Mr.B.P.K.D.
PATHIRAJA
B.TEC(HONS) IN AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF JAFFNA
The system that used to stop any vehicle within the smallest
possible distance by applying frictional force.
Kinetic Energy Heat Energy
Figure 01 : Energy Conversion of Braking System
The most important system of a vehicle.
The vehicle system used to avoid any type of accidents.
The system used to increase the safety of the passengers.
The system which permit the vehicle to travel at a constant speed in
downhill.
The system which hold the vehicle still when parked on a flat or a
gradient.
The system which must decelerate a vehicle in a controlled and
repeatable manner under a variety of conditions.
Slippery wet & dry roads
Rough & smooth roads
Straight line and cornering conditions
High & low rates of decelerations
New or worn linings
Towing
Figure 02 : Stopping Distance of a Vehicle
Stopping Distance = Reaction Distance + Braking Distance
Reaction Distance Braking Distance
(𝑠×𝑟) 𝑆2
𝑑= 𝑑=
3.6 (250×𝑓)
d = Distance in meters
s = Speed in Km/h
r = Reaction Time in second
3.6 = Conversion of Km/h to m/s
250 = Fixed Value
f = Co-efficient of Friction( Dry asphalt=0.8, Ice=0.1 )
Figure 03 : Typical View of Automotive Braking System
Figure 04 : Actual View of Automotive Braking System
Braking systems
Mechanical Braking Hydraulic Braking
Air Braking System
System System
Figure 05 : Classification of Automotive Braking System
1) Mechanical Braking System – Braking force is transferred via
braking medium of mechanical components such as axles, shafts
and wheels.
2) Hydraulic Braking System - Braking force is transferred via braking
medium of Hydraulic fluid such as glycolethers or diethylenglycol.
Disc Brake
Drum Brake
3) Air Braking System - Braking force is transferred via braking
medium of compressed air.
Figure 06 : Drum Brake Figure 07 : Disc Brake
Automatic Emergency Braking – AEB
AEB alerts driver for the collision first and if the driver response
is not enough sufficient to avoid the crash then it automatically apply
the emergency brakes.
Figure 08 : Automatic Emergency Braking – AEB
Pedestrian Detection Mode - PDM
PDM can detect pedestrian, alerts warning and trigger
automatic emergency braking, if necessary.
Figure 09 : Pedestrian Detection Mode - PDM
Lane Keeping Assist - LKA
Automatic corrective steering input or braking is provided by
the vehicle when crossing lane markings.
Figure 10 : Lane Keeping Assist - LKA
Blind Spot Warning – BSW
The system provide an additional warning if you use your turn
signal when there is a car next to you in another lane.
Figure 11 :Blind Spot Warning – BSW
Antilock Braking System – ABS
ABS is an automatic safety system that allows wheel to maintain
tractive contact while braking the wheels from locking up (Ceasing
wheel rotation) and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.
Figure 12 : Antilock Braking System – ABS
Adaptive Cruise Control - ACC
ACC system is a combination of lasers, radars, and cameras
which is used to keep a constant distance between you and the vehicle
ahead, and automatically maintaining a safe following distance as
autonomous.
Figure 13 : Adaptive Cruise Control - ACC
Regenerative Braking System – RBS
Regenerative braking system uses an electric vehicle’s motor
as a generator to convert much of the kinetic energy lost when
decelerating back into stored energy in the vehicle’s battery.
Figure 14 : Regenerative Braking System – RBS
