EYE DISORDER

CONJUNCTIVITIS
DEFINITION - conjunctivitis is characterized by infection and
inflammation of most upper layer of eye .i.e conjunctiva.

ETIOLOGY -
➢ Bacterial infection
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococci pneumonia
• Nisseria gonorrhoeae
➢ chlamydial infection
➢ viral iinfection
• Adenovirus
➢ Alergy to dust , pollen , chemical and smoke .
➢ Parasite disease
• Phthirus pubis
• Schistosoma
• Chronic follicular conjunctivitis (orphan's conjunctivitis )
CLINICAL FEATURES
• Hyperemia conjuctiva `
• Pain cunjunctiva
• Burning and sting sensation in eye
• Mucopurulent dishcharge
• Photophobia
• Tearing
• Nasal congestion

DIAGNOSIS
• History collection
• Eye examination
• Symptomatic examination
• Eye discharge culture
• Blood examination
• Ophthalmoscope

TREATMENT
➢ Patient get result culture sensitivity test then after according dr. Order antibiotic therapy
• Ceftriaxone
• Gentamycine
➢ Patient given antibiotic drop instillation.
• Moxifloxacine
➢ Sulfonamides local application
➢ If patient effected herpes simplex infection then eye drop given i.e
 • Trifluridine
• Vidarbine ointment
➢ Allergic cunctivitis for given corticosteroid eye drop .
• Prednisone
• Dexamethasone etc.
➢ Give patient antihistamine eye drop .
• lodaxamide ,tromethamine
➢ If patient need then given erythromycin eye drop instillation .

NURSING CARE -
➢ Be aware that your eye will look red and will have watery discharge and your lids will be swollen
for about a week.
➢ Expect to experience eye pain , a sandy sensation in your eye , and sensitivity to light.
➢ Use light weight cold compress over your eyes for about 10 minute 4-5 time a day to soothe the
pain.
➢ Do not share towel , linen , makeup , or any item that have come in contact with your eye.
➢ Wash your hand thoroughly with soap and water frequently , including before and after you apply
artificial tears or cold compress.
➢ Use a new tissue paper every time.
➢ Wear dark glasses if bright light bother you.
 CATARACT
Definition - cataract is characterized by opacity of the lens or lens capsule of the eye .

Etiology -
➢ Advanced aged (50 year after)
➢ Eye trauma
➢ Congenital
➢ Eye infection
• Recurrent conjunctivitis
• Retinitis
• Glaucoma
➢ Diabetes mellitus
➢ Atopic dermatitis
➢ Radiation exposure to eye
➢ Chronic use of certain drugs -
• Prednisone
• Naphthalene
• Phenothiazines
➢ Excessive exposure to sunlight
Type
➢ Senile cataract
➢ Traumatic cataract
➢ Secondary or complicated cataract
➢ Congenital cataract
➢ Toxic cataract
Clinical feature
➢ Blurred vision
➢ White pupil
➢ Opacity of eye lens
➢ Blinding glare from lighting in night
➢ Dilated pupil in order to try see more
➢ Try to see more
Diagnosis
➢ History collection
➢ Eye examination
➢ Slit lamp examination
➢ Ophthalmoscopy

Treatment

surgical treatment is the treatment of choice. in this two type surgery are done.
➢ ECCE (Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction)
In this procedure anterior lens capsule are remove and then after new lens are doing implantation in
eye.
 ➢ ICC E (Intra Capsular Cataract Extraction )
In this procedure complete lens are doing remove then after new lens are doing transplant.

➢ After lens transplant patient are wearing dark eye glasses.

➢ Giving the patient antibiotic eye drops .
• Moxifloxacin
➢ Giving patient steroidal drugs.
• Prednisone
➢ Symptomatic treatment is also given the patient.

Nursing management
➢ pre - operatively care
it is important for the nurse to -
• Allay anxiety due to the visual impairment and fear of blindness and dependency.
• Stress the risk of potential for injury and avoid driving.
• Reassure the patient that , this is a temporary problem that will be relived by surgery.
• The nurse should check that the correct eye has been marked by surgeon and that the consent
form has been signed.
➢ post - operative care
• The avoidance of lighting , bending over and straining at start for about 3 week is stressed .
• The patient is cautioned against squeezing the eye closed or applying pressure on the eye.
• A shield is worn at night for 2-3 week to avoid pressure and unconscious rubbing.
• Advice on regular dressing and the instillation of drop and ointment.
• The surgeon should be contacted or pain develop in the eye.
 GLAUCOMA
Definition - Glaucoma is a group of disorder characterized
by increased intraocular pressures so high that is enough to
damage the topic nerve that may result blindness.

Etiology -
➢ Over production of aqueous humor .
➢ Obstructed flow between aqueous and vitreous
humor.
➢ Eye infection -
• Uveitis
• Retinitis
➢ Eye trauma
➢ Congenital disorder
• Autosomal recessive trait.
Type -
Glaucoma are classified according her cause that's are.
➢ Chronic open angle glaucoma
➢ Acute angle closure glaucoma
➢ Secondary glaucoma
1. Chronic open angle glaucoma
It is a type of primary glaucoma , where there is no obvious
cause for the rise of intra ocular tension , and the angle of the
anterior chamber remains wide.
2. Acute angle closure glaucoma
This form of glaucoma is characterized by rapid marked
increase in intraocular pressure , as a result of a complete block
in the out flow of aqueous humor.
3. Secondary glaucoma -
It is a before present any disease cause and her due to
complication.
- Uveitis
- Eye injury
- Diabetes
Clinical feature -
➢ Pain in eye
➢ Loss of peripheral vision
➢ Halo around light
➢ Visual loss
➢ Acute angle closure glaucoma in -
• Sharp pain in eye
• Eye discharge occurs
• Hyperemia of eye
➢ Pupil dilation and non reaction to light.
➢ Cloudy cornea
➢ Photophobia
➢ Nausea and vomiting
➢ Headache

Diagnosis -
➢ History collection.
➢ Physical examination
➢ Slit lamp examination
➢ Gonioscopy
➢ Perimetery
➢ Funds photography
➢ Tonometry
Management -
Give medicine for doing control Aqueous humor over production .
• Atinolol
• Timolol
• Betaxolol
• Brimonidine
• Dorozolamide
➢ Giving patient antibiotic drugs .
➢ Giving patient diuretic drugs.
➢ In sever pain patient give narcotic analgesic drugs.
• Meperidine
• Morphine
➢ Surgery management
• Tridectomy
• Argor laser trabeculoplasty
• Trabeculoplasty