Bl Comoe PAPER 2 writing PAPER 3 ening PAPER 4 Speaking Essential tips Reed through the text quickly Fret. ¥ Remember that only one ‘option is correct for each cap. Itingeds to fit in the eontenca. and also with the meaning oF ‘the whole text, > Look carefully at the words before and after esch gap, For example, sometimes only one ‘option is eomect because of & preposition that follows the gap. + Wher you have comploted ail tho gape, road through the text again to check that it ‘makes sense. ‘Question 1: This is @ phrase which meane “ust about to do something’ ‘Question 2; Look st the words following the gap. Which adverb Is Ukely to collocate with jong? ‘Question 3: Which of those phrasal verbs means ‘i was discovered that”? ‘Question 4: All four options ‘could ba used to start sentence. However, three of ‘hem either have the wrong ‘meaning of need 10 be followod ‘by a preposition. 52 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B,C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 A view B survey © outing D_ inquiry Finding new species A group of scientists recently conducted a biodiversity (0) of @ tropical forest in Suriname, Latin America. One day, a local guide caught a large catfish, and was on the (1) ....... of cutting it up for cooking when two of the scientists intervened. ‘They had noticed that the creature had (2) ....... long spines, probably to protect it from predators, It (3). any catfish in reference books, the as yet unnamed fish was one of 46 candidates for new species . Out to be an undiscovered species. (4) .. status that the scientists found during their visit. In the 1730s, Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (6) ....... rules for classifying species, ‘the most basic biological (6) .......: since then, scientists have catalogued more than 1.7 million species, but it is thought that there may be as many as 8.7 million on earth. Figures for different groups of animals have been (7) birds and reptiles are believed to have been discovered. Fish, shellfish and spiders, however, are a different story, and literally millions of species of insects (8) .. and most mammal, for future generations to discover. 1 A edge B line © verge D border 2 A intensely B utterly © highly D exceptionally 3. A tuned B came © carried D gave 4 A Opposite B Unlike © Contrary D Distinct 5 A laid on B set out ¢ fixed up D put through 6 A category B section © department —_D version 7 A accounted _B composed € compiled D joined 8 A stay B endure € persist D remain »: Acivaniced Test 3 >> PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English >» Part 4PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking Roses For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Colirialel TT I Oo Exampl Why you forgot what you came into the room for The brain may be (0)... least understood organ in the human body. It guides everything we do, but every (9)... often it lets us down. One ennoying, if (10) ...... exactly life-threatening, example of this is when you walk into a room, (11) ese tO realise you have forgotten what your reason for going there was. an incredibly powerful organ as the brain unable to remind us of something that simple? 113) «2.00 spent many years investigating the brain, scientist Gabriel Redvansky thinks he has an answer. He has conducted numerous experiments in (18) Participants’ memories were tested after crossing a room or exiting through = doorway. Invariably, passing through a doorway resulted (18) ....... more memory errors, Radvansky refers to what happens as an ‘event boundary’ in the brain. As (16) ....» as the brain is concerned, a doorway is a boundary between one event, or experience, and another. The brain files away all information about the frst event, and focuses an the second, the new rom; this makes it hard to recall 2 decision made in a previous room. Essential tips Reed the whole text quickly. > Most of the gaps need grammatical words. Decide which type of word each gap needs. ‘These could include: prepositions (e.g. of in) atiles (e.g. 2 shel, pronouns (ee they, ‘it, ther, thers) relative pronouns (2.2. wo, which), conjunctions (eg sci $2) osrts of verbs (e.9. be, Been), modal verbs (e.g. might. must, particles of obras! verbs lec. ‘ook through, look into), parts of phrases (0.9. in order 2). > The gap will probably not need a topic word. For example, in the phrase only he had known about, known would not be gapped, but if only, he, had or about souls =. > Romember that the word you choose must fit the meaning of the whole text mot just = tow words before and after a gap. Read the complete text to see # = mates sense. ‘Question 10: Look at the whole sentence here. sit "ife-threstening’ to forge why you hays ‘entered 8 room? Thinking about this question should lead you to the missng word ‘Question 11: This isa phrase, .. 0 do something, used to describe something that hhappens immediately afterwards and causes surprise or dissppointment. ‘Question 12: Look carefully at the structure of the whole sentence following the gap. Why is the word as there? ‘Question 13: If you can’t think ofa suitable word here, it may help to try thinking of = [phrase that makas sense. n this cate, Bocauso he has would ft the sentence: In written English, phrases ike because he has, after he had, when he had are ofan replaced by 3 ‘particular form of an euxilary verb belore a past participle suxiiery ver + spent. Cambridge Enalish: Advanced! Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Part2 53oes Cece PAPER 2 Writing pape Ustening PAPER 4 Speaking Guestion 1 estes cfwers | hospitable conditions of southern Afric, This would have word is needed for the gep? resulted in population (23) ......«. competition for resources and Question 19: You need to form ‘anoun hate. Itcan be aither Dr | rccering a rezeat reser, heal Ses of eter wonhor at a gee che Aine acs He pen ‘When ou dasisewhieh ne ‘early human beings in southern Africa made the greatest (0) Be Fence ee Forward (1) ccf odarn han ie ‘note it down next to the gap — ‘nun, verb, adjactive or ‘adverb. Only these four types ‘of mord are tested inthis part Of the exam, vill probably need more than ‘one change. Be careful with spelling, Check whether nouns should be singular or plural When you complete the task, ‘ead through the taxt again Does it all meke sense? singular or plural ‘Question 20: The noun required here refers 10 3 process of simulating something that ‘pappened in the past Question 24: What kind of ‘word can often come before ‘an adjective, modifying the adjective? rnin 34 cambricige Fn example at the beginning (0). le eee Example: | 0 |[1 [N/D| For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, There is an Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. sitiritalel [11 | Early human development and Essential tips climate change cherecterised by {21} ...... heavy rainfall in southern Africa, whilst the rest of the cantinent experienced long-term drought. from climate change. ns Achyanced Test 8 »> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English »» ares | I thought to have taken place in Africa over 200,000 years ago, southern Africa about 71,500 and 64,000 to 59,000 years ago, | of shell jewellery, also of bone tools and probably of language | 100,000 years, scientists discovered that these two periods were ‘The researchers bolieve their (22) ....... support the view that there was significant movement of ancient humans ta the more exchange of ideas, which in turn fuslled progress. So, these distant ancestors of ours may well have benefited (24) . INDUSTRY EMERGE INNOVATE DORN CONSTRUCT NOTE FIND Grow TECHNOLOGYls Suse For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the ward given, Do not change the word given. You must se between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). writing Example; PER 4 Speaking : =" i 0 Chloe would only eat a pizza if she could have a mushroom topping. on Chloe x a mushroom topping when she had a pizza The gap can be filled with the words ‘insisted on having’, so you write: Fort 4 tests a wide range of Re riatical seicsines ail Example; [ 0 |NSISTED ON HAVING. ‘oeabulary items, However, > PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English > Part 55; as a real surpriseYou are going to read a book review. For questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, PAPER 2 Weiting Cor D} which you think fits best according to the text. PAPER 3 Listening “ Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Hemingway's Boat Sam Leith reviews a biography of the great American novelist and short story writer, Ernest Hemingway: Hemingway's Boat: Everything He Loved in Life, And Lost, 1934-1961, by Paul Hendrickson. In Hemingway's Boat, Hendrickson takes the idea that writing about Hemingwey's boat Pilaris a way of getting at deep things about the man. Pilar was there all the second half of his life and fishing was more than a recreation for Hemingway: it was at the centre, this book plausibly suggests, of his being in the world. Paul Hendrickson duly set about getting to the core of Hemingway's relationship with Pilar. And how! He hasn't just interviewed Hemingway's sons and surviving former friends and helpers. He has investigated the history of the company that built Hemingway's boat, and visited the muddy waterway in which she first floated. If a journalist published a news report on Hemingway's arrival in Cuba, where he lived for many years, Hendrickson will have studied his subsequent career. If Hemingway fished a particular stream on one occasion in his teens, Hendrickson will have fished it too. This is the total immersion school of - well, biography isn’t quite the word, It's a sort of mental home invasion The narrative loops around in time — describing the acquisition of the boat, and going forward and back to his childhood, zipping into his legacy, and closing in on his death. As well as the Pilar story, it describes, at some length, a trio of others. There's Arnold Samuelson, a well-educated wanderer who ended up crewing his boat; there's Walter Houk, a junior diplomat, whose wife worked as Hemingway's secretary and who was similarly taken up; and there's Hemingway's youngest son, Gregory ('Gigi’). The author interviewed the latter two, and extensively researched the first, telling their previously under-examined stories fully and sympathetically in the hope that, in the overlap between them, we'd get somewhere close to Hemingway. It works. This book places you formidably deep in Hemingway's world and life. It takes you down to the insertions and deletions in manuscripts, and shows you how the sentences were formed: with what agony and then excitement he wrote. Not that it cuts corners on the wild, action-man stuff either. Hemingway was insanely competitive, and behaved with infantile petulance when a guest out-hunted or out-fished him. At one point the author remarks drily, when Hemingway shoots himself in the leg on board Pilar. ‘Perhaps if the fisherman hadn't been trying to land the fish and gaff it and shoot it in the head all at once, the accident would never have occurred.’ And he sure did love shooting. Here we meet Hemingway shooting at bottles, shooting his initials into the top of a shark's head, blowing away seabirds with a shotgun, and so on. But here, too, is the Hemingway who knew what a monster he could be, and regretted it. This was a man who was capable of great acts of kindness and generosity, and of remorse. There are some killingly poignant quotes - long, wonderful letters written to the sick children of friends, for instance, and the interviews with his beloved but tragic son Gigi. It gathers to a really moving end. There is so much in this long book which is interesting and enlightening that it defies any attempt to reduce it to a neat outline. So | regret that | do have some reservations. Hemingway's Boat has received praise, not only for its research, but for its prose; it’s in a style that strikes some people as literary. To my mind, however, it's showily overwritten. Besides the tricksy devices like sudden switches to the present tense, it abounds with pompous turns of phrase sometimes clumsily repeated, among the crazy level of descriptive detail, with at least three chapters containing the words 'Amid so much ruin, still the beauty’. Which brings to mind all the irritating verbless sentences. The problem is, he’s doing several things: this is not just a book about Hemingway, it's also a memoir of writing a book about Hemingway, and, in some sense, it’s a novelisation of the author's worshipful and faintly competitive relationship with his literary master. He bosses the reader about (‘take another look at the photograph’) and lets what he takes to be Hemingway-style confidence drift into his prose. It’s as if someone has told Hendrickson that this is literary writing, and that it will make the difference between a good book and an astonishing one. | don't think Hemingway ~ who, as Hendrickson admits, is much harder to imitate than he looks - would have agreed. f'm sure it's just Hendrickson. The fact is, though, this book would have been astonishing without it. jy Aayanced Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b> Part 5ial tips Make sure you road tho ‘ike and the byline just underneath it, This should bo ‘a helpful Introduction to the ‘subject of the text you are ‘going to read. Read the text quickly for ‘general understanding. Try 10 get an ides of the way itis ‘organised, ead each question and highlight the Key words, Find ‘and mark the relevant piece ‘of text for each question, ‘Look atthe options for the first quastion and highlight the key words in them. Then ‘ook at tha relovant pies of text and highlight words that ‘late to each option, bolore “deciding which option best ‘eflacts th toxt. ‘you find it atfcut to deciae ishich option is best. ry yimineting options that you feel confident are wrong. Narrowing your choice down ‘ie this should help you fing she answer, 31: This isan example = question about tho writor's in one part of the foxt ‘s the main point of te paragraph? Look atthe. carefully. Options A and about the way Hendriekson while Options Cand 10 look at the previous 00. 32: Find and mark the jn which Samuelson, and Gregory ara 2d. Then examine each in turn, Option we. 31 The reviewer's main intention in the second paragraph is to illustrate vom> how difficult it was for Hendrickson to write about Hemingway. how detailed Hendrickson’s research on Hemingway was. how important boats and fishing were to Hemingway. how much variety there was in Hemingway's life. 32 According to the reviewer, why did Hendrickson devote so much of his book to ‘Samuelson, Houk and Gregory Hemingway? A. They had never been written about before by biographers of Hemingway. B They were the most important people in Hemingways life © They provided clues to Hemingway's true character. D_ They all spent time with Hemingway on his boat. 33 What does the reviewer suggest about Hendrickson’s biography in the fourth paragraph? A Itenhances Hemingway's reputetion as s writer. B_ It.goes into too much detail about certain aspects of Heminaway's behaviour. 20 It underlines the influence Hemingway's lifestyle had on his waiting: It gives a balanced picture of Hemingway as a writer and es = men 34 What point does the reviewer make about Hendrickson’s biography in the ith paragraph? A. tie difficult to summarise. B_ It gots worse as it goes along, © Itcan be too santimental in places. D_ itis best when showing Hemingway's good side. 35 The reviewer quotes the words “Amid so much ruin, stil the besuty exemplify A atricksy device. Ba pompous tum of phrase. © a crazy level of descriptive detail Da verbless sentence, 36 What point does the reviewer make in the final paregrach? ‘A. Hendrickson makes some of the same mistakes as Hemingway did in his writing B__Hendrickson’s biography would have met Hemingway's approval. © _Hendrickson's book is excellent in spite of the way he writes. D_ Hendrickson has taken notice of some bad advice. aro told that Hendrickson describes ‘these three people ‘ot sorve enath’, ‘but doos the text suggest thet ‘lographers had aver writen about them botere? Option 8 all hres people featured in Hemingways ite, but doos the text say they were the gst mporian: people ia his fe? Option Call three seem to have bean close to Hemingway end so would know something about the ‘navalits enaractar, bur doas the text sugges they ‘provided clues! about f? Option D: the text says that Samuelson ang Houk sper time on Homingway's beat, and we cowl {assume thet his son woul awe done to0. But does the text aay this is why Hendrickson wrote sbout tham ‘at some langeh"? ‘Question 25: Mark he reievert ‘part of the text. Then highlight or Underline in the text where the ‘quote inthe question stem and each ‘Of the options are referred to. You ‘may not know what every word oF ‘Dhrase inthe options means, but by Joking carefully at he structure of the sentences in the text you should bbe able fo work out what the phrase refers to, Cambridge English: Aavanced Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b+ Part $ 57)You are going to read four reviews of a book about maps, For questions 37-40, choose from the raviews A-D. The reviews may he chosen more than once. Mark your answors on the separate answer shoot. On Te Map by Simon Garfield Four reviews of Simon Garfield's book about the long and varied history of map-making. A On The Map offers.a chronological history of maps, atlases, charts and globes from Ancient Egypt to contemporary digital cartography, and along the way provides a wealth of facts and anecdotes, all delivered with the expansive liveliness of an expert story-teller. Simon Garfield acknowledges he is neither a cartographer nor a professional historian, but his painstaking research and enthusiasm more than compensate for any omissions — there is very little on maps of Asia, for example — or for the lack of a rigorous guiding principle of the kind expected in books with more academic pretensions, Garfield, justifiably, is as enthralled by the beautiful, often factually erroneous drawings of the distant past as he is by today’s GPS, video-game landscapes and social-media-based graphics. Given Garfield's descriptive intensity, it seems particularly strange thet the black-and-white map illustrations that feature throughout are often reduced in scale to an extent that they become practically illegible. B Perhaps because Simon Garfield is a journalist rather than 2 historian, his understanding of the average reader's attention span is mercifully realistic. In this eminently readable history of map-making, Garfield rarely offers a train of thought that is not rounded off with a fascinating anecdote or neat piece of cartographic trivia. The fact that the book, which covers a lot of ground in over 400 pages, tends to wander unpredictably or gloss over certain important subjects, only adds to its appeal for the non-specialist. Regrettably, the visual presentation of maps - too many compressed, hard to decipher images — fails to match the standard of the text. Also, some of | Garfield's observations on contemporary achievements in map-making like GPS — ‘a loss to geography, history, navigation ... and the sense of being connected to the world around us’ — seem overly critical. On the whole, however, this is a fine introduction to the subject. c Simon Garfield clearly hes a gift for digging up intriguing facts and stories, and this wide-ranging history of map-making, from Ptolemy in Ancient Alexandria to the interactive, digital images of today, generously illustrated with well-chosen historical treasures, is entertaining in many respects. Its best chapters tend to be those built around controversies such as the debate over the authenticity of a map claimed to depict sea voyages to America by the Norse hundreds of years before Columbus, but, overall, it suffers from a lack of a clear focus. Ironically, for a book about maps, the reader all too easily gets lost in all the vivid detail and anecdotes. One is also distracted by some awkward phrasing and surprisingly imprecise language. On the whole, however, the book does the job as a lively guide for those who are interested in maps but do not necessarily know much about them. D All surveys are, by nature, selective, and it is hardly surprising that a book such as On The Map, which attempts to cover over 2,000 years of map-making in an aocessible way for readers who know little about the field, should skip or just sample certain subjects - for example, the methods and tools map-mekers have used through history are barely touched on. Harder to accept or rationalise is the apparent lack of a guiding principle, besides that of cramming in as many fascinating facts as possible, and making it all fun. Garfield has a talent for communicating a telling detail or a curious turn of events, and he is particularly strong on certain periods of history, including the modern era. His chapter on such achievements as setellite navigation systems and mapping structures in computer games shows an admirably open-minded curiosity. 58 cambricige Enatish Test'3>> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Parr 6takes 6 tips Remember that you need to decide whether four differant writers have similar or differant views on the ‘same subject. ‘aad the ttle and the texts quik to familiarise yourself ‘with the subject. Highlight the kay words in the questions. Go through each text carefully in turn, highlighting the sections relating to each question. Write the question ‘pumbers next to parts you highlight. Remember that the ‘ideas in the question may be expressed differantiy in the ‘texts, for exemple by using synanyms or changing the: ‘ay 4 concept is expressed grammatically, e.g. education could be expressed as ‘the way people lear. Flemember that a question will ask you to identify @ “writer's view on a subject anc! compare it with other ‘people's views. The question tells you what the subject is, ‘but not what any of the writers’ views are. For example, ‘you are asked who shares writer A’s view on the “significance of something’, you are not told whether A thinks itis significant or not ~that is for you to work out Which reviewer shares C’s opinion about the way the book is organised? has a different opinion from the others about the quality of writing in the book? ilar view to A regarding the reproduction ‘of maps in the book? shares D's view on the way the book's author deals with recent developments in map-making? AAAS ‘Question 37: The key words here ate the way the Book is ‘organised. You are asked who shares C's opinion about this. CC says that ‘overall. it sutfers from a lack of a lear focus. onically, fora book about maps, the reader all too easily ‘gets lost in all the vivid detail and anecdotes. So, C thinks ‘the ‘lack of clear focus’ is a problem with the way the book is organised. B’s view of the book is that The fact that the book, which covers a lot of ground in aver £00 pages, tends to wander unpredictably .. only adds to its appeal for the ‘non-specialist’ Tends to wander unpredictably’ tells us thet {B also thinks the book lacks a ‘clear focus’ but B regards ‘his as positive ~it ‘only adds to Its appeal forthe non _specialst'So, 8 does not fully share C’s opinion. Now look “at what A and D say. Wich one, ike C; has aertcal view of the book's organisation? ‘Question 38: The key words hero are the quality of wrnns ‘book, and you are asked to identify which reviewer has a different opinion fram the other three about t= ‘A says the books is’sll delivered withthe expensive liveliness of an expert storytellers’ So, A - ‘is very good. 8 refers to ‘thie eminentiy ‘of map-making/ So, B thinks the writin is« ‘too, Now we know that elther C or D must ‘opinion about the quality of the wering: Cambridge English: Advanced Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading andUseofEngisn >> Parté 59}oe ee eee PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening need to use. PAPER 4 Speaking Have you got what it takes to be a top athlete? Journalist Kate Carter tries out some advanced tests for sports people at Loughborough University’s Sports Science Institute Not so long ago, identifying a potential sports star was a matter of seeing how well they could sprint around a track, or kick a football. Now, sports scientists use advanced tests to determine fitness, agility, body composition, reaction times and much more. But how does an average recreational athlete compare? A recent convert to running, I'm at the Sports Science Institute lab at Loughborough University, which gathers statistics on athletes from a range of sports, to find out my potential. Dr James Carter, head of the institute, starts by getting my standard physical measurements. S| 1am made to sit in a device called a BodPod, and given a scan to examine bone density and create a picture of my internal body fat. After that, it's on to the treadmill for the VO2 max test, which measures. iness. This consists of running at increasing speed on ‘an ever steeper incline while puffing into a large mask, a disconcerting experience as it reduces your vision to virtually nothing. 4a J ‘An average woman has a VO2 max of around 35 mlkg/ min, while an elite athlete might be as high as 70 ml/ kgimin (for men the range is around 40-85). Mine is 54, which is respectable for a recreational runner. | also turn out to be a carb bumer rather than a fat burner, which I'm taking as licence to eat more. Next up are a couple of cognitive tests to assess my reactions. a J 60 Engush: aavani You are going to read 8 newspaper article about fitness tests for athletes. Six paragraphs have been remaved from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G. the one which fits each gap (41-46). There is one extra paragraph which you do not Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. | don't do so well at the whole-body agility test - 2 frame with 12 lights at varying heights you have to leap or duck to extinguish ~ but Or Carter reassures me that this matters less for endurance than for other sports, [44] You just pedal on a stationary bike, then accelerate madly for ten seconds, before trying to sustain that power for 30 seconds. Just? Add in increasing resistance and it feels as if you are cycling through treacle on a bike with two flat tyres into a headwind, And it hurts. EL ] As | start to recover from this final challenge, it occurs to me that it's easy to imagine a future in which babies are screened at birth to join a super breed - or at least an elite training programme. Dr Carter mentions the film Rocky IV which has something similar in it. He is joking — but in truth, it's not so implausible. 46 There are, of course, things the tests can’t show yet: the psychology of the athlete, tactics, nutrition. But the scientific data that can be recorded is very useful, and not just for professional athletes. | personally have learned a huge amount about what | could feasibly achieve in my next race, as well as specific steps to move up to my goal of a full marathon. And next time | come back, 'm determined to conquer thet bike, ed Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Part 7A. The first of these uses a large board full of bulbs, which light up in a random sequence, You hit them to turn them off, while simultaneously shouting out the numbers that appear on a small screen, | do better than the average, which | put down to being used to dealing with two small children. B For all the cutting edge equipment and carefully designed assessments, what Dr Carter is unable to evaluate, as he readily admits, are such crucial factors as ‘pain tolerance, doing the training day in, day out and self-beliet.’ © Looking at someone's genome to determine whether they're suited to team sports or individual endurance may be ‘accessible in the next decade,’ Dr Carter says. ‘Say we've got a group of 15-year-olds who are genetically suited to certain sports, are we going to put them through special regimes for the next decade? That’s where some of the research is going.’ D After measuring my handgrip strength (I'm delighted to be ‘average’, given my arms are ke spaghetti), it’s time for the final hurdle: the Wingate test. Or as | shall always think of it, the longest half minute of my life. It sounds relatively easy. Bssenticl tips Read through the main pert of the text so that you know ‘what itis generally about and how itis organised, > Then look through the gapped paragraphs to see what “the topic of each one > Look for links between the main text and the gapped paragraphs. A gapoed paragraph can have ‘inks with the previous paragraph, the following one, or both. > Don't spend too long deciding which paragraph fits one ‘of the gaps. If you have difficulty, moves on to the next ‘Gap, You may be abla to identify the solution for the [problem gap by a process of elimination. Remember to check that the completed text makes sense bby reading through it one final time, E Disappointingly, it turns out I've been kidding myself about my height for years. Weight, though, is less important than body composition ‘and it's the latter that the first of a series of hi-tech tests will assess. F So much so that hours later I can still feel the lactic acid, brought on by the extreme pedalling, burning in my legs. ‘Sprinters, cyclists - this is their test,’ explains Dr Carter. Top athletes ‘need to be performing well on this or there's something wrong." G While | am doing this, Dr Carter records my data. One of the key indicators, he explains, is ‘the respiratory exchange ratio, which is the combination or the ratio of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced. When that ratio goes over ane, that's when we know to increase the gradient’ ‘Question 41: Look atthe last sentonee in the frst ‘paragraph of the main text, What are ‘standard physical ‘measurements’ likly to be? ‘Question 42: In the last sentence of the second paragraph. the journalist desoribes running on a treadmill ‘st increasing speed on an ever steeper inline’. An incline is a slope. ‘Wich depo paragraph cosine a phrase whi Basa iar meaning to ‘ever steeper incline’? You may need to took at more than just the fet sentence of exch gapped paragraph, (Question 43: The last sentence af the paraaraph before gap 43 tells us thatthe next tests she is going fo take will essess her ‘reactions’. Which gapped paragraph describes a test of reactions, rather than strength or stamins? Cambricige English: Advanced Test 3>> PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English >> Part7 61PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening Essential tips Read the instructions and the title, IF there is an introductory ‘comment under the title, read this because it will give you an idea about the subject of the article > Ihyou want te get faster at this task, ty reading the questions {rst As you read them, highlight the Key words tnat indicate what to look for in the text > Then read the fest action of the text. Each section is likely to have atleast one and ‘no more than four related ‘questions. > When you identify a sentence ‘oF phrase that you think answers ane of the questions, bhighlight it and write the ‘question number at the side Of the text. This may save you time toter if you find part of ‘another section that you think may also answer the same ‘question. > Remember that similar points may be made in two or three sections, but there is ‘only one correct answer. So. ‘when you match a question with a section, make sure it ‘says precisely what isin that ‘section. ‘uostion 47: First, find the sectioné that refer to the ‘current ‘economic climate’. Then, Identify which of these refer to ‘innovative approaches’. ‘Question 48: What is time away ‘from business’ likely to involve? Who isi likely tobe spent with? ‘Which of tha sections referring to ‘time away from work’ includes 8 point about ‘decision-making’? smember that while the idea ‘may be the eame in the question ‘and text, the words used in each ‘are likely to be different, You are going to read four people's thoughts about running your own record label. For questions 47-56, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen ‘more than once. ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which person fools innovative approaches make sense in the current economic climate? thinks time away from business is required to ensure good decision-making? believes that making and selling music involves less risk than it used to? values working with people who have different skills? believes record labels should take on traditionally unfamiliar functions? welcomes the variety of work that running a record label entails? believes in delegating certain aspects of business to outside organisations? thinks the future of the music industry is uncertain? ‘emphasises the importance of understanding consumers? rejects the idea of producing music with commercial success as the main objective? Question 51: Take on here means ‘start to do’, and functions here are ‘business activities’, Which section refers to business activities which ‘may nat ‘traditionally’ have been carried out by record labels? 162 Cambrisige Enallst: Advanced Test $ >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English +> Part &What does it take to run a record label? The internet and other developments in technology have had a major impact on the music industry. What are the implications for those wanting to run their own record label? Four people who have set up small, independent record labels share their insights. ‘A Ben Wolf Fundamentally, 'm a music enthusiast, | started off as a DJ in dance clubs, and setting up a record label seemed like the logical next step. There are always unknown factors, but in my experience, the key to success in this business is putting yourself in the position of the other person involved and anticipating their needs or ‘what makes them tick. Why does a DJ want to play a certain record? Who would sell or buy a record? With digital technology, establishing an inclependent label has becorne more manageable. The industry has a tendency to bemoan the fact that sales and income are massively down, but what is equally true is that the costs of producing, manufacturing and promoting music have been reduced, so if you're sensible, there's less to lose these days. Two other crucial points: you need to be a team player because no single person could handle everything, and while you need a balance between your professional and your family life, you need to be ready to dedicate yourself to the job 100% when necessary. Henry Stone I'm co-founder of an independent record label. We've discovered some great musical artists, a few of whom have become very popular and have more than paid back what we invested in them, but we don't play the game of predicting which artists will fly or flop in the market. Our focus is ‘on working with creative, inspiring songwriters or musicians, and how to further their message, The mutually supportive relationship | have with my co-founder, Mark, is fundamental to what we've achieved; neither of us could have survived on our own. We've been going for some years but it still doesn't feel like a job. No two days are the same, whether we're promoting an event, filming a documentary, releasing a record, or checking out @ band in the studio. You have to be careful with burn-out, though. I'm often up at 7.00 a.m. and still emailing beyond midnight, but | ensure that when I'm with family and friends, work is blocked out entirely. Without perspective and space, your judgement can go to pieces. cambeage 6 © Kerry Murphy Hf Lwas 21 years old, just out of college, and with the understanding of the music industry thet | have now, I'm not sure I'd set up a record label | can think of less time-consuming and more straightforward and lucrative businesses to get into, and it's not going to get any easier. But, if you feel compelled to do it ~ some of us do - then | ‘would consider a partnership with somebody who has strengths in areas where you are weak, and vice-versa. That's worked for me. Also, | wouldn't get too enamoured with the things that others already do well, We're associated with distributors around the world that are just great at what they do, and we've learned not to interfere. We have even given up having an inhouse seles team; outsourcing works fine. Our primary concern now is with the music; making sure our artists are on time, look great and are well funded. D Riz Amal | think now is a great time to start a label if that’s your thing. With everything changing so rapidly, no one really knows what the landscape will be in two years’ time, let alone 20. The old-school record label model has been dying out for years, and with sales and income falling, as they have been virtually everywhere, the smart thing to do is to try to break the mould. Being a pioneer always brings with it the danger of failure, and its likely to require all-consuming commitment in terms of time and energy, but there may be no alternative The lines between what an independent record label does and what the manager of a musician ‘or band does will continue to blur. Labels will need to get involved in artists’ tours, in their merchandising and even publishing ~ ectivities they have tended to stay away from. As long as the numbers balance, and the budgets and forecasts are realistic, then there's no reason why a new independent label can't work. ih. Advanced Test 3 >> PAPER Reading and Use of English >> Pars 63PAPER 4 Read! use ae) Part 4 Question 1 > Remember the steucture of a ‘for and against’ essay, anc take a few minutes to plen Your points and examples ‘before you begin writing. > The examines wants to 296 that you cen clesrly present and support an argument. Try 0 consider arguments both for and against tho proposal yout perso experince into ‘the essay unless i's descy relevant ana wil usotully Support 9 spesifc point. snot ono ies 0 bring > Because of the word limit, You need to make sure that ‘your points are cancise. ‘Devaiog the habit of ‘reducing long sentences so. ‘hat they only include the key information. However, fonsure that your sentences don’t become too short; ‘they seem to be short, try to combine a couple. Try hot to repeat yourself or use | unnecessary words. > When you reread your essay. chook that ithas a logical flow of daas, Make sure itis not vague. Remember, the "eader io unable 10 ask for Glan fication on any paints, 20 ‘ensure that you have been You must answer this question. Write your answer in 220-260 wards in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. 1. Your class was in the audience of a panel discussion for a current affaits television programme, discussing a govarament propasal to make physical education and sport compulsory for five hours per week in all UK sacondary schools, and for all year groups. You have made the notes below. ind sports in scho: hour weekly minimum * Sport and PE give students the opportunity to develop important skills outside the classroom, such as commitment and teamwork. * Physical activity promotes overall well-being, and choices such as walking or cycling are also better for the environment. * The number of overweight and obese young people has become alarming. Various audience members expressed these opinions during the discussion: “This may be OK for primary school, but students in sacondary should be allowed to choose.” “Unfair; not everyone likes sport.” “How can we fit this Into the school week? Will academic work suffer as a result?” Write an essay for your tutor discussing two of the points in your notes. You should explain how you think the government should proceed and provide reasons to support your opinions. ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Test3>> PAPER 2 writing >» Part 1BER 3 listening PER 4 Speaking tial tips ‘What kind of letter do you seed to produce here? What register should you use? In eters of complaint itis “sezeptable to use strong ‘words to convey your You have some scope in this task ‘What register should you use? type. The input text does not give a great deal of information about > While ¢ review is essentially 2» the music festival, which means opinion piace, and your opinion that you are free to invent your needs to be stated, don't lose ‘own details ‘sight of providing facts and clear ‘examples with each point. > Decide how you want to approach the task, Will you indicate that the __->-_Note the final part of the event wes mainly # big svecess oF instruction. De you hawe = ‘a complote failure, or somewhere suggestion for the next music in between? festival? Cambridge English: Advanced Test $>> PAPER2 Writing >> Part2 65)