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Hydrology Note 1

Evaporation is the process where liquid water transforms into water vapor and enters the atmosphere, caused by heat and solar radiation. Condensation is the opposite process where water vapor in the atmosphere transforms back into liquid water forming clouds. Precipitation occurs when water droplets in clouds become heavy enough to fall back to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, hail or sleet. Groundwater refers to water found beneath the Earth's surface within rock and soil, and a catchment area is the geographical region where all water drains to a common outlet like a river mouth.

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44 views1 page

Hydrology Note 1

Evaporation is the process where liquid water transforms into water vapor and enters the atmosphere, caused by heat and solar radiation. Condensation is the opposite process where water vapor in the atmosphere transforms back into liquid water forming clouds. Precipitation occurs when water droplets in clouds become heavy enough to fall back to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, hail or sleet. Groundwater refers to water found beneath the Earth's surface within rock and soil, and a catchment area is the geographical region where all water drains to a common outlet like a river mouth.

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Jylian Sogoc
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Evaporation is the process by which liquid water is Groundwater refers to the water that is found

transformed into water vapor and enters the beneath the Earth's surface in the pores and fractures
atmosphere. Evaporation is caused by heat energy of rock formations and soil layers. Supporting
and solar radiation, which increases the water ecosystems, supplying drinking water, and sustaining
molecules’ kinetic energy and turns from liquid to gas. various human activities.
EX: drying of clothes, salt formation, boiling water
Catchment area/watershed or drainage basin refers
Condensation is the process by which water vapor in to the geographical area from which water flows into
the atmosphere transforms into liquid water or solid a specific river, stream, lake, or other water body. It is
ice. As water vapor rises, it cools and condenses into defined by the topography of the land, where all
tiny droplets to form clouds in the atmosphere. This precipitation that falls within the catchment area
process is essential for cloud formation. eventually drains into a common outlet point, such as
EX: dew on grass, cloud, fog, steam from a kettle a river mouth or a reservoir.
Precipitation refers to any form of water, either liquid Water Budget Equation
or solid, that falls from the atmosphere and reaches mass inflow – outflow = change in mass
the Earth's surface. When the condensed water storage Vi - Vo = ΔS
droplets in clouds become heavy enough, they fall P – R – G – E – T = ΔS
back to the Earth's surface as precipitation in the form ΔS = Ss + Ssm + Sg
of rain, snow, drizzle, sleet, or hail. R=P-L
Interception refers to the process by which
precipitation, such as rain or snow, is captured or
intercepted by vegetation, foliage, structures, or other
objects before it reaches the ground surface. It is an
important component of the hydrological cycle and
can significantly affect the distribution and timing of
water inputs to the soil and ecosystems.
Infiltration is the process by which water on the
ground surface enters into the soil or porous rock
layers beneath.
Surface runoff refers to the movement of water over
the land surface when precipitation exceeds the
infiltration capacity of the soil or when the soil is
already saturated with water. It is a significant
component of the hydrological cycle. It plays a crucial
role in shaping landscape features, transporting
sediment and nutrients, and influencing water quality
and quantity in rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Transpiration is the process by which water is
absorbed by plant roots from the soil, moves through
the plant, and is released into the atmosphere as
water vapor through small openings in the leaves
called stomata.
Water may also move underground through soil
layers and rock formations in a process known as
subsurface flow, contributing to groundwater
recharge and the
flow of springs and seepages.
Percolation refers to the movement of water through
soil, rock, or other porous materials. It is a critical
process in the hydrologic cycle, particularly in the
recharge of groundwater and the filtration of
contaminants.

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