HAWASSA UNIVERSIT

WENDO GENET COLLEGE OF FORESTERY AND NATURAL

RESOURCE

THE ROLE OF LAND REGISTRATION AND CERTIFICATION ON

LAND MANAGEMENT INTERVENSION WEST GOJJEM ZONE; IN
CASE OF SEKELA WOREDA ABAY SANGIB KEBELE

Department Of Land Administration and Surveying in Partial

Fulfillment for the Requirement of Bachelor Science Degree (BSc) In
Land Administration and Surveying

BY: woredaw Animaw ID NO: 2553/13

Adviser: Woreku Teshta (MSC)

July /2024

Wondogent, Ethiopia
 Acknowledgment

First, I would like to express my great thanks for the almighty God, Next, I would like to
express my heartfelt gratitude to my Advisor Mr. Woreku Teshita is valuable and constructive
comments from the beginning to the completion of this research work. My great gratitude is
extended to my families for their contribution in, supplying material and finance support during
my stay in the University. My great thanks for all my best friends, and individual who
contributed material and their experiences during my study.
 Abstract

In Ethiopia land is a major economic socio economic aspect nearly 85% of the population
resides in the rural area and predominantly engaged small in a small scale and subsistence
agriculture. Natural factors coupled with human factors resulted in an alarming land and other
natural resource, degradation in region. These problems are to be exacerbated tenure in security
and lack of proper land administration system, the rural holder people participation problems and
the concerned body rural land administration implementation problems which deal with these
issues.

The purpose of is to assess the rural land registration and certification on governmental
intervention to the improving land management practiced from the land administration point of
view. Where the paper attempted try to show what are the problems practice and try to indicate
the future solutions. A distributive approach mainly employed to attain the study objectives.
Both primary and secondary data are used as a source of information.

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Acknowledgment.........................................................................................................................................ii
Abstract......................................................................................................................................................iii
List of table...................................................................................................................................................i
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Back ground of the study..................................................................................................................1
1.2 statement of the problem................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objective of the study.................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General objective....................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific Objective...................................................................................................................4
1.4 The Research questions.................................................................................................................4
1.5. Limitation of the study..................................................................................................................4
1.6. Scope of the study.........................................................................................................................4
1.7. Significance of the study...............................................................................................................5
1.8 Structure of the research................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................6
2. LITRATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................................................6
2.1 Basic concepts and definition of land registration.............................................................................6
2.2 Empirical related studies................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 The importance of land registration........................................................................................7
2.2.2 Historical back ground of land registration.............................................................................7
2.3. Land registration in Ethiopia........................................................................................................8
2.4. Land registration in Amhara region..............................................................................................9
2.5 Issues and Challenges of Land Registration in Amhara.................................................................9
2.5.1 Conflicts Emerging in the process of land registration...........................................................9
2.5.2 Willingness to register land...................................................................................................10
2.5 types of land registration.................................................................................................................10
2.5.1 Title registration.......................................................................................................................11

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 2.5.2. Deed registration..................................................................................................................12
2.6 Function of land registration............................................................................................................13
2.7 Approaches of land registration.......................................................................................................14
2.7.1 Sporadic land registration approaches.......................................................................................14
2.7.2 Systematic land registration approaches...................................................................................14
2.8 The roles of land registration and certification................................................................................15
2.9 land administration system..............................................................................................................15
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................16
3. Research methods..................................................................................................................................16
3.1. Description of the study area..........................................................................................................16
3.1.1 Location of the study area.........................................................................................................16
3.1.2 Population.................................................................................................................................18
3.1.3 Topography...............................................................................................................................19
3.1.4. Climatic condition...................................................................................................................19
3.1.5. Economic activities..................................................................................................................19
3.1.6 Types of soil characteristics......................................................................................................19
3.2 Sampling technique and sample size............................................................................................19
3.3 Data source and data collection...................................................................................................20
3.3.1. Primary data source.................................................................................................................20
3.3.1.2 Secondary data source...........................................................................................................20
3.3.2 Selections of respondent households........................................................................................20
3.3.3. Household questionnaire and group interview.........................................................................20
3.3.4 Data summarizing and analysis.................................................................................................21
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................22
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS......................................................................................................22
4.1 Scio-economic characteristics of respondents..............................................................................22
4.2 The importance of land registration and certification on improving land management...............24
4.3 The assessment of major issues in relation to land registration and certification on improving
land management...............................................................................................................................26
4.3.1 Land management issues in relation to soil degradation and control method........................26
4.3.2 Land management issues relation to grazing and management.............................................26
4.3.3 Land management issues in relation to Water conservation..................................................26
 4.4 The feeling of farmers about their land tenure security before, during and after certification..27
4.5 The major problems in relation to land registration and certification.......................................29
4.6 The assessment of the effectiveness of land registration and certification on land
management interventions.............................................................................................................30
CHAPTER FIVE:......................................................................................................................................32
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................32
5.1 conclusions..................................................................................................................................32
5.2 Recommendation.........................................................................................................................33
CHAPTER SIX........................................................................................................................................34
6. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................34
APPENDEXES.........................................................................................................................................35
APENDEX1..........................................................................................................................................35
Appendix 2............................................................................................................................................35
Appendix 3........................................................................................................................................36

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 List of figure
Map of study
area………………………………………………………………………………………………………18

List of table
Table 1 shows the difference between sporadic land registration and systematic land
registration………………………………………...………………………………………………………14

Table 2 Sex structure of respondents……………………..……………………………………………….22

Table 3 Age composition of selected respondents…………..……………………………………………23

Table 5 the occupational level of sample respondent………………….………………………………….23

Table 4 the educational status of respondent…………………………………………….………………..23

Table 6Land management after land registration and certification……………………………………….24

Table 7 land holders attitude towards tenure security……………………………………………………..28

LIST OF ABBREVATION

ID IDENITIFICATION

SNNP SOUTH NATION NATIONALITY OF PEOPLE

EIA

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 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Back ground of the study

Land is the key source of everything, without which life cannot exist. Almost all urban areas in
developing countries are faced with problems related to titling and land registration (Dale, P, and
McLaughlin, J, 2009).

Land is one of the most important assets of the people through the world especially for rural poor
whose life relies on agricultural and other activities. Many African countries especially in
Ethiopia poor land management and utilization are adversely agricultural productivity which is
back bone economy and characterized by high incidence of poverty and high population density.

Land registration is a process of recording of rights on land which provides safe and certain
foundation of acquisition and disposal of rights in land, where disposition includes
transfer ,leasing and mortgage(investors) of the holding rights in the context of Ethiopia land
policy. It means that there is an official record (land register) of rights on land or of deeds
concerning changes in the legal situation of defined units of land.

The objectives of urban land registration; to accelerate the economic, social and environmental
developments of urban centers by insuring land holder security of right and recognition of title of
immovable property by certifying the right through registration((Urban land Proc. No 818/2014).
In addition to this for ensuring uniform protection land holding rights of private, joint and other
holders.

According to the Federal negarit gazeta Proc No 324/2014: the old possession must be
registered with full information like the name of the user, size and address of the parcel.

In Ethiopia, land registration and certification system was initiated during the emperor Minlik in
Addis Ababa 1909. Thus, land owners were to given a certification referred as “Yeristworeqet”
(title deed), which was written in Amharic and France, with map showing the boundary of land
(Rural development Bureaus in Amhara region, 2003).Land certification is a document entitling
a person to receive from the government a certain amount of land following prescribed legal
1
steps. It contains an official description of the land as well as the name and address of the
person receiving entitlement and a primal face evidence of the truth of the matters it contains
(Black’s law dictionary),1999).

Registration of holding and granting land use- right certificates to holders have recently become
a government policy in Ethiopia. Land registration institutions have been established in the four
major regions. The policy was changed when the tigray region started a comprehensive rural
land registration and certification process in 1998, amhara region started formal land registration
in 2003. Then oromia and SNNPR followed suit, in the process of land registration, communal,
forest and grazing lands were also delineated registered and certified.

The registration process is participatory; much of the local input for adjudication and
demarcation and use committee helped to keep the cost of registration low and made farmers part
of decision making process.

During the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, the ministry of land reform and administration was
engaged in measuring and registering rural land in collaboration with the mapping agency until
1974. This involved cadaster survey to create the system of free hold tenure, register individual
title to land and institute land sale (Hoben 1973).

Emperor manlike and Emperor Haile Selassie they are create its own policy on the land
registration and certification program.1

Currently land tenure security, land related to management and land to improve agricultural
development issues must be solved in Ethiopian in general and in Amhara in particular. Thus,
registration of land holding and granting land certification to the land holders has recently
become one of the governmental policies in Ethiopia.

Based on the federal proclamation (proc.89/1997), four regional states (Amhara, Oromia, Tigray
and SNNP) have issued region specific land administration and use proclamation and
commenced with land registration system.

Land registration and certification has become a major government policy objective and the four
regions are involved in two land registration initiatives; a traditional land registration program,
which covers the all the four regions and a relatively ‘high-tech’ land registration in two pilot
project areas (garado indode ber kebele in Dessia zuria woreda and Addis and guilt kebele in
gozamen woreda) in Amhara region.1Land certification has been implemented in Ethiopia
since 1998 and over 5 million certificates have been delivered, the largest delivery of non-
freehold rights in such a short time period in Sub Saharan Africa ( Deininger etal., in press). The
new federal and regional land proclamations that are the basis for this land reform, aim to
increase tenure security and strengthen women’s rights to land and to ensure more sustainable
use of land resources.

therefore the study is carried out to generate information how the land registration and
certification has improved land management such as soil and water conservation ,tree planting,
grazing land management and reducing land disputes. Generally the purpose of this research is to
assess and examine the role of land registration and certification on improving land management
in gishe abay town abay sangib kebele, which is located in sekela woreda.

1.2 statement of the problem

Before land registration and certification rural house holders (farmers) lacked land
tenure security, there was frequent land redistribution and land was exposed to soil erosion, large
deforestation, and the land disputes .To avoid these and other problems of the Ethiopian
government enacted the rural land law and farmers now have their land certificates. Land
registration and certification has a set of defined objectives and goals collectively to assure land
tenure rights, proper land management and ultimately achieve agricultural productivity and food
security. Currently available information however is not adequate and it is not clearly known
weather land registration and certification have brought the intended objectives. The study is
therefore is carried out to generate information how the land registration and certification has
improved land management such as soil and water conservation ,tree planting, grazing land
management and reducing land disputes.

1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General objective

The general objective of the study is to assess the role of land registration and certification on
improving land management interventions in sekela woreda.

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 1.3.2 Specific Objective
 To assess the awareness of the rural households on rural land law and their land
rights.
 To identify the land management interventions promoted as a result of the land
registration and certification.
 To assess major problems in relation to land registration and certification.
 To assess the effectiveness of land registration in reducing boundary conflict.

1.4 The Research questions

The research attempts to answer the following questions.
 How land management intervention was promoted a result of land registration and
certification?
 What are the major problems in relation to land registration and certification?
 Has land registration and certification reduced boundary conflict?
 What is the importance of land registration and certification on improving land
management?

1.5. Limitation of the study

As we know every research faces any limitation, so the researcher was faces the shortage of time,
lack of money, the research was limited in sekela woreda in abay sangeb kebele. In addition to
this during data collection the respondents cannot give full information in land registration and
certification because of they think as the increment of taxation.

1.6. Scope of the study

The study mainly focuses on the role of land registration and certification on improving land
management in sekela woreda especially in abay sangeb kebele. The information in this research
will largely focus on limited areas and the finding will be more important to the locality where
land registration and certification will be carried out.
 1.7. Significance of the study
The study can contribute a lot for different organizations and individuals working on Land
Administration concerning Land registration and on Tenure security. It helps to land
administration office of sekela woreda to clearly known, how the provision of registration land
prepare certification will carried out, the problems encounter in the process and farmers in the
study woreda will benefit as confidence on land management will be promote by rectifying the
knowledge gaps.

1.8 Structure of the research

The research is organized and structured five chapters. Chapter one deals about the introduction
part of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions of the
study, limitation of the study, scope of the study, significance of the study, and structure of
study. Chapter two deals about literature review. It focuses on some theoretical part of land
registration and certification. Chapter three deals about methodology study. Description of the
study area, Sampling technique and target population, data source and data analysis and
presentation. Chapter four focuses with results and discussion of data collected from the field by
interviewing through the respondents and chapter five deals with the research conclusion and
recommendation.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2. LITRATURE REVIEW

2.1 Basic concepts and definition of land registration

Land registration is a process of official recording of right in land through deeds or as title on
properties. It means that there is an official record (land register) of rights on land or of deeds
concerning changes in the legal situation of defined units of land. It gives an answer to the
questions who and how. (Emphasis added.) Land registration answers the question who because
it is ownership or owner-based; and the question how because it answers the manner by which
the ownership title is transferred from the previous owner to the new one, such as sale
transaction. Land registration is any of various systems by which matters
concerning ownership, possession, or other rights in land are formally recorded (usually with
a government agency or department) to provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions, and
prevent unlawful disposal.

Land registration implemented through titling is defined as the process of legally recognized
interests (ownership and/or use) in land. Or Is the process of recording rights on land which
provides safe and certain foundations of acquisition and disposal of rights in land ,where the
disposition in includes transfer of land; leasing mortgages investment of holding rights in the
context of Ethiopian land policy.

Land registration is one of the most prevalent forms of land reform. As its simplest land
registration involves the recording of existing rights; registration can range from the marketing
of plot boundaries. Local mapping of holding and community land registries to fall cadastral
surveys and titling .In the most case registration focuses on individual rights, but in some case
collective rights and incorrect holder are registered( Ruth (2008)). In order to register formally
some ones interest inland, the land has to be addressed, after this land possess or should know
how to perform the rural and urban land activity. ).

Finally they all end in achieving the main objectives poverty eradication. Land registration is
linked to financial development through two channels; the role played in enabling land to
become a collateral asset which enhances financial development by expanding the market base
for and by reducing financial intimidation costs; and the role in unlocking land resource
potentials and making them available for mobilization by the financial intermediaries. It has also
been argued that the ability to use land as collateral in formal credit markets is a benefit that is
more significant where formal title exists and land transactions are feasible. Improved tenure
security brought about by individualized land rights is associated with greater benefits, such as
the incentives for long term investment and supply of credit (Kaukauna and Nadlikakule 2006).

2.2 Empirical related studies

2.2.1 The importance of land registration

Land is source of all material wealth from it we get everything that we use or value whether it
food, clothing fuel, shelter, human existence, land distribution and use are vital important. Land
title registration is important to protect property rights, to facilitate transaction in land, and to
enable land to be used as collateral for loan. A title provides incentive for investment in land and
therefore creates an impetus for sustainable economic development. Land records, therefore great
concern to all government. The farming land policy and its existing may in large measure
depends on the effectiveness of “land registration” as we can conventionally call the making and
keeping of the record (Srowtoosipson, 1976).

Land registration is very important for clear set of who owners the land, where the boundaries
lie, what rights of way affect it, whether there are any restrictions affecting it.
( :swr@walkerfoster.com).

2.2.2 Historical back ground of land registration

Land registration system has long historical development mostly 18th and 19th centuries.
Institutional associated with the system have involved as the need their societies has Ester
European countries are presently going through transient from the community model of
collective ownership of land to the privatization of land holding. Old land administration
institutions are being to re- established record up date. All countries have a systematic recording
land rights merely every countries has land registry rather than deed registration(Mark, A Masqat
2006). Land registration is exercised by the Department of Lands and Surveys, one of the oldest
Government Departments.

7
In south Asia number of titling programs under way in south East Asia ,most notably
Thailand’s, But also in Cambodia Laos, Indonesia, Phi land and vent ham. Each of those
countries is under taking land registration system exercise for segmented their land area. While
Thailand’s experience the most documented and the most successful, it remains paper based
system (ID).

In African countries, land registration is anew phenomena when compared on European

countries. Because of most of African countries under colonies by different European countries: -
like British, Italy, and other countries. Most of earlier registration programs concerns settlers
roof space, leaving the rest of land in customary turners regime. South African like Kenya,
Uganda and Ghana stated land registration land administration through their government
initiation 1960. There are concerns about sustainability and opening the way of new transaction
in the country especially in Kenya (ID).

2.3. Land registration in Ethiopia

Land registration system in Ethiopia had a long history, which was started during Emperor
Menilk who issued that initiated the countries land registration and cadastral surveying in Addis
Ababa in 1909.This the land owner were to be given certificate referred to as “Yerist worequt” or
title dead which was to be written in Amharic and French with map showing the boundary of the
neighbor (Pankhurst, B 1996).

During the regime of Emperor of Haile Selassie the ministry of land reform and administration
engaged in measuring registration rural land collaboration with mapping agency until 1974.This
involved cadastral survey to create the system of free hold tenure register individual title to land
and institute of land sale (Abebe, s, 2006).

After the land reform of 1974 ,during the derg period, the newly established a lower
administrative structure which is known as peasant association were give the power of the
registration ,including the boundary of area for which they are responsible. The register lasted
the name of all peasant association (PA) member entitled to user rights. The information
collected in the registry was used for taxation and during land redistribution. The user of the land
had no document except their tax receipts.
The Ethiopian government, in its poverty reduction strategy, recognizes the importance of tenure
security as the necessary competent of a plan to increase land productivity. Numerous lands re
allocation exercises in recent years have lead to growing perception of tenure insecurity(S Row
ton Simpson 1976).

Currently, tremendous efforts have been made in issuing land certificates that indicate the land
holders name, location and area of parcels, neighboring holders to implement the law and the
registration issued in regional states.

2.4. Land registration in Amhara region

Land registration in Amhara region is based on the provision of Amhara land administration land
use proc. No 46/2000. A more comprehensive legal frame work do drafted. Amhara national
regional state has developed a systematic comprehensive registration of title certification. All
land units (private, communal, state) were brought in register property identified. Land
registration and certification pilot program is support by Swedish institution (SIDA) as a part of
rural and urban land development program supported for the Amhara region (Truneh, B and
Hailu, 2006).

2.5 Issues and Challenges of Land Registration in Amhara

2.5.1 Conflicts Emerging in the process of land registration

The process of land registrations in Amara is generating conflict. Preventing and resolving this
has become an important and demanding challenge. From short history of this first experience of
land registration in the region, it is seems that many conflicts have emerge during the process,
and victims are swinging between the lower and the higher officials in the hierarchy without
often having the problems resolve. The following sources of conflict have emerged in the
process of land measurement and registration.

1 people where observe trying to hide cases of land illegal occupation from the committee,
hoping that committee members would turn blind eye.

2, at the present, the dominant cases of conflict and crimes observe by police the region due to
conflicts that have arises as result of illegal land sales, despite federal law prohibiting that
transaction.

9
3, on other level the regional constitution states that land administration is mandate of the
political administration structures at regional, zonal, woreda and kebele level.

4, in effect, EMA seems mandate to hand land administration in the region. This lack of clarity
seems to have caused some clashes between kebele administrations.

2.5.2 Willingness to register land

During the process of land registration in Amhara region whether community members were
willing to register their land appears from the data to be more strongly negative than positive.
Some of study shows that a significant number (from 31% in Sekela woreda to 59% in Gish
abay) did not to register, but rather they were told to do it all felt forced to. When these who
explicitly “I did not want register” are added to these, between 55% and 73% of all respondents
did not favor land registration.

2.5 .3 types of land registration

Land registration has many types based on legal, organizational, procedural and information
management distinctions. From legal perspective there are two types of land registration system
in the world. These are; title registrations system and deed registration system.in reality many
different between the two.

2.5.4 Title registration

This is a legal document that espouses the right of an individual to own and possess the items
that the document shows. In simple terms, it is a document that recognizes the ownership of
items by people. They can be obtained by descent, grant and purchasing them. Title registration
began in Australia (Torrens) and England in 1850’s. Systems have gradually spread to other
countries around the world. In this is a legal document that espouses the right of an individual to
own and possess the items that the document shows. In simple terms, it is a document that
recognizes the ownership of items by people. They can be obtained by descent, grant and
purchasing them/#ixzz7NjDfXuuze

title registration system the title or the ownership it is registered and self a proof ownership and
correct vines is secured or guaranteed by the state ( Belachew M .2006). The title registration
system focused on the land parcels and registers properties by presenting “What is owned by
whom” ( Belachew M .2006).There are various types of title registration system the best known
of which is introduced by Sir “Robert Torrens” in Australia in the latter half of 19th century. The
Torrens registration system based on three well known principles:

1. The mirror principle: the register reflects accurately and completely the current state of the
title; hence there is no need to look elsewhere for proof of title.

2. The curtain principle the register is the sole sources of title information. In effect a curtain is
drowning blocking out all former transaction; there is no need to go beyond the current recorded
to review his documentation.

3. The insurance principle the state is responsible for the variety information to register and for
providing compensation in the case of errors or omissions, thus providing financial security for
the owners. Title registration systems are in general supported by comprehensive surveying and
mapping programmed; that for parcel indexes and precisely delimited property boundary( Peter
Dale and John McLaughlin 1999). Title shows that an individual owns property legally. In real
estate, owning a title is crucial because it shows ownership of a property. This means that the
individual with the title has the right to use the property. They can also transfer their ownership
to other people when they want to. However, if they have partial ownership of the land, they
can’t transfer more than they own.http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/legal-
miscellaneous/difference-between-deed-and-title/#ixzz7Nj8XNcTG

2.5.5. Deed registration

This is a document that shows the transfer of ownership of property from a seller (grantor) to the
end buyer (grantee). For the deed to have recognition in court and be functional, it must have the
identification details of the buyer and seller as well as a comprehensive description .

Essential Features of a Deed

-It must be a written document.

- The grantor must meet the legal requirements to transfer the property, and the buyer should
be capable of acquiring the property.

-The property should have sufficient description.

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 -It must contain the signatures of both the grantor and the grantee.

Just like titles, deeds have several classifications. They can be either private or official. Official
deeds must be handed over in court; therefore, there have to be legal proceedings. However,
most individuals or business entities carry out their transactions with private deeds. Some of the
common deeds include special warranty deed, special purpose and general warranty deed among
others. This is a sensitive document. Therefore, an attorney should be consulted when carrying
out transactions that involve the transfer of property http://www./difference-between-deed-and-
title/#ixzz7NjAmoCs3

Every deed must communicate what rights are owned and where the boundaries or limits of
those rights are. Under the deed registration system deeds public repository is provided for
registering documents associated with property transaction (deeds, mortgage, and plans of
survey). There are many types of deed registration system they are all based on three core
principles:

1. Security: registration of document in public office provides some major of security against
loss, distraction or fraud.

2. Evidence: registration of a document can be used as evidence in support of acclaim to a

property interest (although cannot provide an assurance of titles).

3. Notice and priority: registration of documents gives public notice that a property transaction
has accrued and uses exceptions; the time of registration provides a property claim ( Peter Dale
page 38).

Three basic elements in deed registration: the logging of the time entry of the property
document; the indexing of the instrument; and the achieving of document( Peter Dale p.37). A
deed registration is a recorded of a particular transactions and serve as evidence of the specific
agreement, but it is not proof of a legal right of transacting parties to inter in to and
commensurate the agreement.

2.6 Function of land registration

In general there are two major function of land registration: public and private, the former relates
to the welfare of the state or community as a whole, while the later advantage of individual
citizens. From public point of view, it provides information on land holders and size of property
which lays foundation for fiscal inventory or tax assessment. It is also important for property
planning and management of the state land in particular and individual properties in general
(Shaw Kena, 2007).

Land registration systems provide the means for recognizing formalized property rights and for
regulating the character and the transfer of their rights. Registries document in the land,
including information about the nature and special interest and the names of individual to whom
those interests relate. They also normally record charges and loans that are rights to retain
property against debts as in the case of mortgage, also in some systems these are held in separate
registries ( Peter Dale ,p 36).

2.7 Approaches of land registration

2.7.1 Sporadic land registration approaches

Sporadic land registration is the process of land based on case by case. When introducing new
system of land registration it is usual to consider when the most appropriate approach is for a
systematic or sporadic registration. The most communication used to trigger sporadic registration
in the sale of property. Sporadic registration has the advantage that may be less expensive in the
short time than systematic registration and that tends most economically active property first. It
has disadvantage that it will take much large ton achieve complete coverage all title within the
jurisdiction (Larson. G, 2008).

2.7.2 Systematic land registration approaches

Systematic Land Registration is the methodical and orderly registration of parcels of land in a
designated area known as the Systematic Adjudication Area. It helps that will prove more
comprehensive about land information with a given time. It brings all claims an area to light at
the same time. In addition this give more people improved rights more quickly. Thus supporting
the general development impacts of; maximizing security of holding rights and reducing
transaction cost. Systematic registration is a systematic approach to adjudicating, summarizing
and registering parcel based on area by area. A systematic is relatively expensive in budgetary
terms because of the typically large number of parcels based the average cost per parcel may be
significantly lower than with the sporadic registration as a result of economic scale(Ibid, p.192).

13
 Table 1 shows the difference between sporadic land registration and systematic land registration.

Sporadic registration approach Systematic registration approach

Less expensive in the short term very expensive Relatively expensive coverage cost per parcel
it is to cover

Based on case by case Based on area by area

Takes much larger time to achieve complete Takes relatively less time
coverage

2.8 The roles of land registration and certification

Land registration and certification has been alleged as a prerequisite for securing property rights
which is vital for sustainable land management and agricultural development. The primary
objective of the program is to be a guarantee for the land tenure security of farmers and if the
program achieved its primary objective, it is important for the increment of agricultural
outputs. The district environmental protection, land administration and use office expert
stated that, the book of rural land possession is the only legal document that indicates the real
user of land and most of the farmers during the interview process also replied that, their
land is protected and secured from arbitrary evictions due to the book that was provided by the
program. They believed that, due to the program, farmers have secured for their perpetual
use rights and they are free from unreasonable interference from the outsiders.
 2.9 land administration system

A land administration system comprises: legal framework, administrative framework and

organizational frame work and infrastructure. United Nation-economic commission for Europe
states in land administration guide lines that “these systems are concerned with administrators
must operate”. Land administration systems provide confidence that property rights will be easy
to identify and verify, that rights will be protected against un lawful actions and that results legal
actions will be easy to predict. When it comes to property transactions, registration systems play
a role in bringing certainty. A land administration systems through the registration or recording
rights and interests in land is improving the land tenure security provides land transfer
procedures. Without knowledge about who owns what and where even in customary areas, land
management will be hardly possible to the government. So, a land administration system is a pre
requisite for sustainable land management.

15
 CHAPTER THREE
3. Research methods

3.1. Description of the study area

Amhara national regional state is one of the largest regions next to the Oromia regional state in
Ethiopia .The region extends from 9,to 30,45, 0 north to 40, 30 , 0 east. It is bounded by Tigray
in north, Oromiya in south, afar in east and Beneshangule in west. It covers 170,152 square
kilometer areas and has compact shape Amhara national regional state comprises with 11
administrative zones, 163 woredas and more than 2850 kebeles .The settlement and economic
activity of the people nearly 89% of the population residents are in the rural areas and
predominantly engaged in small scale and subsistence agriculture which accounts 55.8 of the
regional GDP. On the other hand livestock population covers 29% of the country and it
contributes 22% from the agriculture 12.5 from the total GDP of the region. (Source: Bahir Dar
zuria woreda agricultural research offices).

3.1.1 Location of the study area

Sekela is one of the woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Part of the West Gojjam Zone, It
is bordered on the southwest by Bure, on the west by the Agew Awi Zone, on the north by
Mecha, on the northeast by Yilmana Densa, on the east by Kuarit, and on the southeast by Jabi
Tehnan.

Gish Abay is a town in west-central Ethiopia. Located in the Mirab (West) Gojjam Zone of the
Amhara Region, it is the administrative center of Sekela woreda. The town is named after the
nearby Mount Gish and the Abay River (Blue Nile) whose source is in the foothills of the
mountain. And located in Amhara state; north western Ethiopia within the geographical grid
coordinates of are 10055'00'' to 11005'00'' North latitude and 37005'00'' to 37015'00'' East
longitude. Located situated about 425 Kilometers northwest of Addis Ababa, around 175
kilometers southwest of Bihar Dar, the Capital of Amhara Regional Stat and around 170
kilometers northwest from debremarkos (SWAO 2009).

17
 Figure.1. Map of Gish abay town

3.1.2 Population
The population of the town is growing from time to time as result of the variable such as birth, migration
emigration. This population growth is affecting the land registration and certification system at large.

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia
(CSA), this woreda has a total population of 138,691, an increase of 61.36% over the 1994
census, of whom 69,018 are men and 69,673 women; 6,779 or 4.89% are urban inhabitants. With
an area of 768.83 square kilometers, Sekela has a population density of 180.39, which is greater
than the Zone average of 158.25 persons per square kilometer. A total of 29,908 households were
counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.64 persons to a household, and 29,093
housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with
99.97% reporting that as their religion (Census 2007 Tables: Amhara Region)
Based on Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Gish Abay has an estimated total population of 3,385 of
whom 1,615 are men and 1,770 are women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of
1,959 of whom 850 were men and 1,109 were women.(
http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm).

3.1.3 Topography
Topography of Gish abay town is characterized by flat area from east to west, hill and has mainly
mountain as well as it covers by undulating area. The elevation of Gish abay varies from 1500 to
3000masl. The higher elevation ranges are located on the mountainous area at the South of the
town of Gish abay. It expands only to South-West and North-West direction because other areas
are surrounded by mountains.

3.1.4. Climatic condition

Gish abay town has a comparatively mild climate because of its high elevation (1500-
3000masl).The annual climate may be divided in a rainy and dry season. The rainy season may
be divided in to a major rainy season (Kiremt) and minor rainy seasons (Belg&Tsedey). During
Kiremt season from June through August above 75% of total rainfall occurs and in Belg season
from March to May small rainfall occur. The dry seasons (Bega) occurs in December to February
and Tsedey covers from September through November.

3.1.5. Economic activities

Agriculture is predominantly source of livelihood in the study area. Both crop production and
livestock rearing systems characterize it. The main fruits and vegetables from the kebele are
tomato, onion, wheat, are grown.

3.1.6 Types of soil characteristics

In Sekela woreda there are three types of soil characteristics. These are brown soil 10%, red soil
34%, and black soil 56%. As the Sekela woreda agricultural research Center stated the most
dominant crops are barley, wheat, potatoes and teff so on.

3.2 Sampling technique and sample size

In Gish abay town sanigib kebele the total population 1,959 (850 men and 1,109 women). There
are 200 households whose land certifications are administered under rural land administration

19
system. For the selection of respondent households the list of farm households in each kebele
was used as a sampling frame. A total of 200 sample households (92 male and 108 female) were
selected purposely from the study kebele. In this study area most people are illiterate, some of
the people can read and write, and few people attained regular education. In the kebele there are
governmental services such as school, police security, health station for public and animal
treatment agriculture and land administration experts branch office and manager all of those are
governmental employers in this kebele.

3.3 Data source and data collection

There are mainly two sources of data collection techniques which are namely primary and secondary.

3.3.1. Primary data source

The research was designed to generate primary data through information gathering from various
sources, includes households living rural areas, the kebele leaders, and government staff working
on land administration.

3.3.1.2 Secondary data source

Secondary information was collected from internet, books, research papers, government reports.
The data generated through appropriate research methods using questionnaire and interviews
with selected individual using check list of questions

3.3.2 Selections of respondent households

For the selection of respondent households the list of farm households in each kebele was used as
a sampling frame. A total of 200sample households (92male and 108 female) were selected
purposely from the study kebele.

3.3.3. Household questionnaire and group interview

To generate the data that addresses the objective of the study questionnaire was designed to
contain a range issues that provide an insight in to the socio economic system of households and
their perception on the rural land registration and its impact on tenure security/land rights and
land management changes. The questionnaires were filled by the researched as many of the
sample households were unable to read and write. Two groups of interviews were carried out
involving farmers and kebele leaders and kebele land administrations committees to supplement
and confirm information and the information generated in questionnaires.

3.3.4 Data summarizing and analysis

The research has generated a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. The study aimed
at presenting the existing conditions of practical land registrations and certifications in the study
area. Therefore the collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics where the results were
presented in tables, percentage and statement.

21
 CHAPTER FOUR

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The main issues of this chapter focused on the data analysis and discussion of the finding of the
study. The analysis and discussion on results are classified in to six major groups. The first area
of analysis deals with the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The second part
contains the importance of land registration and certification on improving land management, the
third parts of analysis, the major issues in relation to land registration and certification on
improving land management, the fourth categories focus on the feeling of farming on tenure
security before, during and after certification. The fifth part analysis describes the major
problems in relation to land registration and certification. And the last parts of data analysis and
discussion describe the effectiveness of land registration and certification on land management
interventions.

4.1 Scio-economic characteristics of respondents

The structured questionnaires were distributed for 30 respondents as sample population in order
to fill and such selected sample respondents are the residents of sekela woreda in gishe abay
town abay sangib kebele. The purposefully selected sample respondents are generally different in
their sex, educational back ground and levels of occupation. Regarding the sex structured of
respondents 70% of them were males and the remaining 30% of the respondents were females as
it’s shown in
Table 2 Sex structure of respondents

Sex No of respondents Percentage (%)

Male 92 70
Female 41 30
Total 133 100
In relation to the age composition of respondents the youngest respondents was age of 22
whereas the eldest was 71, see the age structure of the table below (Table 3).
Table 3 Age composition of selected respondents.

Age group Number of respondents Percent of age (%)

22-30 25 18.8
31-45 60 45.1
46-55 30 22.5
Above 55 18 13.5
Total 133 100

In relation to the educational status of the sample respondents some of them can read and write,
and the others are can only write their names but most of them were illiterate. See the
educational status of the table below (Table 4).
Table 4 the educational status of respondent

Educational status Number of respondents Percentage (%)

Can read and write 52 39

Can only write their names 61 45.9
Illiterate 20 15.14
Total 133 100

The occupational level of respondents is shown in Table 5. Of the sample respondents five are
from governmental office in Keble level, ten land administration offices in woreda level and the
others are farmers.

Table 5 the occupational level of sample respondent

Level of occupation they Number of respondents Percentage (%)

engaged in
23
Governmental office in 15 11.3
kebele level
Land administration office in 19 14.3
woreda level
Framers 99 74.4
Total 133 100

4.2 The importance of land registration and certification on improving land

management
One of the objectives of this study is to find out whether land registration and certification or
security of land rights enhances the motivations of individual land holder to invest on land or
increasing productivity on their land and assess the role of land registration and certification on
their land management. Land holders report show that land registration and certification assures
their land holding right, use rights and decreasing land management interventions between them.
This is because land holders after gaining certificate their motivation has increased and engaged
in activities such as on tree planting, soil conservation and degradation on land, and on grazing
land and water conservation. These kinds of activities lead to land holders to the good
agricultural productivities and land development. Unless and other wises the land holder not to
do this improvements the government take from the farmers by considering the rules of the land
owner whose terminate their land. In order to escape the loss of their land by the by the
government, land holders work effectively (Table 6).

Table 6 Land management after land registration and certification

What looks like land use Number of respondents Percentage (%)

system after certification
Decreasing 14 10.5
The same as before 18 13.5
Increasing 101 76
Total 133 100
In the sample study area as indicated in Table 6 the survey result denotes that 76% of the
respondents confirmed that the productivity of their land shows an increasing trained after land
registration and certification than the before time. On the other hand 13.5% the respondents said
that there is no change the productivity of farm land by means of land registration and
certification programs and the remain 10.5% respondents give their response there is decrease
productivity after land registration and certification.so from these table the farmers gat higher
product and secure the land use right.

In addition to land registration and land certification the other important constraints fulfill like
that of natural resource, rain and fertilizer those are the input materials for land management. For
example natural resource like trees is essential materials for increasing the content ones land
fertility and soil amount because of natural resources are conserved, the leaves produced from
the trees put on the land increasing the content of soil fertility especially during the summer
season the fragmented or piece of leaves composed and changed the amount of soil fertility. Rain
fall one of the input materials of for land use system. In Ethiopia one of agricultural countries in
the horn Africa through poor land management and utilization is adversely the agricultural
productivity which is a back bone of economy, but the seasonal rain fall is the essential materials
for reduced poor land management and to increasing agricultural productivity.

On the other hand the cost of fertilizer increases time to time and the quantity of rain fall
decreases in case of deforestation and wide spread of desertification due to this and this kind of
problems decreases the production activity now days. To investigate the level of land
management and to cross check the opinion of respondents other data were collected from sekela
woreda land administration office give an response on land management process is not fixed on
land registration and certification system Many study showed that productivity of land is directly
related to the degree of land improvement activities made by land holders according to Deinger
Ayalew(2008) which found that land registration and certification encourages land holders to
invest soil and water and relation works, guarantee ownership and secure land tenure, reduce the
risk of evection and can increases land values. On the other hand Desoto(1993) modern market
economics generate growth because wide spread formal property right registered in a system
governed by legal rules, afford indisputable proof ownership and protection from uncertainty and
fraud, permitting massive low cost exchange, foster specialization and greater productivity. The
25
other finding stated by Roth (1998) and Grass part (2001) land registration security is necessarily
but not sufficient condition for land improvement and agricultural productivity.

4.3 The assessment of major issues in relation to land registration and

certification on improving land management
Land is one of the most important assets of the people throughout the world especially for rural
and urban poor farmers whose their relies on agricultural activities. So land registration and
certification were one of the important tools for the improvement of land management. On the
study of the questionnaire respondents that issues relation to land registration and certification on
improving their land, at woreda level and kebele level the land administration experts discuss
about farmers land management system to appointed some of the issues, such issues soil
degradation and control method, land grazing and management system, water conservation and
wood land management system.

4.3.1 Land management issues in relation to soil degradation and control

method.
Land management problems In sekela woreda specially in abay sangib Keble particularly soil
degradation and control measures are well known by framers and the land tenure security they
have inspired them to control degradation. .

4.3.2 Land management issues relation to grazing and management.

The sample respondents reported that most of the grazing land is the common pool resources for
farmers and small grazing land is owned by privately and the farmers are in charge of how to
conserve the land and control the grazing condition. They also work hard to resolve grazing land
use conflicts through discussions.

4.3.3 Land management issues in relation to Water conservation.

The kebele land administration office and agricultural office the sample respondents reported
that relation to water conservations, water is one of the scarce resources in the kebele because of
human beings and without water life can’t exist. Every land owner is depending on agriculture
so water is the relevant tool for the land owners. The kebele land administration experts discuss
about how to conserve the water by preparing water dam and how to manage the irrigation
lands.

4.4 The feeling of farmers about their land tenure security before, during and
after certification
All respondents had not any awareness regarding to land certification before it takes place, since
certification is anew phenomena in for land holders, due to this reason land holders were not
willing to register their holding land as well as to give required information I n the given study
area. Hence the question was prepared in order to study individuals’ household’s perceptions
before, during and after certification to the security of their land.

Most of the respondents indicated that their right on tenure security before certification is un
known and land holders have not a concept about certification, guarantee on tenure security and
some respondents said that we are unfamiliar for the name certificate, we heard for the first time
by media. During certification most respondent’s reports show that they were frustrated by
remembering action taken by the Government considering some people as bureaucrats.

Generally, the respondents attitude before and after land certification have a great difference.
Since they have no clear information on the importance of certification before registration was
conducted most of the respondents felt no tenure security as they lack absence of evidence about
their land size and possession rights to guarantee their parcel. While some other respondents
report shows that their right was secured after certification in case of the absence of their holding
book. After land certification most of the land holder’s attitudes has been change their feeling
towards positive direction. But not completely secured their land because the registration method
conducted through traditionally by estimate the parcel in erimija or gemed without measuring
land size with modern measuring instruments like that of total station, GPS and photogrammetric
to demonstrate the exact size of individual land holders parcel. The additional respondent
responds about tenure security before, during and after certification in the study area (Table 9).

27
Table 7 land holders attitude towards tenure security.

In what extent your Response Number of Percentage (%)

land is secured? respondent

Before certification Highly secured 11 8.3

Slightly secured 19 14.9

Not secured 103 77.4

Total 133 100

During certification Highly secured 15 11.3

Slightly secured 20 15.1

Not secured 98 73.6

Total 133 100

After certification Highly secured 102 76.7

 Slightly secured 18 13.5

Not secured 13 9.8

Total 133 100

Generally, Table 7 shows that house hold response about tenure security before certification
8.3% highly secure, 14.9% slightly secure and 77.4%was not secured. During certification 11.3%
highly secured, 15.1%slightly secured and the remaining 73.6%were not secured. After
certification 76.7% highly secured, 13.5% slightly secured and the other 9.8% was not secured.

4.5 The major problems in relation to land registration and certification

Woreda land administration office reports explained many problems on the implementation of
land registration and certification such as:-

 Absence of the awareness about the use and the advantage of land registration and
certification on land holders.
 Lack of trained man power
 Lack of willingness on the land holders to give real information and actual size and the
total number of holding lands.

The land holders have shown misbehavior during land registration and certification.

The problems of some land holders to registering vacant lands or common lands of the
community.

 Lack of modern equipment’s such as GPS, total station to registering the exact location of
the parcel and this problem not solved still now.
 The land holders have been misunderstanding the advantages of registration before
making of certification.
 Double registering a single parcel.
 Frustration of land holders for the future and thus frustration makes them not registered
the exact size of the parcel.
 Absence of sufficient money for the implementation of land registration and certification.
 Rental land holders register as their private land.

29
  Adjacent land holder’s boundary conflict which makes difficult to determine individual
parcel size.

4.6 The assessment of the effectiveness of land registration and

certification on land management interventions.
One of the objectives of this study is to find out whether land registration or certification
alleviates the land management interventions between land holders. The household respondents
reports that after land registration and certification there is a change of land management
interventions because households change their land management interventions for many reasons.
After registering and land certification the land management interventions were gradually
increasing due to improved feeling of security.

Table 8 the effectiveness of land registration and certification on land management interventions.

What looks like land Number of respondents Percentage (%)

management interventions
after land registration and
certification
Increasing 82 61.7

The same before 34 25.5

Medium 15 11.3

Decreasing 2 1.5

Total 133 100

According to Table 8 the house hold survey result shows that 61.7% respondents said that land
management increase after land registration and certification as explain on the above. The other
respondents’ 25.5% shows that land use interventions between land holders are the same as
before registration and certification and after registration and certification because land holders
own their land management intervention. Thus some problem is creation between them without
specifically knowing their parcel demarcation. And 11.3% the respondent said that after land
registration and certification land use intervention was a medium situation. The remaining 1.5%
respondent said that decrease after land registration and certification.

To investigate the level of land management interventions in relation to land registration and
certification and to cross check the opinion of respondents on the data collected from sekela
Woreda land administration office indicates that after land registration and certification land use
conflict between landholders decrease because individual landholders know their parcel size in
each directions and land management about soil fertility, tree planting, wood land management
and so on.

In general most households during group study time conclude that land registration and
certification has brought to them several advantages including increasing tenure security and
better land management in their localities.

31
 CHAPTER FIVE:

5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 conclusions

The finding of the study demonstrates that the feeling of land rights security is increasing
through time. The finding also shows that the government rural land certification intervention
carried out to increase tenure has been achieving it is intended to objectives and is effective in
improving tenure security of the land holders.

Land registration and certification has important role on improving land management
interventions by land holders. Because of land registration and certification the tenure security of
farmers is avoided and this is an important political achievement by the government.

Land registration and certification created better situation for households to practice land use
system supported by control of soil degradation, water conservation, and common grazing land
management. Land registration and certification has a great contribution on agricultural
production by creating awareness for land holders on their lands. On the other hand a land
registration and certificated better situation for the government to collect appropriate and fair
taxes from landholder, to solve different complains which rise from land holders, to avoid the
boundary conflicts between adjacent parcels and to create good information on land
administration.
 5.2 Recommendation

As a recommendation the following particulars shall be given due to consideration by the

concerned body, so that mechanism could be more efficient, reliable and adaptable to new
circumstances.

 The government should create suitable condition for registration and certification on
boundary demarcation by using total station and GPS.
 The government must be prepared map for individual parcel.
 The registration and certification should be computerized rather than manual document.
 The woreda concerned body should improve the poor performance of land registration
practice by making the kebele implementation activity transparent in all land
administration activity.
 The government should encourage the land administration experts in each kebele to
provide efficient service to rural households.
 The government should be creating awareness for land holders about the advantage of
land registration and certification in order to implement it in a better way.
 The government should pay salary for rural land administration committee to reduce
corruption and to accelerate land certification system in the study area.
 The government or the land administration office should use cadaster: to know the parcel
size, land use and where it is located appropriately.
 The government employ in land administration office only graduated in land
administration.
 In the time of any work farmers and the office worker are work jointly.

==========================///==========================

CHAPTER SIX

6. REFERENCES
Abebe S, 2006, Land registration comparative analysis of Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray
regional estate.
33
Brhanu Adinaw and Fayisa Abdi (research report three), A (2005) Land registration in Amhara
region, Ethiopia.

Belachew M. 2005 an administrative approach to the need for effective real estate registration in
Bahir dar city: - a total for safeguarding dwellers real property.

Dale P and Maclaghlin J. (1996) land administration oxford, university press.

Desalgn Ramato. 2003 access to resource and livelihood security, forum social study Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.

Larson G. (2006) land registration systems, tool for land information and management.

Mark, A 2006, a global experience in land registration and titling.

Mitchell. ET .al. (2008) the importance of UN-HABITAT and FAO for land tenure security and
rural development.

Kaakunga and Ndalikokule, 2006. The role of land certification securing land right.

Peter Dale and Johan McLaughlin (1996) land information management an introduction with
special reference to cadastral problems in third world countries.

Proclamation No. 456/2005 new land lease proclamation Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Ruth M. (2008) Assessment of rural land registration and land information system.

Seid, (2006) module of introduction land administration.

Srow toosipson A (1976), Land law and registration cam bride university press.

Tiruneh B and Hailu T 2006 parcel based data and registration formats, issued and
improvement.

USAID (United States agency for international development) 2007, land tenure property right
frame work.

Vander Molten 2002, practices of land registration and titling to in securing land tenure.

Wendafrash A, 2006. Views of rural people on land registration and taxation in north shewa zone
Amhara
 APPENDEXES
APENDEX1
The questionnaire prepared for sekela woreda land administration employer.

1, Sex male female

2, age 18-31 31-40 41-50 51 and above

3, Occupational level degree Diploma Master

4, what is your responsibility during land registration and certification?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5, do any some problems during land registration process?

A, yes B, No

6, If your answer is yes from the above question number -5- what are the problems

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

......................................................................................................................................................

7, what looks like the feeling of farmers about their land before, during and after certification?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8, what may be the major changes of land holders after gaining certification own its land management
system?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

9, what activities do suggest to make the land certification to be effective and improve livelihood of
farmers?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10, do you think that land registration and certification encourages possession rights?
35
 A, yes B, No

11, if your answer is yes from the above question number-10- what way it encourages

…………………………………………..........................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Appendix 2
Check list questions for the kebele land administration committees and kebele leaders

1, Do all farmers in the kebele registered?

A, yes B, No

2, if your answer is yes in question number -1- how many farmers gaining certificate?

……………………………………………......................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........

3, what is the awareness of farmers during land registration and certification process in the kebele?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4, is there any differences on land management, farmers after gaining certification?

A, yes B, No

5, if your answer is yes in the above question number -4- what are the importance differences in the
kebele?

……………………………..............................................................................................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....

6, what is the role of the kebele administration in resolving the conflicts?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7, can you say that the land certification program has contributed to improvement in the livelihood of
farmers and to good environment?

A, yes B, No
8, if your answer is yes described how the land certification contributes to livelihood in important and
environmental rehabilitation

…………………………………………………………………......................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9, do you discuss in land administration issues in the kebele?

A, yes B, No

10, if you what are the issues you have discussed?

A, about soil erosion and control method

B, about grazing land management

C, about wood land and management

D, about water harvesting

Appendix 3
Questionnaire for house holds
1, Sex male female

2, age 21-31 31-40 41-55 above 55

3, what is your educational level? Can only write their names illiterate

4, do you have land certificate? Yes No

5, if your answer in question 4 yes is there any changes your land improvement after gaining thus
certification?

A, yes B, No

6, if you yes in question number -5- what are thus changes of land improvement?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

37