021).
Temperature, intensity of light and shade, fertilizer application, air humidity, and irrigation are
important variables that may be managed.. Greenhouses can increase food production in
unfavorable circumstances by improving an area of land's growth characteristics, such as a
short growing season or low light levels (Davis, 2023).
In designing a greenhouse structure, there are several factors that need to be
considered. It is important that the structure must adhere to the local construction regulations.
The design of a greenhouse should aim to maximize light transmission while offering sufficient
support. It should also provide the maximal air exchange for cooling and avoid heat loss. In
line with this, the greenhouse structure design should also pave the way for automation.
Particularly, the driveways and sidewalks must be wide enough to fit carts and machinery. It
should also allow irrigation systems like irrigation boom by designing the greenhouse bay
widths accordingly. Moreover, the support for the structure and dispersion of load to the
ground must be provided by a well-designed foundation. It is possible to bolt supports to the
foundation. In addition, the greenhouse may also be sustained by vertical beams set above
concrete footings (Evans, 2014).
This project was solely aimed at designing the greenhouse with the standards,
developing agricultural infrastructures in line with the Philippine Agricultural Engineering
Standard, and showing the importance of adhering to particular infrastructure for improving
agricultural productivity and sustainability.
METHODOLOGY
In this project, the students were tasked to design a greenhouse for the selected farm.
Students followed a particular method, which is planning and execution. In planning, they
visited the selected farm for an interview and site visitation. Upon site visitation, the students
evaluate the materials available on the site that can be used for building a greenhouse, and
using the tape measure, the students can get the dimensions of the farm location. Further, the
students listed down the gathered data and the specifications from the interview. Since the
students have proper knowledge of the Philippine Agricultural and Engineering Standard
regarding the structure, they used the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard 415 of
2001 as their guidelines in designing the selected infrastructure.
Additionally, this project includes figures, tables, cost estimation, and computations to
show and interpret the gathered data easily. The students utilized computer-aided design
(CAD) softwares to design the selected infrastructure for the farm which were Autocad and
SketchUp. Nevertheless, the students ensured that the data collected and information
included in this project were cited properly.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presents the developed plan for constructing a greenhouse structure in
Silan Agri Farm. It mainly includes the design considerations and technical aspects of the
greenhouse. Particularly, it comprises the design and models, 3D layout of the design, and
cost estimate. The automation recommendations and controls are also suggested under this
section.

Farm Information

Figure 1. Silan Agri Farm

 Silan Agri Farm is owned by Edilberto Silan and his family. For many years, Silan has
been cultivating dragon fruit, and other crops. As a matter of fact, the farm was one of the first
dragon fruit growers in the country and has the oldest dragon fruit production. The farm adopts
an integrated strategy by Nutrition Farming Technology that concentrates on increasing
products by combining microbes, minerals, macronutrients, micronutrients, minerals and
humus. Due to the owners' ability to make homemade fertilizers, the farm can additionally
save a significant amount of money. Furthermore, Silan Agrifarm plans to become an
integrated, zero-waste farm. Figure 1 shows the location of the farm. The 12-hectare farm is
located at 38 Tambo Kulit, Indang, Cavite.

Figure 2. Location of the Newly-Designed Greenhouse

This figure shows the allotted area in the Silan Agri Farm where the designed
greenhouse structure will be constructed. During the site visitation the students visited the
farm to conduct an on-site evaluation and interview regarding the design of the greenhouse.
During the interview the students learned that the owners wanted to create another
greenhouse for the nursery since their first greenhouse will be turned into an hydroponics
area. The new greenhouse will be located near the papaya plantation.

Designs and Models

The design of the proposed greenhouse for Silan farm includes the overview of the
floor plan, front elevation plan, side elevation plan, foundation plans, footing details along with
the sprinkler irrigation system. The dimensions of each plan adhere to the standards specified
in the Philippine Agricultural Engineering (PAES) 415:2001. Furthermore, the overall design
integrates considerations from the owner’s preferences expressed during the interview.
 The primary objective of this proposed design, in contrast to other designs to be
proposed to the Silan Farm, is to prioritize simplicity, functionality, practicality, and the ability
to withstand the operational loads that will be imposed on it. In addition to conforming to
standards, students have conducted research on the technical aspects of each component
inside the greenhouse, surpassing as mere focus on the standard requirements. Notably, this
proposed design is exclusively made for nursery production of different seedlings as per Silan
Farm’s request.
While the inclusion of sprinkler design aligns with the owner’s request, the students
have also incorporated other suggestions in the recommendation sections. These
recommendations encompass components and additional equipment, aiming to provide
flexibility for alternative options in terms of equipment, systems, or other alternatives for the
greenhouse.

Figure 3. Floor Plan

The floor plan for the proposed greenhouse design for Silan Farm is shown above. It
is shown that the greenhouse has an overall dimensions of 11 m x 7.4 m, will have an entrance
of 1.2 meters, and will be composed of 8 workbenches inside. The main purpose of the
greenhouse is a nursery which will grow vegetables and papaya before transplanting. There
will be four (4) 4.8m x 1.5m benches which do have access for both sides and four (4) 4.8 m
x 0.9m benches that are 100 mm away from the side walls to allow air circulation space. The
walkways inside will have a width of 0.8 meters, except that near the entrance which is at 1.2
meters.
 Figure 4. Front Elevation Plan

Figure 5. 3D Front Plan

The front elevation for the proposed greenhouse design for Silan Farm is shown above
and is composed of several parts. First is the gable height which is at 2.5 meters and the eave
height which is at 2 meters. This also shows the length of the greenhouse at a total of 11
meters and its entrance located in the middle with the width of 1.2 meters. The main material
for the structure is metal pipes to ensure that it will be more stable and can withstand strong
winds.
 Figure 6. Side Elevation Plan

Figure 7. 3D Side Plan

The side elevation plan of the proposed greenhouse design for Silan Farm is shown
in the figure above. This shows the overall width for the greenhouse which is at 7.4 meters
which is divided into 2.5m, 2.4m, and 2.5m through the use of metal pipes. This also shows
the gable and eave height, while also giving the glimpse for the footing which is at a depth of
0.4 meters.
 Figure 8. Foundation Plan

Figure 5 shows the foundation plan for the proposed greenhouse design for Silan Farm
and is divided in two types. The foundation will distribute the load from the steel frame to the
soil to ensure that it can endure the overall weight of the greenhouse. Also, it helps to resist
the force from the wind, rain and even natural disasters. First is the one to be used in the
footing which is composed of a 50 mm gravel bed with steel matting of 16mm diameter round
steel bars. Lastly, the one to be used in the floor which is made up of 50 to 100 mm thick
gravel bed which limits the growth of weeds and drainage of excess water.

Figure 9. Footing Details

 The figure above shows the footing details for the proposed greenhouse design for
Silan Farm. It will be made up of reinforcing steel bar (RSB) of around 6 to 16 mm diameter.
It will be buried 0.4 meters on the ground. The gravel bed provides a stable base for the footing
and RSB helps in reinforcing the footing as well as making the metal pipe stable.

Figure 10. Sprinkler Irrigation System

There will be two types of sprinklers that will be used for the proposed greenhouse
design for Silan Farm, as shown above. First one will be used on the 4.8m x 1.5m benches
which will use 7 sprinkler heads with 1.5m wetted diameter, and the other one will use 11
sprinkler heads with 0.9m wetted diameter which will be used on the 4.8m x 0.9m benches.

3D Layout of the Design

This section presents the 3D layout of the design of the greenhouse made using
SketchUp, and was rendered. Using 3D designs, one may experiment with multiple layouts
and see the project from various perspectives.
 Figure 11. Other Views of the Design

This figure shows the developed 3D layout of the greenhouse structure design for Silan
Agri Farm. It presents some random views of the structure to see exactly what it looks like
when it is constructed. All these images vividly present the visual appeal, innovations, and
creative elements for the design of the greenhouse structure.

Cost Estimation
The table below shows the cost estimation for the construction of a greenhouse in
Silan Agri Farm. This includes the items, quantities, unit, unit cost of the construction, and total
cost. It facilitates accurate resource allocation, provides an adequate foundation for financial
control, and enhances the profitability and effectiveness of the project.

The table below shows the cost estimate of the materials needed in constructing the
proposed greenhouse structure and irrigation system. The total cost for the greenhouse and
irrigation system resulted in Php 69,075.88 and Php 11,189.83, respectively with 5%
overhead, contingency and miscellaneous amount of Php 4,013.29. Thus, the resulting total
cost of the project amounts to Php 84,279.00.
 COST ESTIMATE

Unit Cost Total Cost

Items Quantity Unit
(Php) (Php)

I. Greenhouse Structure
A. Foundation and Footings

40 kg of Cement 9 bags 245.00 2,205.00

Sand 1 𝑚3 1,150.00 1,150.00

Gravel 4.25 𝑚3 860.00 3,655.00

16mm Ø Round Steel

9 pcs 470.00 4,230.00
Bar (5m)

Concrete Hollow Blocks

184 pcs 14.00 2,576.00
(10x20x40cm)

B. Steel Frame

6 cm Ø Metal Pipes (6m) 3 pcs 1,796.00 5,388.00

1 ½” Ø Metal Pipes (6m) 13 pcs 1,433.00 18,759.00

¾” Ø Metal Pipes (6m) 2 pcs 446.00 1,388.00

16mm Ø Round Steel Bar

4 pcs 460 1,840.00
(6 m)

6010 Welding Rod 1 box 2,750 2,750.00

C. Roofing
200 µm Polyethylene UV
176 𝑚2 36.63 6,446.88
Plastic Sheet

*10 meters of Channel

2 pcs 1,375.00 -
Lock And Wiggle Wire

100 pcs of Blind Rivets 1 set 50.00 50.00

D. Walls
*Black Nylon Shade Nets 1 roll 5,495.00 -
 E. Benches
Welded Wire Mesh
8 pcs 440.00 3,520.00
(4𝑓𝑡 × 8𝑓𝑡)

6 m Square Hollow Bars

6 pcs 640.00 3,840.00
(2mm - thick)

6 m Angle Bar (3 mm - thick) 17 pcs 410.00 6,970.00

6 m Aluminum Flat Bars (3

12 pcs 359.00 4,308.00
mm - thick)

Cost of Item I 69,075.88

II. Irrigation System

50m ½” HDPE Pipe 1 roll 1,250.00 1,250.00

¾” PVC Pipe 8 m 117.00 936.00

1” HDPE Hose Black (50 m) 1 roll 1350.00 1,350.00

1” PVC Pipe Blue 2 m 55 110.00
¾” Tee Reducer (¾”x ½”) 1 pc 60.00 60.00

½” Tee Fittings 72 pcs 15.58 1,121.76

¾” Cross Pipe Fitting 3 pcs 37.00 111.00

Blue coupling reducer (¾” x

6 pcs 6.00 36.00
½”)
Blue coupling reducer (1” x
1 pcs 11.00 11.00
¾ ”)

¾” End Caps 8 pcs 38.00 304.00

¾” Control Valve 1 pcs 24.00 24.00
½” Control Valve 8 pcs 15.00 120.00

¾” Check valve 1 pcs 333.33 333.33

Pressure Regulator 1 pcs 657.00 657.00

Filter 1 pcs 945.74 945.74

Violet Close Range Spreader
44 pcs 22.75 1,001.00
(0.9 wetted diameter)

Violet Mist Sprayer (1.5

28 pcs 25.00 700.00
wetted diameter)
 1HP Electric Jet Pump
Water Pump Self Priming 1 unit 2,119.00 2,119.00
(750 Watts)

Cost of Item II 11,189.83

Overhead, Contingency and Miscellaneous (5%) 4,013.29

Total Project Cost 84,279.00

Table 1. Cost Estimate of Proposed Project

Note: Materials with * means it is available on the farm.

Automation and Control Recommendations

A. Ebb and Flood System
For nursery greenhouses, the "Ebb and Flood" system is a cutting-edge method of
watering. It cycles between soaking the plant roots in a nutrient solution and then returning
the water to the reservoir in order to guarantee precise and efficient watering. Moreover, this
system is known for its simplicity, versatility, reliability of operation, immediate skill for
maintenance, and low initial investment cost compared to other systems. To facilitate effective
flooding or flowing and drainage, Netafim's Ebb and Flood systems are designed for optimal
effectiveness and include concrete floors, specifically constructed covers, or tray tables.
Similar to a bench where plants are arranged with an irrigation and drainage system
linked, the ebb and flood system utilizes pumps to force water from the tank onto the table.
Once the water reaches a certain level, water production ceases and after a while, the
accumulated water is drained to the drainage outlet, returning to the water tank for recycling.
The basic components of the Ebb and Flood/Flow system include the plant tray, reservoir
(small water tank that is available at Silan Farm), submersible pump, and timer. The design of
the benches is flexible to accommodate different irrigation systems.

Figure 12. Netafim Ebb and Flood System

 B. Shade Nets
Using shade nets is one technique for controlling temperature. Shade nets are made
of knit fabric with a shade-producing purpose; they are commonly used in gardening and
agriculture to limit the amount of sunshine the crops get. It is available in different amounts of
shade and provides airflow while providing protection from intense sunshine, heat, and
ultraviolet radiation. They also retain heat, giving the plants the warmth they require for healthy
development throughout the colder months. This multipurpose method improves the whole
growing process efficiency by integrating tactics for temperature control and nutrient
compatibility.
A pulley may be used to operate the shade netting system. The pulley is a mechanical
component that makes a shade net system run more smoothly. Usually, it is made out of a
wheel fixed on an axle that makes it simple to fold the shade net inside or outward. By lowering
friction, the pulley system improves the efficiency of adjusting the shade net's position to
regulate sunlight and provide shade. The greenhouse design highlights its flexibility,
emphasizing its capacity to accommodate such components. This flexibility allows for the
seamless integration of the shade netting system into the greenhouse, providing an efficient
solution for temperature control and light modulation.

Figure 13. Pulley-Controlled Shade Nets

C. Smart Microclimate Control System

Although greenhouse farming is a promising measure against change of climatic
conditions, it frequently encounters environmental adversities (Chen et al., 2022). Short-term
microclimate prediction is challenging due to the strong interconnections and rapid changes
in meteorological variables. Conversely, the microclimate of a plant significantly influences its
overall growth, development, and efficiency. Integrating a smart microclimate control system
as a technology to regulate and optimize the local climate conditions within the greenhouse
proves to be efficient.
This system focuses on precisely managing factors such as temperature, humidity, ph,
airflow, and other variables to create an ideal environment for plant growth. Many greenhouse
incorporates smart microclimate control systems, significantly aiding in efficiently growing their
plants.

Figure 14. Smart Microclimate Control System

D. Automated Irrigation Systems

The operation of systems with little to no manual intervention of labor is recommended
to reduce manual labor and enhance efficiency inside the greenhouse. This approach allows
labor to focus on other farm operations.
The proposed systems, such as sprinkler irrigation systems and the recommended
Ebb and Flood/Flow system, can be automated with the assistance of sensors and timers.
The irrigation schedule can be automated based on the growth stages of plants, or sensors
can automatically detect soil moisture levels, triggering the system to irrigate when necessary.
This not only reduces water usage but also allows for the efficient incorporation of fertilizers
into the system. Properly implemented sensors and automation contribute to overall irrigation
efficiency.

Figure 15. Automated Irrigation Systems (Sprinkler Irrigation System and Ebb Flood/Flow
System)

E. Rainwater Harvesting System

According to the University of Massachusetts Amherst (n.d.) most of the greenhouses
are connected to gutters; these channels are drained by means of a downspout and piping
system. These downspouts are usually connected to a 4 inch or 6 inch pipe and the
downspouts connect to larger pipes as more gutters are introduced into the system. In large
greenhouses, the end pipes can reach 18 inches or more. Meanwhile, a minimum slope of
1/16 inch per foot with cleanouts every 100 feet is the recommended pipe installation for the
proposed harvesting system.
The path to be used is the roof and gutters, for the necessity of a system of filtration and
storage for use of water during extreme heat and lack of irrigation . The amount of water that
can be collected is 1in. rainfall on an acre of greenhouse amounts to 27,100 gallons. The
average raw yield is about 65 percent with losses due to evaporation, wind, pipe system leaks
and diversion of the first few minutes of rainfall to remove debris ( University of Massachusetts
Amherst, n.d.).

Figure 16. Rainwater Harvesting System

CONCLUSION
In this project, the developed plan for the construction of a new greenhouse structure
at Silan Agri Farm was shown and specified. This mainly focuses on the design and technical
considerations of the greenhouse structure. Using the gathered measurements of the existing
greenhouse at the farm, both 2D and 3D layout of the design were created. Also, the best
system of irrigation which will be suitable for the new greenhouse structure was identified
which is the sprinkler irrigation system. Further, to determine if the developed plan is
economically feasible, a project cost estimate was also presented which amounts to Php
84,279.00. Lastly, there are recommending automation and control measures for the better
operation of this newly-designed greenhouse structure which are ebb and flood system, shade
nets, smart microclimatic control system, and automated irrigation system.
The idea of the Silan Agri Farm to incorporate additional greenhouse structure in their
area is beneficial for them due to several reasons. They can increase the length of the growth
season for their crops by regulating the indoor environment and shielding crops from
unfavorable weather conditions like extreme heat, cold, wind, or rainfall. Also, they can lessen
the need for chemical pesticides by preventing pests and diseases and improving the quality
of their crops including its flavor, color, and nutritional content. Most importantly, they can
ensure better crop yields by creating an environment where plants can flourish and produce
more.

REFERENCES
Chen, T., Lee, M., Hsia, I., Hsu, C., Yao, M., & Chang, F. (2022). Develop a Smart
Microclimate Control System for Greenhouses through System Dynamics and
Machine Learning Techniques. Water, 14(23), 3941. Retrieved from
https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233941
Davis, R. (2023). Greenhouse Gardening: Unlocking Its Importance and Benefits. Grow Food
Guide. Retrieved from https://growfoodguide.com/greenhouse/
greenhouse-and-its-importance/
Evans, M.R (2014). Greenhouse Management: Basic Design and Construction. Retrieved
from https://greenhouse.hosted.uark.edu/Unit01/Section05.html
Gardening Channel. (2021). 13 Top Greenhouse Gardening Benefits and Uses. Gardening
Channel. Retrieved from https://www.gardeningchannel.com/top-green
house-gardening-benefits/
Vernon, J. (2021). Why Do Plants Grow Better in a Greenhouse. Hartley Botanic. Retrieevd
from https://hartley-botanic.com/magazine/plants-grow-better-
greenhouse/
UMass Amherst (n.d.) .UMass Extension Greenhouse Crops and Floriculture Program
.Retrieved from https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/fact-sheets/rainwater-
harvesting
 APPENDICES

I. Computations
A. Sprinkler Design
Total Dynamic
Basic Irrigation Information Sprinkler Irrigation System
Head and Power
For 1.5 m Wetted
Type Fixed
Diameter
Operating Pressure
200 Hf
(kPa) 0.11
Hd 20.39
Wetted Diameter (m) 1.5 Ha 20.42
Mist
Static Spreader Ho/Hn
Sprayer 20.61
Sprinkler Discharge For 0.9 m Wetted
35
(lph) Diameter
Sprinkler per Lateral 7 Hf 0.23
# of Laterals 4 Hd 20.39
Lateral Capacity (lph) 245 Ha 20.45
Manifold Capacity (lph) 980 Ho/Hn 20.91

Wetted Diameter (m) 0.9 Hm 6.35

Close
Static Spreader Hmf
Range 3.81
Sprinkler Discharge
35 Hj
(lph) 1.25
Sprinkler per Lateral 11 Hs* 6
# of Laterals 4 TDH 52.58
Lateral Capacity (lph) 385
Power
Manifold Capacity (lph) 1540
(kW) 0.46
Power (W) 460.11
Power
System Capacity (lph) 2520
(HP) 0.62
System Capacity (L/s) 0.7

B. Material Estimation
● Foundation and Footings
Number of concrete hollow blocks (CHB) - 2 layers:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑡 & 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 11 𝑚 × 0.4 𝑚 × 2 = 8.8 𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 7.4 𝑚 × 0.4 𝑚 × 2 = 5.92 𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 14.72 𝑚2
 Using 12.5 CHB per square meter:
12.5 𝐶𝐻𝐵
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵 = (14.72 𝑚2 ) ( 𝑚2
) = 184 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵 (10 × 20 × 40 𝑐𝑚)

Mortar for block laying and filling (Class B mixture):

0.525 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (14.72 𝑚2 ) ( 𝑚2
) = 7.728 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
0.04375 𝑚3
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (14.72 𝑚2 ) ( 𝑚2
) = 0.644 𝑚3

Length of steel reinforcement for CHB work:

𝑚
Spacing = 80 cm (1.6 )
𝑚2
𝑚
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (14.72 𝑚2 ) (1.6 𝑚2 ) = 23.552 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑆𝐵

Steel matting for footing details:

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑆𝐵 = 12 𝑝𝑐𝑠 × 0.4 𝑚 × 4 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 19.2 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑆𝐵
𝑅𝑆𝐵𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 23.552 𝑚 + 19.2 𝑚 = 42.752 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑆𝐵
Use 9 pieces of 5 m length of 16mm Ø Round Steel Bar
Gravel Bed for footing and flooring:
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎 × 𝟎. 𝟒 𝒎 × 𝟒 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟑 (footing)
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎 × 𝟏𝟏 𝒎 × 𝟕. 𝟒 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝟑 (flooring)
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟐 𝒎𝟑 + 𝟒. 𝟎𝟕 𝒎𝟑 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝒎𝟑
Footing (Class A mixture):
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.4 𝑚 × 0.4 𝑚 × 0.2 𝑚 × 4 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 0.128 𝑚3
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = (0.128 𝑚3 ) (9 𝑚3
) = 1.152 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 = (0.128 𝑚3 ) (0.5) = 0.064 𝑚3

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = (0.128 𝑚3 ) (1) = 0.128 𝑚3
Summary:
𝐶𝐻𝐵 = 184 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵 (10 × 20 × 40 𝑐𝑚)
𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑟+𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 7.728 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 + 1.152 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 = 8.88 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
= 9 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝑜𝑓 40 𝑘𝑔 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑟+𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔) = 0.644 𝑚3 + 0.064 𝑚3 = 0.708 𝑚3 = 1 𝑚3 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 4.102 𝑚3 + 0.128 𝑚3 = 4.23 𝑚3 = 4.25 𝑚3 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
RSB = Use 9 pieces of 5 m length of 16mm Ø Round Steel Bar

● Steel Frame
For 6 cm Ø pipe:
Required length = 46.4 meters
Available in the farm = 30 meters
Total length needed = 16.4 meters
For 5 cm Ø pipe:
Required length = 120 meters
Available in the farm = 30 meters
Total length needed = 90 meters
For 3.5 cm Ø pipe and 1” Ø pipe:
Required: 4 pieces of 2.5 m length 3.5cm Ø
Required: 16 pieces of 4.5 m length 1” Ø
Available pipes with diameter of 1”, 3 cm, 3.5 cm and utilization of truss
For RSB 16mm Ø:
Needed: 4 pieces of 6 m length of 16mm Ø

● Benches
Welded wire mesh for benches
Required: 16 pieces of 4𝑓𝑡 × 8𝑓𝑡 welded wire mesh
Available on the farm: 8 pieces of 4𝑓𝑡 × 8𝑓𝑡 welded wire mesh
Total wire mesh needed = 8 pieces of 𝟒𝒇𝒕 × 𝟖𝒇𝒕 welded wire mesh
Angle Bars (6 m) (For sides)
Required Length: 97.6 m = 98 m
98 𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 6 𝑚/𝑝𝑐 = 16.33 𝑝𝑐𝑠 = 17 𝑝𝑐𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

Square Hollow Bars (6 m) (For structural support)

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝑯𝑩 = 𝟑𝟐 × 𝟏 𝒎 = 𝟑𝟐 𝒎
𝟑𝟐 𝒎
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝑯𝑩 = = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟑 𝒑𝒄𝒔 = 𝟔 𝒑𝒄𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝟔𝒎/𝒑𝒄

Aluminum Flat Bars (for supporting the welded wire mesh)

Total length = 68 m
68 𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐹𝐵 = 6𝑚/𝑝𝑐 = 11.33 𝑝𝑐𝑠 = 12𝑝𝑐𝑠
II. Photo Documentation
A. Available Construction Materials at Silan Agri Farm

B. Observation in Silan Agri Farm

C. Photo Opportunity at Silan Agri Farm
 11.00
5.00 0.80 5.00

WORK BENCH WORK BENCH 0.90

0.80

WORK BENCH WORK BENCH 1.50

0.80 7.40

WORK BENCH WORK BENCH 1.50

4.80

0.80

WORK BENCH WORK BENCH 0.90

1.20

S FLOOR PLAN
SCALE 1:1
NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE INMETERS (m), UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED
2. READ THIS DRAWING IN CONJUCNTION WITHARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
 GABLE HEIGHT
2.50 1.20

EAVE HEIGHT
2.00 2.50 2.40 1.20 2.40 2.50

GROUND

0.40

S FRONT ELEVATION
SCALE 1:1
NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE INMETERS (m), UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
2. READ THIS DRAWING IN CONJUCNTION WITHARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
 2.50

2.00 2.50 2.40 2.50

GROUND

0.40

SIDE ELEVATION PLAN

S SCALE 1:1

NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE INMETERS (m), UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
2. READ THIS DRAWING IN CONJUCNTION WITHARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
 A B

11.00

50mm GRAVEL BED WITH

STEEL MATTING OF
6mm Ø RSB @ 6 cm.oc. EACH WAY
40X40X20 cm (LxWxH)

7.40

FLOOR: 50 - 100 mm
GRAVEL BED

S FOUNDATION PLAN
SCALE 1:1
NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE INMETERS (m), UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
2. BROKEN LINES REPRESENT THE CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB) WITH
DIMENSIONS OF 10x20x40 cm (WxHxL)
3. READ THIS DRAWING IN CONJUCNTION WITHARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
 GROUND

0.40

0.20

TYP. 50mm THICK

GRAVEL BED

6 - 16 mm Ø RSB

0.40
6 - 16 mm Ø RSB

0.40

FOOTING DETAILS
S SCALE 1:1
 11.00

0.90 11 - 0.9m Ø WETTED DIAMETER

1.50

7.40 1.50 7 - 1.5m Ø WETTED DIAMETER

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
S SCALE 1:1
NOTES:
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE INMETERS (m), UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.
2. READ THIS DRAWING IN CONJUCNTION WITHARCHITECTURAL DRAWING