Ema Clariz Borjal BSN 2 A

NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECT NURSING

ACTION CONSIDERA
Zidovudine Zidovudine, a  Zidovudine  Zidovudine is Common Nursing
structural analog capsules, a contraindicated in side effects consideratio
of thymidine, is a nucleoside patients who have of patients
pro drug that must reverse previously Zidovudine Zidovudine
demonstrated may include monitoring f
be phosphorylated transcriptase
hypersensitivity to nausea, of bone
to its active 5′- inhibitor, are suppression
triphosphate indicated in the drug. vomiting,
Additionally, it headache, as anem
metabolite, combination neutropenia
should not be used dizziness,
zidovudine with other Nurses shou
in patients with fatigue, and
triphosphate (ZDV- antiretroviral assess liver
severe liver disease insomnia.
TP). It inhibits the agents for the regularly,
or bone marrow More serious Zidovudine
activity of HIV-1 treatment of suppression. side effects
reverse HIV-1 cause liver
 Contraindicated for can include It is impor
transcriptase (RT) infection. patients who have bone educate pati
via DNA chain  Zidovudine life threatening marrow the importa
termination after capsules are allergic reactions to suppression, adherence
incorporation of indicated for any of the lactic medication
the nucleotide the components of the acidosis, liver and to wa
analogue. It prevention of formulations. problems, any signs o
competes with the maternal-fetal Contraindicated in and muscle acidosis or
natural substrate HIV-1 neonates with weakness. weakness.
dGTP and transmission hyperbilirubinemia should al
incorporates itself requiring aware of p
treatment other drug inte
into viral DNA. It is
than phototherapy with
also a weak
or if serum medications
inhibitor of cellular patient m
DNA polymerase α transaminases are
taking.
more than 5 times
and γ. monitoring
normal levels.
communicati
with he
providers
essential
managing
on Zid
therapy.
Didanosine Didanosine (ddI) is Indications for Didanosine is Common Nursing
metabolized Didanosine include contraindicated in side effects consideratio
intracellularly by a the treatment of patients with a known of patients
series of cellular HIV infection in hypersensitivity to the Didanosine Didanosine
enzymes to its active combination with monitoring
drug or any of its may include
moiety, other antiretroviral signs
dideoxyadenosine components. It should nausea,
agents. It is used to also be avoided in vomiting, pancreatitis
triphosphate help control the as abdomin
(ddATP), which patients with a history diarrhea,
progression of HIV nausea,
inhibits the HIV of pancreatitis or abdominal
and improve vomiting.
reverse transcriptase severe liver disease. pain,
immune system should also
enzyme headache,
competitively by
function in both liver f
adult and pediatric and rash. regularly,
competing with More
natural dATP. It also patients. It is Didanosine
important to serious side cause liver
acts as a chain
consult with a effects can It is impor
terminator by its
incorporation into healthcare provider include educate p
viral DNA as the lack before starting pancreatitis, on the imp
of a 3'-OH group in Didanosine to liver toxicity, of adhere
the incorporated ensure it is safe and peripheral the me
nucleoside analogue appropriate for the neuropathy, regimen a
prevents the individual's medical and lactic watch for a
formation of the 5' condition. acidosis. of lactic aci
to 3' phosphodiester peripheral
linkage essential for neuropathy
DNA chain Nurses sho
elongation, and be awar
therefore, the viral potential
DNA growth is
interactions
terminated.
other med
the patient
taking.
monitoring
communica
with hea
providers
essential
managing p
on Did
therapy.

Stavodine Stavudine inhibits Stavudine is  Stavudine is Stavudine is Nursing

the activity of HIV- indicated for the contraindicated in contraindicat consideratio
1 reverse treatment of HIV patients with a ed in patients patients
transcriptase (RT) infection in both known with a known stavudine
adults and pediatric hypersensitivity to hypersensitivi monitoring
both by competing
patients. It is used the drug or any of ty to the drug signs of pe
with the natural
in combination with its components. or any of its neuropathy
substrate dGTP components.
and by its other antiretroviral  It should also be acidosis,
It should also
 incorporation into agents to help avoided in patients be avoided in pancreatitis
viral DNA. control the with severe liver patients with Nurses
progression of HIV disease or severe liver assess patie
and improve pancreatitis. disease or symptoms
immune system  Additionally, pancreatitis. numbness,
function. Stavudine stavudine is not Additionally, tingling, or
is a nucleoside recommended for stavudine is the extrem
reverse use in patients with not well as abd
recommende
transcriptase peripheral pain, nause
d for use in
inhibitor that works neuropathy. It is vomiting.
patients with
by inhibiting the important to important
peripheral
replication of the consult with a neuropathy.
educate p
HIV virus. It is healthcare It is on the imp
important to follow provider before important to of adhere
healthcare provider starting stavudine consult with a the me
recommendations to ensure it is safe healthcare regimen a
and guidelines and appropriate for provider watch for a
when using the individual's before of lactic aci
stavudine for the medical condition. starting pancreatitis
treatment of HIV. stavudine to Nurses sho
ensure it is be awar
safe and potential
appropriate interactions
for the other med
individual's the patient
medical taking.
condition.
Lamivudine Lamivudine is a Lamivudine-HBV is Contraindicated in Side effects  Be al
synthetic used to patients with of lamivudine new
nucleoside treat hepatitis previously may include or in
analogue and is B infection. It is not demonstrated clinically lactic seizure
phosphorylated a cure for hepatitis acidosis, liver activity
significant
intracellularly to its B and does not problems, especia
hypersensitivity to any
active 5'- prevent the passing and severe the on
of the components of skin
triphosphate of hepatitis B to the products. drug
metabolite, others. reactions,diffi treatm
culty
lamivudine This medication is a Docum
breathing,
triphosphate (L-TP). nucleoside reverse numbe
swelling of
This nucleoside transcriptase duratio
the face, lips,
analogue is inhibitor (NRTI) that tongue, or
severit
incorporated into works by slowing throat, seizure
viral DNA by HIV the growth of the unusual report
reverse virus, thereby muscle pain, finding
transcriptase and decreasing liver da stomach pain, immed
HBV polymerase, mage caused by the vomiting, to
resulting in DNA virus. irregular physici
chain termination. heart rate,  Be al
dizziness, signs
enlarge
fatty
(hepat
y
steatos
can p
 to
dysfun
and
failure
of
disease
include
anorex
abdom
pain,
abdom
swellin
(ascite
severe
and vo
yellow
eyes,
sore
malais
weakn
facial
letharg
unusua
bleedin
bruisin

Nevirapine Nevirapine binds Treatment of HIV Contraindications may Side effects  Monito
directly to reverse infection in include a history of of rash an
transcriptase (RT) combination with hypersensitivity to nevirapine skin r
and blocks the other nevirapine or any may include (derma
RNA-dependent component of the exfoliati
antiretroviral rash, liver
and DNA- formulation, severe liver Report
medications. toxicity, problem
dependent DNA disease, and concurrent fever,
polymerase use of certain immed
nausea, becaus
activities by causing medications that may
fatigue, and may re
a disruption of the interact with nevirapine.
headache. serious
enzyme's catalytic It is important to
hypers
site. The activity of consult a healthcare y r
nevirapine does not professional for (Steven
compete with personalized medical Johnso
template or advice and guidance Syndro
nucleoside regarding the use of  Be al
triphosphates. nevirapine. signs
hepato
includin
anorex
abdom
pain,
nausea
vomitin
yellow
eyes,
sore
 malaise
weakne
facial
letharg
unusua
bleedin
bruisin
Report
signs
physici
immed

Saquinavir Saquinavir is an Saquinavir is  Hypersensitivity Diarrhea, na  Be al

inhibitor of the HIV- indicated, in  Severe hepatic usea, vomiti new
1 protease combination with impairment ng, stomach or in
enzyme.6 Its design ritonavir and other pain, or seizure
is based on the antiretroviral tiredness activity
"peptidomimetic" agents, for the may occur. especia
principle, wherein treatment of HIV-1 the on
the molecule infection in drug
contains a treatm
patients 16 years
hydroxyethylene Docum
of age and older.
scaffold that mimics numbe
the normal peptide duratio
linkage (cleaved by severit
HIV protease) but seizure
which itself cannot report
be cleaved.5 By finding
preventing HIV-1 immed
protease activity, to
and thus the physici
proteolysis of the  Monito
Gag polyprotein, rashes
saquinavir results in other
the production of reactio
immature, non- (hives,
infectious viral abnorm
particles. sweati
exfolia
Notify
physici
immed
becaus
certain
reactio
indicat
serious
hypers
ty re
(Steven
Johnso
syndro
 Assess
 signs
thromb
bitis, in
localize
rednes
swellin
affecte
Report
signs
physici
avoid
exercis
affecte
extrem
while
awaitin
further
and
evalua
Ritonavir Ritonavic inhibits Ritonavir is  Ritonavir Ritonavir  Be al
the HIV viral indicated in contraindications has several new s
proteinase enzyme combination with include patients constitution or inc
that normally other with a known al side seizure
cleaves the antiretroviral allergic reaction to effects, activity
structural and agents for the either ritonavir or including especi
replicative proteins treatment of HIV-1 any of its malaise, the on
that arise from infection components. dizziness, drug
major HIV genes,
Hypersensitivity and treatm
such
reactions include insomnia, Docum
as gag and pol. Gag
Stevens-Johnson gastrointesti the n
encodes proteins
involved in the core syndrome (SJS) or nal side duratio
and the toxic epidermal effects severit
nucleocapsid, necrolysis including seizure
while pol encodes  Ritonavir is nausea, report
the the HIV reverse contraindicated vomiting, finding
transcriptase, with potent CYP3A abdominal immed
ribonuclease H, inducers (e.g., pain, and to
integrase, and apalutamide, St. diarrhea, physic
protease 1. The pol- John's wort), and  Monito
encoded proteins which can metabolic of
are initially significantly side effects hypers
translated in the reduce ritonavir such ity re
form of a larger plasma as hyperlipid and
precursoe concentrations emia, anaph
polypeptide, gag- and may be hypertriglyc includi
pol, and needs to associated with eridemia, pulmo
be cleaved by HIV the potential for transaminiti sympt
protease to form
loss of virologic s, and (tightn
other complement
response, possible rhabdomyol the
proteins 1.
resistance, and ysis. and
Ritonavir prevents
the cleavage of cross-resistance. wheez
the gag-pol polypro cough,
 tein, which results dyspne
in noninfectious, skin re
immature viral (rash,
particles. Ritonavir itching
is a potent inhibitor raised
of cytochrome patche
P450 CYP3A4 red or
isoenzyme present skin, b
both in the
acne,
intestinal tract and
exfolia
liver 1. It is a type II
abnorm
ligand that
perfectly fits into sweati
the CYP3A4 active Notify
site cavity and physic
irreversibly binds to immed
the heme iron via especi
the thiazole about
nitrogen, which respon
decreases the that
redox potential of indicat
the protein and seriou
precludes its allergi
reduction with the reactio
redox partner, such
cytochrome P450 Steven
reductase 3. Johnso
Ritonavir may also syndro
play a role in and
limiting cellular
angioe
transport and efflux
of other protease
inhibitors via the P-
glycoprotein and
MRP efflux
channels
Indinavir Indinavir inhibits Indinavir is used Contraindications of CNS: dizzine  Monito
the HIV viral along with other indinavir may include ss, of
protease enzyme medications to hypersensitivity to drowsiness, hyperg
which prevents treat human indinavir or any fatigue, a
cleavage of the immunodeficiency component of the headache, ketoac
gag-pol virus (HIV) formulation, severe insomnia, includi
polyprotein, infection. Indinavir liver disease, and weakness. G confus
resulting in is in a class of concurrent use of I: abdominal drows
noninfectious, medications called medications that may pain, acid fatigue
immature viral protease interact with indinavir. regurgitatio weakn
particles. inhibitors. It works n, altered rapid
by decreasing the taste, breath
amount of HIV in asymptoma fruity
the blood. tic punge
hyperbilirubi breath
nemia, excess
diarrhea, thirst,
nausea, freque
vomiting. G urinati
U: nephrolit nausea
hiasis. Endo: vomiti
hyperglycem abdom
ia. F and pain.
E: KETOACID physic
OSIS. MS: ba immed
ck pain, if thes
flank occur.
pain. Misc: r  Assess
edistribution back
of body fat. pain t
out
muscu
tal
pathol
that is
determ
pain i
induce
rather
caused
anatom
biome
al prob
 Assess
dizzine
drows
that
affect
balanc
other
functio
activiti
(See A
x C).
balanc
proble
functio
limitati
the ph
and
staff,
cautio
patien
family
vers to
agains
and tra
 Monito
report
of
stones
(nephr
sis), in
severe
in th
and
pain
urinati
bloody
and
persist
urge
urinate