HOPE 3

Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

urbanized areas. May do it for personal

pursuit such as photography, collecting
Introduction to Recreation
sea shells, and reaching the top of Mt.
What is LEISURE? Apo, conquering the rapids of Cagayan
● Time when one is free to relax and River, or attaining a certain fitness level.
do as one wishes Whatever reason there may be, people
● Freedom from time consuming engage in outdoor recreational activity for
duties, responsibilities or activities their own sake and pleasure, voluntarily,
● The time when you are not working and of their own choice
or doing other activities
● Time spent in or free for relaxation
or enjoyment WHAT IS OUTDOOR RECREATION?
IT IS ORGANIZED ACTIVITIES DONE
What is RECREATION? DURING ONE’S FREE TIME
● The term recreation derived from
the Latin word recreare means to Existence time is time spent for biological
be refreshed. needs like having meals, sleeping, and
● Recreation can also mean to other personal care.
relax the mind and the body Subsistence time refers to the hours for
and it can relieve day-to-day economic purposes such as going to work,
tension. chores, and for students, hours spent in
● Serves as an enjoyment, school and school works.
amusement or pleasure and are Free time is the best time to do
considered to be fun. recreational activities, to relax and to
● Gives opportunity to be creative, to rejuvenate.
express basic needs and to be your
real self.
Outdoor Recreational Activity
Recreation is derived from the Latin word It provides wholesome experiences for the
recreare which means to be refreshed. person to develop his/her fitness and
Choices for recreation vary from person to make good judgment as well. Active
person. What makes one happy may not participation in an outdoor activity may
be so for others. Therefore, recreational facilitate leadership skills, good social
activities depend on one’s interest, communication, and survival expertise.
pursuits, and needs which may be
reflective of one’s belief and level of Characteristics of Recreation
gratification. ● Involves activity
● No single form
People engage in outdoor recreational ● Determined by motivation
activities for varied reasons. Some do it for ● Occurs in an unobligated time
personal satisfaction and enjoyment. ● Voluntary participated
Perhaps, it is a time from the day-to-day ● Universally sought and practical
routine. ● By-products
● Gives direct satisfaction
Others do it to be in touch with nature,
which they rarely have the chance to do,
especially for those who reside in highly

RAMIREZ, M | 1
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

Scope of Recreation
● Indoor activities ❖ Big bands and swing music were
a. Games and Sports: chess, parlor popular
gamer ❖ Attending the movie theaters (with
b. Dance Activities: stop dance, trip sound)
to Jerusalem
c. Music Activities: singing, Modern Era (1950 - Present)
instrumental playing ❖ Fundamental changes in 1950s
d. Drama Activities: story telling, ● + Middle-class citizens had extra
comedy skits money for fun and leisure
e. Arts and Crafts: origami, pop-up ● + Finish work each evening with
cards leisure activities
f. Hobby and Collecting Activities: ● + Faster transportation = travel
cooking, dancing, stamp ● + Early retirement and enjoyment
collections, antique collection ● + Municipal multipurpose
recreational facilities
● Outdoor Activities ● - Technological advancements took
a. Games and Sports: dual and team over PA
sports
b. Dance Activities: street dancing, ❖ Present
aerobics ● Although technology can provide
c. Music Activities: singing contest hours of recreation, it does not
during fiesta necessarily promote a healthy and
d. Nature and Outdoor Activities: active lifestyle
camping, hiking, field trips, picnic,
excursions Classification of Recreational
e. Arts and Crafts: painting, drawing Activities
f. Hobby and Collecting Activities: ❖ Spectator and Participant Types
bowling, tennis; billiard, fishing ● Spectator Type: In this type of
recreational activity, people enjoy
Renaissance Period (1350 - 1600) watching the event and deriving
Reformation Period (1500 - 1600s) enjoyment from it.
Industrial Revolution (1700 - 1900) - Ex: Watching a
Roaring 20s game/concert
● Participant Type: People gain
Depression Years (1929 - 1945) enjoyment by joining the activity.
❖ Recreation became less formal - Ex: Parlor Games
❖ People came together
● Played their musical ❖ Physical and Mental Types
instruments ● Physical Type: People exert
● Had picnics at the local efforts and bodily functions in
beaches performing the activity
● Went swimming - Ex: Sports
● Conducted square dances ● Mental Type: Utilizes the mind in
● Made ice cream were the doing the activities, requiring
norm minimal physical movements.

RAMIREZ, M | 2
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

- Ex: Puzzles, Sudoku, Chess limit of the participant which could

be his/her limitations or
❖ Public and Private Types competing against the
● Public Type: Activities that environment. This includes
involves the general public popular games and sports,
- Ex: Marathon performing arts competition, or
● Private Type: Confined to a other outdoor activities.
certain group of people 4. Exploratory Motive - It is a
- Ex: Team Building motive of recreation that involves a
Exercises, Retreat level of exploration like hiking,
Activities, Family Outings diving, and other activities that
expose oneself to a new
❖ Active and Passive Types environment.
● Active Type: People have to
function effectively in performing Benefits of Recreational Activities
the action Psycho-Emotional Benefit
- Ex: Dancing, Band ● Prevention or reduction of stress
● Passive Type: People have ● Improved self-esteem
minimal movement/actions in ● Confidence and creativity
performing the activity ● Spiritual growth
- Ex: Reading, Listening to ● Increased sense of exhilaration
music ● Adventure and challenge from life

❖ Indoor and Outdoor Types Social Benefit

● Indoors Type: Activities that can The great outdoors affords social benefits
be done inside the comfort of the like bonding with like-minded people who
house enjoy outdoor activities.
- Examples: Arts and Crafts,
Reading Physical Health Benefit
● Outdoors Type: Requires an ● Getting outside provides physical
outdoor environment benefits, such as aerobic,
- Example: Camping, Hiking cardiovascular and muscular
fitness, as well as improved
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT functioning of the immune system.
MOTIVES OF RECREATION?
1. Socializing Motive - It is a Economic Benefit
motive of recreation that includes Outdoor recreation pays off with economic
company like friendly visits, going benefits too: People who regularly
out, and gathering with other participate in outdoor recreation tend to
people. be more productive at work.
2. Associative Motive - It is a
motive of recreation for collective Health Benefits of Outdoor
interest like reading, item Recreation
collection, and others. 1. Improves your mental wellbeing.
3. Competitive Motive - It is a Stress-reduction effects
motive of recreation that tests the Cortisol – The hormone that indicates the

RAMIREZ, M | 3
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

level of stress in humans – reduces

greatly when you spend time in the forest Economic Benefits
and having fun. ● Lowers medical costs
● Lowers job absenteeism
2. Best way to get Vitamin D ● Increases job stability and
Getting 5-15 minutes of sun at least once productivity
every two days gives your body all the ● Spurs economic growth
Vitamin D it needs. ● Builds a sense of community
3. Boosts self-esteem ● Decreases crime and vandalism
● Boosts tourism
4. Promotes memory
Environmental Benefits
● Protects and preserves
Personal Benefits environmentally sensitive areas
● Promotes physical fitness and ● Results in cleaner, well-maintained
active living facilities
● Develops fine and gross motor ● Preserves cultural and historical
skills sites
● Improves self-confidence ● Increases awareness in
● Gives a more positive outlook on environmental issues
life ● Improves community image
● Decreases stress
● Creates a more positive self-image Q: Does one need to be athletic to be able
● Provides the opportunity to learn to participate in outdoor activities?
new skills A: Outdoor recreation involves a lot of
● Improves problem solving, physical activity, but it does not require to
tolerance of others, and leadership have athletic level of skills to be able to
● Promotes spiritual growth participate.
● Gives opportunity to take It is an interaction between man and
calculated risk nature. The interaction should come with
● Allows to set short-term and long care and respect. It is important that in
term- goals using and enjoying what nature offers, an
equal responsibility in conserving and
Social Benefits preserving it must be consciously
● Provides opportunities to develop employed by the people.
friendships
● Improves social skills Outdoor Recreational Activities
● Reduces feelings of alienation Fishing
● Introduces new learning ● Fishing is the activity of trying to
environments catch a fish. Fishing sometimes
● Promotes sharing, nurturing, and takes place in the wild. Techniques
understanding of others for catching fish include hand
● Builds strong family ties gathering, spearing, netting,
● Promotes ethnic and cultural angling, and trapping.
harmony
● Improves group development Rafting

RAMIREZ, M | 4
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

● Rafting and white water powerboats, sailboats, or

rafting are recreational outdoor man-powered vessels (such as
activities which use an inflatable rowing and paddle boats); focused
raft to navigate a river or other on the travel itself, as well as sports
bodies of water. This is often done activities, such as fishing or
on whitewater or different degrees waterskiing.
of rough water, and generally Surfing
represents a new and challenging ● Surfing is a surface water sport in
environment for the participants. which the wave rider, referred to as
a surfer, rides on the forward or
Kayaking deep face of a moving wave, which
● Kayaking is the use of a kayak for is usually carrying the surfer
moving across water. It is towards the shore. Waves suitable
distinguished from canoeing by the for surfing are found in the ocean,
sitting position of the paddler and but can primarily be found in
the number of blades on the rivers in the form of standing
paddle. A kayak is a waves or tidal bore. However,
low-to-the-water, canoe-like boat surfers can also utilize artificial
in which the paddler sits facing waves such as those from boat
forward, legs in front, using a wakes and the waves created in
double-bladed paddle to pull artificial wave pools.
front-to-back on one side and then
the other in rotation. Most kayaks Sail boarding
have closed decks, although ● Wind surfing is a surface water
sit-on-top and inflatable kayaks are sport that combines elements of
growing in popularity as well. surfing and sailing.

Waterskiing
Scuba diving ● Water Skiing is a surface water
● Scuba is a mode of underwater sport in which an individual is
diving in which a scuba diver uses pulled behind a boat or cable ski
a self-contained underwater installation over a body of water,
breathing apparatus scuba to skimming the surface on two skis
breathe underwater. or one (slalom) ski.
● Unlike other modes of diving, ● The sport requires such sufficient
which rely either on breath-hold on area on a smooth stretch of water,
breathing gas pumped from the one or two skis, a tow boat with
surface, scuba dives carry their tow rope, three people, and a
own source of breathing gas, personal flotation device. In
usually compressed air, allowing addition, the skier must have
them to breathe. adequate upper and lower body
strength, muscular endurance, and
Boating good balance. Skiing is a fun
● Boating is the leisurely activity of pastime that allows people of all
traveling by boat or the skill levels and ages to enjoy. There
recreational use of a boat whether

RAMIREZ, M | 5
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

is no minimum age necessary to ● It is the weight of the water

water ski. pressed down on the object.
● Hydrostatic pressure is exerted on
Snorkeling the body from all sides and this
● Snorkeling is the practice of pressure, combined with buoyancy,
swimming on or through a body of helps keep standing in water.
water while equipped with a diving
mask, a shaped tube called a ENHANCE COOLING
snorkel, and usually fins. In ● Transfer heat away from the body
cooler waters, a wetsuit may also much more quickly than air given
be worn. Use of this equipment at the same temperature.
allows the snorkeler to observe ● This is the reason we stay longer in
underwater attractions for the water and can tolerate longer
extended periods with relatively workouts without being
little effort and to breathe overheated.
face-down at the surface.
● Snorkeling is a popular
recreational activity, particular at Health Benefits of Water Sports
tropical resort locations. The ● Decrease risk for chronic disease
primary appeal is the opportunity ● Decreases risk for diabetes and
to observe underwater life in a chronic heart disease
natural setting without the ● Beneficial for people with arthritis
complicated equipment and ● Improves bone density
training required for scuba diving. ● Enhances mental health
It appeals to all ages because of
how little effort there is, and
Swimming: A Recreational
without the exhaled bubbles of
Activity
scuba-diving equipment. It is the
basis of the two surface disciplines HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
of the underwater sport of fin
swimming. Ancient Times
● Swimming can be dated back to the
BUOYANCY Stone Age, but did not truly
● It is the upward force of the water become an organized sport until
on an object. the early 19th century.
● This is the reason why boats and
people float on the water. ● Prehistoric drawings from the
● It also gives a weightless feeling, southwestern part of Egypt show
which makes it easier to move, lift original documentation of people
knees, or even jog in water. swimming. The images seem to
show the dog paddle or breast
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE stroke, but these may have been
● The pressure exerted by the water more ritualistic than anything.
at equilibrium due to the force of Anciently, swimming was done
gravity. because it was necessary for
survival. Whether people needed to

RAMIREZ, M | 6
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

cross a river to safety on the other

side or simply knew how to tread
water to prevent drowning,
swimming has certainly come a
long way since its ancient days.

THE RENAISSANCE OF SWIMMING

● By the 18th and 19th centuries,
open water swimming had become
more and more popular. In default
of swimming pools, bathing cabins
were installed on the riverside and
seaside, or mobile “ambulant
cabins” were set up. In the second
half of the 18th century, swimming
pools started to be built. The first
facilities were wooden framed
swimming pools on rivers.

Middle Ages
● Swimming was initially one of the
seven agilities of knights during
the Middle Ages, including
swimming with armor. However,
as swimming was done in a state of
undress, it became less popular as
society became more conservative
in the early Modern period.
Leonardo da Vinci made early
sketches of lifebelts.
● In 1539, Nikolaus Wynmann, a
German professor of languages,
wrote the first swimming book
Colymbetes. His purpose was to
reduce the dangers of drowning.
The book contained a good
methodical approach to learning
breaststroke, and mentioned
swimming aids such as air filled
cow bladders, reed bundles, and
cork belts.

RAMIREZ, M | 7
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

● In 1828, the first indoor swimming

pool, St. George’s Baths, was
opened to the public.
● By 1837, the National Swimming
Society was holding regular
swimming competitions in six
artificial swimming pools, built
around London. The sport grew in
popularity.
● By 1880, when the first national
governing body, the Amateur
Swimming Association was formed
and had already over 300 regional
clubs in operation across the
country.

DISCOVERING THE CRAWL OLYMPIC ERA

● Based on a stroke used by native ● The Olympic Games were held in
South Americans, the first version 1896 in Athens, a male-only
of the crawl featured a scissor competition. Six events were
kick. planned for the swimming
● In the late 1880s, an Englishman competition, but only four events
named Frederick Cavill traveled to were actually contested: 100m,
the South Seas, where he saw the 500m, and 1200m freestyle and
natives performing a crawl with a 100m for sailors. The first gold
flutter kick. Cavill settled in medal was won by Alfréd Hajós of
Australia, where he taught the Hungary in the 100m freestyle.
stroke that was to become the
famous Australian crawl.

● In the 1940s, breaststrokers

discovered that they could go faster
THE EVOLUTION OF by bringing both arms forward
COMPETITIVE SWIMMING over their heads. This practice was
● Swimming emerged as a immediately forbidden in
competitive sport in the early breaststroke, but gave birth to
1800s in England. butterfly, whose first official
appearance was at the 1956 Games

RAMIREZ, M | 8
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

in Melbourne. This style is now

one of the four strokers used in
competition.
● Women’s swimming became an
Olympic in 1912 at the Stockholm
Games. Since then, it has been part
of every edition of the Games. The
men’s and women’s programs are
almost identical, as they contain
the same number of events, with
only one difference: the freestyle
distance is 800 meters for women
and 1500 for meters for men.

EQUIPMENTS USED FOR SWIMMING

Swim Caps
The swim cap is a piece of equipment that Goggles
provides multiple benefits. For Most pools contain high levels of chlorine
professional swimmers, swim caps reduce or other chemicals to help keep the water
drag to increase speed in the water. Swim free of bacteria and control the growth of
caps also keep hair out of the face, help algae in the water, states the
reduce the effects of chlorine on the hair Environmental Protection Agency.
and help swimmers retain body heat when However, chlorine can irritate the eyes.
they are swimming in colder water. Goggles allow you to see while your head
is immersed in the water, without having
to worry about chlorine irritation.

Earplugs/Nose Clips
Some swimmers use earplugs to block
water from entering the ear canal while Swimwear
they are swimming. Excess water entering Swimwear is clothing designed to be worn
the ear can cause discomfort for several by people engaging in a water-based
hours after swimming and can also activity or water sports. Different types
increase your chances of developing an may be worn by men, women, and
outer ear infection, known as children.
“swimmer’s ear”. Some swimmers also
use nose clips to prevent water from
entering their nose while they are
swimming.

RAMIREZ, M | 9
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

6 BASIC SKILLS
Competition Equipment WATER COMFORT
Competitive swimmers use several The most basic and essential swimming
additional pieces of equipment. For skill is simply becoming comfortable in the
example, coaches and timers at meets use water. To become more comfortable in
stopwatches to help keep track of water, spend time in a shallow pool or
completion times for swimmers. wading in the ocean.
Swimmers use lap counters in
competition to help keep track of how BREATH CONTROL
many more laps they need to complete Breathing is often difficult for novice
their event. Lane dividers consist of swimmers. With water all around, having
buoys that are strung on ropes and placed some enter the nose and mouth is a
across the pool to divide the water into common occurrence. Breath control
several swimming lanes. begins with simple exercises such as
drawing a breath, submerging, blowing
bubbles, and then resurfacing for another
breath.

FLOATING
Floating, or keeping your body in a
horizontal position in the water, is a basic
water skill. If you accidentally fall in the
water, you may be able to float until you
are rescued, even if you are not strong
enough to swim to safety.

KICKING
Kicking provides propulsion through the
water. Once you are comfortable with
floating, kicking is the next logical step.
Kicking is also used in treading water,
which is the process of remaining in one
place while keeping your head above the
water line.
GLIDING

RAMIREZ, M | 10
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

Gliding through the water helps you to get Recorder: Shall record withdrawals (due
used to the sensation of moving through to injuries, fatigue, or voluntarily
the water head first. Try gently pushing off stopping) from the event, inform the
the side wall of the pool with your arms referee and safety office, and enter the
stretched out in front of your head. results and reasons on official forms
including scoring for team awards as
STROKES appropriate
Strokes are the arm movements used to
pull the body through the water. The front
crawl, sidestroke, breaststroke, backstroke BENEFITS AND IMPORTANCE
and butterfly are the five most common Swimming is a great workout because you
strokes. need to move your whole body against the
resistance of the water. Swimming is a
good all-round activity because it:
TREADING
Treading water or water treading is ● keeps your heart rate up but takes
what a swimmer can do while in a vertical some of the impact stress off your
position to keep their head above the body
surface of water. ● builds endurance, muscle strength,
and cardiovascular fitness
OFFICIALS ● helps maintain a healthy weight,
Timekeeper: Work with the timing healthy heart, and lungs
company to assure official and accurate ● tones muscles and builds strength
times are recorded for each athlete and ● provides an all-over body workout,
relay. as nearly all of your muscles are
used during swimming
Safety Officer: Responsible to the
Referee and athletes for all aspects of Swimming has many other benefits
safety related to the conduct of the including:
competition and is responsible for ● Being a relaxing and peaceful form
ensuring that a sufficient number of of exercise
powered safety craft and a sufficient ● Alleviating stress
number of medical personnel are available ● Improving coordination, balance,
and posture
Referee: Have full control and authority ● Improving flexibility
over all officials and shall approve their ● Providing good low-impact therapy
assignment regarding all the special for some injuries and conditions
features or regulations related to the ● Providing a pleasant way to cool
competition. down on a hot day
● Being available in many places -
Medical Officer: Responsible to the you can swim in swimming pools,
referee for all medical aspects related to beaches, lakes, dams, and rivers.
the event and competitors and ensure that Make sure the environment you
any injuries are attended to and all choose to swim in is safe.
casualties can be evacuated to medical
facilities at the earliest opportunity SWIMMING RULES

RAMIREZ, M | 11
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

Rules for Pools Slides competitive strokes at varying distances

Slides should be at the deep end of the depending on the age-group of the
pools so that the entry is into water at least swimmer.
eight feet and away from diving areas. 1. FREESTYLE
Go down feet first in a sitting position. Freestyle is for everyone. In freestyle
(Going head down first is dangerous as events, the competition may swim any
you could injure your head, neck, or back). stroke, thus the term “free” style used.
The stroke is sometimes most commonly
Rules for Water Park Slides, called crawl which is characterized by
Flumes, and Wave Pools alternate stroking of arms over the
Be sure all areas have a lifeguard. water surface and an alternating
Position yourself carefully before you start (up-and-down) flutter kick.
down.
Don’t get pressured into a stunt. 2. BACKSTROKE
In a wave pool, be sure you know how the Backstroke is another good stroke for
deep the water will be when the wave pool everyone. The backstroke consists of an
is turned on. alternating motion of the arms with a
flutter kick while on the back. The
Rules for the Beach swimmer rotates to the stomach and
Know where the nearest lifeguard stand is. performs a flip turn and some part of
Be sure you know the surf conditions the swimmer must touch the wall.
before you enter the water.
Check for warning flags. 3. BREASTSTROKE
Observe danger signs. Breaststroke consists of a pull, breathe
Swim well away from piers, pilings, and ,kick and glide motion. The hands are
diving platforms. pressed out from in front of the
Be on the lookout for dangerous marine breast in a heart shaped pattern and may
life. recover under or on the surface of the
If you swim out from shore, remember you water. On kick. The kick is a
must swim back. simultaneous somewhat circular motion
If you are caught in a current, do not try to similar to the action of a frog.
fight it or swim against it. You can make it
back to shore by swimming gradually away 4. BUTTERFLY
from it. Butterfly for swimmers with a
strong dolphin kick and
The technical rules of swimming are strong shoulders. This is usually the last
designed to provide fair and equitable stroke the swimmer’s grasp. The butterfly
conditions for competition and to features a simultaneous recovery of the
promote uniformity in the sport. Each arms over the water combined with an
swimming stroke has specific rules undulating dolphin kick the swimmer
designed to ensure that no swimmer gets must keep both legs parallel and may
an unfair competitive advantage over not flutter, scissors or use the breaststroke
another swimmer. kick.

The four competitive strokes are Basic Principles of Swimming

freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and ● Streamline
butterfly. Events are held in all of the ● Propulsion

RAMIREZ, M | 12
HOPE 3
Lecture
STEM Strand | Ms. Charlene F. Otazu | 2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter

● Buoyancy ● Floating refers to keeping your

● Floating body close to or just on the surface
of the water without moving.
Streamlining ● Floating and swimming are
● Streamlining means that you keep considered to be life-saving skills
your body in a way that will allow because they can help to save your
you to move through or across the life or that of someone else if the
water smoothly while swimming. need arises.
● The best way to do this is by
keeping your body as straight as
possible with your arms and legs
fully extended.
● If your body is streamlined while
swimming, the water will offer less
resistance and you will be able to
move through it faster.

Propulsion
● Propulsion in swimming refers to
the movement of the arms and legs
which cause the entire body to
move forward while in the water.
● The arms and hands pull as the
legs and feet kick to move the
body.

Buoyancy
● Buoyancy is the ability to keep
your body close to the surface of
the water.
● Most swimming strokes are
performed better if you have good
buoyancy.
● Both streamlining and propulsion
help you to maintain buoyancy
because once your body is straight
and your arms and legs are moving
properly, you will find your entire
body close to the surface of the
water.

Floating
● Floating is closely related to
buoyancy.

RAMIREZ, M | 13