Scribd
Upload
41 views8 pages

5if Jogmvfodf PG Uif Dbqqjoh Mjhboet Po Uif Pqupfmfduspojd Qfsgpsnbodf Npsqipmphz Boe Jpo Mjcfsbujpo PG $T1C#S Qfspwtljufrvbouvneput

The document discusses three different perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with the same CsPbBr3 core but different capping ligand compositions and densities. PeQD-1 has the highest ligand density and dispersibility in toluene, highest photoluminescence quantum yield, and largest core spacing in thin films. The paper investigates how the capping ligand impacts ion liberation from the PeQD core and PeQD performance in light-emitting electrochemical cells.

Uploaded by

olehkuzyk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views8 pages

5if Jogmvfodf PG Uif Dbqqjoh Mjhboet Po Uif Pqupfmfduspojd Qfsgpsnbodf Npsqipmphz Boe Jpo Mjcfsbujpo PG $T1C#S Qfspwtljufrvbouvneput

The document discusses three different perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) with the same CsPbBr3 core but different capping ligand compositions and densities. PeQD-1 has the highest ligand density and dispersibility in toluene, highest photoluminescence quantum yield, and largest core spacing in thin films. The paper investigates how the capping ligand impacts ion liberation from the PeQD core and PeQD performance in light-emitting electrochemical cells.

Uploaded by

olehkuzyk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Research Article

‫ڀ‬

ISSN 1998-0124 CN 11-5974/O4


2023, 16(7): 10626−10633 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5589-y

‫ڀ‬

5IF JOGMVFODF PG UIF DBQQJOH MJHBOET PO UIF PQUPFMFDUSPOJD


QFSGPSNBODF NPSQIPMPHZ BOE JPO MJCFSBUJPO PG $T1C#S
QFSPWTLJUFRVBOUVNEPUT
Yongfeng Liu1,2,4 ( Ⴃ), Shi Tang , Zhaoju Gao , Xiuwen Shao , Xiaolin Zhu , Joan Ràfols Ribé , Thomas Wågberg ,
2,3 1 1 1 2 2

Ludvig Edman2,3 ( Ⴃ), and Jia Wang (Ⴃ) 2

‫ܮ‬
$PMMFHFPG1IZTJDBM4DJFODFBOE5FDIOPMPHZ :BOH[IPV6OJWFSTJUZ :BOH[IPV $IJOB
‫ܮ‬
%FQBSUNFOUPG1IZTJDT 6NFÌ6OJWFSTJUZ 6NFÌ4& 4XFEFO
‫ܮ‬
-VOB-&$"# 6NFÌ4& 4XFEFO
‫ܮ‬
.JDSPFMFDUSPOJDT*OEVTUSZ3FTFBSDI*OTUJUVUF :BOH[IPV6OJWFSTJUZ :BOH[IPV $IJOB
‫ڀ‬

ª‫ڀ‬5IFBVUIPS T 
3FDFJWFE%FDFNCFS3FWJTFE'FCSVBSZ"DDFQUFE'FCSVBSZ

"#453"$5
Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) endowed with capping ligands exhibit impressive optoelectronic properties and enable for cost-
efficient solution processing and exciting application opportunities. We synthesize and characterize three different PeQDs with
the same cubic CsPbBr3 core, but which are distinguished by the ligand composition and density. PeQD-1 features a binary
didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and octanoic acid capping ligand system, with a high surface density of 1.53 nm−2,
whereas PeQD-2 and PeQD-3 are coated by solely DDAB at a gradually lower surface density. We show that PeQD-1 endowed
with highest ligand density features the highest dispersibility in toluene of 150 g/L, the highest photoluminescence quantum yield
of 95% in dilute solution and 59% in a neat film, and the largest core-to-core spacing in neat thin films. We further establish that
ions are released from the core of PeQD-1 when it is exposed to an electric field, although it comprises a dense coating of one
capping ligand per four surface core atoms. We finally exploit these combined findings to the development of a light-emitting
electrochemical cell (LEC), where the active layer is composed solely of solution-processed pure PeQDs, without additional
electrolytes. In this device, the ion release is utilized as an advantage for the electrochemical doping process and efficient
emissive operation of the LEC.

,&:803%4
CsPbBr3 quantum dots, capping ligand, ion liberation, light-emitting electrochemical cell
‫ڀ‬
‫*ڀڀڀڀ‬OUSPEVDUJPO
‫ڀ‬
EVSJOH 1F2% HSPXUI BOE QVSJGJDBUJPO BT XFMM BT GPS UIF
QBTTJWBUJPO PG TVSGBDF EFGFDUT BOE UIF QFSGPSNBODF JO EFWJDFT
1FSPWTLJUF RVBOUVN EPUT  1F2%T DBO FYIJCJU B OVNCFS PG <o>"UPQJDPGQBSUJDVMBSJOUFSFTUJTXIFUIFSNPCJMFJPOTDBO
BUUSBDUJWF QSPQFSUJFT JODMVEJOH UVOFBCMF BCTPSQUJPO BOE FNJTTJPO CF MJCFSBUFE GSPN UIF QFSPWTLJUF DPSF CZ UIF BQQMJDBUJPO PG BO
PWFS UIF FOUJSF WJTJCMF SFHJNF CZ DPOUSPM PG TJ[F BOEPS DIFNJDBM FMFDUSJD GJFME PS CZ JMMVNJOBUJPO <o> BOE UIF PGUFO PCTFSWFE
DPNQPTJUJPO IJHI QIPUPMVNJOFTDFODF RVBOUVN ZJFME  1-2: IZTUFSFTJT JO 1F2% CBTFE QIPUPWPMUBJDT BOE -&%T JT DPNNPOMZ
OBSSPXCBOEFNJTTJPO GVMMXJEUIBUIBMGNBYJNVN '8). PG_ BUUSJCVUFE UP JPO SFMFBTF BOE NJHSBUJPO <  > 'PS FYBNQMF
ON BOEDBQBDJUZGPSMPXDPTUTPMVUJPOQSPDFTTJOH<o>5IFTF -FF FU BM JOTJUV TZOUIFTJ[FE 1F2%T UISPVHI TQMJUUJOH PG UISFF
QSPQFSUJFTSFOEFS1F2%TBUUSBDUJWFGPSBWBSJFUZPGPQUPFMFDUSPOJD EJNFOTJPOBM  % QFSPWTLJUF XJUI UIF IFMQ PG CFO[ZMQIPTQIPOJD
BQQMJDBUJPOT TVDI BT MJHIUFNJUUJOH EFWJDFT <o> QIPUPWPMUBJDT BDJEBTBDBQQJOHMJHBOE BOEUIFSFTVMUBOU1F2%-&%QSFTFOUFE
< > QIPUPEFUFDUPST<> BOEMBTFST<>5IFFNQMPZNFOUPG TVQQSFTTFEJPOSFMFBTFBOEUIVTJNQSPWFEPQFSBUJPOTUBCJMJUZ<>
1F2%TBTUIFFNJUUFSJOMJHIUFNJUUJOHEJPEFT -&%T JTDVSSFOUMZ )PXFWFS B DPNQSFIFOTJWF VOEFSTUBOEJOH PG UIF JNQBDU PG UIF
BQBSUJDVMBSMZWJCSBOUGJFME5IFGJSTU1F2%-&%XBTJOUSPEVDFEJO DBQQJOHMJHBOEUZQFBOEEFOTJUZPOUIJTJPOMJCFSBUJPOJO1F2%TJT
 BOE JU EFMJWFSFE BO FYUFSOBM RVBOUVN FGGJDJFODZ  &2& PG MBDLJOH
 < > 4JODF UIFO USFNFOEPVT FGGPSUT IBWF CFFO EFEJDBUFE )FSF XF SFQPSU PO UIF TZOUIFTJT UIF NBOJQVMBUJPO PG MJHBOE
UPXBSETJNQSPWJOHUIF1F2%-&%QFSGPSNBODFCZEFWFMPQNFOUT UZQF BOE EFOTJUZ UIF QSPQFSUZ DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO BOE UIF EFWJDF
PG UIF 1F2% DIFNJDBM TUSVDUVSF <o> BOE UIF EFWJDF FWBMVBUJPO PG UISFF EJGGFSFOU TRVBSFTIBQFE $T1C#S 1F2%T
BSDIJUFDUVSF<> BOEUIFDVSSFOUTUBUFPGUIFBSUGPS1F2%-&%T EJTUJOHVJTIFE TPMFMZ CZ UIF MJHBOE TFMFDUJPO 1F2% JT DBQQFE
JTBO&2&PG<> XJUI B CJOBSZ MJHBOE TZTUFN DPNQSJTJOH
1F2%T DPNQSJTF B QFSPWTLJUF DPSF TVSSPVOEFE CZ PSHBOJD EJEPEFDZMEJNFUIZMBNNPOJVN CSPNJEF  %%"# BOE PDUBOPJD
DBQQJOHMJHBOET*UJTXFMMFTUBCMJTIFEUIBUUIFMBUUFSQMBZTBLFZSPMF BDJE  05"D XIJMF 1F2% BOE 1F2% BSF DBQQFE TPMFMZ CZ
‫ڀ‬

"EESFTTDPSSFTQPOEFODFUP:POHGFOH‫ڀ‬-JV MJVZG!Z[VFEVDO-VEWJH‫&ڀ‬ENBO MVEWJHFENBO!VNVTF+JB‫ڀ‬8BOH KJBXBOH!VNVTF


Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633 10627
‫ڀ‬

%%"#8FGJOEUIBUPWFSBMMMJHBOEEFOTJUZJTIJHIFTUGPS1F2% 5&.TBNQMFXBTQSFQBSFECZESPQDBTUJOHBEJMVUFH-1F2%
BOEMPXFTUGPS1F2%1F2%FYIJCJUTUIFMBSHFTUEJTQFSTJCJMJUZ JOUPMVFOF EJTQFSTJPO PO BO BNPSQIPVTDBSCPODPBUFE DPQQFS
JO UPMVFOF   H- BOE UIF IJHIFTU 1-2: PG  JO EJMVUF HSJE 'JHVSFT  B o D  QSFTFOU UIF SFDPSEFE 5&. JNBHFT XIJDI
UPMVFOF TPMVUJPO BOE  JO OFBU GJMN 5IF MJHBOE TFMFDUJPO BMTP TIPXUIBUBMMUISFF1F2%GJMNTGFBUVSFXFMMEFGJOFE1F2%TRVBSFT
JNQBDUFE UIF UIJO GJMN NPSQIPMPHZ GPS UIF MBSHFS MJHBOE EFOTJUZ XJUIBVOJGPSNTIBQFBOETJ[F5IFBWFSBHFTJEFMFOHUIJTœ
SFTVMUJOH JO NPSF PQFO TQBDF CFUXFFO UIF 1F2% DPSFT 8F BMTP ONGPS1F2% œONGPS1F2% BOEœONGPS
JOWFTUJHBUFE UIF FGGFDUT PG UIF DBQQJOH MJHBOE TFMFDUJPO PO UIF 1F2% BT EFSJWFE CZ BOBMZTJOH  JOEFQFOEFOU 1F2%T 5IF
FMFDUSJDGJFME JOEVDFE JPO SFMFBTF GSPN UIF DPSF CVU FTUBCMJTIFE DPSSFTQPOEJOH TJ[F EJTUSJCVUJPOT BSF QSFTFOUFE JO 'JH4 JO UIF
UIBUJPOTXFSFMJCFSBUFEGSPNUIF1F2%DPSFSFHBSEMFTTPGMJHBOE &MFDUSPOJD4VQQMFNFOUBSZ.BUFSJBM &4. 5IFDPOUJOVPVTCSJHIU
TFMFDUJPO 8F VUJMJ[FE UIJT PCTFSWBUJPO UP PVS BEWBOUBHF UISPVHI SFHJPOTJOCFUXFFOUIF1F2%TRVBSFTBSFBTTJHOFEUPUIFDBQQJOH
UIF EFNPOTUSBUJPO UIBU B TJNQMF UISFFMBZFS FMFDUSPEF1F2%T MJHBOET XIJDIBQQFBSUPFGGFDUJWFMZIJOEFS1F2%BHHSFHBUJPO
FMFDUSPEF EFWJDF GVODUJPOT BT B MJHIU FNJUUJOH FMFDUSPDIFNJDBM DFMM 'JHVSFT  E o G  QSFTFOU IJHISFTPMVUJPO 5&.  )35&.
-&$ XIJDIEFMJWFSFEBIJHIMVNJOBODFPGDENBUBESJWF JNBHFT PG UIF TBNF TBNQMFT XIJDI SFWFBM UIBU UIF UISFF 1F2%
WPMUBHFPG7 DPSFT FYIJCJU DMFBS DSZTUBMMJOF PSEFS XJUI UIF TBNF DIBSBDUFSJTUJD
EJTUBODF PG  ON 9SBZ EJGGSBDUJPO  93% XBT FNQMPZFE UP
‫ڀڀڀڀ‬3FTVMUTBOEEJTDVTTJPO
‫ڀ‬
GVSUIFSJOWFTUJHBUFUIFDSZTUBMMJOFTUSVDUVSFTPG1F2%GJMNT _
ϪN UIJDLOFTT XIJDI XFSF GBCSJDBUFE CZ ESPQ DBTUJOH B  H-
5IF 1F2%T XFSF TZOUIFTJ[FE CZ B MJHBOE BTTJTUFE SFQSFDJQJUBUJPO 1F2%JOUPMVFOFEJTQFSTJPOPOBHMBTTTVCTUSBUF'JHVSF4JOUIF
NFUIPE VOEFS BNCJFOU BJS " $T$0JO05"D TPMVUJPO XBT &4. TIPXT UIBU BMM UISFF GJMNT FYIJCJU FTTFOUJBMMZ JEFOUJDBM 93%
JODMVEFE JOUP B 1C#S 50"#JOUPMVFOF TPMVUJPO  50"#  QBUUFSOT XIJDI BSF JO HPPE BHSFFNFOU XJUI B DVCJD SFGFSFODF
UFUSBPDUZMBNNPOJVN CSPNJEF BOE BGUFS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  T B QBUUFSO  1%' /P  DVCJD  4QFDJGJDBMMZ UIF 93% QFBL BU
%%"#JOUPMVFOF TPMVUJPO  %%"#  ¡DPSSFTQPOETUPUIFEJGGSBDUJPOGSPNUIF  DSZTUBMQMBOF
EJEPEFDZMEJNFUIZMBNNPOJVN CSPNJEF XBT BEEFE UP UIF CMFOE XJUIBOJOUFSQMBOBSEJTUBODFPGON8FOPUFXJUIJOUFSFTUUIBU
TPMVUJPO5IFSFBDUJPOCFUXFFOUIFUISFFDPNQPOFOUTPMVUJPOXBT UIJT EJTUBODF JT JEFOUJDBM UP UIF DIBSBDUFSJTUJD JOUFSQMBOBS EJTUBODF
BMMPXFEUPQSPDFFEGPSNJOBUSPPNUFNQFSBUVSF XIFSFBGUFSJU PCTFSWFEXJUI)35&.JO'JHT E o G 
XBTUFSNJOBUFECZUIFBEEJUJPOPGFUIZMBDFUBUF5IJTDSVEF1F2% 9SBZ QIPUPFMFDUSPO TQFDUSPTDPQZ  914 XBT FNQMPZFE UP
EJTQFSTJPO DPOUBJOT VOSFBDUFE QSFDVSTPST BOE OPOBUUBDIFE JOWFTUJHBUF UIF FMFNFOUBM DPNQPTJUJPO PG UIF UISFF 1F2% DPSFT
MJHBOET BOEUIFSFGPSFSFRVJSFEGVSUIFSUSFBUNFOUBOEQVSJGJDBUJPO 'JHVSF 4 BOE 5BCMF 4 JO UIF &4. TIPX UIBU UIF NBUFSJBM
CFGPSF VTF 5IF TZOUIFTJT QSPUPDPM JT B NPEJGJFE WFSTJPO PG PVS DPNQPTJUJPO BOE UIF WBMFODF TUBUFT PG UIF DPOTUJUVFOU BUPNT BSF
QSFWJPVT SFQPSU <> BOE NPSF EFUBJMT DBO CF GPVOE JO UIF FTTFOUJBMMZJEFOUJDBMGPSBMM1F2%GJMNT5IFDPNCJOFEDPODMVTJPO
.FUIPET TFDUJPO 5IF SFHVMBUJPO PG UIF DBQQJOH MJHBOE UZQF BOE GSPN UIFTF TUSVDUVSBM JOWFTUJHBUJPOT JT UIVT UIBU BMM UISFF 1F2%
EFOTJUZBUUBDIFEUPUIF1F2%DPSFXBTFYFDVUFECZBAQPTUUVOJOH DPSFTGFBUVSFUIFTBNFNBUFSJBMDPNQPTJUJPO DSZTUBMMJOFTUSVDUVSF
QSPDFEVSF*UDPNQSJTFEUIFBEEJUJPOPGFUIZMBDFUBUFUPUIFDSVEF BOEDVCJDTIBQF
1F2% EJTQFSTJPO B  NJO DFOUSJGVHBUJPO BU   SQN B 8F OPX TIJGU PVS GPDVT UP UIF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO PG UIF DBQQJOH
EJTDBSEJOHPGUIFTVQFSOBUBOU BOEBSFEJTQFSTJPOPGUIFQSFDJQJUBUF MJHBOE DPNQPTJUJPO BOE EFOTJUZ PO UIF TVSGBDF PG UIF UISFF
JO UPMVFOF 5IF SFTVMUJOH EJTQFSTJPO JT UFSNFE 1F2% BOE UIF EJGGFSFOU1F2%T'JHVSF B TIPXTUIF'PVSJFSUSBOTGPSNJOGSBSFE
POFPSUXPUJNFSFQFUJUJPOPGUIJTQPTUUVOJOHQSPDFEVSFSFTVMUFE '5*3 TQFDUSB SFDPEFE PO UIJO GJMNT PG  GSPN UPQ UP NJEEMF
JO UIF BUUBJONFOU PG EJTQFSTJPOT 1F2% BOE 1F2% 1F2% CMBDLMJOF 1F2% SFEMJOF BOE1F2% HSFFOMJOF 
SFTQFDUJWFMZ 5IF'5*3TQFDUSBPGOFBUGJMNTPGUIFTVSGBDFMJHBOET%%"# CMVF
5IF NPSQIPMPHZ BOE TUSVDUVSFT PG UIF 1F2% DPSFT XFSF GJSTU MJOF BOE 05"D  QVSQMF MJOF BSF JODMVEFE BT SFGFSFODFT GPS UIF
JOWFTUJHBUFE XJUI USBOTNJTTJPO FMFDUSPO NJDSPTDPQZ  5&.  5IF TUSVDUVSBM JEFOUJGJDBUJPO JO UIF CPUUPN QBSU PG UIF GJHVSF 05"D
‫ڀ‬

Size: 9.7 ± 1.2 nm Size: 9.9 ± 1.4 nm Size: 10.0 ± 1.6 nm

'JHVSF‫ڀڀ‬.PSQIPMPHZBOETUSVDUVSFDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOT5&.JNBHFTPG1F2% B 1F2% C BOE1F2% D TBNQMFT XIJDIXFSFGBCSJDBUFECZESPQDBTUJOHB


EJMVUFH-UPMVFOFEJTQFSTJPOPOUPBOBNPSQIPVTDBSCPODPBUFEDPQQFSHSJE"MPXFSSJHIUJOTFUQSFTFOUTUIFBWFSBHFTJEFMFOHUIPGUIFTRVBSFTIBQFE1F2%DPSF
)35&.JNBHFTPGUIFTBNF1F2% E 1F2% F BOE1F2% G TBNQMFTXJUIUIFJOTFUQSFTFOUJOHUIFJOUFSQMBOBSEJTUBODF
‫ڀ‬

www.theNanoResearch.com | www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano Research


10628 Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633

(a) (b)
‫ڀ‬
‫ڀ‬

CH stretching C=O stretching CH bending PeQD-1


PeQD-1 15 100 PeQD-2

Relative mass (%)


PeQD-3

Transmittance
PeQD-2
96
PeQD-3
12.3% 11.4% 10.9%
DDAB
92
OTAc
88

84
3200 3000 2800 1800 1600 1400 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Wavenumber (cmí) Temperature (°C)
(c)

Brí

DDAB OTAc
'JHVSF‫ڀڀ‬$BQQJOHMJHBOEDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOT B '5*3TQFDUSBPG GSPNUPQUPCPUUPN UIFUISFF1F2%GJMNT BOFBU%%"#GJMN BOEBOFBU05"DGJMN5IF1F2%
GJMNTXFSFQSFQBSFECZESPQDBTUJOHBH-1F2%EJTQFSTJPOPOUPBTBNQMFDFMM C 5IF5("EFSJWFESFMBUJWFNBTTMPTTPGB1F2%QPXEFSEVSJOHIFBUJOH D 5IF
DIFNJDBMTUSVDUVSFTPGUIF%%"#BOE05"DDBQQJOHMJHBOET

BOE %%"# CPUI FYIJCJU B CSPBE WJCSBUJPO CBOE BU o BNPVOU PG %%"# UIBU XBT SFNPWFE CZ UIF UIJSE QPTUUVOJOH
DN¦ XIJDIJTBUUSJCVUFEUP$o)TUSFUDIJOH BOEBWJCSBUJPOBMQFBL USFBUNFOU JF NBTT BOEUIFTFDPOEQPTUUVOJOHUSFBUNFOU
BU  DN¦ XIJDI JT EVF UP $o) CFOEJOH <> 5IF DIFNJDBM UIF DPODMVTJPO GPMMPXT UIBU 1F2% DPNQSJTFT  NBTT 05"D
TUSVDUVSFTEJTQMBZFEJO'JH D SFWFBMUIBUUIFTFWJCSBUJPOBMNPEFT BOE  NBTT %%"# XIJMF 1F2% BOE 1F2% DPNQSJTFT
BSF MPDBMJ[FE PO UIF BMLZM DIBJOT PG UIF DBQQJOH MJHBOET 8F GJOE NBTTBOENBTT%%"#DBQQJOHMJHBOET SFTQFDUJWFMZ
UIBUCPUIUIF$o)TUSFUDIJOHBOEUIF$o)CFOEJOHNPEFTDBOCF 8JUI UIJT JOGPSNBUJPO BU IBOE XF DBO DBMDVMBUF UIBU UIF BWFSBHF
PCTFSWFE JO UIF '5*3 TQFDUSB PG BMM UISFF 1F2%T BMUIPVHI UIFJS DBQQJOH MJHBOE DPWFSBHF JT  ON¦ GPS 1F2%  ON¦ GPS
JOUFOTJUZJTEFDSFBTJOHXIFOHPJOHGSPN1F2%UP1F2%5IJT 1F2% BOEON¦GPS1F2%XJUIUIFQSPDFEVSFEFUBJMFEJO
JOUFOTJUZ ESPQ JNQMJFT UIBU FBDI FYFDVUJPO PG UIF QPTUUVOJOH UIF&4.BOETIPXOJO5BCMF4JOUIF&4.<>"CBDLPGUIF
USFBUNFOUSFNPWFTMJHBOETGSPNUIF1F2%TVSGBDF FOWFMPQF DBMDVMBUJPO SFWFBMT UIBU UIF EFSJWFE MJHBOE DPWFSBHF PO
8FDBMMBUUFOUJPOUPUIBUUIFDN¦NPEFJTVOJRVFGPSUIF 1F2%DPSSFTQPOETUPUIBUUIFSFJTPOFDBQQJOHMJHBOEQFSGPVS
05"D MJHBOE XIJDI JT EVF UP UIF TZNNFUSJD TUSFUDIJOH PG UIF BUPNTPOUIFTVSGBDFPGUIF1F2%DPSF
$0DIFNJDBMHSPVQUIBUJTPOMZQBSUPGUIFDIFNJDBMTUSVDUVSFPG 5IFFTUBCMJTIFEEJGGFSFOUDBQQJOHMJHBOEDPWFSBHFJTBMTPJOMJOF
05"DBOEOPU%%"# TFF'JH D *OUFSFTUJOHMZ UIJTNPEFDBO XJUI UIBU UIF UISFF 1F2%T GFBUVSF EJGGFSFOU NBYJNVN
POMZCFPCTFSWFEJOUIF'5*3TQFDUSVNPG1F2% XIJDITIPXT EJTQFSTJCJMJUZJOUPMVFOFBTGPMMPXT_H-GPS1F2%XJUIUIF
UIBU 05"D FYJTUT PO UIF TVSGBDF PG 1F2% CVU UIBU JU IBT CFFO EFOTFTUTVSGBDFDPWFSBHF _H-GPS1F2% BOE_H-GPS
DPNQMFUFMZ SFNPWFE GSPN UIF TVSGBDF PG 1F2% BOE 1F2% 1F2% XJUI UIF NPTU EJMVUF DPWFSBHF *O UIJT DPOUFYU XF BMTP
5IJT DPNQMFUF SFNPWBM PG 05"D BOE OPU %%"# JT JO MJOF XJUI XJTI UP NFOUJPO UIBU UIF TUPSBHF TUBCJMJUZ PG BMM UISFF 1F2%
UIBU PG BNJOFCBTFE MJHBOET TVDI BT %%"# XIJDI IBWF CFFO EJTQFSTJPOT JT HPPE BT FYFNQMJGJFE CZ UIBU  H- 1F2%
SFQPSUFE UP GFBUVSF B TUSPOHFS BETPSQUJPO UP UIF 1F2% DPSF UIBO EJTQFSTJPO XIJDI SFNBJOT PQUJDBMMZ DMFBS BOE FYIJCJUT B DPOTUBOU
MJHBOET DBQQFE XJUI DBSCPYZMJD BDJE TVDI BT 05"D <  1-2:GPMMPXJOHEBZTPGTUPSBHFVOEFSBNCJFOUBJSDPOEJUJPOT
o> 8F GJOE UIBU UIF $0 TUSFUDIJOH NPEF IBT TIJGUFE GSPN TFF'JH4JOUIF&4. 
 DN¦ GPS OFBU 05"D UP  DN¦ GPS 1F2% XIJDI JT JO 8F IBWF QFSGPSNFE B EFUBJMFE PQUJDBM JOWFTUJHBUJPO UP GVSUIFS
MJOF XJUI PUIFS JOWFTUJHBUFE 1F2% TZTUFNT < o> 8F BMTP JNQSPWFPVSVOEFSTUBOEJOHPGUIFFGGFDUTPGUIFEJGGFSFOUDBQQJOH
OPUF UIBU B TJNJMBS TIJGU GSPN  UP  DN¦ IBT CFFO MJHBOET'JHVSF B TIPXTUIFBCTPSCBODFTQFDUSB MFGUZBYJT PQFO
BUUSJCVUFEUPUIFGPSNBUJPOPGIZESPHFOCPOETCFUXFFOUIF$0 TZNCPMT BOE UIF QIPUPMVNJOFTDFODF  1- TQFDUSB  SJHIU ZBYJT
DIFNJDBMHSPVQBOEUIFFYUFSOBMFOWJSPONFOU<> TPMJE TZNCPMT PG EJMVUF 1F2%T JO UPMVFOF EJTQFSTJPOT XJUI B
"RVBOUJUBUJWFEFUFSNJOBUJPOPGUIFBNPVOUTPGDBQQJOHMJHBOET DPODFOUSBUJPO PG  H- XJUI UIF 1F2% TFMFDUJPO JEFOUJGJFE JO
PO UIF 1F2% TVSGBDF XBT QPTTJCMF XJUI UIF BJE PG UIFSNBM UIFJOTFU5IFUISFF1F2%EJTQFSTJPOTQSFTFOUIJHIMZTJNJMBSCSPBE
HSBWJNFUSJD BOBMZTJT  5("  'JHVSF  C  TIPXT UIF 5(" EFSJWFE BCTPSQUJPOQSPGJMFT XJUIUIFBCTPSQUJPOPOTFUMPDBUFEBU_ON
NBTT MPTT PG 1F2% QPXEFST EVSJOH IFBUJOH GSPN  UP  ¡$ 5IF1-TQFDUSBBSFBMTPWFSZTJNJMBS XJUIUIF1-QFBLDFOUFSFEBU
VOEFSJOFSU/BUNPTQIFSF5IFEJTUJODUIJHIFSUFNQFSBUVSFNBTT ONBOEUIF'8).EJTUSJCVUJPOCFJOHWFSZOBSSPXBUON
MPTT BU¡$ JTBUUSJCVUFEUPUIFEFDPNQPTJUJPOBOETVCTFRVFOU <>5IFEJMVUF1F2%EJTQFSTJPOTJOUPMVFOFFYIJCJUBIJHI1-2:
FWBQPSBUJPOPGUIFJOPSHBOJD1F2%DPSFQBSU<o>5IFMPXFS PGGPS1F2% GPS1F2% BOEGPS1F2%
UFNQFSBUVSFNBTTMPTTCFUXFFOBOE¡$JTJOTUFBEBTTJHOFE 5IJT 1- DBQBDJUZ JT WJTVBMJ[FE CZ UIF QIPUPHSBQIT JO 'JHT 4 B
UP UIF EFTPSQUJPO PG UIF PSHBOJD MJHBOET GSPN UIF 1F2% TVSGBDF BOE4 C JOUIF&4. XIJDITIPXUIFWJCSBOUHSFFO1-GSPNUIF
DPOTJEFSJOH UIBU UIF CPJMJOH QPJOU JT  ¡$ GPS OFBU %%"# BOE 1F2%EJTQFSTJPOTVOEFSEBZMJHIUBOEVMUSBWJPMFU 67 FYDJUBUJPO
¡$GPSOFBU05"D< >"EFUBJMFEBOBMZTJTSFWFBMTUIBUUIF SFTQFDUJWFMZ "U B IJHIFS 1F2% DPODFOUSBUJPO PG  H- UIF
SFMBUJWF MJHBOE NBTT MPTT  VQ UP  ¡$ JT  GPS 1F2% 1-2:ESPQQFETMJHIUMZCZ_ XIJDIJTEVFUPUIBUBMPXFSFE
GPS1F2% BOEGPS1F2% EJTUBODFCFUXFFOUIF1F2%DPSFTFOBCMFTBNPSFGBDJMFUSBOTGFSUP
5IF '5*3 BOBMZTJT TIPXFE UIBU 1F2% BOE 1F2% POMZ OPOFNJTTJWFTJUFT<>
DPOUBJO %%"# BT UIF DBQQJOH MJHBOE XIJDI JNQMJFT UIBU UIF 'JHVSF  C  QSFTFOUT UIF BCTPSCBODF BOE 1- TQFDUSB PG TPMJE
NFBTVSFE MJHBOE NBTT MPTTFT GPS UIFTF UXP NBUFSJBMT EVSJOH UIF 1F2% UIJO GJMNT TQJO DPBUFE GSPN  H- UPMVFOF EJTQFSTJPO PO
TFDPOE BOE UIJSE QPTUUVOJOH USFBUNFOUT BSF TPMFMZ EVF UP UIF RVBSU[TVCTUSBUFT8FGJOEUIBUUIFTFTQFDUSBBSFIJHIMZTJNJMBSUP
SFNPWBM PG %%"# *G XF  TPNFXIBU OBJWFMZ BTTVNF UIF TBNF UIPTFPGUIFEJTQFSTJPOT XJUIUIFOPUBCMFEJGGFSFODFCFJOHUIBUUIF
‫ڀ‬

| www.editorialmanager.com/nare/default.asp
Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633 10629

(a) 0.6
‫ڀ‬
‫ڀ‬

Absorbance PL PLQY (b)0.2 Absorbance PL PLQY


3k
PeQD-1 95.2% PeQD-1 59.1%
PeQD-2 88.1% 9k PeQD-2 19.8%

PL intensity (a.u.)
Absorbance (a.u.)

PL intensity (a.u.)
Absorbance (a.u.)
PeQD-3 84.3% PeQD-3 16.6%

0.4 2k
6k
0.1
0.2 1k
3k

0.0 0 0.0 0
450 500 550 600 450 500 550 600
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)
'JHVSF‫ڀڀ‬0QUJDBMDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOT"CTPSQUJPOBOE1-TQFDUSBPG B EJMVUF1F2%JOUPMVFOFEJTQFSTJPOT DPODFOUSBUJPOH- BOE C TQJODPBUFE1F2%UIJO
GJMNTPORVBSU[TVCTUSBUFT

1-2: EFDSFBTFE UP  GPS 1F2%  GPS 1F2% BOE NJOPSJUZDPNQPOFOU 5IFMBUUFSJTJNQPSUBOUJOUIBUJUFGGFDUJWFMZ
GPS1F2%'JHVSF4 D JOUIF&4.TIPXTQIPUPHSBQITPG QBTTJWBUFTFNJTTJPORVFODIJOHTVSGBDFFGGFDUT5IJTDPNQBSBUJWFMZ
UIFHSFFO1-GSPNUIF1F2%UIJOGJMNTEVSJOHFYDJUBUJPOCZ67 EFOTF DBQQJOHMJHBOE DPWFSBHF GVSUIFS QVTIFT UIF DPSFT BQBSU TP
JMMVNJOBUJPO 5IF HFOFSBM PCTFSWBUJPO PG B TIBSQ ESPQ JO 1-2: UIBU 1F2% FYIJCJUT UIF MBSHFTU BWFSBHF DPSFoDPSF EJTUBODF
CFUXFFO1F2%UP1F2%JTJOUFSFTUJOH CFDBVTFXFIBWFGPVOE 1F2% FYIJCJUT BO JOUFSNFEJBUF DBQQJOHMJHBOE DPWFSBHF JO UIF
UIFN UP CF QSJNBSJMZ EJTUJOHVJTIFE CZ UIBU POMZ UIF 1F2% GPSN PG TPMFMZ %%"# NPMFDVMFT XIFSFBT 1F2% GFBUVSFT UIF
DPOUBJOFE 05"D DBQQJOH MJHBOET  JO BEEJUJPO UP UIBU UIF %%"# MPXFTU  %%"# DBQQJOHMJHBOE DPWFSBHF BOE UIF TIPSUFTU
DPODFOUSBUJPOJTTMJHIUMZMPXFSGPSUIF1F2% 5IJTDPNCJOBUJPO DPSFoDPSF EJTUBODF JF UIF IJHIFTU 1F2% DPSF EFOTJUZ "O
PG PCTFSWBUJPOT UIVT TVHHFTUT UIBU UIF 05"D MJHBOE JT IJHIMZ JOUFSFTUJOHRVFTUJPOUIBUOPXBSJTFTJTXIFUIFSUIFEJGGFSFOUMJHBOE
FGGJDJFOU JO QBTTJWBUJOH 1-RVFODIJOH TVSGBDF EFGFDU TUBUFT PO UIF DPNQPTJUJPO BOE EFOTJUZ BOE UIF WBSZJOH DPSFoDPSF EJTUBODF DBO
1F2%DPSF8FOPUFUIBUJUIBTCFFOSFQPSUFEUIBUEFQSPUPOBUFE JOGMVFODFUIFJPOMJCFSBUJPOFGGFDUT XIJDIBSFGSFRVFOUMZPCTFSWFE
BDJEUZQFMJHBOET TVDIBT05"D DBODPPSEJOBUFXJUIDBUJPOT TVDI XIFO 1F2%T BSF FYQPTFE UP FMFDUSJD GJFMET GPS JOTUBODF JO TPMBS
BT $T  PS 1C PS IBMJEF WBDBODJFT PO B 1F2% TVSGBDF < > DFMMTBOEMJHIUFNJUUJOHEFWJDFT
5IVT JUTFFNTSFBTPOBCMFUPESBXUIFDPODMVTJPOUIBUUIFSFNPWBM *O PSEFS UP BOTXFS UIJT RVFTUJPO XF GBCSJDBUFE BOE
PGUIF05"DMJHBOETEVSJOHUIFTFDPOEQPTUUVOJOHUSFBUNFOU JO DIBSBDUFSJ[FE B OVNCFS PG EJGGFSFOU UXPFMFDUSPEF EFWJDFT
FGGFDUGPS1F2%BOE1F2%CVUOPU1F2% SFTVMUFEJOUIBU TUSVDUVSFE DPNQSJTJOH B  ONUIJO 1F2% MBZFS TBOEXJDIFE
TVSGBDFNPJFUJFT TVDIBT1C BOEIBMJEFWBDBODJFT CFDPNFOPO CFUXFFO BO JOEJVNUJOPYJEFQPMZ  FUIZMFOFEJPYZUIJPQIFOF 
QBTTJWBUFE BOE UIFSFCZ USBOTGPSN JOUP OPOSBEJBUJWF TJUFT UIBU QPMZ TUZSFOF TVMGPOBUF  *501&%05144 BOPEF BOE BO "M
EFDSFBTFUIF1-2:< o> DBUIPEF BT TDIFNBUJDBMMZ EFQJDUFE JO UIF JOTFU PG 'JH C  5IF
*U JT GVSUIFS JOUFSFTUJOH UIBU UIF BCTPMVUF WBMVF GPS UIF UFNQPSBM SFTQPOTF PG UISFF TVDI EFWJDFT EJTUJOHVJTIFE CZ UIF
BCTPSCBODF JT WFSZ TJNJMBS GPS UIF UISFF 1F2% GJMNT JO 'JH C  1F2% TFMFDUJPO EVSJOH ESJWJOH CZ B DPOTUBOU DVSSFOU EFOTJUZ PG
5IF BCTPSCBODF JT MJOFBSMZ EFQFOEFOU PO UIF BCTPSQUJPO N"DNJTTIPXOJO'JHT C BOE D 'JHVSF4JOUIF&4.
DPFGGJDJFOU UIF GJMN UIJDLOFTT BOE UIF DPODFOUSBUJPO PG UIF TIPXT UIBU UIF 1F2% EFWJDFT GFBUVSF FTTFOUJBMMZ JEFOUJDBM TUFBEZ
BCTPSCJOH TQFDJFT BT EFTDSJCFE CZ UIF #FFSo-BNCFSU MBX 5IF TUBUFFMFDUSPMVNJOFTDFODF &- TQFDUSB XJUIUIF&-QFBLDFOUSFEBU
BCTPSCJOHTQFDJFTJTFGGFDUJWFMZUIFJOWBSJBOU1F2%DPSF TFF FH  ON BOE UIF '8). CFJOH OBSSPX BU  ON 5IF TUSPOH
'JH TJODFUIFBCTPSQUJPOPGUIFMJHBOETJTFTTFOUJBMMZ[FSPJOUIF TJNJMBSJUZXJUIUIFUIJOGJMN1-TQFDUSBJO'JH C TIPXTUIBUUIF
QSPCFEXBWFMFOHUISBOHF< >5IVT UIFBCTPSQUJPODPFGGJDJFOU FNJTTJWF 1F2% DPSF JT FTTFOUJBMMZ OPOBGGFDUFE CZ UIF EFWJDF
JTUIFTBNFGPSBMMUISFF1F2%T4PNFXIBUVOFYQFDUFEMZ XFGJOE PQFSBUJPO GSPN BO FNJTTJPO QFSTQFDUJWF 8F GVSUIFS GJOE UIBU BMM
CZTZTUFNBUJDTDBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQZ 4&. DSPTTTFDUJPOBM UISFF 1F2% EFWJDFT JOWBSJBCMZ EJTQMBZFE B TUSPOH UFNQPSBM
JNBHJOH UIBU UIF GJMN UIJDLOFTT WBSJFE TJHOJGJDBOUMZ GSPN  FWPMVUJPO JO UIF GPSN PG BO JOJUJBM EFDSFBTF PG UIF WPMUBHF  'JH
œ ONGPS1F2% PWFS œ ONGPS1F2% UP  C BOE BO JODSFBTF PG UIF MVNJOBODF  'JH D  5IJT USBOTJFOU
œ ON GPS 1F2%  TFF 'JHT 4 B o4 D JO UIF &4.  CFIBWJPVSJNQMJFTUIBUJPOMJCFSBUJPOSFNBJOTJOFGGFDUGPSBMMUISFF
"DDPSEJOHMZ UIF DPOTFRVFODF NVTU CF UIBU UIF DPODFOUSBUJPO PG 1F2%T EFTQJUF UIFJS WBSJBUJPO JO MJHBOE DPWFSBHF BOE DPSFoDPSF
UIF BCTPSCJOH TQFDJFT JF UIF 1F2% DPSFT NVTU WBSZ JO UIF EJTUBODF
JOWFSTFPSEFSUPDBQQJOHMJHBOEEFOTJUZ JF UIBUUIF1F2%GJMN 8FDBMMBUUFOUJPOUPUIBUTVDIBEFDSFBTFJOWPMUBHFBOEJODSFBTF
FYIJCJUTUIFMPXFTUEFOTJUZPG1F2%DPSF XIJMFUIF1F2%GJMN JOMVNJOBODFEVSJOHUIFJOJUJBMTUBHFPGDPOTUBOUDVSSFOUPQFSBUJPO
GFBUVSFTUIFIJHIFTUEFOTJUZPG1F2%DPSF JTJEFOUJGZJOHGFBUVSFTPG-&$T GPSXIJDIUIFJODMVTJPOPGNPCJMF
5IJTDPODMVTJPOJTTVQQPSUFECZUIF4&.UPQWJFXNJDSPHSBQIT JPOTJOUPUIFBDUJWFNBUFSJBMJTBSFRVJSFEGFBUVSF.PSFTQFDJGJDBMMZ
PG UIF 1F2% GJMNT JO 'JHT 4 E o4 G JO UIF &4. XIJDI TIPX EVSJOH UIF JOJUJBM TUBHF PG -&$ PQFSBUJPO UIF NPCJMF JPOT JO UIF
UIBUUIF1F2%GJMNBQQFBSTNPTUEFOTF XIJMFUIF1F2%GJMN BDUJWF NBUFSJBM SFEJTUSJCVUF VOEFS UIF GPSNBUJPO PG FMFDUSJDBM
JT MFBTU EFOTF BOE BMTP GFBUVSFT B SFMBUJWFMZ MBSHF OVNCFS PG PQFO EPVCMFMBZFST &%-T BUUIFFMFDUSPEFJOUFSGBDFT XIJDIGBDJMJUBUFGPS
WPJET"UPNJDGPSDFNJDSPTDPQZ "'. JNBHFTPGUIFTBNF1F2% FGGJDJFOU BOE CBMBODFE JOKFDUJPO PG FMFDUSPOT BOE IPMFT <> 5IF
UIJOGJMNTBSFEJTQMBZFEJO'JHT4 H o4 J JOUIF&4. BOEUIFZ JOJUJBMMZJOKFDUFEFMFDUSPOTBOEIPMFTBSFDPNQFOTBUFECZBGVSUIFS
EFNPOTUSBUFUIBUUIFEFOTFSUIFGJMNUIFTNPPUIFSUIFTVSGBDF BT SFEJTUSJCVUJPOPGUIFNPCJMFJPOT TPUIBUUIFBDUJWFNBUFSJBMJTO
RVBOUJGJFE CZ UIBU UIF SPPU NFBO TRVBSF  3.4 WBMVF GPS UIF UZQFEPQFEBUUIFDBUIPEFBOEQUZQFEPQFEBUUIFBOPEF"GUFSB
TVSGBDFSPVHIOFTT PWFSBϪN¨ϪNBSFB JODSFBTFEGSPN UVSOPO UJNF B QoO KVODUJPO TUSVDUVSF IBT GPSNFE JO UIF BDUJWF
ONGPS1F2% PWFSONGPS1F2% UPSFBDIONGPS NBUFSJBMBOEDPOTFRVFOUMZMJHIUFNJUUFE BTJMMVTUSBUFECZ'JH4
1F2% 5IVT JU BQQFBST BT UIPVHI BO JODSFBTJOH EFOTJUZ PG JOUIF&4.<o>
DBQQJOHMJHBOETJTDPODPNJUBOUXJUIBSPVHIFSTVSGBDF< > *UJTJOUFSFTUJOHUIBUOPFYUFSOBMNPCJMFJPOT JF OPFMFDUSPMZUF
'JHVSF B QSFTFOUTBTDIFNBUJDUIBUTVNNBSJ[FTTPNFPGPVS IBE UP CF BEEFE UP UIF BDUJWF NBUFSJBM JO PVS JOWFTUJHBUFE UXP
LFZ TUSVDUVSBM GJOEJOHT PO UIF UISFF 1F2% GJMNT 1F2% FMFDUSPEFEFWJDFT CVUUIBUUIFEFWJDFOFWFSUIFMFTTQFSGPSNFEBTBO
DPNQSJTFT UIF EFOTFTU MJHBOE DPWFSBHF JO UIF GPSN PG B -&$ < o> *O GBDU UIF 1F2% EFWJDF EFMJWFSFE B RVJUF
DPNCJOBUJPOPG%%"# UIFNBKPSJUZDPNQPOFOU BOE05"$ UIF SFTQFDUBCMFFNJTTJPOQFSGPSNBODFJOUIFGPSNPGBGBTUUVSOPOPG
‫ڀ‬

www.theNanoResearch.com | www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano Research


10630 Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633

(a)
‫ڀ‬
‫ڀ‬

PeQD-1 PeQD-2 PeQD-3


d d d

Tuning Tuning

PeQD core DDAB OTAc

(b) PeQD-1 (c) PeQD-1


PeQD-2 160 PeQD-2

Luminance (cd/m2)
5 PeQD-3 PeQD-3
Voltage (V)

Al 120
PeQDs
PEDOT:PSS 80
4
ITO

40

3 0
0 25 50 75 100 0 25 50 75 100
Times (s) Times (s)
'JHVSF‫ڀڀ‬4DIFNBUJDJMMVTUSBUJPOBOEEFWJDFQFSGPSNBODFDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOT B 4DIFNBUJDJMMVTUSBUJPOPGUIFUZQFBOETVSGBDFEFOTJUZPGUIFDBQQJOHMJHBOETPOUIFUISFF
EJGGFSFOU1F2%GJMNTBOEUIFDPSFTUBDLJOHEJTUBODFJOOFBUGJMNT C BOE D 5IFUFNQPSBMFWPMVUJPOPGUIFWPMUBHFBOEUIFMVNJOBODFPG*501&%051441F2%T"M
EFWJDFTEVSJOHESJWJOHCZBDPOTUBOUDVSSFOUEFOTJUZPGN"DN5IFEFWJDFTUSVDUVSFJTEFQJDUFEJOUIFJOTFUPG C 

BGFXTFDPOETUPCSJHIUMVNJOBODFBOEBQFBLMVNJOBODFPG $IFNJDBM*OEVTUSZ BOENNPMPG50"#  4JHNB"MESJDI


DEDN BU  7 EVSJOH DPOTUBOUDVSSFOU ESJWJOH  'JHT  C  BOE XFSF BEEFE UP  N- PG UPMVFOF  BOIZESPVT  4JHNB
 D BOE B QPXFS DPOWFSTJPO FGGJDJFODZ PG  MN8 EVSJOH "MESJDI GPS UIF i1C#SBOE50"#JOUPMVFOF EJTQFSTJPOw 
DPOTUBOUWPMUBHF ESJWJOH  'JH4 JO UIF &4.  5IF IJHIFTU QFBL NNPMPG%%"#  4JHNB"MESJDI XBTEJTTPMWFEJON-PG
MVNJOBODF PG  DEDN BU  7 XBT NFBTVSFE CZ ESJWJOH UIF UPMVFOFGPSUIFi%%"#JOUPMVFOFTPMVUJPOwN-PGUIF$T$0
1F2% EFWJDF XJUI B WPMUBHF SBNQ  'JH4 B BOE 5BCMF 4 JO JO05"DTPMVUJPOXBTTXJGUMZJOKFDUFEJOUPN-PGUIF1C#SBOE
UIF&4. "EFWJDFQFSGPSNBODFTVNNBSZJODMVEJOHPVSDVSSFOU 50"#JOUPMVFOF TPMVUJPO "GUFS UIF CMFOE TPMVUJPO IBE CFFO
XPSLBOEPUIFSXPSLTQSFWJPVTMZSFQPSUFEJTMJTUFEJO5BCMF4JO WJHPSPVTMZ TUJSSFE GPS  T  N- PG UIF %%"#JOUPMVFOF
UIF&4.5IVT JUJTQPTTJCMFUPVUJMJ[FUIFJPOMJCFSBUJPOGSPNUIF TPMVUJPOXBTBEEFE XIFSFBGUFSUIFSFBDUJPOXBTNBJOUBJOFEGPS
1F2%T GPS UIF SFBMJ[BUJPO PG B GVODUJPOBM BOE FYUSFNFMZ TJNQMF NJON-PGBOUJTPMWFOUFUIZMBDFUBUF BOIZESPVT  4JHNB
-&$ EFWJDF TUSVDUVSF XIJDI EPFT OPU EFQFOE PO UIF BEEJUJPO PG "MESJDI XBT BEEFE UP UIF DSVEF EJTQFSTJPO JO B WPMVNF SBUJP PG
BOFYUFSOBMFMFDUSPMZUF 5IFCMFOEEJTQFSTJPOXBTDFOUSJGVHFEBU SQNGPSNJO
BOE UIF DPMMFDUFE QSFDJQJUBUFT XFSF EJTQFSTFE JO UPMVFOF
‫ڀڀڀڀ‬$PODMVTJPOT
‫ڀ‬
BOIZESPVT  4JHNB"MESJDI  5IJT SFTVMUFE JO UIF
BUUBJONFOUPG1F2%5IJTTBNFQPTUUVOJOHUSFBUNFOUSFQFBUFE
8FSFQPSUPOUIFTZOUIFTJTBOEDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPOPGUISFFEJGGFSFOU BTFDPOEUJNFGPSUIFBUUBJONFOUPG1F2%BOEBUIJSEUJNFGPS
1F2%T GFBUVSJOH UIF TBNF DVCJD $T1C#S DPSF CVU XIJDI BSF UIF QSFQBSBUJPO PG 1F2% 5IF GJOBM 1F2% TBNQMFT XFSF FJUIFS
EJTUJOHVJTIFE CZ UIF MJHBOE DPNQPTJUJPO BOE EFOTJUZ 1F2% EJTQFSTFE JO UPMVFOF GPS GVSUIFS NFBTVSFNFOUT PS QSPDFTTJOH PS
GFBUVSFT B CJOBSZ %%"# BOE 05"D DBQQJOH MJHBOE XJUI B IJHI ESJFEPVUBTQPXEFSTGPSGVSUIFSDIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO
TVSGBDF EFOTJUZ PG  ON¦ XIFSFBT 1F2% BOE 1F2% BSF
DPBUFECZTPMFMZ%%"#BUBMPXFSTVSGBDFEFOTJUZPGBOE 4.2 Characterization
ON¦ SFTQFDUJWFMZ 8F TIPX UIBU 1F2% FOEPXFE XJUI IJHIFTU
5IF 5&. JNBHFT XFSF DBQUVSFE XJUI B '&* 5BMPT -$
MJHBOEEFOTJUZGFBUVSFTUIFIJHIFTUEJTQFSTJCJMJUZJOUPMVFOFPG
H- UIFIJHIFTU1-2:PGJOEJMVUFTPMVUJPOBOEJOBOFBU 5IFSNP4DJFOUJGJD 5IF93%EBUBXFSFSFDPSEFEXJUIBO9
GJMN BOE UIF MBSHFTU DPSFUPDPSF TQBDJOH JO OFBU UIJO GJMNT 8F SBZ EJGGSBDUPNFUFS  9h1FSU© 1PXEFS 1"/BMZUJDBM  5IF 914
BMTPFTUBCMJTIUIBUJPOTBSFMJCFSBUFEGSPNUIF1F2%DPSF EFTQJUF TQFDUSB XFSF DPMMFDUFE XJUI B TQFDUSPNFUFS  "YJT 6MUSB %-%
UIBU JU GFBUVSFT B EFOTF DPBUJOH PG POF DBQQJOH MJHBOE QFS GPVS ,SBUPT BOE B NPOPDISPNBUJD "M ,ћTPVSDF IѧF7 
TVSGBDFDPSFBUPNT8FGJOBMMZFYQMPJUUIFTFGJOEJOHTUISPVHIUIF 5IF BCTPSQUJPO BOE 1- TQFDUSB XFSF SFDPSEFE XJUI B
EFWFMPQNFOUPGBMJHIUFNJUUJOHFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMDFMM DPNQSJTJOHB VMUSBWJPMFUoWJTJCMF  67oWJT TQFDUSPQIPUPNFUFS  -BNCEB 
TPMVUJPOQSPDFTTFE OFBU 1F2% MBZFS BT JUT TJOHMFMBZFS BDUJWF 1FSLJO&MNFS BOE B GMVPSFTDFODF TQFDUSPNFUFS  -4
NBUFSJBM XIJDIVUJMJ[FTUIJTJPOSFMFBTFGPSJUTFMFDUSPDIFNJDBMBOE 1FSLJO&MNFS SFTQFDUJWFMZ 5IF 1-2: XBT NFBTVSFE XJUI B
FGGJDJFOUFNJTTJWFPQFSBUJPO TQFDUSPNFUFS $( )BNBNBUTV1IPUPOJDT FRVJQQFEXJUI
BOJOUFHSBUJOHTQIFSF VTJOHONBTUIFFYDJUBUJPOXBWFMFOHUI
5IF '5*3 TQFDUSB XFSF SFDPSEFE XJUI BO '5*3 TQFDUSPNFUFS
‫ڀڀڀڀ‬.FUIPET
7FSUFYW'5*3 #SVLFS FRVJQQFEXJUIB%5(4BOEBO.$5
‫ڀ‬

EFUFDUPS 5IF "'. JNBHFT XFSF SFDPSEFE XJUI BO "'.


4.1 PeQD synthesis NJDSPTDPQF  .VMUJ.PEF 41. NJDSPTDPQF FRVJQQFE XJUI B
NNPMPG$T$0  4JHNB"MESJDI XBTEJTTPMWFEJO /BOPTDPQF *7 $POUSPMMFS 7FFDP .FUSPMPHZ VOEFS BNCJFOU
N- 05"D   783 *OUFSOBUJPOBM GPS UIF GPSNBUJPO PG UIF DPOEJUJPOT 5IF 4&. JNBHFT XFSF SFDPSEFE XJUI BO '&* EVBM
i$T$0JO05"D TPMVUJPOw  NNPM PG 1C#S  5PLZP CFBNGPDVTFEJPOCFBNTDBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQZ '*#4&.
‫ڀ‬

| www.editorialmanager.com/nare/default.asp
Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633 10631
‫ڀ‬

4DJPT 5IFSNP4DJFOUJGJD  JOEJDBUFE PUIFSXJTF JO B DSFEJU MJOF UP UIF NBUFSJBM *G NBUFSJBM JT
OPUJODMVEFEJOUIFBSUJDMFT$SFBUJWF$PNNPOTMJDFODFBOEZPVS
4.3 Device fabrication and characterization JOUFOEFE VTF JT OPU QFSNJUUFE CZ TUBUVUPSZ SFHVMBUJPO PS FYDFFET
5IF*50DPBUFEHMBTTTVCTUSBUFT ͙TR 5IJO'JMN%FWJDFT 64 UIF QFSNJUUFE VTF ZPV XJMM OFFE UP PCUBJO QFSNJTTJPO EJSFDUMZ
XFSF TFRVFOUJBMMZ DMFBOFE XJUI EJMVUFE EFUFSHFOU  &YUSBO ."  GSPNUIFDPQZSJHIUIPMEFS
4JHNB"MESJDI EFJPOJ[FE XBUFS BDFUPOF BOE QSPQBOPM 5IFZ 5P WJFX B DPQZ PG UIJT MJDFODF WJTJU IUUQDSFBUJWFDPNNPOT
XFSF UIFSFBGUFS USFBUFE CZ 67P[POF GPS  NJO CFGPSF B PSHMJDFOTFTCZ
1&%05144 EJTQFSTJPO  $MFWJPT 1 71 "*  )FSBFVT GJMUFSFE
UISPVHIBϪNGJMUFS XBTTQJODPBUFEPOUPUIF*50TVSGBDFBU 3FGFSFODFT ‫ڀ‬

SQNGPST5IF1&%05144GJMNTXFSFESJFEBU¡$GPS
[1] Mei, X. Y.; Jia, D. L.; Chen, J. X.; Zheng, S. Y.; Zhang, X. L.
NJO BOEUIFJSESZUIJDLOFTTXBTNFBTVSFEUPCFON5IF
‫ڀ‬

Approaching high-performance light-emitting devices upon


1F2%EJTQFSTJPOXBTTQJODPBUFEPOUPQPGUIF1&%05144MBZFS perovskite quantum dots: advances and prospects. Nano Today 2022,
BUSQNGPST BOEUIFSFBGUFSESJFEBU¡$GPSNJO"M 43, 101449.
DBUIPEFXBTEFQPTJUFEPOUIF1F2%MBZFSCZUIFSNBMFWBQPSBUJPO [2] Dey, A.; Ye, J. Z.; De, A.; Debroye, E.; Ha, S. K.; Bladt, E.;
‫ڀ‬

BUBQSFTTVSF¨¦1B5IFMJHIUFNJUUJOHBSFBXBTDN¨ Kshirsagar, A. S.; Wang, Z. Y.; Yin, J.; Wang, Y. et al. State of the
 DN BT EFGJOFE CZ UIF PWFSMBQ PG UIF *50 BOPEF BOE UIF "M art and prospects for halide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2021,
DBUIPEF"MMDIFNJDBMTBOETPMWFOUTXFSFVTFEBTSFDFJWFEXJUIPVU 15, 10775–10981.
GVSUIFS QVSJGJDBUJPO 5IF EFWJDFT XFSF DIBSBDUFSJ[FE XJUI B [3] Liu, L.; Najar, A.; Wang, K.; Du, M. Y.; Liu, S. Z. Perovskite
‫ڀ‬

DPNQVUFSDPOUSPMMFE TPVSDFNFBTVSF VOJU  "HJMFOU 6" BOE quantum dots in solar cells. Adv. Sci. 2022, 9, 2104577.
B DBMJCSBUFE QIPUPEJPEF FRVJQQFE XJUI BO FZFSFTQPOTF GJMUFS [4] Nannen, E.; Frohleiks, J.; Gellner, S. Light-emitting electrochemical
‫ڀ‬

)BNBNBUTV 1IPUPOJDT DPOOFDUFE UP B EBUB BDRVJTJUJPO DBSE cells based on color-tunable inorganic colloidal quantum dots. Adv.
Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1907349.
/BUJPOBM *OTUSVNFOUT 64# WJB B DVSSFOUUPWPMUBHF
[5] Tang, X. S.; Hu, Z. P.; Chen, W. W.; Xing, X.; Zang, Z. G.; Hu, W.;
BNQMJGJFS"MMPGUIFBCPWFQSPDFEVSFT XJUIUIFFYDFQUJPOGPSUIF
‫ڀ‬

Qiu, J.; Du, J.; Leng, Y. X.; Jiang, X. F. et al. Room temperature
DMFBOJOH PG UIF TVCTUSBUFT BOE UIF DPBUJOH PG 1&%05144 XFSF single-photon emission and lasing for all-inorganic colloidal
DBSSJFEPVUJOUXPJOUFSDPOOFDUFE/GJMMFEHMPWFCPYFT <0> perovskite quantum dots. Nano Energy 2016, 28, 462–468.
QQN <)0>QQN  [6] Protesescu, L.; Yakunin, S.; Bodnarchuk, M. I.; Krieg, F.; Caputo,
‫ڀ‬

R.; Hendon, C. H.; Yang, R. X.; Walsh, A.; Kovalenko, M. V.


"DLOPXMFEHFNFOUT
‫ڀ‬
Nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br,
and I): novel optoelectronic materials showing bright emission with
5IF BVUIPST BDLOPXMFEHF HFOFSPVT TVQQPSU GSPN + $ ,FNQFT wide color gamut. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 3692–3696.
.JOOFT 4UJQFOEJFGPOE  /P 4.,  UIF 4XFEJTI [7] Song, J. Z.; Li, J. H.; Li, X. M.; Xu, L. M.; Dong, Y. H.; Zeng, H. B.
‫ڀ‬

&OFSHZ"HFODZ /PT  BOE UIF4XFEJTI Quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on inorganic perovskite
3FTFBSDI $PVODJM  /PT   BOE  cesium lead halides (CsPbX3). Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 7162–7167.
 UIF 4XFEJTI 'PVOEBUJPO GPS 4USBUFHJD 3FTFBSDI 4UJGUFMTFO [8] Wei, C. T.; Su, W. M.; Li, J. T.; Xu, B.; Shan, Q. S.; Wu, Y.; Zhang,
‫ڀ‬

0MMF &OHLWJTU #ZHHNÊTUBSF  /PT  BOE  #FSUJM F. J.; Luo, M. M.; Xiang, H. Y.; Cui, Z. et al. A universal ternary-
 #SJUU 4WFOTTPOT TUJGUFMTF GÚS CFMZTOJOHTUFLOJL UIF 4XFEJTI solvent-ink strategy toward efficient inkjet-printed perovskite
'PVOEBUJPO GPS *OUFSOBUJPOBM $PPQFSBUJPO JO 3FTFBSDI )JHIFS quantum dot light-emitting diodes. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2107798.
&EVDBUJPO WJB BO *OJUJBUJPO (SBOU GPS *OUFSOBUJPOBMJ[BUJPO  /P [9] Li, X. W.; Ma, W.; Liang, D. H.; Cai, W. S.; Zhao, S. Y.; Zang, Z.
‫ڀ‬

 *OOPWBUJPO5FDIOPMPHZ1MBUGPSN1SPKFDU+PJOUMZ#VJMU G. High-performance CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6/SiO2 nanocrystals via


CZ :BOH[IPV $JUZ BOE :BOH[IPV 6OJWFSTJUZ $IJOB  /P double coating layers for white light emission and visible light
:; BOE +JBOHTV 4UVEFOUT *OOPWBUJPO BOE communication. eScience 2022, 2, 646–654.
&OUSFQSFOFVSTIJQ 5SBJOJOH 1SPHSBN  /P ;  8F [10] Kojima, A.; Teshima, K.; Shirai, Y.; Miyasaka, T. Organometal
‫ڀ‬

HSBUFGVMMZBDLOPXMFEHF$IFOH$IPP-GPS4&. FOFSHZEJTQFSTJWF halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells.


TQFDUSPTDPQZ BOE 5&. DIBSBDUFSJ[BUJPO BOE IFMQGVM EJTDVTTJPO J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6050–6051.
"OESBT ( GPS '5*3 NFBTVSFNFOU "OESFZ 4 GPS UIF 914 [11] Fu, S.; Li, X. D.; Wan, L.; Zhang, W. X.; Song, W. J.; Fang, J. F.
‫ڀ‬

NFBTVSFNFOU BOE 3PVTIEFZ 4 GPS BTTJTUBODF XJUI UIF 93% Effective surface treatment for high-performance inverted CsPbI2Br
NFBTVSFNFOU perovskite solar cells with efficiency of 15.92%. Nano-Micro Lett.
2020, 12, 170.
[12] Yang, J.; Kang, W.; Liu, Z. Z.; Pi, M. Y.; Luo, L. B.; Li, C.; Lin, H.;
'VOEJOH OPUF‫ڀڀ‬0QFO "DDFTT GVOEJOH QSPWJEFE CZ 6NFÌ
‫ڀ‬

Luo, Z. T.; Du, J.; Zhou, M. et al. High-performance deep ultraviolet


‫ڀ‬

6OJWFSTJUZ photodetector based on a one-dimensional lead-free halide


perovskite CsCu2I3 film with high stability. J. Phys. Chem. Lett.
&MFDUSPOJD 4VQQMFNFOUBSZ .BUFSJBM‫ڀڀ‬4VQQMFNFOUBSZ NBUFSJBM
‫ڀ‬

2020, 11, 6880–6886.


TJ[F EJTUSJCVUJPO 93% EBUB 914 DBQQJOH MJHBOE EFOTJUJFT [13] Li, C. L.; Zang, Z. G.; Han, C.; Hu, Z. P.; Tang, X. S.; Du, J.; Leng,
‫ڀ‬

QIPUPHSBQIT NPSQIPMPHZ &- TQFDUSB UFNQPSBM FWPMVUJPO PG Y. X.; Sun, K. Highly compact CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films
1F2%9 -&$ PQFSBUJPO NFDIBOJTN BOE DPNQBSBUJWF decorated by ZnO nanoparticles for enhanced random lasing. Nano
QFSGPSNBODFT JT BWBJMBCMF JO UIF POMJOF WFSTJPO PG UIJT BSUJDMF BU Energy 2017, 40, 195–202.
IUUQTEPJPSHTZ [14] Tan, Z. K.; Moghaddam, R. S.; Lai, M. L.; Docampo, P.; Higler, R.;
‫ڀ‬

Deschler, F.; Price, M.; Sadhanala, A.; Pazos, L. M.; Credgington,


D. et al. Bright light-emitting diodes based on organometal halide
0QFO "DDFTT 5IJT BSUJDMF JT MJDFOTFE VOEFS B $SFBUJWF $PNNPOT
perovskite. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 687–692.
"UUSJCVUJPO*OUFSOBUJPOBM-JDFOTF XIJDIQFSNJUTVTF TIBSJOH
[15] Song, J. Z.; Fang, T.; Li, J. H.; Xu, L. M.; Zhang, F. J.; Han, B. N.;
BEBQUBUJPO EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE SFQSPEVDUJPO JO BOZ NFEJVN PS
‫ڀ‬

Shan, Q. S.; Zeng, H. B. Organic–inorganic hybrid passivation


GPSNBU BT MPOH BT ZPV HJWF BQQSPQSJBUF DSFEJU UP UIF PSJHJOBM enables perovskite QLEDs with an EQE of 16.48%. Adv. Mater.
BVUIPS T BOEUIFTPVSDF QSPWJEFBMJOLUPUIF$SFBUJWF$PNNPOT 2018, 30, 1805409.
MJDFODF BOEJOEJDBUFJGDIBOHFTXFSFNBEF [16] Pan, J.; Quan, L. N.; Zhao, Y. B.; Peng, W.; Murali, B.; Sarmah, S.
‫ڀ‬

5IF JNBHFT PS PUIFS UIJSE QBSUZ NBUFSJBM JO UIJT BSUJDMF BSF P.; Yuan, M. J.; Sinatra, L.; Alyami, N. M.; Liu, J. K. et al. Highly
JODMVEFE JO UIF BSUJDMFT $SFBUJWF $PNNPOT MJDFODF VOMFTT efficient perovskite-quantum-dot light-emitting diodes by surface
‫ڀ‬

www.theNanoResearch.com | www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano Research


10632 Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633
‫ڀ‬

engineering. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 8718–8725. [33] Sigma-Aldrich. IR spectrum table & chart. 2021.
‫ڀ‬

[17] Dong, Y. T.; Wang, Y. K.; Yuan, F. L.; Johnston, A.; Liu, Y.; Ma,
‫ڀ‬
[34] Imran, M.; Ijaz, P.; Goldoni, L.; Maggioni, D.; Petralanda, U.; Prato,
‫ڀ‬

D. X.; Choi, M. J.; Chen, B.; Chekini, M.; Baek, S. W. et al. Bipolar- M.; Almeida, G.; Infante, I.; Manna, L. Simultaneous cationic and
shell resurfacing for blue LEDs based on strongly confined anionic ligand exchange for colloidally stable CsPbBr3 nanocrystals.
perovskite quantum dots. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2020, 15, 668–674. ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 819–824.
[18] Wang, Y. K.; Yuan, F. L.; Dong, Y. T.; Li, J. Y.; Johnston, A.; Chen,
‫ڀ‬
[35] Chen, K. Q.; Zhong, Q. H.; Chen, W.; Sang, B. H.; Wang, Y. W.;
‫ڀ‬

B.; Saidaminov, M. I.; Zhou, C.; Zheng, X. P.; Hou, Y. et al. All- Yang, T. Q.; Liu, Y. L.; Zhang, Y. P.; Zhang, H. Short-chain ligand-
inorganic quantum-dot LEDs based on a phase-stabilized α-CsPbI3 passivated stable α-CsPbI3 quantum dot for all-inorganic perovskite
perovskite. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 16164–16170. solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1900991.
[19] Lu, M.; Guo, J.; Sun, S. Q.; Lu, P.; Wu, J. L.; Wang, Y.; Kershaw, S.
‫ڀ‬ [36] Almeida, G.; Ashton, O. J.; Goldoni, L.; Maggioni, D.; Petralanda,
‫ڀ‬

V.; Yu, W. W.; Rogach, A. L.; Zhang, Y. Bright CsPbI3 perovskite U.; Mishra, N.; Akkerman, Q. A.; Infante, I.; Snaith, H. J.; Manna,
quantum dot light-emitting diodes with top-emitting structure and a L. The phosphine oxide route toward lead halide perovskite
low efficiency roll-off realized by applying zirconium nanocrystals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 14878–14886.
acetylacetonate surface modification. Nano Lett. 2020, 20, [37] Chen, W. W.; Tang, X. S.; Wangyang, P. H.; Yao, Z. Q.; Zhou, D.;
‫ڀ‬

2829–2836. Chen, F. G.; Li, S. Q.; Lin, H.; Zeng, F. J.; Wu, D. F. et al. Surface-
[20] Kim, J. S.; Heo, J. M.; Park, G. S.; Woo, S. J.; Cho, C.; Yun, H. J.;
‫ڀ‬
passivated cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots: toward
Kim, D. H.; Park, J.; Lee, S. C.; Park, S. H. et al. Ultra-bright, efficient light-emitting diodes with an inverted sandwich structure.
efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nature 2022, Adv. Opt. Mater. 2018, 6, 1800007.
611, 688–694. [38] Chiba, T.; Hoshi, K.; Pu, Y. J.; Takeda, Y.; Hayashi, Y.; Ohisa, S.;
‫ڀ‬

[21] Song, J. Z.; Li, J. H.; Xu, L. M.; Li, J. H.; Zhang, F. J.; Han, B. N.;
‫ڀ‬
Kawata, S.; Kido, J. High-efficiency perovskite quantum-dot light-
Shan, Q. S.; Zeng, H. B. Room-temperature triple-ligand surface emitting devices by effective washing process and interfacial energy
engineering synergistically boosts ink stability, recombination level alignment. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 18054–18060.
dynamics, and charge injection toward EQE-11.6% perovskite [39] Sun, S. B.; Yuan, D.; Xu, Y.; Wang, A. F.; Deng, Z. T. Ligand-
‫ڀ‬

QLEDs. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800764. mediated synthesis of shape-controlled cesium lead halide perovskite
[22] Liu, Z.; Qiu, W. D.; Peng, X. M.; Sun, G. W.; Liu, X. Y.; Liu, D. H.;
‫ڀ‬
nanocrystals via reprecipitation process at room temperature. ACS
Li, Z. C.; He, F. R.; Shen, C. Y.; Gu, Q. et al. Perovskite light- Nano 2016, 10, 3648–3657.
emitting diodes with EQE exceeding 28% through a synergetic dual- [40] Nie, B. N.; Stutzman, J.; Xie, A. H. A vibrational spectral maker for
‫ڀ‬

additive strategy for defect passivation and nanostructure regulation. probing the hydrogen-bonding status of protonated Asp and Glu
Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2103268. residues. Biophys. J. 2005, 88, 2833–2847.
[23] Li, J. H.; Xu, L. M.; Wang, T.; Song, J. Z.; Chen, J. W.; Xue, J.;
‫ڀ‬ [41] Kulbak, M.; Gupta, S.; Kedem, N.; Levine, I.; Bendikov, T.; Hodes,
‫ڀ‬

Dong, Y. H.; Cai, B.; Shan, Q. S.; Han, B. N. et al. 50-Fold EQE G.; Cahen, D. Cesium enhances long-term stability of lead bromide
improvement up to 6.27% of solution-processed all-inorganic perovskite-based solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 167–172.
perovskite CsPbBr3 QLEDs via surface ligand density control. Adv. [42] Li, G. P.; Huang, J. S.; Zhu, H. W.; Li, Y. Q.; Tang, J. X.; Jiang, Y.
‫ڀ‬

Mater. 2017, 29, 1603885. Surface ligand engineering for near-unity quantum yield inorganic
[24] Yang, D. D.; Li, X. M.; Zhou, W. H.; Zhang, S. L.; Meng, C. F.; Wu,
‫ڀ‬
halide perovskite QDs and high-performance QLEDs. Chem. Mater.
Y.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, H. B. CsPbBr3 quantum dots 2.0: 2018, 30, 6099–6107.
benzenesulfonic acid equivalent ligand awakens complete [43] Krieg, F.; Ochsenbein, S. T.; Yakunin, S.; Ten Brinck, S.; Aellen, P.;
‫ڀ‬

purification. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1900767. Süess, A.; Clerc, B.; Guggisberg, D.; Nazarenko, O.; Shynkarenko,
[25] de Roo, J.; Ibáñez, M.; Geiregat, P.; Nedelcu, G.; Walravens, W.;
‫ڀ‬
Y. et al. Colloidal CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals 2.0:
Maes, J.; Martins, J. C.; van Driessche, I.; Kovalenko, M. V.; Hens, zwitterionic capping ligands for improved durability and stability.
Z. Highly dynamic ligand binding and light absorption coefficient of ACS Energy Lett. 2018, 3, 641–646.
cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2016, 10, [44] Zhang, L. X.; Sun, X. P.; Song, Y. H.; Jiang, X. E.; Dong, S. J.;
‫ڀ‬

2071–2081. Wang, E. K. Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide lipid bilayer-


[26] Yan, D. D.; Zhao, S. Y.; Zhang, Y. B.; Wang, H. X.; Zang, Z. G.
‫ڀ‬
protected gold nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and self-
Highly efficient emission and high-CRI warm white light-emitting assembly. Langmuir 2006, 22, 2838–2843.
diodes from ligand-modified CsPbBr3 quantum dots. Opto-Electron. [45] Liu, F.; Ding, C.; Zhang, Y. H.; Ripolles, T. S.; Kamisaka, T.;
‫ڀ‬

Adv. 2022, 5, 200075. Toyoda, T.; Hayase, S.; Minemoto, T.; Yoshino, K.; Dai, S. Y. et al.
[27] Wang, H. Y.; Chen, Z.; Hu, J. C.; Yu, H. L.; Kuang, C. Y.; Qin, J. J.;
‫ڀ‬
Colloidal synthesis of air-stable alloyed CsSn1−xPbxI3 perovskite
Liu, X. J.; Lu, Y.; Fahlman, M.; Hou, L. T. et al. Dynamic nanocrystals for use in solar cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139,
redistribution of mobile ions in perovskite light-emitting diodes. 16708–16719.
Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2007596. [46] Benoit, D. N.; Zhu, H. G.; Lilierose, M. H.; Verm, R. A.; Ali, N.;
‫ڀ‬

[28] Zhang, H. M.; Lin, H.; Liang, C. J.; Liu, H.; Liang, J. L.; Zhao, Y.;
‫ڀ‬
Morrison, A. N.; Fortner, J. D.; Avendano, C.; Colvin, V. L.
Zhang, W. H.; Sun, M. J.; Xiao, W. K.; Li, H. et al. Measuring the grafting density of nanoparticles in solution by
Organic–inorganic perovskite light-emitting electrochemical cells analytical ultracentrifugation and total organic carbon analysis. Anal.
with a large capacitance. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 7226–7232. Chem. 2012, 84, 9238–9245.
[29] Puscher, B. M. D.; Aygüler, M. F.; Docampo, P.; Costa, R. D.
‫ڀ‬
[47] Di Stasio, F.; Imran, M.; Akkerman, Q. A.; Prato, M.; Manna, L.;
‫ڀ‬

Unveiling the dynamic processes in hybrid lead bromide perovskite Krahne, R. Reversible concentration-dependent photoluminescence
nanoparticle thin film devices. Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, quenching and change of emission color in CsPbBr3 nanowires and
1602283. nanoplatelets. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 2725–2729.
[30] Sakhatskyi, K.; John, R. A.; Guerrero, A.; Tsarev, S.; Sabisch, S.;
‫ڀ‬ [48] Yang, D. D.; Li, X. M.; Zeng, H. B. Surface chemistry of all
‫ڀ‬

Das, T.; Matt, G. J.; Yakunin, S.; Cherniukh, I.; Kotyrba, M. et al. inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals: passivation mechanism and
Assessing the drawbacks and benefits of ion migration in lead halide stability. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 5, 1701662.
perovskites. ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 3401–3414. [49] Yang, D. D.; Li, X. M.; Wu, Y.; Wei, C. T.; Qin, Z. Y.; Zhang, C. F.;
‫ڀ‬

[31] Kong, L. M.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, C. X.; Wang, L.; Wang, S.; Cao,
‫ڀ‬
Sun, Z. G.; Li, Y. L.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, H. B. Surface halogen
F.; Zhao, D. W.; Rogach, A. L.; Yang, X. Y. Stability of perovskite compensation for robust performance enhancements of CsPbX3
light-emitting diodes: existing issues and mitigation strategies related perovskite quantum dots. Adv. Opt. Mater. 2019, 7, 1900276.
to both material and device aspects. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2205217. [50] Koscher, B. A.; Swabeck, J. K.; Bronstein, N. D.; Alivisatos, A. P.
‫ڀ‬

[32] Liu, Y. F.; Tang, S.; Fan, J. P.; Gracia-Espino, E.; Yang, J. P.; Liu,
‫ڀ‬
Essentially trap-free CsPbBr3 colloidal nanocrystals by postsynthetic
X. J.; Kera, S.; Fahlman, M.; Larsen, C.; Wågberg, T. et al. Highly thiocyanate surface treatment. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139,
soluble CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots for solution-processed 6566–6569.
light-emission devices. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2021, 4, 1162–1174. [51] Liang, Z. Q.; Zhao, S. L.; Xu, Z.; Qiao, B.; Song, P. J.; Gao, D.; Xu,
‫ڀ‬

‫ڀ‬

| www.editorialmanager.com/nare/default.asp
Nano Res. 2023, 16(7): 10626–10633 10633
‫ڀ‬

X. R. Shape-controlled synthesis of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite [58] Matyba, P.; Maturova, K.; Kemerink, M.; Robinson, N. D.; Edman,
‫ڀ‬

nanocrystals with bright blue emission. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces L. The dynamic organic p–n junction. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 672–676.
2016, 8, 28824–28830. [59] Tang, S.; Sandström, A.; Lundberg, P.; Lanz, T.; Larsen, C.; van
‫ڀ‬

[52] Liu, Y. F.; Tang, X. S.; Zhu, T.; Deng, M.; Ikechukwu, I. P.; Huang,
‫ڀ‬
Reenen, S.; Kemerink, M.; Edman, L. Design rules for light-emitting
W.; Yin, G. L.; Bai, Y. Z.; Qu, D. R.; Huang, X. B. et al. All- electrochemical cells delivering bright luminance at 27.5 percent
inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots as a photoluminescent external quantum efficiency. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 1190.
probe for ultrasensitive Cu2+ detection. J. Mater. Chem. C 2018, 6, [60] Tang, S.; Lundberg, P.; Tsuchiya, Y.; Ràfols-Ribé, J.; Liu, Y. F.;
‫ڀ‬

4793–4799. Wang, J.; Adachi, C.; Edman, L. Efficient and bright blue thermally
[53] Zhang, T. K.; Wang, F.; Kim, H. B.; Choi, I. W.; Wang, C. F.; Cho,
‫ڀ‬

activated delayed fluorescence from light-emitting electrochemical


E.; Konefal, R.; Puttisong, Y.; Terado, K.; Kobera, L. et al. Ion- cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2205967.
modulated radical doping of spiro-OMeTAD for more efficient and [61] Liu, Y. F.; Tang, S.; Wu, X. Y.; Boulanger, N.; Gracia-Espino, E.;
‫ڀ‬

stable perovskite solar cells. Science 2022, 377, 495–501. Wågberg, T.; Edman, L.; Wang, J. Carbon nanodots: A metal-free,
[54] Arivazhagan, G.; Shanmugam, R.; Thenappan, T. Dielectric, FT-IR
‫ڀ‬

easy-to-synthesize, and benign emitter for light-emitting


and UV–vis spectroscopic studies on the fluid structure of electrochemical cells. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 5610–5618.
diisopropyl ether-caprylic acid mixture. J. Mol. Struct. 2011, 990, [62] Cheng, T.; Tumen-Ulzii, G.; Klotz, D.; Watanabe, S.; Matsushima,
‫ڀ‬

276–280. T.; Adachi, C. Ion migration-induced degradation and efficiency roll-


[55] Chowdhury, M. P.; Kundu, K.; Bardhan, S.; Kar, B.; Chakraborty,
‫ڀ‬
off in quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes. ACS Appl. Mater.
G.; Saha, S. K. Experimental and theoretical efforts to identify the Interfaces 2020, 12, 33004–33013.
microstructural transition of water to acetonitrile-based reverse [63] Eames, C.; Frost, J. M.; Barnes, P. R. F.; O’Regan, B. C.; Walsh, A.;
‫ڀ‬

micelle through binary compositions of polar solvents. Islam, M. S. Ionic transport in hybrid lead iodide perovskite solar
ChemistrySelect 2017, 2, 9760–9771. cells. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 7497.
[56] Tang, S.; Edman, L. Light-emitting electrochemical cells: a review
‫ڀ‬
[64] Andričević, P.; Mettan, X.; Kollár, M.; Náfrádi, B.; Sienkiewicz, A.;
‫ڀ‬

on recent progress. Top. Curr. Chem. 2016, 374, 40. Garma, T.; Rossi, L.; Forró, L.; Horváth, E. Light-emitting
[57] Bowler, M. H.; Mishra, A.; Adams, A. C.; Blangy, C. L. D.; Slinker,
‫ڀ‬
electrochemical cells of single crystal hybrid halide perovskite with
J. D. Circumventing dedicated electrolytes in light-emitting vertically aligned carbon nanotubes contacts. ACS Photonics 2019,
electrochemical cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1906715. 6, 967–975.

‫ڀ‬

www.theNanoResearch.com | www.Springer.com/journal/12274 | Nano Research

You might also like