Metamorphism Metamorphic rocks
- Transformation of existing rocks to - Are the hardest
rock with different mineral Foliate (sheets)
composition or texture. - composed of large amounts of micas
Three types of rocks and chlorites
- Igneous - with cleavage
- Sedimentary Non foliate
- Metamorphic - no cleavage
Extrusive rocks Rock cycle
- Molten magma that erupted from - a group of changes of rock
volcanoes, cooled down very quickly Weathering
Intrusive rocks - from igneous rock to sedimentary rock
- Liquid magma that did not erupt from - occurs on site
volcanoes Erosion
Sedimentary rocks - involves the transport of rock by
- Made up from sediments from other agents being transported and deposited
rocks in other locations
Clastic rocks Solidification
- Smaller rocks cemented together, - when metamorphic rock is added with
contains fossils and usually has layers melting magma that solidifies
Metamorphic rocks
- Other rocks change from one time to
another
Metamorphic
- Means to change
Foliation
- Usually has interlocking crystals and
layers
Metamorphism
- Their names can tell you how they are
formed
- From extreme heat and pressure the
original rock is changed completely
2 types of metamorphism
- Contact metamorphism
- Regional metamorphism
Contact metamorphism
Increase heat – existing rocks buried deep
and deeper under the surface of the earth
are in contact with heat
Regional metamorphism
Increase in pressure - pressure can cause
rock in the middle to metamorphosed
Biosphere Tectonic processes
- Associated with living systems such as Folds, faults mountains
biomes, or ecosystems. Volcanic processes
Features Volcanoes, central vents, volcanic
- Coastal biomes, forests, desert and deposits
grasslands Impact processes
Processes Impact craters
- Photosynthesis, biochemical cycles Other processes
Hydrosphere Mass wasting processes, erosional
- Associated with water in solid and processes
liquid state Earth’s Interior Layers
Features Crust – upper portion
- Oceans, ice bergs, lakes, rivers, Oceanic crust – underlies the oceanic
glaciers and snow basin
Processes
Continental crust – underlies the
Hydrolic cycle, oceanic circulation continents
Atmosphere
Mantle – solid rock layer of the Earth
Relates to meteorological features and
Core – iron-rich sphere
phenomena
Outer core – liquid iron-nickel-sulfur
An ever-changing mixtures of gas and
Inner core – solid iron-nickel alloy
small particles
Features
Clouds, weather, aurora or air pollution
Processes
Atmospheric circulation of layers of
the atmosphere
Layers
Troposphere – densest part
Stratosphere – location of the Ozone
Layer
Mesosphere – where meteors burn up
Ionosphere – radio communication is
possible
Thermosphere – area of the aurora
and satellites
Exosphere – Upper limit of the
atmosphere
Geosphere
Associated with the solid portions of
the Earth
Fluvial and Alluvial processes
Deltas, river channels, canyons,
alluvial fans
