NAME : Isabella Lira Echegoyen

COUNTRY :Federal Republic of Germany

INTRODUCTION TO THE COMMITTEE :

The principal court of the United Nations is the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The
United Nations Charter established it in "June 1945," and it officially got to function in "April
1946." The "Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands)" is where the court has its
headquarters. It is the only one of the UN's six major bodies that is not based in New York.
According to international law, the Court's duties include providing opinions on legal matters
that have been referred to it by the United Nations' specialized agencies and authorized
organizations. The "15" judges that make up the Court are chosen for nine-year periods by
the "United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council."

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC:

Although many migrants choose to leave their country of origin, more and more migrants are
being forced to leave their homes each year for many complex reasons, including poverty, lack of
access to health care, education, water, food, shelter and the consequences of environmental
degradation and of climate change, as well as more 'traditional' causes of forced displacement,
such as persecution and conflict.Although migration is positive and empowering for many, it is
becoming increasingly clear that a lack of human rights-based global and national migration
management leads to systematic rights violations of migrants in transit, at international borders
and in the countries they migrate to .Although migrants are not inherently vulnerable, they can be
vulnerable to human rights abuses.Migrants in an irregular situation tend to be disproportionately
more vulnerable to discrimination, exploitation and marginalazation, often living and working in
the shadows, afraid to report it and deprived of their human rights and fundamental
freedoms.Human rights abuses against migrants can include denial of civil and political rights
such as arbitrary detention, torture or lack of due process, as well as economic, social and cultural
rights such as the right to health, housing or education.Migrant smuggling is a truly global
problem, affecting many countries as countries of origin, transit or destination. Profiteering
criminals smuggle migrants across borders and between continents. Assessing the true scale of
this crime is a complex issue due to its clandestine nature and the difficulty in detecting when
traffickers are facilitating illegal immigration. Smugglers take advantage of the large numbers of
migrants who take risks in search of a better life when they do not have access to legal migration
routes.Illegal migrants are vulnerable to abuse and exploitation.Their safety and even their lives
are often at risk - they can suffocate in shipping containers, die in the desert or drown at sea if
they are smuggled in for profit by criminals who treat them as commodities. Because crime occurs
in secret, it is difficult to obtain accurate global data. “However, it is estimated that the two main
smuggling routes - from East, North and West Africa to Europe and from South America to North
America.”

BACKGROUND:

Germany was the main destination country for migrants and refugees in the European Union
(EU). A new report from IOM's Global Migration Data Analysis Center in Berlin presents
key data on arrivals of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in 2015.In 2015, one million
people stole their intention to apply for asylum in Germany. The data shows that since April
2015, the majority of people who applied for asylum for the first time were originally from
Syria. However, information on the profile of people who registered with the intention of
applying for asylum in Germany is relatively scarce. This is because the EASY data
collection system only collects data on the applicant's country of origin and the "Land" or
Federal State that receives it, but not on the person's socioeconomic profile.

In Germany, refugees and asylum seekers are distributed among the federal states according
to a quota system. This system allocates a certain percentage of asylum seekers to each state
based on tax revenue and population.The map below shows the distribution of asylum seekers
in Germany, according to the quota system. However, what is not clear is the number of
people living in reception centers at any given time. “After arrival, asylum seekers in
Germany must stay in a reception center for a maximum period of six months.”
PRESENT SITUATION:

“In 2023”, Germany will become even more attractive for skilled workers from all over the
world. A new law is intended to make it easier and faster for people from third countries to
enter the German labor market. By the end of November “2022”, the federal government had
defined the cornerstones of the new ordinance, which will apply to the law on the
immigration of skilled workers from March “2020”. The draft law should go to the German
Bundestag at the beginning of “2023”.The aim of the is "that to create the most modern
immigration law" in Germany and Europe, explained Labor Minister Hubert Heil.In the
competition for talent and helping hands, we offer new and above all easier ways to work in
Germany.The head of the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, Frank Jürgen Weise,
recently indicated that around “500,000” refugees could enter Germany in “2016” .The
BAMF's projections take the following factors into account: Developments in the countries of
origin; Information from German institutions dealing with migration issues; number of
asylum applications in Germany; and policy responses to migration across Europe. Another
factor that could affect refugee flows to Germany is the likely number of people who will be
relocated to Germany under the refugee program. “So far only 40 people have been relocated
to Germany”.As a result, criminal law is maintained, restrictive haven reforms are introduced
and entry into Germany is made more difficult. At the same time, thousands of Germans
volunteer to make life and the integration of newcomers easier. They collect donations, help
in initial reception facilities, teach German or accompany asylum seekers on visits to the
authorities or medical examinations. Some accept sponsors and even open their doors to
immigrants and their
families.

PROPOSALS:

1. As a result of the criminal law, there is a solution that the German government gave a
promise of the coalition in power at the end of 2021, its purpose is to facilitate the
 integration of foreigners called "tolerated", who cannot be expelled but can not. They
have the right to work.

2. In order to have asylum in Germany, an official application for asylum, the so-called
Asylantrag is made, which must always be done in person. The possibility of
submitting an asylum application in writing - by letter to the BAMF

3. How Germany comes to Germany The government wants everyone who has lived in
Germany for at least five years by October 1, 2022 and has tolerated the residence
permit to be able to receive a new residence permit for one and a half years

REFERENCES:
OHCHR. (s. f.). About migration and human rights.
https://www.ohchr.org/en/migration/about-migration-and-human-rights

Smuggling of migrants: the harsh search for a better life. (s/f). Unodc.org.
Recuperado el 2 de febrero de 2023, de
https://www.unodc.org/toc/en/crimes/migrant-smuggling.html

Migration, Asylum and Refugees in Germany: Understanding the Data. (s. f.). International
Organization for Migration.
https://www.iom.int/news/migration-asylum-and-refugees-germany-understanding-dat
a

Claudet, S. (2018b, julio 27). Lack of trust among member states undermines EU migration
deal. euronews.
https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2018/07/27/lack-of-trust-among-member-state
s-undermines-eu-migration-deal

Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). (s. f.). ¿Cómo reacciona Alemania ante la inmigración?
DW.COM.
https://www.dw.com/es/c%C3%B3mo-reacciona-alemania-ante-la-inmigraci%C3%B
3n/a-18996678
(S/f). Www.dw.com. Recuperado el 2 de

febrero de 2023, de
https://www.dw.com/en/germany-regularize%C3%A1-immigrants-who-do-not
-have-permanent-residence-permit/a-62388978

Alemania necesita mano de obra extranjera y quiere facilitar la inmigración. (n.d.).