SỞ GD & ĐT BÌNH ĐỊNH ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI KHU VỰC

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ

CHU VĂN AN LẦN THỨ XIV
Đề thi đề xuất
Năm học 2021-2022
( Đề thi gồm 21 trang) MÔN TIẾNG ANH- LỚP 11
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút

A. LISTENING (50 pts)

Part 1: For questions from 1-5, listen to a piece of news about the reasons why some World
Heritage sites are at risk, and decide whether the following statements are True (T) or
False (F). (10 pts)
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Mexico ranks sixth in the total number of UNESCO World Heritage sites.
2. Being recognized as a World Heritage site can have two-sided effects on the site chosen.
3. More than two thirds of heritage sites in the world are home to endangered species.
4. Cutting down trees for wood, getting underground minerals and developing fossil fuel are
activities that have negative impacts on natural sites.
5. Yoga, Turkish coffee and Belgium beer are on the verge of vanishing soon.
volume of noise inside.
Part 2: You will hear a conversation between a new student and a lecturer. For the
question 1 -5, answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
each answer. (10 pts)
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. When did the orientation meeting take place?
2. Who will give the group a mark according to its representative’s presentation?
3. What’s the main assessment of course?
4. Who can choose the topic of essay?
5. Where can students find their tutors’ names?
Part 3: You will hear a radio programme in which two people, Alison Kreel and David
Walsh, who each run a food business, are discussing the premises they share.
For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, c or D) which fits best according to what you
hear. (10 pts)
1. Alison and David agree that the market for quality food products________.
A is experiencing greater growth than ever.
B is becoming increasingly sophisticated.
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 C has a thirst for constant innovation.
D can only thrive in particular locations.
2. David thinks that the Siston building attracted funding easily because
_______________.
A it was considered the best way to start regenerating a run-down industrial area.
B it was less risky than financing individual entrepreneurs.
C it was thought it would give new food companies valuable support.
D it was part of a drive to increase local employment opportunities.
3. They both agree the main benefit of using a shared kitchen space is cost savings
and________________.
A being able to get advice from fellow entrepreneurs.
B being able to share marketing opportunities.
C having a supportive working environment.
D having access to top-of-the-range equipment and facilities.
4. How has Alison’s vision for her business changed since moving into the Siston building?
A She has realised that she needs to expand her range of products.
B She now sees that opening a shop and café would have been too risky,
C She has decided she prefers the idea of selling to small local businesses.
D She no longer thinks becoming a nationally recognised brand is achievable.
5. What advice would Alison and David give to any aspiring entrepreneur?
A Work out costs carefully.
B Don’t spend too much time planning.
C Get some relevant work experience.
D Don’t waste time on low margin products.
Part 4: Complete the notes below by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in the
spaces provided. (20 pts)
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
The Government plans to give (1)_______to assist the farmers. This money was to be spent on
improving Sydney’s (2) _________but has now been re-allocated. Australia has experienced its
worst drought in over (3) ______. Farmers say that the money will not help them because it
is (4) __________.
An aeroplane which was carrying a group of (5) ________ was forced to land
just (6) __________ minutes after take-off.

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The passengers were rescued by (7) _____________ The operation was helped because of the (8)
_______. The passengers thanked the (9) _________for saving their lives but unfortunately they
lost their (10)_____________.
B. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (30 pts)
Part 1: Choose the answer A, B, C or D that best completes each of the following sentence.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 pts)
1. The plague, otherwise known as the Black Death, was a .............. disease.
A. contingent B. contiguous C. contagious D. congenial
2. I was in a _______ as to what to do. If I told the truth, he would get into trouble, but if I said
nothing I would be more in trouble.
A. doubt B. quandary C. hitch D. complexity
3. The government needs to ______ businesses that have been trying to evade the tax.
A. put the screws on B. get into gear
C. put one over on D. wipe off the map
4. It is not definite that the company will accept our offer, but there's a ___________ chance so
there is no reason not to try.
A. sporting B. bragging C. pumping D. bubbling
5. A career in marketing has always been what she desires, so she just ___________herself in her
work.
A. immersed B. submerged C. engulfed D. dipped
6. I like both teaching and researching so the position of a professor in college is a kind of
halfway ___________ between the two for me.
A. house B. line C. road D. hunch
7. The Oscar winning actress simply _______charm and professionalism in her acceptance
speech.
A. exuded B. excluded C. expunged D. extricated
8. The boss was away, so his assistant had to .............. him and make a speech.
A. make off with B. do away with
C. stand in for D. take up on
9. Losing my job was ............... I never would have found this one if it hadn’t happened.
A. a bone to pick with B. a breath of fresh air
C. a bleeding heart D. a blessing in disguise
10. With the blistering pace of technological advancements in recent years, both workers
and employers have a myriad of choices, and ________ access to education.
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 A. exhaustive B. profuse C. bottomless D. unfettered
11. You could tell that she wasn’t happy about the news by the way she ________ her face in
disapproval.
A. crossed out B. blew up C. blacked out D. screwed up
12. Is it ironic when people ___________ glasses of wine and drink to each other's health?
A. splat B. clunk C. clank D. clink
13. Different from a misanthrope who has a hatred of people in general, Joey is more of
a___________ being distrustful of human goodness and sincerity.
A. pessimist B. tyrant C. cynic D. misogynist
14. When will you realise that it was your self-righteous and ___________ attitude that
prevented you from learning better ideas from other people?
A. fallow B. ghoulish C. bigoted D. conniving
15. I found the information for the project in the encyclopedia but I couldn't give ______and
verse on it.
A. chapter B. unit C. poem D. extract
16. Although there is some truth to the fact that Linux is a huge threat to Microsoft, predictions
of the Redmond company's demise are, ______, premature.
A. saying the most B. to say the least
C. to say the most D. to the least degree
17. __________ chair the meeting.
A. John was decided to B. It was decided that John should
C. There was decided that John should D. John had been decided to
18. Something _____ immediately to prevent teenagers from _____ in factories and mines.
A. should be done /being exploited B. we should do /exploiting
C. should do /be exploited D. should have done /exploited
19. If I________to date that guy, I'd be living in the lap of luxury now.
A. was accepting B. would accept C. accepted D.had accepted
20. The luxurious office accentuated the manager's position _________. It enhanced his power
and his sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small.
A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line
C. at the nipping post D. in the pecking order
Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in corresponding numbered boxes.
(10 pts)

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1. Safety tests on old cars have been ____________________ throughout Europe.
(STANDARD)
2. The Red Cross is sending emergency aid to the ____________________ country. (FAMINE)
3. When we catch up on the phone it's to discuss her latest short-lived conquest, the details of
which are usually colourful, sometimes ____________ and always entertaining. (TOE)
4. Not only are employees disenfranchised from most policy decisions, they lack even the power
to rebel against ___________ and tyrannical supervisors. (EGO)
5. The cold winter has led to a larger-than-expected ___________ on oil stocks. (DOWN)
6. The residences __________ by the deluge were built in a neighborhood known as El Cambray
II near the bottom of a ravine. (GULF)
7. Many architects pay lip service to the idea that good design can and should _________ the
lives of average people not blessed with bountiful wealth. (NOBLE)
8. Children from a(n) ____________________ background are statistically more likely to
become involved in crime. (PRIVILEGE)
9. Until now, there is hardly any measure to lessen the _________ regulation and taxation on
small businesses. (ONUS)
10. About $200 million in taxes weren’t paid because of ____________ income. (REPORT)
C. READING (60 pts)
Part 1: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only
ONE WORD for each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
(15 pts)
THE ISLAND WHERE DREAMS CAME TRUE
Ellis Island in New York – that extraordinary entrance to a new land and a new life which
received, processed and despatched millions of arriving immigrants between 1982 and 1924 –
has been turned (1) ________ a museum. (2) ________ lain derelict for years after its official
closure, the island’s huge purpose-built reception centre has been restored. It has become a place
of pilgrimage for the descendants of the desperate people who filed through its cavenous mail
hall to answer questions (3) _______ in the forms in whatever halting English (4) _______
processed.
To get to Ellis Island, you take a ferry from the southernmost tip of Manhattan. (5) _______ you
sail past the Statue of Liberty and pull up to the dock outside the enormous entrance to that
imposing reception building, it is impossible (6) _______ to reflect on (7) ________ it must have
locked to those hordes of people who clambered off the boats with their children clinging (8)
_____ them and their belongings packed into baskets and bags.
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It was only the poorest who had this experience. First and second class passengers were dealt
with by a far more civilized and expeditious system. (9) _______ that it was just third class and
steerage travellers who had to (10) ________ through the Ellis Island application and sifting
procedure, it is significant that 40 per cent of present-day Americans are descended from people
who were processed there on arrival in the US.
Part 2. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (10 pts)
Joanne scanned the area around her, her small frame straining above the pile of wood. She
had to wriggle her way through the wood and rubble. It did not matter where she tried, they were
all the same. The holes were too small and she used all her might to remove the obstacles,
pushing and shoving them out of the way, the noise ringing into the night. She was imprisoned.
The silence was a far cry from the explosion moments ago. Afraid to be heard, she tried to be as
quiet as possible. It was an impossible and ludicrous task. The destruction left behind by the men
was far greater than their numbers. Their goals had probably been achieved. Those who did not
escape were probably dead.
Telephone lines had been cut and lights had been shut off moments before the much
feared raids began. Except for the cut-off in communication, there was nothing to indicate that
the men would soon arrive. Under the cover of darkness, the more fortunate ones had managed to
escape. Those near the border climbed through the holes in the fence, to seek refuge in the
neighbouring country.
For weeks, the government had warned of an impending attack by the group. Initial
apprehension turned to fear when the expected day arrived. However, when nothing happened,
everyone thought that the government had made a mistake. After all, how often within that past
year had they failed to deliver what had been promised to the citizens. First, the new lands
promised to the farmers after the massive insect
attacks were insufficient and each farmer had to contend with land that was one third their
original size. Then, there was the promise of opening the economy to the international
community, allowing many to sell their handicraft overseas but this never materialised. The
people soon became angry as they were being deceived and complacency about the raids was
abounding in the community.
The environment was ripe for the triad attack. No one noticed the men ambling into the
town. What made their attack even more shocking was that the multitude of people returning
from work and sitting down to a meal did not even notice the seven men walking past their
windows. Military uniform had been a common sight in the town ever since the government’s
warning was announced. There was no need for these men to run or hide. No one had seen them.
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Joanne inched her foot out of a gap and half crawled, half walked ahead. Every step she took was
painful. Mounted up by the lack of water for hours, the pain in her leg was excruciating and the
more she walked, the more bodies she saw. Arms and legs were sticking out from under piles of
rubble and sometimes a lifeless face could be seen among the debris. Everyone she saw was
dead. Despite her situation, Joanne hoped that she would not be able to find any of her family
members.
Suddenly, she saw a movement among a pile of rubble. She ran the short distance
forward, glad for any sign of life in the place. What she saw spurred her on and she pushed aside
several pieces of wood and lifted an orange cloth, probably once a curtain. Groping about, she
managed to locate the little body and using all her might, dragged it out. The child could have
been more than five years old. He was covered in soot and his stomach heaved in and out in
agony. His eyes were shut and only his breathing told her that he was still alive.
Joanne carried the child over her shoulder and squinted in the darkness, trying to locate her
bearings. Her only hope was the border. Moments ago, she had wanted to forgo everything,
thinking that it was probably better to lie in the darkness until it eventually overcame her and the
feelings of loneliness would disappear. Now, she was encouraged to continue. If she could reach
the border, she would be able to get help. Looking around, she ran in the direction of what
looked like spots of bright yellow light.
1. What was causing “the noise” in the first paragraph?
A. Her small frame straining above the pile of wood.
B. Her wriggling through the wood and rubble.
C. Her pushing and shoving the obstacles out of the way.
D. The explosion heard moments ago.
2. Why were the lights “shut off” in the second paragraph?
A. It enabled the people to escape from the place.
B. It led them to the neighbouring country.
C. It warned the people of the coming raids.
D. It was shut inadvertently by the raiders.
3. The word “apprehension” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to …….
A. anxiety B. clairvoyance C. voidance D. incongruity
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _________
A. the government had yet to fail the people
B. the strange men were dressed in military uniform
C. the main target of the mentioned men was Joanne
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D. there were numerous indications of the men’s arrival
5. What spurred Joanne to remove the wood and orange cloth?
A. The child’s stomach which was moving.
B. The short distance between her and the child.
C. The vague sight of a family member.
D. The lifeless faces seen among the debris.
6. The word “excruciating” in the fourth paragraph can best be replaced by _________
A. painless B. discerning C. piercing D. powerful
7. What is not mentioned as a cause of the pain in Joanne’s walk?
A. Her leg was then in physical agony.
B. She saw numerous dead bodies.
C. She walked in fear of the men approaching.
D. She was in need of being hydrated.
8. Which did not happen before the raids began?
A. The people were cut off from the outside world.
B. Militarily dressed men entered the town.
C. The small frames strained above the wood.
D. The people saw massive insect attacks.
9. The word “bearings” in the last paragraph can be substituted by the term _________
A. whereabouts B. collocations C. managements D. strengths
10. What particular feeling led Joanne to the desire to “forgo everything” as mentioned in the
last paragraph?
A. The fright the shadows had given her.
B. The worry for her family members.
C. The fear that the men would come for her.
D. An intense feeling of loneliness.
Part 3: Read the text and do the tasks that follow (13 pts)
Can Hurricanes be Moderated or Diverted?
A Each year, massive swirling storms bringing along winds greater than 74 miles per hour wipe
across tropical oceans and land on shorelines—usually devastating vast swaths of territory.
When these roiling tempests strike densely inhabited territories, they have the power to kill
thousands and cause property damage worth of billions of dollars. Besides, absolutely nothing
stands in their way. But can we ever find a way to control these formidable forces of nature?

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B To see why hurricanes and other severe tropical storms may be susceptible to human
intervention, a researcher must first learn about their nature and origins. Hurricanes grow in the
form of thunderstorm clusters above the tropical seas. Oceans in low-latitude areas never stop
giving out heat and moisture to the atmosphere, which brings about warm, wet air above the sea
surface. When this kind of air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and
precipitation. Condensation gives out heat in the process the solar heat is used to evaporate the
water at the ocean surface. This so-called invisible heat of condensation makes the air more
buoyant, leading to it ascending higher while reinforcing itself in the feedback process. At last,
the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye -- the calm
centre hub that a hurricane spins around. When reaching the land, the hurricane no longer has a
continuous supply of warm water, which causes it to swiftly weaken.
C Our current studies are inspired by my past intuition when I was learning about chaos theory
30 years ago. The reason why long-range forecasting is complicated is that the atmosphere is
highly sensitive to small influences and tiny mistakes can compound fast in the
weatherforecasting models. However, this sensitivity also made me realise a possibility: if we
intentionally applied some slight inputs to a hurricane, we might create a strong influence that
could affect the storms, either by steering them away from densely populated areas or by slowing
them down. Back then, I was not able to test my ideas, but thanks to the advancement of
computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies over the last 10 years, I can now renew
my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control.
D To find out whether the sensitivity of the atmospheric system could be exploited to adjust such
robust atmospheric phenomena as hurricanes, our research team ran simulation experiments on
computers for a hurricane named Iniki that occurred in 1992. The current forecasting
technologies were far from perfect, so it took us by surprise that our first simulation turned out to
be an immediate success. With the goal of altering the path of Iniki in mind, we first picked the
spot where we wanted the storm to stop after six hours. Then we used this target to generate
artificial observations and put these into the computer model.
E The most significant alteration turned out to be the initial temperatures and winds. Usually, the
temperature changes across the grid were only tenths of a degree, but the most noteworthy
change, which was an increase of almost two degrees Celsius, took place in the lowest model
layer to the west of the storm centre. The calculations produced wind-speed changes of two or
three miles per hour. However, in several spots, the rates shifted by as much as 20 mph due to
minor redirections of the winds close to the storm’s centre. In terms of structure, the initial and
altered versions of Hurricane Iniki seemed almost the same, but the changes in critical variables
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were so substantial that the latter one went off the track to the west during the first six hours of
the simulation and then travelled due north, leaving Kauai untouched.
F Future earth-orbiting solar power stations, equipped with large mirrors to focus the sun’s rays
and panels of photovoltaic cells to gather and send energy to the Earth, might be adapted to beam
microwaves which turn to be absorbed by water vapour molecules inside or around the storm.
The microwaves would cause the water molecules to vibrate and heat up the surrounding air,
which then leads to the hurricane slowing down or moving in a preferred direction.
G Simulations of hurricanes conducted on a computer have implied that by changing the
precipitation, evaporation and air temperature, we could make a difference to a storm’s route or
abate its winds. Intervention could be in many different forms: exquisitely targeted clouds
bearing silver iodide or other rainfall-inducing elements might deprive a hurricane of the water it
needs to grow and multiply from its formidable eyewall, which is the essential characteristic of a
severe tropical storm.
Question 1-7
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each
paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 1-7 on
your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i Hurricanes in history
ii How hurricanes form
iii How a laboratory exercise re-routed a hurricane
iv Exciting ways to utilise future technologies
v Are hurricanes unbeatable?
vi Re-visiting earlier ideas
vii How lives might have been saved
viii A range of low-tech methods

1. Paragraph A …………….
2. Paragraph B …………….
3. Paragraph C …………….
4. Paragraph D …………….
5. Paragraph E …………….
6. Paragraph F …………….
7. Paragraph G …………….

Question 8 – 12 Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the
passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

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Hurricanes originate as groups of (8)___________ over the tropical oceans. (9) ________ seas
continuously provide heat and moisture to the atmosphere, producing warm, humid air above the
sea surface. When this air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and
precipitation. (10) _________releases heat—the solar heat it took to evaporate the water at the
ocean surface. This so-called latent (11) __________ of condensation makes the air more
buoyant, causing it to ascend still higher in a self-reinforcing feedback process. Eventually, the
tropical depression begins to organise and strengthen, forming the familiar (12) ________ - the
calm central hub around which a hurricane spins. On passing over (13) _________, the
hurricane’s sustaining source of warm water is cut off, which leads to the storm’s rapid
weakening.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13.

Part 4: You are going to read an abstract from an autobiography. Seven paragraphs have
been removed from the text. Choose A- H which best fits 1-7. There is one extra paragraph
which you do not need to use. (7 pts)

EILBECK THE FEATURES EDITOR

I quickly got the hang of working at the Mirror. Every morning at eleven we would be expected
to cram into Eilbeck’s little office for a features conference, when we either had to come up with
ideas of our own or suffer ideas to be thrust upon US. Some of Eilbeck’s own offerings were
bizarre to say the least, but he did get results. I had got an inkling of his creative thinking during
my initial interview when he had invited me to match his scrawled impromptu headline with a
feature.
1

Some of these brainstorms came off the day’s news, some off the wall. About half the ideas
worked, a few of them spectacularly. Following a spate of shootings, Eilbeck scrawled ‘THIS
GUN FOR SALE’ on his pad, together with a rough sketch of a revolver. Within hours a writer
was back in the office with a handgun and a dramatic piece on the ease with which (he did not
mention the little help he had had from the crime staff) he had bought it in Trafalgar Square.

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2

Mercifully, none of Eilbeck’s extemporised headlines winged their way to me - at least not yet.
The pitifully small paper was grossly overstaffed, with half a dozen highly experienced feature
writers fighting to fill one page a day, and it was evident that my role was as standby or first
reserve. Hanging around the office, where the time was passed pleasantly in chit-chat, smoking
and drinking coffee, I was occasionally tossed some small task.

Another of my little chores was to compose ‘come-ons’ for the readers’ letters columns -
invented, controversial letters that, in a slow week for correspondence, would draw a furious
mailbag. I was also put to work rewriting agency and syndication material that came into the
office, including, on occasion, the Sagittarius segment of the astrology column.
4

Some years later, when he had directed his talents to another paper, I confessed to him one day
that I had been guilty of tampering in this way. He was in no way put out. It was serenely
obvious to him that I had been planted on the Mirror by destiny to adjust the hitherto inaccurate
information.
5

For example, one afternoon I was summoned to Eilbeck’s office to find him in a state of manic
excitement, bent over a make-up pad on which he had scrawled ‘THE SPICE OF LIFE!’
surrounded by a border of stars. This, I was told, was to be the Mirror’s new three-times-a-week
gossip column, starting tomorrow ” and I was to be in charge of it.
6

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Happily the delightful Eve Chapman was deputed to hold my hand in this insane
exercise. The bad news was that Eve, who went home nightly to her parents in
Croydon, had never set foot in such a place in her life. We were reduced to raiding
the society pages of the glossy magazines and ploughing through Who’s Who in
hopes of finding some important personage with an unusual hobby which could be
fleshed out to the maximum twenty-five words.
7

The Spice of Life column itself ground to a halt after our supply of eminent people’s
interesting pastimes petered out

A As a result, he wanted no item to be more than twenty-five words long, followed

by three dots. He was, at the time, heavily under the influence of Walter Winchell,
Earl Wilson and suchlike night-owl columnists in the New York tabloids that were
air-freighted to him weekly.
B Flattering though it was to be entrusted with this commission, there was a snag. It
had to ‘sizzle’ - a favourite Eilbeck word - with exclusive snippets about ‘the people
who really mattered’ - to Eilbeck’s mind, anyone with an aristicratic title, or money
to throw about in casinos and nightclubs. Unfortunately, I did not have a single
suitable contact in the whole of London.
C This might be a review copy of some ghosted showbiz memoirs that might be
good for a 150- word anecdotal filler. One day Eilbeck dropped a re-issued volume
on my desk - To Beg I am Ashamed, the supposed autobiography of a criminal. It
came complete with one of his headlines: ‘IT’S STILL A BAD, DANGEROUS
BOOK’. I asked him what was so bad and dangerous about it. ‘I haven’t read it,’ the
Features Editor confessed cheerfully. ‘Two hundred words by four o’clock’.
D On one desperate occasion, with the deadline looming yet again, we fell to
working our way along Millionaires’ Row in Kensington, questioning maids and
chauffeurs about the foibles of their rich employers. This enterprise came to a stop
after someone called the police.

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E This proved to be a foretaste of his favourite method of floating an idea. While the
assembled feature writers clustered around his desk skimming the newspapers and
intermittently quoting some story that might with luck yield a feature angle, Eilbeck
would be scribbling away on his pad. Cockily trumpeting his newly minted headline -
‘WOULD YOU RISK A BLIND DATE HOLIDAY?’ or ‘CAN WOMEN BE
TRUSTED WITH MONEY?’ - he would rip off the page and thrust it into the arms
of the nearest writer - ‘Copy by four o’clock.’
F This was for the benefit of one of the paper’s more irascible executives who
was a passionate believer in it. It had been noticed that when he was told he would
have a bad day he would react accordingly and his miserable colleagues would go
through the day quaking in their shoes. My job was to doctor the entry to give his
colleagues a more peaceful ride.
G My month’s trial with the Mirror quickly expired without my having done
anything to justify my existence on the paper, but since Eilbeck didn’t mention that
my time was up, neither did 1.1 pottered on, still trying to find my feet. Occasionally
opportunity would knock, but it was usually a false alarm. Not always, though.
H But many of Eilbeck’s madder flights of fancy had no chance of panning out
so well - even I could tell that. Seasoned writers would accept the assignment without
demur, repair to a café for a couple of hours, and then ring in to announce that they
couldn’t make the idea stand up.

Part 5: You are going to read an article about the design of new stations on the
London Underground railway system. For questions 1-10, choose from the
sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once. (15
pts)
In which section of the article are the following mentioned?
1. the previously unattractive nature of the locations of most of the stations
2. a comparison Paoletti made to illustrate his approach to the JLE project
3. the immediate and massive effect that one of the stations had on its surroundings
4. a description that Paoletti considered not to be wholly accurate

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 5. a fundamental question concerning the function of stations in underground
systems
6. an explanation Paoletti gave for why certain comments about the new buildings
were incorrect
7. Paoletti’s desire to unite elements that had previously been seen as wholly
different from each other
8. personal qualities that enabled Paoletti to tackle the JLE project successfully
9. parts of a station architects were not responsible for in the past
10. Paoletti’s opinion of those previously responsible for designing station

Roland Paoletti

An architect who revolutionized the lives of London’s commuters.

Roland Paoletti was the driving force behind the dramatic, award-winning stations
on the £3 billion Jubilee Line Extension (JLE) to the London Underground system,
the most ambitious building programme on the Tube for many decades. An irascible
Anglo-Italian, Paoletti possessed the persuasiveness and tenacity to take on the
vested political interests at play in the planning of the 10-mile Jubilee Line
Extension to ensure good design and innovation. Historically, architects employed
on Tube projects had been restricted to ‘fitting out’ the designs of railway and civil
engineers with few or no aesthetic concerns, and whom Paoletti dismissed as
visionless ‘trench-diggers. The Jubilee line would be unique in that for the first time
the architects would be responsible for designing entire underground stations.

As the commissioning architect in overall charge, Paoletti’s approach was to let light
flood down into the stations along the line. The project’s centrepiece was the
extraordinary huge new station at Canary Wharf, designed by Norman Foster and
Partners to handle up to 40,000 passengers an hour at peak times. ‘Everybody keeps
saying that it’s like a cathedral; complained Paoletti.‘They’re wrong. It actually is a
cathedral: Explaining his approach to designing underground stations, Paoletti
likened the Jubilee line to architectural free-form jazz, the stations responding to
their different contexts as dramatic variations on a theme. Instead of uniformity,
Paoletti envisaged variety achieved in the beauty of raw materials like concrete, and
the architectural power of simple, large spaces for robust and practical stations.

Page | 15
C

He procured the most talented individual architects he could find to design 11 new
stations along the line, creating a unique variety of architectural statement pieces –
notably different but all beautiful – in what had been a largely desolate stretch of
urban east London.‘For the price of an underground ticket; he promised, ‘you will
see some of the greatest contributions to engineering and architecture worldwide’
Paoletti’s sweeping vision did not disappoint. With their swagger and individualism,
the stations have been widely acclaimed as a tour de force in public transport
architecture.

In pressing for a seamless marriage between architecture and engineering, Paoletti

was concerned to make the stations pleasing to the eye, and the daily grind of
commuters using them as uplifting an experience as possible. The result was
generally reckoned to be the finest set of stations since the classic designs for the
Piccadilly line by Charles Holden in the 1930s. In Holden’s day, design stopped at
the top of the escalators leading down to the platforms, a symptom of the Tube’s
tradition of treating architecture and engineering as separate disciplines. From the
start, Paoletti promised ‘a symbiosis of architecture and engineering’ throughout.
This is particularly evident at Westminster station, where Michael Hopkins solved
structural difficulties by designing fantastic supporting structures redolent of
science-fiction – what Paoletti called ‘engineering that expresses itself as
architecture… in which people can delight.’

He wanted the designs of the JLE stations to have a uniformity of voice, or, as he put
it, ‘a philosophical uniformity’. Paoletti contrasted the drama of MacCormac
Jamieson Prichard’s design for Southwark station with the vast glass drum of Ron
Herron’s Canada Water station, intended as a response to the area’s bleakness, ‘a
big, splendid beacon that has transformed the area from a wasteland almost
overnight’ To critics who complained about the expense of these grand designs,
Paoletti pointed out that the same cut-and-cover, box-station design that allowed his
architects a free hand with their various structures also saved London Underground
millions in tunnelling costs. ‘In any case, he noted, ‘you have to decide at the
beginning whether you’re going to see an underground station as a kind of vehicular
underpass that happens to have people in it, or whether it’s a building; a building
with some other kind of job to do, like making people comfortable.’

D. WRITING (60 pts)

Part 1. Write a summary for the passage in about 100-120 words. (15 pts)
The Effects of Stress

Page | 16
 The word ‘stress’ refers to a feeling of panic that makes a person want to stop
whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. 'Stress' means
pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health problems in
modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health
problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It can
increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood
pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause
a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress
can affect the stomach. It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food.
These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms
resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel
anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When
people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems. For example, a
normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a
glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an
extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and
increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of
overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating disorders, such as
anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress. If
stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects the
emotions. Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great
influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our feelings, and our minds.
So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.

Part 2. The bar chart shows the number of people employed in five types of
work in one region of Australia in 2001 and 2008. Summarise the information

Page | 17
by selecting and reporting the main features and making relevant comparisons.
(15 pts)

Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion on the
following issue (30 pts)
Shops should not be allowed to sell any food or drink scientifically proven
bad for people's health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Page | 18
 HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT ĐỀ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI KHU VỰC
CHUYÊN DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐB BẮC BỘ NĂM 2022
KHU VỰC DH VÀ ĐB BẮC BỘ MÔN THI: ANH - LỚP: 11
ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT
THPT Chu Văn An – Hà Nội

I. LISTENING (50 points)

PART 1. (10 points)
You will hear Alice Brown interviewing Professor Robert Atkins about health scares.
1. How does Professor Atkins feel about the frequency of health scares in the media?
A. irritated that the media print nonsense
B. reconciled to health scares being a necessary evil
C. resigned to the media misunderstanding science
D. worried that the health scares might be real
2. What is Alice’s attitude to the threat of the lethal diseases?
A. She worries that new ones will occur.
B. She is doubtful that they can be contained.
C. She is concerned that they are spread more easily today.
C. She believes they pose less of danger today.
3. Professor Atkins believes that the concerns people have today arise from _______.
A. a lack of spiritual belief
B. being misled by scientists and doctors
C. bewilderment when their assumptions are challenged
D. worry about how diseases are communicated
4. What do Alice and Professor Atkins agree about when it comes to health scares?
A. some businesses have a vested interest in promoting them

Page | 19
B. some manufacturers see them as the best form of publicity
C. some doctors are at fault for not criticizing them sufficiently
D. some researchers are looking for publicity
5. What worries Professor Atkins about health scares?
A. They could lead to people taking too many pills.
B. They are more damaging than real diseases.
C. They might make people disregard potential risks.
D. They are difficult to disprove.
PART 2. (10 points) T/F
1. Sasha is currently unemployed.
2. Jim understands now why Sasha had problems in her previous apartment.
3. The problem with the television is that Sasha has sometimes forgotten to turn the TV
off.
4. Sasha didn’t know that Jim used the lights in the apartment as an anti-crime measure.
5. Sasha never realized the different cleaner was causing a problem in the shower.
PART 3. (10 points)
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. What stimulates Africa’s economic boom?
2. What will become heavily dependent on AI in Europe?
3. What have fossil fuels been considered in the Middle East?
4. What will substitute for oil disputes in the future?
5. What will come to the throne by 2039?
PART 4. (20 points)
Listen to a radio discussion about the pros and cons of opening a new fast food
restaurant in a small town called Manley and complete the following sentences. Write
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
- The proposed opening of the new Burger World has provoked (1) _______ in the local
community.
- Mr. Brownlea thinks it will harm the young people and the (2) _______.
Page | 20
- He would prefer a new restaurant offering (3) _______.
- He admits that Burger World prices are (4) _______
- He believes that fast food chains are causing the disappearance of (5) _______ around the
world.
- Mrs. Masters argues that preventing the new outlet’s opening in Manley will not (6)
_______ of changing food habit worldwide.
- Mr. Brownlea is worried that the new fast food will increase the problem of (7) _______.
- This will make older residents feel (8) _______.
- Mrs. Masters feels that it will be beneficial for young people to use Burger World as a (9)
_______.
- She believes the new restaurant will boost (10) _______ of the town.
II. GRAMMAR AND LEXICOLOGY (30 points)
1. Choose the best answer. (20 points)
1. The athlete was _______ in defeat and praised his opponent's skill, for which he received a
lot of praise.
A. abrasive B. valiant C. chivalrous D.
magnanimous
2. I wish you’d stop _________ with that watch. It needs to be repaired by a professional
A. dabbling B. striving C. tinkering D. preserving
3. His driving is so bad that I always turn _______ when I am sitting with him in the car.
A. around the bend B. in a fog
C. off his trolley D. green around the gills
4. He _____ denied the accusations, saying they were totally false
A. excessively B. superficially C. strenuously D. unstintingly
5. The runner was far ahead for most of the race, but at the end she won only _______.
A. larger than life B. on the dot C. by a whisker D. a notch
above
6. She’s raising two kids, holding down a full-time job, and trying to maintain some _______
of a personal life.
A. semblance B. vestige C. inkling D. portent

Page | 21
7. Negotiations went _______, but we did manage to reach an agreement on the contract by
the deadline.
A. down to the short strokes B. down for the count
C. down to the ground D. down to the wire
8. Given the competitiveness of the National Contest, I have to knock it out of the _______
or I won’t be able to win any prizes.
A. park B. nail C. roof D. ring
9. She was extremely elegant and obviously very _________
A. entitled B. upheld C. upstanding D. well-heeled
10. I know it’s hard at first when you start a new job, but you’ll soon ______.
A. show your teeth B. find your feet C. follow your nose D. try your
hand
11. The preparations ____________ by the time the guests ____________.
A. bad been finished/ arrived B. have finished I arrived
C. had finished/ were arriving D. have been finished/ were arrived
12. ____________, playing music is an effective way for them to open their heart to the
outside world.
A. Being visually impaired people B. Such were their visual impairments
C. Having been visually impaired D. For those with visual impairments
13. One day, ____________, she announced that she was leaving.
A. in the red B. in the pink C. over the moon D. out of the blue
14. John was out of his ______________ in the advanced class, so he moved to the
intermediate class.
A. class B. depth C. league D. head
15. One of the most important things you have to remember when you join this game is that
you should ____________.
A. go to your head B. keep your wits about you
C. keep your head in the clouds D. gather your wits
16. Sailing is not ____________ an art.
A. more science than B. so much a science as C. as scientific as
D. worth science for

Page | 22
17. ____________ you cut down your carbohydrate intake, you ___ weight by now.
A. Had I would have lost B. Were/ would have lost C. If/ will Jose D.
Did/ would
18. It's very important that we ____________ as soon as there’s any change in the
patient’s condition.
A. be notified B. being notified C. are notified · D. were notified
19. There are ____________ words in English having more than one meaning. Pay close
attention to this fact.
A. a large many B. quite many C. a great many D. quite a lot
20. ____________ motivate learning is well documented.
A. That is computers B. Computers that C. That computers D. It is those
computers
2. Complete these sentences, using the form of the given words in brackets. (10 points)
1. Unfortunately the game was cancelled because of a __________ pitch. (WATER)
2. People in coastal areas live mainly on the _________________, which allows them to
earn a great deal of money from the sea products. (CULTURE)
3. She made a _________________ return to the stage after several years working in
television. (TRIUMPH)
4. Antiseptics and __________ are widely used in hospital to kill the bacteria. (INFECT)
5. Thanks to the _________________ policy, more and more forests have been formed on
locations that used to be treeless. (FOREST)
6. Both are _______, extravagant in character, highly lyrical and immediately establish the
soloist as a romantic protagonist. (CLAIM)
7. We might have to employ someone temporarily as a _______ measure until we can hire
someone permanently. (STOP)
8. Upholders of the scientific faith shudder at the implications of having to mix it with such
_______ subjective and impure elements. (REDEEM)
9. _______ should summarize the main facts about their performance based on the staff
evaluation criteria of the company. (APPRAISE)
10. It encouraged experimenters to propose ________ or novel approaches to problems.
(BEAT)

Page | 23
III. READING (60 points)
Part 1: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. Choose from
paragraphs (A-H) the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph you
do not need to use. (7 points)
The white and silver buildings of the VLT or Very Large Telescope at the ESO (European
Organisation for Astronomical research in the Southern Hemisphere) stand tall and imposing
on top of a mountain shining brightly under the desert sun. At night they come alive, the
outer walls open up and silently slide through 360 degrees, allowing an uninterrupted view of
the Southern Hemisphere sky. Inside, a giant eye looks deep into the stars and beyond,
looking for life, mysteries and making sense out of the darkness.
1.
Getting to the place is a journey of discovery in itself. After leaving the Pacific Ocean, you
head south and hook up with the Panamericana Highway and into the desert, the driest on
Earth. It's a two-hour drive to the observatory, but it feels longer as the harsh light, the rocky,
dusty desert, the complete absence of any form of life, except for the giant trucks plying their
trade along the highway, is unsettling.
2.
The reason, we are told, is simple. Astronomers need a clear view of the sky at night.
Optimal conditions are to be found in deserts; there are fewer of the negative factors like
light pollution that can make the four telescopes which form VLT work less effectively. Here
no lights are allowed after dark, all windows are screened, and even the main residence
where 108 people sleep, leaks no more than 40W when the lights are turned on.
3.
These monsters and their smaller auxiliaries bring to mind the set of Star Wars. But at sunset,
they take on another look. This could be Stonehenge, another magic circle where our
forefathers tried to make sense of the stars. Soon after arriving, we are taken to see the inside
of one of the telescopes. They have all been named in the indigenous Mapuche language
following a competition among Chilean schoolchildren.
4.
Once these have been completed, the telescope is handed over to the team who will operate
one or more of the telescopes from a control room. All night long these giants will be moving

Page | 24
and pointing to the sky helping the scientists unravel new problems. Fourteen countries
contribute around 160 million euros to their joint astronomical cause, and Paranal is allocated
20% of that figure. Standing in the shadow of the VLT, one wonders what all this taxpayers'
money buys.
5.
They all answered with the usual 'finding out where we came from, where we are going, are
we alone in the universe...?' And, as the ESO has no commercial use and is a not-for-profit
organization, it's easy to imagine these scientists indulging in their research and being cut off
from reality.
6.
One of Paranal's great achievements was the discovery of a planet outside our solar system. It
is huge: five times bigger than Jupiter, and the work being done now is aimed at
understanding the physical and chemical composition of this, and other, giant Earth-like
planets. Truly a quest for life in outer space.
7.
'We needed even sharper images to settle the issue of whether any other configuration is
possible and we counted on the ESO VLT to provide those,’ says Reinhard Genzel, director
at the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. 'Now the era of observational physics
has truly begun.'

Missing paragraphs
A But talking further revealed a simple truth: that having pretty much discovered all there
is to know about our world on the Earth, astronomy looks at the vast Terra Incognita
which surrounds us. These scientists see themselves very much as a mixture of
Renaissance men and women: all questing for further knowledge.
B Every evening an engineer is assigned to one of these telescopes and his or her job is to
get it ready so that it can then be taken over at night by a three-person team. The
engineer runs through a series of tests in preparation for the work which will be done
later that night.
C The central unit inside weighs 450 tonnes and houses the main 8.5 m mirror. A second,
smaller mirror is made from beryllium, a rare metal. The external walls can all slide open

Page | 25
 to allow the telescope to point in any direction as it rotates soundlessly on its base.
D As we drive further into the desert, the road starts to rise gradually, with hills and steep
valleys all around us. The environment is harsh in the extreme and it's hard to imagine
that a community of European scientists have chosen this place to establish a world-
leading laboratory.
E It is a question that many in Paranal find a little difficult to answer. Maybe because
scientists, due to the nature of their research and also, maybe, their mindsets, tend to
focus on very specific areas of competence and therefore are not required to have a
broader 'strategic' view.
F The other big consideration in the desert is the absence of cloud cover and, higher up, the
lack of atmospheric dust and all the other interference caused by humans or nature which
contributes to partially hiding the secrets of the universe. 'Twinkle, twinkle little star' is
just what astronomers do not want to hear, as this means there is debris between the eye,
the telescopes and the stars.
G We are in Paranal, in Chile's Atacama Desert, where at 2,600 m above sea level, Europe
has its most advanced astronomical observatory. It's a leading site, a joint undertaking by
fourteen European countries focused on developing the most advanced scientific tools
for observing the universe and enhancing the knowledge base for industry, education and
H culture.
Astronomers have also used the data from VLT for another purpose - to attempt to find
out how old the universe is. It seems that the oldest star is 13.2 billion years old, which
means the universe must be even older. They also use VLT to look into galaxies beyond
ours, and where they continue to find evidence of supermassive black holes, where all
kinds of violent activity occur.
Part 2. Complete the following passage by filling each blank with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a
pandemic back in March 2020, the virus has claimed more than 2.5 million lives globally
with upwards of 113 million cases being (1) by laboratory tests (March 2021).
The pandemic has impacted almost every corner of life, causing global economies to stall,
changing the way we work and interact (2) our loved ones, and stretching healthcare (3) to

Page | 26
the limit. Governments around the world have been forced to implement harsh restrictions (4)
human activity to curb the spread of the virus.
COVID-19 vaccination is now offering a way to transition out of this phase of the
pandemic. Without them, many scientists believe that natural herd (5) would not have been
sufficient to restore society to its normal (6) quo and that it would have resulted in extreme
fatality. This is something that has been echoed by many health (7) including the WHO. In a
scenario (8) access to vaccines, strict behavioral measures may have had to remain for the
foreseeable future.
Fortunately, the beginning of 2021 saw numerous vaccines given emergency (9) and begin
their roll out in countries across the world. As of March 2021, just shy of 300 million
vaccine doses had been administered worldwide. The figures give (10) of a return to
‘normal’. However, global COVID-19 vaccination faces several challenges which may
impact its success.
Part 3. Read the passage below and answers the questions (10 points)
The presence or absence of water has a direct bearing on the possibility of life on other
planets. In the nineteenth century, it was commonly accepted that life, perhaps even
intelligent life, was widespread in the solar system, and Mars was an obvious target in the
search for life. New photographic technology offered a way for astronomers to learn more
about the red planet. In 1888, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli produced images that
showed a network of long, thin, dark lines crossing the surface of Mars. He called these
features canali in Italian, which became “canals” or “channels” in English. The strange
appearance of the canals suggested to some scientists that they had been formed artificially
rather than naturally. The mystery deepened when Schiaparelli observed that many of the
canals in the photographs were actually double.
Other photographic images of Mars revealed its seasonally changing polar ice caps
and features that appeared to be ancient islands located in what was now a dry streambed.
When the islands were first discovered, some scientists speculated that a thick water-laden
atmosphere capable of generating heavy rains and had once existed on Mars. However,
others remained unconvinced of the presence of water. Then, in 1963, a team of astronomers
obtained a good photographic plate of the near-infrared spectrum of Mars. The photograph
showed that, faintly but definitely, water vapor lines could be seen. This photograph

Page | 27
established that there really was water on Mars, though the amount was very small. Today,
the presence of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is generally accepted, as is the belief
that the atmosphere was once much denser than it is now, with a much greater abundance of
water vapor.
The surface of Mars is dry today, but it does contain significant amounts of ice and
signs that liquid water once flowed over the planet. All of the locations where evidence of
water has been found are ancient, probably formed every early in Martian history. Data
transmitted from spacecraft on Mars in 2004 have revealed that water was once common
across a vast region of the planet, possibly as shallow lakes or seas that dried out and then
filled up again. There are signs that the wind blew debris around during dry stages. These
seas and lakes extended across hundreds of thousands of square miles, creating habitable
conditions during long stretches of time billions of years ago.
Evidence of water includes the presence of various minerals known as evaporates,
deposits left behind when liquid water turns to vapor. Small areas of mineral deposits have
been found in Valles Marineris, a huge hole on Mars that is larger than the Grand Canyon on
Earth. The minerals there contain water, so they had to be formed in the presence of water.
Geologic research has also turned up clay and gypsum deposits that were formed by water in
the soil. Rocks that clearly formed in water extend throughout 300 meters of layered
materials in several locations across the Martian plains. The layers were built up over time,
which means water was present, at least temporarily, for extended periods on ancient Mars.
Besides the ice packs at Mars’s poles, astronomers have discovered a frozen sea near its
equator. This frozen sea is the size of the North Sea on Earth and appears similar to the ice
packs on Antarctica. Scientists have also detected evidence of lava flows 20 million years
ago as well as signs that some volcanoes may still be active. Several recently formed
volcanic cones near Mars’s North Pole indicate that the planet’s core may interact with the
surface, meaning there was both warmth and moisture in the recent past – circumstances that
might have supported life.
Liquid water is the key ingredient for life as we know it. Of all the other planets in the
solar system, Mars is most like Earth. In 20111 a team of researchers used computer
modeling to compare data on temperature and pressure conditions on Earth with those on
Mars to estimate how much of Mars could support Earth- like organisms. Their results

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showed that three percent of Mars could sustain life, although most of these regions are
underground. Below the planet’s surface, conditions are right for water to exist as a liquid.
Additional evidence of water on the planet’s surface came in 2012, when a robot landed on
Mars and transmitted hig-resolution images showing a streambed with coarse gravel that had
likely been deposited by flowing water. All of this evidence of water does not necessarily
mean life ever emerged there; however, it does suggest that Mars meets all the requirements
that are needed for life to exist.

1. The word ‘target’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. watery planet B. symbol of strength C. missing link D. object of
interest
2. According to the passage, what has been a major focus of research about Mars?
A. How Mars compares to other planets in the solar system
B. Who built the network of canals on the surface of Mars
C. Whether signs of water indicate that life has existed on Mars
D. How soon astronauts from Earth will be able to go to Mars
3. Astronomers of the 19th and 20th centuries studied Mars mainly through ______.
A. ancient writings B. photographic images
C. Martian soil samples D. data sent by spacecraft
4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that Schiaparelli’s observation of canals on Mars
led to ______.
A. direct proof that life has existed on Mars
B. the rejection of Schiaparelli’s ideas by other scientists
C. the search for canals on other planets in the solar system
D. new questions about intelligent life on Mars
5. What discovery led some scientists to think that the Martian atmosphere had produced
heavy rains in the past?
A. A network of canals on the surface
B. Ancient islands in a dry streambed
C. Water vapor lines on a photographic plate
D. Volcanic cones near the planet’s North Pole

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6. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Most scientists believe there is water vapor in the Martian atmosphere, which is
now less dense than it was in the past.
B. The amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere has changed many times in
the past, and scientists generally accept this.
C. The atmosphere of Mars used to contain only water vapor, but now scientists know
that several other gases are also present.
D. Scientists used to believe that Mars had no atmosphere, but now most think it has a
very dense atmosphere of water vapor.
7. Layers of rock in several places on the Martian plains are evidence that ______.
A. Mars was formed at the same time as Earth
B. both wind and water erosion occurred there
C. water was present there for a long time
D. liquid water is no longer present on Mars
8. All of the following indicate the presence of water on Mars EXCEPT ______.
A. images of polar ice caps B. a 1963 photograph
C. clay and gypsum deposits D. evidence of lava flows
9. Write the correct letter [A], [B], [C] or [D] that indicates where the following sentence
could be added to the passage?
Astronomers already knew that Mars had some kind of atmosphere because of the
occasional presence of bright features that looked like clouds.
The presence or absence of water has a direct bearing on the possibility of life on
other planets. [A] In the nineteenth century, it was commonly accepted that life, perhaps
even intelligent life, was widespread in the solar system, and Mars was an obvious target
in the search for life. [B] New photographic technology offered a way for astronomers to
learn more about the red planet. In 1888, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli
produced images that showed a network of long, thin, dark lines crossing the surface of
Mars. [C] He called these features canali in Italian, which became “canals” or “channels”
in English. The strange appearance of the canals suggested to some scientists that they

Page | 30
 had been formed artificially rather than naturally. [D] The mystery deepened when
Schiaparelli observed that many of the canals in the photographs were actually double.
10. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most
important ideas in the passage.
Scientists have long searched for evidence of water on Mars
-
-
-

A. Early photographs of Mars showed what appeared to be canals, polar ice caps, and
ancient islands.
B. Dry streambed, lakes, and seas suggest that Mars does not have enough water to
support life.
C. There is water vapor in the Martian atmosphere and evidence that liquid water
once flowed on the surface.
D. Mars contains many types of evaporates, minerals left behind when liquid water
becomes vapor.
E. Geologic research, photography and computer modeling provide evidence of water
– and possibly life – on Mars.
F. Because Mars is so similar to Earth, scientists believe that humans will be able to
live on Mars in the future.
Part 4. Read the passage and do the tasks below (13 points)
Section A
• The human community can be regarded as a system, holistic in nature, seeking survival.
Throughout the ages, observers of human behaviour have repeatedly identified four major
patterns or configurations of behaviour. Such holistic sorting of behaviour patterns has been
recorded for at least twenty-five centuries.
• In 450 B.C., Hippocrates described four such dispositions he called temperaments - a choleric
temperament with an ease of emotional arousal and sensitivity, a phlegmatic temperament with
cool detachment and impassivity, a melancholic temperament with a very serious, dour, and

Page | 31
 downcast nature, and a sanguine temperament full of impulsivity, excitability, and quick
reactivity. During the Middle Ages, Philippus Paracelsus described four natures whose
behaviours were said to be influenced by four kinds of spirits: nymphs, sylphs, gnomes, and
salamanders.
• Most twentieth-century psychologists abandoned holistic observation of human behaviour for
a microscopic examination of parts, fragments, traits, and so on. To them, all human beings
were basically alike, and individual differences were due to chance or conditioning.
• Two German psychologists, Ernst Kretschmer and Eduard Spranger, were among the few to
continue to view individuals holistically in terms of patterns. Inspired by their work, a modern
psychologist, David Keirsey, noted common themes in the various observations and the
consistent tendency of human behavious to sort itself into four similar patterns. Linda Berens
continues to expand our understanding of the four temperaments through the unique
contributions, including the core needs, values, talents, and behaviours of the four
temperament patterns – as illustrated by The Temperament Targets.
• These four major patterns are referred to as temperaments. They describe the ways human
personality interacts with the environment to satisfy its needs. Each of the four types of humours
corresponded to a different personality type.
Section B
• The Sanguine temperament personality is fairly extroverted. People of a sanguine
temperament tend to enjoy social gatherings and making new friends. They tend to be
creative and often day dream. However, some alone time is crucial for those of this
temperament. Sanguine can also mean very sensitive, compassionate and thoughtful.
Sanguine personalities generally struggle with the following tasks all the way through.
They are chronically late, and tend to be forgetful and sometimes a little sarcastic. Often,
when pursuing a new hobby, interest is lost quickly when it ceases to be engaging or fun.
A sanguine person is happy, friendly, warm, eager and has an ability to sympathize with
others. He has lots of friends and everyone thinks he is a fun company. But he is often
very self-centred and he lacks self-control. He has a tendency to exaggerate and he is
emotionally unstable.
Section C
• A person who is choleric is a doer. They have a lot of ambition, energy and passion, and

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 try to instill it in others. They can dominate people of other temperaments, especially
phlegmatic types. Many great charismatic military and political figures were cholerics.
They have a strong will. They are independent, practical, efficient and productive. When
they get something in their mind, nothing can stop them. Unfortunately, choleric people
have to spend a lot of their time alone, as their social side is so poorly-developed. They
scare people away with their coldness and their angry and cruel words. They are
insensitive and overly dominating.
Section D
• A person who is a thoughtful ponder has a melancholic disposition. Often very kind and
considerate, melancholies can be highly creative – as in poetry and art – and can become
occupied with the tragedy and cruelty in the world. A melancholic is also often a
perfectionist. They are often self-reliant and independent. A melancholic person is often
extremely talented. He can analyse things very deeply. He has an eye for beauty. He is
disciplined and diligent. But he has a whole load of dark sides. He is often pessimistic
and is depressed easily. He is too critical of himself and of others. He is revengeful and
easily offended.
Section E
• Phlegmatics tend to be self-content and kind. They can be very accepting and
affectionate. They may be very receptive and shy and often prefer stability to uncertainty
and change. They are very consistent, relaxed, rational, curious, and observant, making
them good administrators and diplomats. Unlike the Sanguine personality, they may be
more dependable.
• It’s easiest to get along with a phlegmatic person. He is calm and easygoing. His carefree
attitude and good sense of humour attract people. He is stable and reliable and very
diplomatic. But he is not perfect, either. He is often irritatingly slow and unable to make
up his mind. He is selfish and stingy. Sometimes he is totally indifferent to everything
around him. All he’s interested in is his daydreams.
Section F
• The concept of temperament can generally be defined as a behavioural or emotional trait
that differs across individuals, appears early in life, is relatively stable over the life-span,
and is, at least to some degree, influenced by biology. One common defining

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 characteristic of temperament is that it appears quite early in development and is
relatively stable over the life-span. It is for this reason that the study of temperament has
often focused on infancy and early-childhood. The assumption has been that
temperament is not an acquired characteristic; one doesn’t learn one’s temperament,
rather one is simply born with a given temperament profile. Further, these “in-born” traits
persist throughout the life span, though they may change form. For example, an infant
may have a withdrawal oriented temperament, but lacking the physical capacity to move
independently may cry when presented with novel situations or toys or people, etc. The
infant’s crying then elicits a caregiver to either remove the infant from the stimulus or the
stimulus from the infant. In either case it effectively increases the distance between the
infant and that which makes him or her uncomfortable. As the child ages through early
childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence and so on, he or she no longer needs to
rely exclusively on others to control their environment. They can themselves retreat from
situations that make them uncomfortable and/or they may actively seek out environments
that are of low stimulus intensity. In adolescence they may begin to use depressant drugs
such as alcohol, narcotics, or nicotine to effectively withdraw from situations that make
them uncomfortable, but for which there is strong social pressure to pursue (parties,
school functions, etc.) These behaviours are quite different in form, but yield the same
functional effect.
Questions 1-6: The reading passage has six sections, A-F. Choose the correct heading
for each section from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-ix, in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
List of Headings
I Cautious and caring people
Ii Connection between characteristics and body
Iii In-depth thinking and intelligent people
Iv Changing behaviours
V Active and optimistic people
Vi Theories from ancient philosophers
Vii Four personalities on the basis of body fluid
viii Demanding and unsympathetic people

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 Ix The in-born and permanent temperament

1. Section A
2. Section B
3. Section C
4. Section D
5. Section E
6. Section F
Questions 7-13: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the
reading passage? In the corresponding numbered boxes provided, write:
TRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
7. The four temperaments can be traced back reliably to philosophy, notably in the work of
Hippocrates.
8. To all twentieth-century psychologists, the personal characteristics came from different
situations.
9. People of a sanguine temperament are imaginative and creative, and are often the ones
who enthusiastically promote new ideas on the job.
10. If someone has a strong will, he or she must be a great charismatic military or political
person.
11. Most melancholies can be poets or artists because they are highly creative.
12. Phlegmatic people are usually indifferent to everything.
13. Temperament is an “in-born” characteristic which is stable throughout one’s life.
Part 5. (15 points)
You are going to read an extract from an article about paintings. For questions 1–10,
choose from the sections (A–E). The sections may be chosen more than once. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
A. Luisa Sutton
A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, by Edouard Manet

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Manet was inviting some kind of response in the way in which he presented women in his
work and he succeeded in bridging the gap between classical traditions and painting modern
life. Above all, I have tremendous respect for the fact that he was a breakthrough artist: a
champion of realist modernism who was censured for breaking the mould. Through the
medium of painting, Manet constantly reassessed the prevailing attitudes of the world he was
living in. Today we are used to multiple perspective - seeing the same image from different
angles. This was not so in Manet’s time and in this painting we see him crossing boundaries
as he switches reality by employing a mirror to reflect his subjects.
B. Paul Harris
Henry VII, 29 October 1505, by unknown artist
Visually, this is a stunning portrait; Henry moves towards the viewer from the parapet
wearing the red robes of Lancaster, his hands on the ledge. It is immediately exciting and
emotive. Henry VII was on the lookout for a new bride and this was painted to be sent to the
court of Maximilian, much as we would send a photo today. So the provenance is clear.
Portraits of other English monarchs, Richard III in particular, are, in comparison, stiff and
remote. Henry VII’s portrait speaks in a very particular way. His eyes look at one. He is
Renaissance man but, at the same time one sees a shrewd, wise and wily man who,
throughout his reign, managed to amass the fortune of the Tudor dynasty.
C. Tom Newman
James VI and I, 1618, by Paul Van Somer
I used to work for an art handling company in New York, and I came to realise how
wonderful paintings are as entities. Old paintings last for so long because of the materials
used – the oil is so robust, it expands or contracts depending on the heat. They can be rolled
up and taken around the world, they’ll never die. This portrait, in particular, made a huge
impression on me. Works of art often lose their power as soon as they’re placed in a
museum. This painting is where it belongs – in a palace. Subject to who you speak to, James
is either a buffoon or a tactical genius, but in this work he looks so stately. The painting was
clearly commissioned to convey regality – and it worked on me, 400 years later.
D. Paula Smith
Mr and Mrs Andrews, by Gainsborough

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I chose this painting as it has personal relevance for me. I grew up in my grandmother’s
house in London. She was an excellent copyist of Gainsborough. We had copies of all of his
paintings, except for this one, which my grandmother didn’t approve of. I’ve always found it
incredibly beautiful though. The two figures in this wonderful painting have very enigmatic
expressions. What are they up to? What are they thinking? And then what are we to make of
the landscape? It’s an agricultural scene, in the middle of the day, but there are no
agricultural workers anywhere to be seen. Where on earth is everybody? What a strange
atmosphere the place has, a long ago era that will never be recaptured.
E. Lynn D’Anton
An Old Woman Cooking Eggs, 1618, by Velàzquez
What is most striking about this painting is surely its veracity. One gets the feeling that one is
looking into a room in which there are no obstacles to understanding. Nothing comes
between the subject and the observer. The artist here is the perfect observer. When I saw it a
few years ago in the National Gallery of Scotland, set alongside many other works from
Velazquez’s youth, there was no doubt in my mind that it was a masterpiece. I think that it is
easy for many people to empathise with this painting in one way or another.
In which section are the following mentioned?
1. the inscrutable nature of the subjects
2. the artist’s ability to give an insight into temperament
3. the integrity of the image portrayed
4. the view that the artist was an innovator
5. delight in a painting’s ability to endure
6. the background to a painting being well documented
7. the view that a painting’s impact depends on its surroundings
8. a painting which gives an image of a lost world
9. admiration for an artist who dared to challenge conventional ideas
10. conflicting opinions about the subject of a painting
IV. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. (15 points)

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Read the following articles and summarize the measures recommended in both articles
in order to improve health and performance. You should write a paragraph of between
80 and 100 words.
Article 1: Discover the healing power of positive thinking
We all know that strong emotions have powerful physical effect. Feeling nervous
before an important interview can send you rushing to the bathroom, while a sudden attack of
anxiety can send your heart racing and leave you feeling faint and dizzy. But new research
has revealed the incredible healing power of the brain and how learning to relax and think
positively can have dramatic health benefits. And there is now overwhelming evidence that
your mental and emotional state can also have a direct impact on your body’s ability to fight
disease and cope with pain.
Bob Lewin, Professor of Rehabilitation at York University, took a group of heart
patients through an eight-week angina management, relaxation techniques, goal-setting, yoga
and exercise. The results were staggering. Fifty per cent of the patients who had been on
waiting list for bypass surgery were taken off by their cardiologists who decided that they no
longer needed it.
So how do you make it work for yourself? Well, it’s far more complex than just
learning to look on the bright side. The key variable in patients getting well is the extent to
which they feel in control of their own emotions. Reorganizing your life and learning self-
help techniques can help put you back in control of these.

Article 2: How to stay cool even when you’re quaking

We all carry round a baggage of attitudes and beliefs that colours our response to new
situations. If you’re lucky, these will be “can-do” messages, but many of us are programmed
for failure. Perhaps every time you stepped out of the door when you were little, your parents
cried “Be careful!”, as if doom and disaster lurked at every turn, or friends say, “I wouldn’t
attempt that if I were you!”, if you hear negative statements often enough, you learn to expect
the worst. The immediate reaction to a new or daunting situation is “I can’t handle it”.
“Most people’s confidence is a level or two below their competency.” Says clinical
psychologist Averil Leimon, director of a company which helps personnel transform their
behaviour. “People need to understand that they really are better than they believe.”

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 Everybody feels fearful in unfamiliar situations that doesn’t mean we should avoid
them. Taking risks, even tiny ones like picking up a telephone to make a complaint, is a
necessary part of accepting adult responsibility. The best strategy you can adopt is to
understand why you feel so fearful and learn how to deal with it, then, when you succeed in a
difficult situation, you’ll feel more confident about approaching it next time around.
The people you admire for their apparent confidence and ability to cope with any
situation are probably feeling just as daunted as you would be, but they don’t let it stand in
their way.
Part 2. (15 points)
The line graph below shows changes in the amount of coffee exported from three
countries between 2002 and 2012. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Part 3. (30 points)

In many countries today insufficient respect is shown to older people. What do you
think may be the reasons for this? What problems might this cause in society?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write no more than 350 words.

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SỞ GD-ĐT BẮC GIANG ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT DUYÊN HẢI
TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẮC GIANG Năm học 2021-2022
Môn thi : Tiếng Anh- Khối 11
(Bài thi gồm 15 trang. Tổng điểm: 200)
PART I. LISTENING (50 points)
I. You will hear part of an interview with someone whose work is concerned with the
design and marketing of products. ( 10 points)

1. David says that the session he has just conducted

A was longer than most sessions he conducts.

B illustrates his own beliefs about focus groups.

C is an example of a new approach to visual planning.

D concentrated as much on positive as negative attitudes to cleaning.

2. What did David know about cleaning products before the session?

A Some people could not make up their minds which ones to buy.

B Manufacturers were concerned about falling sales in them.

C Some of them looked too dull to appeal to shoppers.

D People felt that false claims were made about them.

3. One of the comments made during the session referred to

A regarding the choice of a cleaning product as unimportant.

B cleaning products all looking the same.

C the deliberate misleading of shoppers.

D buying a cleaning product because it is familiar.

4. David says that what the women produced when they were split into groups

A did not focus on what cleaning products actually do.

B presented contrasting images.

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 C was not what they had expected to produce.

D was similar to the presentation of other kinds of product.

5. David says that he has concluded from the session that

A his firm’s methods will need to change slightly.

B he was right to question a certain assumption.

C cleaning products do not fit into a general pattern.

D what he had previously thought was not entirely correct.

II. For questions 6-10, listen to a discussion with an IT consultant and decide
whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points)

6. Paul’s first job began to feel rather monotonous as time went by.

7. Paul does not like to work with clients whom he has worked with previously.

8. Making a good impression on a new team of people is the most difficult aspect of
running his business.

9. Paul firmly believes that he uses his mentor differently from the way others use
theirs.

10. Paul explains that in the coming year he is going to have more variety in his work.
III. For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion between two students called Jess and
To and answer the question below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
each answer. (10 points)
11. Which part of the art project has Tom finished?
_____________________________________________________________________
___
12. Which three aspects of birds in art could Tom do research on?
_____________________________________________________________________
___
13. Which sessions did Tom like the most when visiting the National History
Museum?

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_____________________________________________________________________
___
14. What did Tom have to do with some parts of his proposal?
_____________________________________________________________________
___
15. What did Tom forget to add into his action plan?
___________________________________________________________________
IV. Listen to the news about TV comedies and climate change and fill in the missing
information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS (10 points)
The very first acknowledgement of the greenhouse effect in scripted media appeared
in the 1992 ‘Mr. Plow’, among the most outstanding episodes of the Simpsons, a
(16)_________. Indifference to climate change, however, can be observed in 41% of
American population, which calls for (17)_________. Although scripted media, with
programs ranging from embedded marketing to (18)_________, can substantially
influence individuals’ points of view, only marginal amounts of its screen time is
given to the issue of climate change. In addition to limited time on air, television
comedy triggers the misconception of climate change as ‘non-existent’ by impeding
action and treating activists as (19)_________. Featuring ‘bringing about warmer
weather’ as climate change’s positive side was even considered as (20)_________ by
most viewers, which repeatedly encouraged comedies to use such inappropriate
framing with fixed (21)_________. Such disregard of climate change continued until
the 2010s, when the media had become (22)_________ about the issue, yet further
efforts were needed to raise awareness among the public . During the first decade of
this century, the (23)_________ of characters, exemplified by their extravagant
attitude to the environment, was a great source of humor. However, a (24)_________
is often given to the environmentalist characters before the episode ends, depicting
them as ‘pseudo-environmentalist’ or ‘imperfect’. Thus, repeatedly watching
comedies with such (25)_________ can sternly discourage people from taking action
on climate change.
PART II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points)
I. For questions 1-15, choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.
(20 points)
1.Documentation is required before the drug can get the seal of ____ from world
health authorities.
A. approval B. assent C.consent D.permission
2.Many Americans refused to fall in with the idea that religion is a(n)____ disputable

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anachronism.
A.academically B.cerebrally C.cognitively D.intellectually
3.Many people have written to the newspaper to show their____ of such behaviour.
A.antipathy B.abhorrence C.aversion D.animosity
4.The regular appearance of sex and violence on television undoubtedly has a ____
influence on teenagers.
A.precipitous B.parsimonious C.pernicious D.propitious
5.It’s disquieting that there has been an increased____of cancer near the nuclear power
station.
A.occurence B.accidence C.persistence D.incidence
6.From this year on, under-fives will get travel_____, which certainly makes huge
savings for family trips.
A.consolations B.concessions C.contortion D.constrictions
7.Her____ display of tears at work did not impress her new boss, who felt she should
try to control her emotions.
A.maudlin B.meritorious C.precarious D.plausible
8.Robert is a well-behaved child, but his younger brother is a bit of a(n)_____.
A.handful B.eyeful C.skinful D.armful
9. The teacher, by dint of draconian disciplinary measures, has____ terror among his
students.
A.stimulated B.inspired C.engaged D.stirred
10.The authority should not have made those cutting comments, no matter how
you____ it.
A.cut B.slice C.chop D.clip
11. ________, the diners settled the bill and left the restaurant.
A. Having hunger satisfied B. Their hunger satisfied
C. Hunger been satisfied D. Satisfying their hunger
12. Her parents died when she was a baby, so I ________ family she ever had.
A. was all the B. was the whole
C. was nothing but the D. was everything of the
13. There weren’t many vegetarian dishes ________, although there were several
different
kinds of cheese.
A. like that B. as such C. such that D. such like

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14. It’s a horrible irony, but a bully has to know his victim well ________ effective;
it’s almost impossible to bully strangers.
A. if being B. to be C. in order to D. if they are
15. You can no more swim than I can fly. The sentence means: ________.
A. Both of us can’t swim or fly
B. You can never swim, which I am sure of.
C. Either you or I can fly
D. You can swim as I can fly
16. We are not known _____ at all, and as we grow, we feel a progressive lack of
individual personality.
A.gruellingly B.severally C.expensively D.brusquely
17. He has fled to the mountains of Galicia,______ he cannot possibly escape on
horseback over the border.
A.meanwhile B.heterofore C.whence D.indefinitely
18.While her mother sat at the window, striving to read, the child, who was in one of
her moods of obstreperous gaiety, began playing a grand game.
A.boisterous B.tentative C.creative D.precarious
19.The luxurious office accentuated the manager’s position ____. It enhanced his
power ans his sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small.
A.on the pecking pole B.in the nibbling line
C.at the nipping post D. in the packing order
20.’Have you tried to read the guarantee?’-‘There’s so much legal ___ that it’s
impossible to understand’.
A.mumbo jumbo B.bongo bongo C.abracadabra D.okey-dokey
II. For questions 16-30, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the
numbered space provided (10 points)
21.The_______reservation and donation system too adds to the youths’ inquietude.
(PERVADE)
22.The splendid onomatopoea of ‘hoary roaring sea’ reminds us how well_____ and
alliteration work throughout the poem. (SOUND)
23. I must admit that it is time the organizers dis away with the ______ computer
system and nought a new one. (ANNUAL)
24._____ candidates who actively ccontribute to the development of the company
stand a better chance of being recruited. (GET)
25. Avid descriptions of sophisticated technologies gave the science-fiction novel
‘The War of the Worlds’ a sense of____(SIMILAR).
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26. He is a totally _______ person who deliberately defies all standards. (MORAL)
27. The _______ nations carved up the defeated country into several parts,each taking
an equal share. (VICTORY)
28. They have a duty to set the record straight, otherwise they are conniving at
_______.(FALSE)
29. Cancer is perceived as a heterogeneous group of diseases that is characterized by
_______patterns of gene expression. (ERR)
30. She did not reply, but sat with crimson cheeks and _______ eyes. (CAST)
PART III. READING (60 points)
I. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. (7 points)
Mobile Phone Etiquette
The term 'etiquette' refers to the set of largely unwritten rules and conventions that
govern our everyday behaviour. Many of these rules are reasonable and logical, and
sticking to them makes life easier for everyone. Other aspects of good etiquette might
seem to be somewhat arbitrary, with origins lost in the mists of time; for the most part,
though, we abide by the rules because we don't wish to appear bad-mannered or
disrespectful.
1.

A prime example of this concerns the use of mobile phones. There can be no doubt
that these devices have a host of advantages and that, over the last twenty years or so,
they have revolutionised the way in which people communicate. On the negative side,
though, the fact that mobiles became ubiquitous almost overnight means that there
hasn't been time for society as a whole to develop a set of commonly accepted
guidelines regarding their use.
2.

Journalist, Anne Perkins, was so infuriated by the lack of respect and consideration
shown by some mobile phone users that she decided to set up MobileManners.web.
This website aims to raise awareness of the issue and to encourage people to follow
the Mobile Manners code of conduct when using their mobile.
3.

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Their conversation was well underway when it was interrupted by the ringing of the
celebrity's phone. Not only did he insist on taking the call, but he then proceeded to
carry on a prolonged conversation while Anne was left twiddling her thumbs. The
worst part of this was that he wasn't responding to a family emergency or even
discussing an important business deal. He was simply recounting his exploits of the
previous night at some fashionable nightclub to some sycophantic crony. After
hanging up, he didn't even apologise to Anne, so when his phone rang again, two
minutes later, she cut the interview short and left.
4.

To begin with, the site points out that mobiles are supposed to make your life easier,
not more stressful. You should not feel obliged to answer the phone every time it
rings, nor do you have to respond to text messages immediately. You can, and, most of
the time, should give priority to the people around you.
5.

These are basic points that most people probably have an opinion on, even if they
don't necessarily agree with the Mobile Manners take on things. However, the code
goes on to give Anne's views on a wide range of issues which many of us may never
have thought about before. The topics that should and shouldn't be discussed on a
mobile in public, the types of ringtone that are appropriate for people with certain
jobs, and the times of day when it is inappropriate to send a colleague a text message
are just some of the things that are covered.
6.

Of course, displaying good manners isn't the only thing that people need to think about
in connection to mobiles. Safety is another very important aspect of mobile phone use.
In particular, the issue of using mobiles while driving has been in the headlines in
recent years. A large number of road accidents are believed to have been caused by
drivers who were chatting on the phone or, even worse, texting while on the road.
7.

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All in all, it is clear that it can take some time for us to fully understand the social and
legal ramifications of new technology. This is especially true of a development that
changes the culture as quickly and as radically as the mobile phone has.

A Rude behaviour, like that of the so-called 'star', certainly doesn't adhere to the
Mobile Manners code, the first rule of which is 'Show respect to the people affected by
your mobile phone use'. The website stresses that its founder truly believes that mobile
phones are wonderful devices but that, in a civil society, people should be more
thoughtful about their impact on others.
B Anne says that she had long been annoyed by some impolite people's use of
mobiles, but that the final straw came about six months ago when she was
interviewing a well-known public figure for an article she was writing for a national
newspaper.
C In a number of countries, it is now illegal to use a mobile while you are behind the
wheel. In other places, only hands-free phones are permitted, although this
compromise might still endanger road users, since research has shown that drivers are
far more distracted by a phone conversation than when chatting with another
passenger.
D Problems arise, however, when people disagree about the correct etiquette, or aren't
sure about what the 'done thing' is in a certain situation. This can occur when a
significant change in the lifestyle of people in a community happens too rapidly for
social norms to become ingrained.
E Anne points out that the details aren't crucial, and that she doesn't expect people to
memorise the whole code. The important thing, she says, is that people start thinking
about the issue and modifying their behaviour accordingly. Even if some people start
lowering their voices when talking on their mobiles or switching them to silent mode
when in public places, Anne thinks she will have achieved something and made the
world a slightly more pleasant place.
F The Mobile Manners site is just one of many dealing with this issue that have sprung
up in recent years. There is also a large number of sites dealing with online etiquette
(or 'netiquette) and others covering the correct way (at least in the authors' opinion) to
behave in relation to other technological developments. People clearly feel the need
for guidance in these matters.
G Consequently, otherwise polite people can use their phones in ways that irritate
those around them. And places such as museums, restaurants, cinemas and theatres
have been forced to introduce measures that regulate the use of mobile phones, or in

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some cases ban them outright, because members of the public could not be relied upon
to use their phones in a considerate manner.
H This means that you shouldn't let a ringing phone interrupt a face-to-face
conversation unless you are expecting an important call and, under those
circumstances, it is polite to apologise and say something along the lines of 'Do you
mind if I get that?' before answering the call. Similarly, you should wait for an
appropriate moment to respond to a text, and never try to carry on your conversation
and compose a text message at the same time.
II. For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
space.(15 points)
Greatness
It is rare indeed that we have the opportunity to behold (1) _______work the
titanic forces that prime the Earth's massifs, those monumental ranges that are the (2)
_______ of legend; that represent the pinnacle of human conquest; that tease mankind
and dare it to attempt a summit climb, (3) _______the treachery and deadliness of the
path that leads to dizzying success and immortality. Many have started the quest and
failed, some (4) _______ the ultimate price, and it is not (5) _______ our
mountaineers and explorers who seek to surmount the insurmountable; humanity as a
(6) _______ has, forever it seems, had a morbid sort of fascination with nature's
tallest, indelibly snow-capped peaks. (7) _______ is it only the prospect of their ascent
that piques the interest; it is their very existence; we gaze up at them from the depths
of normality - from the pitiful elevations of ground level - and all of us, in our own (8)
_______, dream of becoming master of their heights and of viewing the world from
atop their menacing crests. The photographer captures his dream in that perfect image,
content to idealise the prospect of the ultimate challenge - it is for others to master, not
him. The writer translates his dreams into prose, romanticising the quest, compelling
other (9) _______ courageous souls to take those first brave steps into the unknown,
whence they may never return, save in lore. The journalist reports their successes and
failures with equal measures of gusto - for him, the story ends well (10) _______ way.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.(10 points)
1) Anthropology distinguishes itself from the other social sciences by its greater
emphasis on fieldwork as the source of new knowledge. The aim of such studies is to
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develop as intimate an understanding as possible of the phenomena investigated.
Although the length of field studies varies from a few weeks to years, it is generally
agreed that anthropologists should stay in the field long enough for their presence to
be considered ‘natural’ by the permanent residents.
2) Realistically, however, anthropologists may never reach this status. Their foreign
mannerisms make them appear clownish, and so they are treated with curiosity and
amusement. If they speak the local language at all, they do so with a strange accent
and flawed grammar. They ask tactless questions and inadvertently break rules
regarding how things are usually done. Arguably this could be an interesting starting
point for research, though it is rarely exploited. Otherwise, anthropologists take on the
role of the ‘superior expert’, in which case they are treated with deference and respect,
only coming into contact with the most high-ranking members of the society.
Anthropologists with this role may never witness the gamut of practices which take
place in all levels of the society.
3) No matter which role one takes on, anthropologists generally find fieldwork
extremely demanding. Anthropological texts may read like an exciting journey of
exploration, but rarely is this so. Long periods of time spent in the field are generally
characterised by boredom, illness and frustration. Anthropologists in the field
encounter unfamiliar climates, strange food and low standards of hygiene. It is often
particularly trying for researchers with middle-class, European backgrounds to adapt
to societies where being alone is considered pitiful. It takes a dedicated individual to
conduct research which is not in some way influenced by these personal discomforts.
4) Nonetheless, fieldwork requires the researcher to spend as much time as possible in
local life. A range of research methodologies can be utilised to extract information. (1)
These can be classified as emic or etic. (2) While emic descriptions are considered
more desirable nowadays, they are difficult to attain, even if the researcher does his
utmost to reproduce the facts from the natives’ point of view. (3) More often than not,
aspects of the researcher’s own culture, perspective and literary style seep into the
narrative. Moreover, research generally involves translations from one language to
another and from speech into writing. In doing this, the meaning of utterances is
changed. (4) The only truly emic descriptions can be those given by the natives
themselves in their own vernacular.
5) The least invasive type of research methodology is observation. Here, the
researcher studies the group and records findings without intruding too much on their
privacy. This is not to say, however, that the presence of the researcher will have
minimal impact on the findings. An example was Richard Borshay Lee, who, in
studying local groups in the Kalahari refused to provide the people with food so as not

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to taint his research, leading to an inevitable hostility towards the researcher which
would not otherwise have been present.
6) A variant on the observation technique, participant observation requires that the
anthropologist not only observes the culture, but participates in it too. It allows for
deeper immersion into the culture studied, hence a deeper understanding of it. By
developing a deeper rapport with the people of the culture, it is hoped they will open
up and divulge more about their culture and way of life than can simply be observed.
Participant observation is still an imperfect methodology, however, since populations
may adjust their behavior around the researcher, knowing that they are the subject of
research.
7) The participatory approach was conceived in an attempt to produce as emic a
perspective as possible. The process involves not just the gathering of information
from local people, but involves them in the interpretation of the findings. That is,
rather than the researcher getting actively involved in the processes within the local
community, the process is turned on its head. The local community is actively
involved in the research process.
1. The main premise of the text is :
A. the steps to be followed when undertaking anthropological fieldwork.
B. a history of anthropological fieldwork methodology.
C. the effects that an anthropological fieldwork has on local communities.
D. the problems with conducting anthropological fieldwork.
2. The main reason for anthropological researchers remaining in a community for an
extended period of time is that:
A. they can gather as much information as possible.
B. they can try out a range of different research methodologies.
C. they want local people to behave naturally around them.
D. they need time to become accustomed to the conditions.
3. What does the passage say about researchers who are considered a ‘clown’ by
locals?
A. They do culturally unacceptable things without realising it.
B. They do not gain respect among high-ranking members of the community.
C. They cannot conduct any research of value.

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 D. They do not study the language and culture of the region before their arrival.
4. What does ‘gamut’ mean?
A. idea or impression
B. prohibition or taboo
C. range or extent
D. secret or mystery
5. The writer believes that the most difficult aspect of fieldwork for educated
westerners is
A. the lack of companionship.
B. poor sanitary conditions.
C. failure to meet expectations.
D. never being left alone.
6. In paragraph 3, it is implied that:
A. the fieldworker’s emotions and mood prejudice the research.
B. the longer a researcher spends in the field, the more depressed he gets.
C. middle-class Europeans find field research more difficult than researchers
from other backgrounds.
D. anthropological texts tend to exaggerate the difficult conditions that
researchers
experience.
7. Where in paragraph 4 does this sentence belong?
A native’s point of view of his own lifestyle is emic, while the analytical
perspective of the outsider is etic.
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
8. Why is the example of Richard Borshay Lee given in paragraph 5?
A. to demonstrate that observation is an ineffective method of gathering data.
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 B. to highlight why it is important that researchers minimize their impact on a
community.
C. to show the dangers of researchers trying to lessen their impact on a
community
D. to show how a researcher’s choice of methodology can influence the validity
of his findings.
9. How does participant observation differ vary from straightforward observation?
A. It requires the researcher to become actively involved in the daily lives of
those being studied.
B. It allows the subjects of the research a greater degree of privacy.
C. It eradicates the problem of research subjects altering their behaviour
towards
researchers.
D. It takes longer to perform this type of research effectively.
10. Which of the following is NOT true of the participatory approach?
A. It attempts to reduce etic accounts of a culture to a minimum.
B. It does not require a researcher to be present.
C. It aims to involve the subjects in both information gathering and analysis.
D. It is the reverse of the participant observation technique
IV. Read the passage and do the tasks. (13 points)

Why we need to protect polar bears

Polar bears are being increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, but
their disappearance could have far-reaching consequences. They are uniquely adapted
to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, where temperatures can reach -40°C.
One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimetres of fat underneath their skin.
Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and
would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease. Yet the polar bear
experiences no such consequences.

A 2014 study by Shi Ping Liu and colleagues sheds light on this mystery. They
compared the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a
warmer climate, the brown bears.

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This allowed them to determine the genes that have allowed polar bears to survive in
one of the toughest environments on Earth. Liu and his colleagues found the polar
bears had a gene known as APoB, which reduces levels of low-density lipoproteins
(LDLs) - a form of ‘bad’ cholesterol. In humans, mutations of this gene are associated
with increased risk of heart disease. Polar bears may therefore be an important study
model to understand heart disease in humans.

The genome of the polar bear may also provide the solution for another condition, one
that particularly affects our older generation: osteoporosis. This is a disease where
bones show reduced density, usually caused by insufficient exercise, reduced calcium
intake or food starvation. Bone tissue is constantly being remodelled, meaning that
bone is added or removed, depending on nutrient availability and the stress that the
bone is under. Female polar bears, however, undergo extreme conditions during every
pregnancy. Once autumn comes around, these females will dig maternity dens in the
snow and will remain there throughout the winter, both before and after the birth of
their cubs. This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears
have to keep themselves and their cubs alive, depleting their own calcium and calorie
reserves. Despite this, their bones remain strong and dense.

Physiologists Alanda Lennox and Allen Goodship found an explanation for this
paradox in 2008.

They discovered that pregnant bears were able to increase the density of their bones
before they started to build their dens. In addition, six months later, when they finally
emerged from the den with their cubs, there was no evidence of significant loss of
bone density. Hibernating brown bears do not have this capacity and must therefore
resort to major bone reformation in the following spring. If the mechanism of bone
remodelling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans, and even
astronauts, could potentially benefit.

The medical benefits of the polar bear for humanity certainly have their importance in
our conservation efforts, but these should not be the only factors taken into
consideration. We tend to want to protect animals we think are intelligent and possess
emotions, such as elephants and primates. Bears, on the other hand, seem to be
perceived as stupid and in many cases violent. And yet anecdotal evidence from the
field challenges those assumptions, suggesting for example that polar bears have good
problem-solving abilities. A male bear called GoGo in Tennoji Zoo, Osaka, has even
been observed making use of a tool to manipulate his environment. The bear used a
tree branch on multiple occasions to dislodge a piece of meat hung out of his reach.
Problem-solving ability has also been witnessed in wild polar bears, although not as
obviously as with GoGo. A calculated move by a male bear involved running and
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jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform four
metres high.

In other studies, such as one by Alison Ames in 2008, polar bears showed deliberate
and focussed manipulation. For example, Ames observed bears putting objects in piles
and then knocking them over in what appeared to be a game. The study demonstrates
that bears are capable of agile and thought-out behaviours. These examples suggest
bears have greater creativity and problem-solving abilities than previously thought.

As for emotions, while the evidence is once again anecdotal, many bears have been
seen to hit out at ice and snow - seemingly out of frustration - when they have just
missed out on a kill. Moreover, polar bears can form unusual relationships with other
species, including playing with the dogs used to pull sleds in the Arctic. Remarkably,
one hand-raised polar bear called Agee has formed a close relationship with her owner
Mark Dumas to the point where they even swim together. This is even more
astonishing since polar bears are known to actively hunt humans in the wild.

If climate change were to lead to their extinction, this would mean not only the loss of
potential breakthroughs in human medicine, but more importantly, the disappearance
of an intelligent, majestic animal.

In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

1. Polar bears suffer from various health problems due to the build-up of fat
under their skin.
2. The study done by Liu and his colleagues compared different groups of polar
bears.
3. Liu and colleagues were the first researchers to compare polar bears and
brown bears genetically.
4. Polar bears are able to control their levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol by genetic
means.
5. Female polar bears are able to survive for about six months without food.
6. It was found that the bones of female polar bears were very weak when they
came out of their dens in spring.
7. The polar bear’s mechanism for increasing bone density could also be used
by people one day.

Questions 8-13.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your
answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

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 Reasons why polar bears should be protected
People think of bears as unintelligent and 8................
However, this may not be correct. For example:
• In Tennoji Zoo, a bear has been seen using a branch as a 9............
This allowed him to knock down some 10................
• A wild polar bear worked out a method of reaching a platform where a
11……………… was located.
• Polar bears have displayed behaviour such as conscious manipulation of objects
and activity similar to a 12
Bears may also display emotions. For example:
• They may make movements suggesting 13................if disappointed when
hunting.
• They may form relationships with other species.

V.You are going to read an article about some children. (15 points)

DEAF CHILDREN’S AD HOC LANGUAGE EVOLVES AND INSTRUCTS

A. A deep insight into the way the brain learns language has emerged from the study
of Nicaraguan sign language, invented by deaf children in a Nicaraguan school as a
means of communicating among themselves. The Nicaraguan children are well-known
to linguists because they provide an apparently unique example of people inventing a
language from scratch. The phenomenon started at a school for special education
founded in 1977. Instructors noticed that the deaf children, while absorbing little from
their Spanish lessons, had developed a system of signs for talking to one another. As
one generation of children taught the system to the next, it evolved from a set of
gestures into a far more sophisticated form of communication, and today’s 800 users
of the language provide a living history of the stages of formation.

B. The children have been studied principally by Dr. Judy Kegi, a linguist at the
University of Southern Maine, and Dr. Ann Senghas, a cognitive scientist at Columbia
University in New York City. In the latest study, published in Science magazine, Dr.
Senghas shows that the younger children have now decomposed certain gestures into
smaller component signs. A hearing person asked to mime a standard story about a cat
waddling down a street will make a single gesture, a downward spiral motion of the
hand. But the deaf children have developed two different signs to use in its place.
They sign a circle for the rolling motion and then a straight line for the direction of
movement. This requires more signing, but the two signs can be used in combination
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with others to express different concepts. The development is of interest to linguists
because it captures a principal quality of human language - discrete elements usable in
different combinations - in contrast to the one sound, one meaning of animal
communication. 'The regularity she documents here - mapping discrete aspects of the
world onto discrete word choices - is one of the most distinctive properties of human
language,’ said Dr. Steven Pinker, a cognitive scientist at Harvard University.

C. When people with no common language are thrown into contact, they often develop
an ad hoc language known to linguists as a pidgin language, usually derived from one
of the parent languages. Pidgins are rudimentary systems with minimal grammar and
utterances. But in a generation or two, the pidgins acquire grammar and become
upgraded to what linguists call creoles. Though many new languages have been
created by the pidgin-creole route, the Nicaraguan situation is unique, Dr. Senghas
said, because its starting point was not a complex language but ordinary gestures.
From this raw material, the deaf children appear to be spontaneously fabricating the
elements of language.

D. Linguists have been engaged in a longstanding argument as to whether there is an

innate, specialized neural machinery for learning language, as proposed by Noam
Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or whether everything is
learned from scratch. Dr. Senghas says her finding supports the view that language
learning is innate, not purely cultural, since the Nicaraguan children's disaggregation
of gestures appears to be spontaneous. Her result also upholds the idea that children
play an important part in converting a pidgin into a creole. Because children's minds
are primed to learn the rules of grammar, it is thought, they spontaneously impose
grammatical structure on a pidgin that doesn’t have one.

E. The Nicaraguan children are a living laboratory of language generation. Dr.

Senghas, who has been visiting their school every year since 1990, said she had
noticed how the signs for numbers have developed. Originally the children represented
'20' by flicking the fingers of both hands in the air twice. But this cumbersome sign
has been replaced with a form that can now be signed with one hand. The children
don't care that the new sign doesn’t look like a 20, Dr. Senghas said; they just want a
symbol that can be signed fast.

In which section of the article are the following mentioned?

1. an example of a sign that has become simpler

2. the difference between how the deaf children communicate an image
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 3. and how other people communicate the same image
4. the fact that the same signs can be used in the communication of a number of
ideas
5. the characteristics of languages in general at different stages of
their development
6. a belief that language is learnt by means of a specific part of the mind
7. an aspect of language learning that children are particularly good at
8. how regularly the children have been monitored
9. older children passing their sign language on to younger children
10. the reason why the children created a particular sign

D. WRITING (60 pts)

Part 1. Summary (15 pts)
Read the following text and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary
should be about 100-120 words long.

Working from home is a relatively new phenomenon, but is becoming an increasingly

popular option with both businesses and employees. The technology available to us
means that we no longer need to be in the same office building as our colleagues to
communicate effectively with each other. Companies may choose to employ a
proportion of their staff as home-based workers, as, of course, a workforce set up in
such a way requires far less office space and fewer parking facilities. The fixed costs
of a business can be dramatically reduced. Employees can enjoy the added benefits of
freedom to schedule the day as they choose and freedom to spend more time at home
with their families. We can even go so far as to say that the working-from-home
phenomenon could be one of the answers to the pollution problems which the modern
world has inflicted upon itself. Fewer people travelling to work every day equals
fewer cars. Fewer cars, of course, equates to lower CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

But what are the drawbacks to working at home? For many of us, work is a means of
escaping our nearest and dearest and making our own mark on the world. The
relationships we have with our colleagues are a significant part of our life - after all,
full-time workers spend a third of their day in their workplace. Some people who work
from home feel that they are actually much more productive and can get tasks done in
a much shorter time than in an office environment. Others, however, may be
demotivated by the isolation and find it difficult to get down to tasks which have a
more intangible deadline.

Part 2. Chart description.(15pts)

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The chart below shows how frequently people in the USA ate in fast food
restaurants between 2003 and 2013.

Part 3: Write an essay of no more than 350 words to express your opinion on the
following issue (30 pts)
Some people view conflict between teenagers and parents as a necessary part of
growing up, while others view it as something negative which should be avoided.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

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TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN BẮC KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT
NINH CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG
TỔ TIẾNG ANH BẮC BỘ

NĂM HỌC 2021-2022

(ĐỀ ĐỀ XUẤT) MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – KHỐI 11
_________________________________________

I. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1: You will hear a woman talking about caffeine. Listen and decide whether the
following sentences are true (T) or false (F). (10 points)
1. The desired effects of caffeine are brought by its role in enabling the proper function of
specific receptors in the brain.

2. Daily consumption of caffeine products has a long history, only at irregular intervals.

3. The local popularity Chinese tea enjoyed was preceded by its global reputation.

4. Caffeine consumption has become a part of the US beverage culture.

5. Caffeine has a risk warning, which led to a ban on the bulk sale of caffeine-infused beverages
by the US government.

Part 2: You will hear part of the lecture about the history of fireworks in Europe. Write
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording. (10
points))

1. What did the European emperors use fireworks to celebrate?

__________________________________________________________

2. In the late 17th century, what could be deployed to enable sailors to navigate at sea?

__________________________________________________________

3. Where was the contribution of fireworks specialists overlooked?

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 __________________________________________________________

4. What were featured in Grand displays in Paris, composed by Giovanni Servandoni, an

architect and stage designer?

__________________________________________________________

5. Whom did the Italian specialists desire to appeal during their journey around Europe?

__________________________________________________________

Part 3: Listen to a radio discussion about children who invent imaginary friends and
choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)

10. In the incident that Liz describes

A. her daughter asked her to stop the car.

B. she had to interrupt the journey twice.

C. she got angry with her daughter.

D. her daughter wanted to get out of the car.

11. What does the presenter say about the latest research into imaginary friends?

A. It contradicts other research on the subject.

B. It shows that the number of children who have them is increasing.

C. It indicates that negative attitudes towards them are wrong.

D. It focuses on the effect they have on parents.

12. How did Liz feel when her daughter had an imaginary friend?

A. always confident that it was only a temporary situation

B. occasionally worried about the friend's importance to her daughter

C. slightly confused as to how she should respond sometimes

D. highly impressed by her daughter's inventiveness

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14. Karen says that the teenager who had invented a superhero is an example of

A. a very untypical teenager.

B. a problem that imaginary friends can cause.

C. something she had not expected to discover.

D. how children change as they get older.

15. According to Karen, how should parents react to imaginary friends?

A. They should pretend that they like the imaginary friend.

B. They shouldn't get involved in the child's relationship with the friend.

C. They should take action if the situation becomes annoying.

D. They shouldn't discuss the imaginary friend with their child.

Part 4: Listen to a recording about a growth mindset and complete the summary by
writing NO MORE THAN THREE words and/or a number in each gap. (20 points)

Growth mindset has acquired 1.________ these days with studies indicating greater success for
those who embrace efforts and learning than those who are merely supportive of 2. __________.
Similarly, deceptive behaviours are found in companies encouraging talent game while higher
rates of innovative developments, greater 3. _________ as well as more dedicated staff are
reported in companies supporting growth. However, a growth mindset can also be
misinterpreted.

One common misconception is to dismiss the evolutionary nature of growth and to mistake
features such as a 4.________ or receptiveness for a growth mindset. Next, people might
misinterpret endeavors as a sure component of a growth mindset while not attaching enough
significance to 5. _______ which involve the lessons learnt, progress made and processes
engaged in. Finally, organisations may solely announce their goals to achieve 6. _________
without 7. ______ and _________.

All in all, organisations that encourage a growth zone value learning and support certain levels of
8. ________. In such environments, not 9._________ but ________ is espoused, and the concept
of “growth” must be truly delivered to employees through actions. The fixed mindset that
triggers 10.__________ in response to negative feedback might be an obstacle to growth
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thinking; therefore, the key is to get insight into what a growth mindset truly means and how to
put it into practice.

II. LEXICO - GRAMMAR (3 points)

Part 1. Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences. (20 points)

1. Beneath the streets of a modem city_______ of walls, columns, cables, pipes,and tunnels
required to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants.

A. where exists B. the existing network

C. the network’s existence D. exists the network

2. Everything looks very positive for the company, _______ the current investors do not default
on their agreements.

A. assuming that B. whether C. whereas D. as if

3. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United
States_______

A. as Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

B. rather than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

C. than did Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

D. more than Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.

4. I would rather _______ my holiday in Egypt than in Turkey. I really couldn’t stand the food.

A. take B had taken C. to have taken D.

have taken

5. According to a recent report, the disease is rare, affecting _______ ten thousand adults.

A. out of every one B. the only one of

C. every one from D. only one out of every

6. I feel a bit wary that people seem so eager to make a _______ of faith about driverless cars
being free to drive in our street.

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A. hop B. jerk C. leap D. twitch

7. He has secured a loan for a new building by ______ upon the resources of two existing
tenants.

A. dwelling B. training C. playing D. drawing

8. They worked _______ all weekend, trying to get it finished on time.

A. ferociously B. furiously C. indignantly D. outrageously

9. Individuals are being arrested and detained for lengthy periods, often without trial, for
disseminating information judged to be ______ via the Internet.

A. frolicsome B. unpropitious C. pedestrian D. Seditious

10. The sun ______ down with merciless intensity on the six men adrift in the life boat.

A. shone B. scared C. glared D. flared

11. He was found to have provided the court with ______ evidence.

A. doctored B. tampered C. feigned D. shammed

12. The story _____ well, indicating that sports obsession is a universal quality.

A. travels B. carries C. sails D. crosses

13. Her legs were starting to grow tired and sore, and a _____ of pain was ______ in her side.

A. stitch / erupting B. crick / arousing C. prick / bursting D. throb / surging

14. Some find it hard to _____ themselves to the new working condition.

A. apply B. accommodate C. habituate D. conduct

15. She deliberately _____ the waters by constantly referring to other irrelevant cases.

A. sullied B. muddied C. blemished D. shrouded

16. The president claims the new media is _____ hostile to his initiatives.

A. impalpably B. implacably C. impeccably D. implausibly

17. Talking about the quality of your work behind your back was a _____ tactic on her part!

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A. know-how B. look-out C. low-down D. show-down

18. Research in this field is of relatively recent _____; that’s why I’m not conversant with it.

A. progress B. caliber C. vantage D. vintage

19. He said my novel showed promise. He liked the style and the story-line, and he was ____ just
to be kind.

A. getting his bearings B. flexing his muscles C. pulling his punches D.

spreading his wings

20. How am I expected to _____ a meal for six of his friends with almost nothing in the fridge?

A. conjure up B. eke out C. hack down D. roll in

Part 2: Write the correct form of word in each blank. (10 points)

1. Sometimes I'm really shocked by the (CONTEMP) behaviour of shop assistants.

2. The police (EXAMINE) the accusing man about how the accident had occurred.

3. The thing you have done makes a player in your team feel that he or she is being (LINE) .
Give everyone a chance to play.

4. The chairman of this company is merely a (HEAD), the Chief Executive is the one who is
truly in control.

5. The total (TON) of the bombs flopped in the Vietnam War increases every year as more
bombs are unearthed.

6. He looked at the policeman with (DEFY), as if he were asking for a fight.

7. She received a (PLENTY) of presents on her birthday - it would surely take the whole day to
open them.

8. The sides are bluish green above, violet in the middle, red beneath, (VARIANT) with oval
spots of brilliant silver.
9. When going on business trip, Henry enjoys staying in luxurious hotels that offer (POINT)
suites.
10. He was born into a (BLOOD) family; therefore, he had an opportunity to attend the most
prestigious private school in the country.
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III. READING (60 points)

Part 1: Fill in each blank with ONE word. (15 points)

We’ve all been there and come back with a T-shirt bearing a slogan about it – The Failed
Holiday. The kids are bored stiff you can’t find a decent restaurant for love nor 1.______, the
cafes are all full and you are fed up. Tempers fray and you are left wondering why you went
away in the first place 2.______ a good way to spend precious holiday time. But there is a way
of escaping the stresses of being away from home. Staying in an all-inclusive hotel 3.______ you
don’t have to 4.______, meals, activities or night life, as everything is catered for, leaving you to
5.______ back, relax and enjoy your holiday. Most importantly, all-inclusive holidays 6.______
at all-inclusive prices, so you pay for everything before you go away. And don’t think you’ll be
7.______ to one or two resorts. These days, holiday companies offer all-inclusive deals in every
main resort around the Mediterranean, as well as more exotic locations such as the Caribbean or
the Maldives. If you think this is the sort of holiday you are after, there are a few things to keep
in 8.______. Firstly, remember that you’ll be spending most of your time in the hotel, so make
sure you choose one which has the facilities you require. If you’re travelling as a family
9.______, many hotels offer excellent children’s facilities such as kid’s clubs, playgrounds and
crèches. For older children, there are a number of hotels offering supervised activities for teens
while others offer 10.______ sport facilities including team games, water sports and gym
facilities.

Part 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. (10 points)

I have been asked what I think about the idea of ‘Investing in People’. The best answer I can
give is that I think that what it tries to achieve - basically making the link between business
improvement and focusing on the needs of the people who work for an organisation - is great.
My problem is with organisations who subscribe to it as a way to help them 'get better', when
they don't bother to understand where they went wrong in the first place. They need to ask what
explicit and implicit policies and procedures they have in place that prevent their people from
being able

to do the right thing for the right reasons.

I am sure that there are managers out there who don't know any better, and assume that to
manage they simply need to put pressure on their people to perform. [A] But people don't

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demonstrate high performance because they are told to. [B] They do it because they see the need
to do it, and make the choice to do so. They do it because they are connected to the business
goals and they see how their contributions can help achieve them. [C] But simply putting ticks in
boxes is no good if it doesn't reflect reality. [D]

I know of a company that was so concerned that its people were doing the 'right thing' that it put
in place a series of metrics to measure their effectiveness. So far, so good. But one of the
objectives - making successful sales calls - manifested itself in the metric 'Number of potential
customers seen in one day'. The sales people obviously focused their efforts on going from one
customer's office to another, and not on closing deals. Instead of the employees becoming more
effective,they focused on getting the boxes ticked. Good intent; poor thinking.

Another company wanted to improve the speed with which it was able to introduce new
products. Competition was beating it to the market place, and consequently the company was
losing market share. Senior management sent out the message to reduce the time spent in getting
products into customers' hands, with the explanation that they couldn't afford delays. This was a
relatively easy task,especially since the time spent testing the products was cut in half to
accomplish the time reduction. The result was new products were introduced in less time than
those of the competition - but soon rejected by customers for poor quality. Good intent; reckless
implementation.

A third company I know is trying hard to help employees see that they have some control over
their future. The company instituted a programme with a title like 'Creating our own future' or
something like that. A good idea; get the people involved in the future of the company. But
instead of the employees becoming motivated to contribute, they saw it as a hollow exercise on
the part of senior management who, in the past, had paid little attention to anything other than
getting the job done so they could report great earnings. Yes, the programme was a big 'tick the
box' effort, but that was all it was in the minds of the people that it was designed for.

A final example is of a company that brought in one of these 'Investing in People' programmes to
change the way the company was run. Assessors were running around like crazy, helping
managers examine how they managed. They told managers how they could manage better. And
when the programme was over, the company was able to say they had done it- it had invested in
its people and life was now good. But after all, the assessors were gone, and they again had
targets to hit.

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All these examples are representative of senior management who see the need to improve things
in their organisation, but don't see how to do it. For a start, a programme targeted at improving
things is only as good as management's ability to motivate their people. And when the employees
simply see the programme as a box-ticking exercise, then it's hopeless.

1. The writer thinks that putting the concept of 'Investing in People' into practice _______.

A. frequently results in confusion among the people it is supposed to help

B. involves more effort than some organizations are prepared to make

C. may create problems where previously there had not been any problems

D. is something that some organizations should attempt to do

2. What is the writer's attitude when using the phrase 'get better' in the first paragraph?

A. ironic B.humorous C. indignant D.practical

3. The writer's main point in the second paragraph is that the performance of employees
_______.

A. may be very good even if management is poor

B. cannot be accurately measured by any box-ticking exercise

C. is related to their knowledge of the organization as a whole

D. is not as unpredictable as some managers believe it to be

4. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C] or [D] best indicates where in the second
paragraph the sentence “Such managers may tell themselves they can put a 'tick' in the 'we care
about people' box.” can be inserted?

A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]

5. What point does the writer make about the first company he describes?

A. It was not really interested in measuring the effectiveness of employees.

B. The targets that it set for staff were unrealistic.

C. It failed to understand the real needs of its employees.

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 D. The data that it collected did not measure what it was supposed to measure.

6. What point does the writer make about the second company he describes?

A. It made what should have been an easy task into a complicated one.

B. It failed to foresee the consequences of an instruction.

C. It misunderstood why a new approach was required.

D. It refused to take into account the views of employees.

7. What does the writer say about the programme introduced by the third company he mentions?

A. Employees did not believe that it had been introduced for their benefit.

B. Employees felt that it was in fact a way of making their jobs even harder.

C. The reason given for introducing it was not the real reason why it was introduced.

D. It was an inappropriate kind of programme for this particular organization.

8. The writer says that the programme in his final example.

A. was too demanding for managers to maintain long-term

B. was treated as a self-contained exercise by managers

C. involved some strange ideas on how managers could improve

D. caused managers to believe that their previous methods had been better

9. What does the writer mean by using the phrase 'they again had targets to hit'?

A. Setting targets and achieving them are a common thing in the mentioned company.

B. Despite the programme, the company did not deviate from conventional business practices.

C. The company were made up of goal-oriented managers and staff members.

D. Managers in the company were quite oblivious to change and innovation.-

10. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Box ticking requires a coordination of efforts.

B. Box ticking is being misinterpreted by businesses.

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 C. Box ticking will need further revision along the way.

D. Box ticking has become obsolete for businesses.

Part 3: For questions 1-13, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (13
points)

Assessing the risk

A. As a title for a supposedly unprejudiced debate on scientific progress, “Panic attack:

interrogating our obsession with risk” did not bode well. Held last week at the Royal Institution
in London, the event brought together scientists from across the world to ask why society is so
obsessed with risk and to call for a “more rational” approach. “We seem to be organising society
around the grandmotherly maxim of ‘better safe than sorry’,” exclaimed Spiked, the online
publication that organised the event. “What are the consequences of this overbearing concern
with risks?”

B. The debate was preceded by a survey of 40 scientists who were invited to describe how awful
our lives would be if the “precautionary principle” had been allowed to prevail in the past. Their
response was: no heart surgery or antibiotics, and hardly any drugs at all; no aeroplanes, bicycles
or high-voltage power grids; no pasteurisation, pesticides or biotechnology; no quantum
mechanics; no wheel; no “discovery” of America. In short, their message was: no risk, no gain.

C. They have absolutely missed the point. The precautionary principle is a subtle idea. It has
various forms, but all of them generally include some notion of cost-effectiveness. Thus the
point is not simply to ban things that are not known to be absolutely safe. Rather, it says: “Of
course you can make no progress without risk. But if there is no obvious gain from taking the
risk, then don’t take it.”

D. Clearly, all the technologies listed by the 40 well-chosen savants were innately risky at their
inception, as all technologies are. But all of them would have received the green light under the

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precautionary principle because they all had the potential to offer tremendous benefits – the
solutions to very big problems – if only the snags could be overcome.

E. If the precautionary principle had been in place, the scientists tell us, we would not have
antibiotics. But of course, we would – if the version of the principle that sensible people now
understand had been applied. When penicillin was discovered in the 1920s, infective bacteria
were laying waste to the world. Children died from diphtheria and whooping cough, every
opendrain brought the threat of typhoid, and any wound could lead to septicaemia and even
gangrene.

F. Penicillin was turned into a practical drug during the Second World War when the many
pestilences that result from were threatened to kill more people than the bombs. Of course
antibiotics were a priority. Of course, the risks, such as they could be perceived, were worth
taking.

G. And so with the other items on the scientists’ list: electric light bulbs, blood transfusions.
CAT scans, knives, the measles vaccine – the precautionary principle would have prevented all
of them, they tell us. But this is just plain wrong. If the precautionary principle had been applied
properly, all these creations would have passed muster, because all offered incomparable
advantages compared to the risks perceived at the time.

H. Another issue is at stake here. Statistics are not the only concept people use when weighing
up risk. Human beings, subtle and evolved creatures that we are, do not survive to three-score
years and ten simply by thinking like pocket calculators. A crucial issue is the consumer’s
choice. In deciding whether to pursue the development of new technology, the consumer’s right
to choose should be considered alongside considerations of risk and benefit. Clearly, skiing is
more dangerous than genetically modified tomatoes. But people who ski choose to do so; they do
not have skiing thrust upon them by portentous experts of the kind who now feel they have the

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right to reconstruct our crops. Even with skiing, there is the matter of cost-effectiveness to
consider: skiing, I am told, is exhilarating. Where is the exhilaration in GM soya?

I. Indeed, in contrast to all the other items on Spiked’s list, GM crops stand out as an example of
a technology whose benefits are far from clear. Some of the risks can at least be defined. But in
the present economic climate, the benefits that might accrue from them seem dubious. Promoters
of GM crops believe that the future population of the world cannot be fed without them. That is
untrue. The crops that really matter are wheat and rice, and there is no GM research in the
pipeline that will seriously affect the yield of either. GM is used to make production cheaper and
hence more profitable, which is an extremely questionable ambition.

J. The precautionary principle provides the world with a very important safeguard. If it had been
in place in the past it might, for example, have prevented insouciant miners from polluting major
rivers with mercury. We have come to a sorry pass when scientists, who should above all be
dispassionate scholars, feel they should misrepresent such a principle for the purposes of
commercial and political propaganda. People at large continue to mistrust science and the high
technologies it produces partly because they doubt the wisdom of scientists. On such evidence as
this, these doubts are fully justified.

Questions 1-6

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1 The title of the debate is not unbiased.

2 All the scientists invited to the debate were from the field of medicine.

3 The message those scientists who conducted the survey were sending was people shouldn’t
take risks. 4 All the 40 listed technologies are riskier than other technologies.

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5 It was worth taking the risks to invent antibiotics.

6 All the other inventions on the list were also judged by the precautionary principle.

Questions 7-13: Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

When applying the precautionary principle to decide whether to invent a new technology, people
should also the consideration of the 7_________________, along with the usual consideration of
8_________________For example, though risky and dangerous enough, people still enjoy
9_________________for the excitement it provides. On the other hand, experts believe that
future population desperately needs 10_________________in spite of their undefined risks.
However, the researchers conducted so far have not been directed towards increasing the yield of
11_________________ , but to reduce the cost of 12_________________and to bring more
profit out of it. In the end, such selfish use of the precautionary principle for business and
political gain has often led people to 13_________________science for they believe scientists
are not to be trusted.

Part 4. You are going to read an article about graphology. Seven paragraphs have been
removed .from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap
(1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use (7 points)

Graphology is the study and analysis of handwriting in order to assess the personality and other
traits of the writer. As a means of providing in-depth details of personality, graphology is based
on the principle that most people write differently to the way they were taught at school. A
unique pattern is formed on the page in the way a writer combines characters from left to right
and from top to bottom.

1______

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Physical, mental and emotional characteristics are revealed. Handwriting is an exposure of a
person's current state of mind, feelings and body. An experienced graphologist can also detect
past influences and perhaps, future potential.

2______

When Michon published the results of his many years of research into handwriting movements,
the subject began to arouse public interest. His method was popular, owing to its simplicity. He
studied certain elements in handwriting, namely the 'stroke', the letters, words, paragraphs and
free movements (dots on i's and bars on t's).

3______

Crepieux-Jamin spent his life collating and improving upon Michon's observations and is
credited with founding the School of Isolated Signs, which linked specific handwriting elements
to specific traits. He defined the various elements of handwriting and divided them into seven
categories: dimension, form , pressure, speed , direction , layout and continuity.

4______

At around the same time, in Germany, William T. Preyer recognised the fact that handwriting is,
in fact, brainwriting. He theorised that should a writer lose his writing arm, as did Nelson, for
example, and have to use the opposite hand, or even the foot or mouth in the case of paralysis,
the same basic tendencies will appear in the script, although obviously executed with less
fluency at first.

5______

Dr Max Pulver, a renowned psychologist with a deep interest in graphology, was to make a
further contribution. He divided handwriting into three 'zones' - vertical movement, horizontal
movement and depth. This clarified aspects of handwriting previously misunderstood.

6______

At that time, many graphologists came to Britain hoping to continue their profession, only to find
the subject virtually unknown. In order to bring it to public attention, several graphologists
produced books for the layman. This was a breakthrough for graphology, and public reaction
indicated there was a demand for more information on the subject.

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7______

Since graphology can give an all-round accurate specific handwriting elements to specific traits.
He profile, there is a deeper insight into a person's whole defined the various elements of
handwriting and character. There is also an elimination of the divided them into seven
categories: dimension, form, problem of premeditated candidate responses and any attempts at
deception are detectable to the graphologists. Strengths and weaknesses are emphasized, as well
as many other features that are relevant to the appointment.

Part 5: The passage below consists of five sections marked A-E. Read the passage and do
the task that follows. Write your answers (A-E) in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. (15 points)

A. There are now five times as many cases of food poisoning as there were 20 years ago. It's
partly down to the fact that we eat out more often. Consider that one in men and one in three five
women admit that they don't wash their hands after going to the toilet or before preparing food;
it's enough to put you off popping out for a quick bite on a Friday night. And before you reach
for one of those mints sitting on the counter by the till, think how many non-hand-washers have
dipped their fingers into that bowl. But the problem isn't restricted to grubby eateries. More than
half of food poisoning infections are acted in the home. This may be because people are eating
more pre-prepared food and shopping less often, so is stored for longer. But most food poisoning
is preventable if you know what you're doing.

B. Next time you have a headache, don't automatically reach for painkillers. Using them too
often could be more dangerous than you think. For a vulnerable minority, the route to addiction
can be alarmingly fast. It's thought that overusing painkillers leads to changes in the way the
handles pain signals, so it becomes oversensitive to stimuli that wouldn't normally cause pain. As
the pain threshold lowers, people seek out stronger medication and increase the dosage and soon
they are hooked. Somewhere along the line we have become blasé about the dangers of these
medicines which are available in petrol stations, news agents and supermarkets. People must not
assume that over the counter drugs are safe because clearly this is not the case.

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C. The basic premise of detox is that we need to clear the toxic waste from our bodies every so
often in order to stay healthy. It sounds a reasonable idea, but nutrition experts are quick to point
out that there's no evidence to support it. Detoxing is a concept that underestimates the abilities
of our liver and kidneys. Any toxins that do get absorbed are very efficiently dealt with and
secreted by our bodies. The concept of detox diets is irrational and unscientific. Those promoting
detox diets often claim that in order to detoxify, we should avoid foods such as wheat and dairy
products. The reality is that these foods provide us with important nutrients, and it is unnecessary
potentially harmful to exclude them from the diet.

D. There is a lot of publicity about the dangers of having 'high cholesterol' at the moment -
mainly coming from companies that make special foods that claim to lower it for you. It is a
widespread problem though: according to the British Heart Foundation around two thirds of
British people have a blood cholesterol level above the suggested healthy target figure. And as
there are no symptoms until it causes disease, many people with high cholesterol may not be
aware that they have it. However we need some cholesterol because the body wouldn't function
without it! It is a key part of cell membranes and it is also found in bile, which is important for
digestion and absorption of fat.

E. Just like a real-time personal trainer (PT), an online coach discusses personal goals, tailors
exercise schedules and offers advice to clients of all abilities. Instead of face-toface guidance,
however, the virtual trainer gives feedback via emails and texts - perfect for the self-conscious
exerciser! While critics say that it is impossible to effectively rain clients without meeting them,
online coaches offer a valuable compromise when it comes to training. First they are a cost-
effective alternative. Second, they represent a more flexible option, especially if your work takes
up much of your time or makes it difficult for you to commit to regular sessions. And just
because your coach is in cyberspace, it doesn't mean he won't be keeping tabs on you. The mere
thought of the next email should have you racing to put on your sports kit.

F. Most of us are unclear as to where social drinking stops and alcohol dependency starts. A
heavy-drinking student is fairly normal, but a 40-year-old party animal? A sozzled 60- year-old?

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At what point do the questions demand a serious answer? Recommendations from the
government are that men should consume no more than three to four units of alcohol a day and
women only two to three units. Of course, committed social drinkers of all ages often ignore
units, taking comfort from the fact that they are not reaching for the bottle before lunchtime, and
their friends are drinking as much as they are so it must be alright. But you can even test yourself
online by looking at Alcohol Concern's website to determine if alarm bells should be ringing.
Most people can reduce their alcohol consumption without professional help but it's not just
about cutting down, it's about editing your life to remove the reasons you are drinking too much.

In which extract is the following mentioned?

1. People may be unaware of something that is causing disease in their body.

2. Cutting back too much can be harmful.

3. If you feel self-conscious, this could be for you.

4. A shocking hygiene confession is made.

5. This could be a flexible way to monitor your activity and performance levels.

6. A change in body reaction could be dangerous.

7. Drastic measures may not achieve the expected results.

8. You should reassess your lifestyle to see if it is causing a bad habit.

9. People need to be aware of the dangers of something that seems safe.

10.A high-profile health problem boosts manufacturers' turnover.

IV. WRITING (60 points)

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your
summary

should be 120 words long. (15 points)

The extraordinary system, language, allows us to communicate about anything whatsoever,

whether it is present, absent, or even non-existent. This is quite strange, compared with the

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communication systems of other animals, which are mostly confined to messages about everyday
events, such as food, danger, mating and territorial rights. Humans are the odd ones out. We
humans are strange, because language with its fast and precise sounds has more in common with
birdsong than with the vocal signals of our ape relatives.

So how did it all begin, this powerful, weird communication system of ours? Frustratingly, we
do not know. Our earliest written records are around 5,000 years old, though most are more
recent. Yet language must have evolved at least 50,000 years ago, and most researchers propose
a date around 100,000 years ago. Until recently, how it all began was an unfashionable question,
a playground for cranks.

Curious theories abounded. Take the views of Lord Monboddo, a Scottish aristocrat, who in
1773 published a book claiming that humans learned how to spin and weave from spiders, how
to construct dams from beavers, and how to sing and speak from birds. The cuckoo, the raven
and the parrot, he noted, produced almost alphabetical sounds. Therefore in his view human
articulation was the result of imitating such birds.

As absurd claims mushroomed, the question of language origin was shunned by serious scholars.
In 1866, a ban on the topic was even imposed. Yet scholarly disapproval did not stop
speculation. One academic, in fact, has counted twenty-three 'principal theories' of language
origin. Another acidly commented: The very fact ... that human animals are ready to engage in a
great "garrulity" over the merits and demerits of essentially unprovable hypotheses, is an exciting
testimony to the gap between humans and other animals.'

The origin of language is like a juicy fruit dangling just out of reach. Human beings have a
natural curiosity about it seemingly built into their minds: 'Few questions in the study of human
language have attracted so much attention, provoked so much controversy, or resisted so
resolutely their answers as that of the origin of language,' noted a recent writer.

Source: Aitchison (1996) - Seeds of Speech (language origin and evolution)

Part 2: The chart below shows import and export values of crude oil in Vietnam and the
table shows fluctuations in world oil prices and average prices of products and services in
Vietnam between 2015 and 2020. (15 points)

Part 3: It is time to recognize the growing importance of teenagers’ mental well-

being .Some people say that so as to lead a healthy lifestyle, students should maintain a

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balanced diet and regular workouts. Others, however, believe that courses to promote their
mental condition are more advisable.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (30 points)

Increase/decrease in world oil prices and average prices of products and services over the
years (%)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Average world oil prices

 45.6  17.4  20.74  31.3  10.28  33.8%

Average price of
 0.63  2.66  3.53  3.54  2.79  3.23
products and services

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