Discipline: Engineering (Track & Civil) Category: Standard

Level Crossings – Design and

Installation
ETD-16-02

Applicability
New South Wales 9 CRIA (NSW CRN)

Primary Source
ARTC NSW Standard XDS 02

Document Status

Version Date Reviewed Prepared by Reviewed by Endorsed Approved

1.2 29 Nov 11 Standards Track Standards Manager Executive General

Engineer Standards Manager Technical
Services
30/11/2011

Amendment Record

Version Date Reviewed Clause Description of Amendment

1.0 01 Dec 09 Implementation draft. Supersedes NSW Standard XDS 02 v1.2

1.1 18 Jun 10 Banner added regarding mandatory requirements in other documents

and alternative interpretations.

1.2 29 Nov 11 2, 3 Minor editorial amendments to replace incorrect references to ETD-

16-01 with ETD-16-04.

© Australian Rail Track Corporation Limited 2011

Disclaimer:
This document has been prepared by ARTC for internal use and may not be relied on by any other party without ARTC’s prior written consent. Use
of this document shall be subject to the terms of the relevant contract with ARTC.
ARTC and its employees shall have no liability to unauthorised users of the information for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by
reason of an unauthorised user using or relying upon the information in this document, whether caused by error, negligence, omission or
misrepresentation in this document.
This document is uncontrolled when printed.
Authorised users of this document should visit ARTC’s intranet or extranet (www.artc.com.au) to access the latest version of this document.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Contents

Contents
1 General Description ................................................................................ 4

2 Definitions and Abbreviations ................................................................. 4

3 References.............................................................................................. 5

4 Design Requirements.............................................................................. 6
4.1 General ........................................................................................... 6
4.2 Location .......................................................................................... 6
4.3 Signage ........................................................................................... 6
4.3.1 General.................................................................................. 6
4.3.2 Sign location........................................................................... 6
4.3.3 Sign size ................................................................................ 6
4.3.4 Sign illumination ..................................................................... 7
4.3.5 Sign manufacture .................................................................... 7
4.4 Minimum Sight Distances (Passive Control)........................................... 7
4.5 Body of Level Crossing....................................................................... 7
4.5.1 General.................................................................................. 7
4.5.2 Flangeway clearance................................................................ 7
4.5.3 Surface.................................................................................. 8
4.6 Road Configuration............................................................................ 8
4.6.1 Public Level Crossing ............................................................... 8
4.6.2 Private and Service Level Crossings ........................................... 9
4.7 Fencing and Cattle Stops.................................................................... 9
4.7.1 Public Level Crossings .............................................................. 9
4.7.2 Private Level Crossings ............................................................ 9
4.8 Barriers ........................................................................................... 9
4.8.1 Service Level Crossings ............................................................ 9

5 Sight Distance Assessment ................................................................... 10

5.1 General ......................................................................................... 10
5.2 Public Level Crossings...................................................................... 10
5.2.1 Establish road traffic characteristics ......................................... 10
5.2.2 Establish rail traffic characteristics ........................................... 10
5.2.3 Determine sight distances available ......................................... 10
5.2.4 Assess adequacy of sight distances for position or stop sign ........ 10
5.2.5 Non-Compliant Level Crossings ............................................... 11
5.3 Private and Service Level Crossings ................................................... 11
5.4 Safety Risk Assessment ................................................................... 11

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 2 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Contents

5.5 Moderating Strategies...................................................................... 12

5.6 Management of Non-Compliant Level Crossings ................................... 12

6 Design Documentation Requirements ................................................... 13

7 Installation Requirements .................................................................... 13

8 Appendix 1 — Safe Stopping Distance Table for Position Signs ............. 14

9 Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Public Level

Crossings .............................................................................................. 15
9.1 2A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at Public Level
Crossings....................................................................................... 15
9.2 2A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at Public Level
Crossings (continued) ...................................................................... 16
9.3 2B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs at Public
Level Crossings............................................................................... 17
9.4 2B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs at Public
Level Crossings (continued).............................................................. 18

10 Appendix 3 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Public Level

Crossings .............................................................................................. 19
10.1 3A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Public Level
Crossings....................................................................................... 19
10.2 3B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Public Level
Crossings....................................................................................... 19

11 Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Private &

Service Level Crossings ........................................................................ 20
11.1 4A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings.................................................................... 20
11.2 4A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings (continued)................................................... 21
11.3 4B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings.................................................................... 22
11.4 4B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings (continued)................................................... 23

12 Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Private & Service
Level Crossings..................................................................................... 24
12.1 5A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Private & Service
Level Crossings............................................................................... 24
12.2 5A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Private & Service
Level Crossings (continued).............................................................. 25
12.3 5B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings.................................................................... 26
12.4 5B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Private &
Service Level Crossings (continued)................................................... 27

13 Appendix 6 – Sight Distance Assessment Flowchart ............................. 28

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 3 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
General Description

Mandatory requirements also exist in other documents.

Where alternative interpretations occur, the Manager Standards shall be informed so the
ambiguity can be removed. Pending removal of the ambiguity the interpretation with the safest
outcome shall be adopted.

1 General Description
This standard specifies the design and installation requirements and the sight distance
assessment methodology for Level Crossings on railway lines owned by the Australian Rail Track
Corporation.
It provides guidelines for determining the most appropriate level of protection to be given to
Level Crossings relative to the degree of safety risk involved, based on sight distances, train
speeds, train frequencies and usage.

2 Definitions and Abbreviations

The following defined terms are used throughout this standard:

Level Crossing: See ETD-16-04

Additional Level Crossing: A Level Crossing other than a Relocated Level Crossing installed
on ARTC’s rail network where none previously existed
A Level Crossing on a railway line acquired by ARTC, either from
a construction authority or another railway owner

Relocated Level Crossing: A Level Crossing installed to replace an existing Level Crossing,
which is then removed

Significantly Changed Level Crossing: An existing Level Crossing where the functional specification is
modified by:
usage changes (traffic type, traffic direction, volume of traffic,
speed of traffic, ownership of the property served) configuration
changes (road width, number of rail tracks, road or rail
alignment); and change to the level of protection

Public Level Crossing: See ETD-16-04

Private Level Crossing: See ETD-16-04

Service Level Crossing: See ETD-16-04

Non-Compliant Level Crossing: A passively-controlled Level Crossing that does not comply with
Base Condition Sight Distances

Standard Sight Distances: Sight distances that comply with the 1994 RTA Guidelines

Base Condition Sight Distances: Sight distances that comply with the 1987 DMR Guidelines as
modified by this standard

Rail Creep: The longitudinal movement of a running rail other than

attributed to rail expansion or contraction

Fixed Point: Infrastructure configuration where Rail Creep is not normally

possible.

Road Authority: See ETD-16-04

See relevant ARTC standards for definitions of other terms.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 4 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
References

3 References
The principal references used in this standard are:
• AS 1100.401 Technical drawing — Engineering survey and engineering survey design
drawing
• AS 1742. 7 Manual of uniform traffic control devices, Part 7: Railway crossings
• AS 1743 Road signs — Specification
• Traffic Engineering Manual, Section 6: Railway Level Crossings, NSW Roads and Traffic
Authority, draft (1994)
• Guidelines for railway level crossing protection devices in New South Wales — Department
of Main Roads NSW, 1987
• ETD-16-04, Level Crossings — Configuration Standards
• ETD-00-03, Survey Definition of Alignment and Kilometrage
• ETD-00-01, Drawing Standard for Plans Showing Horizontal Alignment
• ETD-16-03, Pedestrian Level Crossings - Design and Installation

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 5 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Design Requirements

4 Design Requirements

4.1 General
Level Crossings represent significant safety risk to passengers, train crews, pedestrians and
road motor vehicle occupants.
Before undertaking the design and installation of a Level Crossing, all alternative means of
access must be considered and grade separation (and also closure in the case of existing Level
Crossings) must be vigorously investigated and sought.
The design of a Level Crossing is to be undertaken only after the safety risk and all other factors
have been fully assessed and resolved.
The design of Level Crossings is to be based on relevant Australian Standards and Codes of
Practice and performance requirements specified in this document.
The design of pedestrian level crossings - public, private and service – is to be based on the
requirements specified in ETD-16-03.

4.2 Location
All Level Crossings are to be located in accordance with AS1742.7 and the sight distance
requirements detailed at Section 5.4 of this standard.
All Level Crossings must be located clear of:
• the length of track occupied by trains standing at railway signals
• turnouts and insulated joints
• existing installations which restrict sight distance
All Level Crossing location decisions are to give due consideration to the Level Crossing’s effect
on the sight distance requirements of trains on other tracks, including sidings and crossing
loops.

4.3 Signage

4.3.1 General
AS 1742.7 defines the standard configurations for traffic control signage and pavement marking
at railway Level Crossings.
The RTA Traffic Engineering Manual defines requirements for Level Crossings on public roads in
NSW.
The Australian Rail Track Corporation has adopted the requirements of AS 1742.7 and the RTA
Traffic Engineering Manual and applied them to Private and Service Level Crossings as well as
Public Level Crossings.
The minimum requirement for passive control of Public and Private Level Crossings is a “Give
Way” sign.
At Service Level Crossings a “Stop” sign plus an “Authorised Vehicles Only” sign is to be
installed.

4.3.2 Sign location

Sign location, height and orientation are to be in accordance with AS 1742.7.

4.3.3 Sign size

Sign size is to be in accordance with AS 1742.7.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 6 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Design Requirements

4.3.4 Sign illumination

Signs are to be illuminated or reflectorised in accordance with AS 1742.7.

4.3.5 Sign manufacture

Signs are to be manufactured in accordance with AS 1743.

4.4 Minimum Sight Distances (Passive Control)

The methodology adopted by ARTC for determining the minimum sight distance requirements of
a Level Crossing (Public, Private or Service) is that used by road authorities for Public Level
Crossings. ARTC has extended its use to cover Private and Service Level Crossings.
The traffic mix on public roads always includes a substantial percentage of trucks. The sight
distance requirements for trucks are more stringent than those for cars, consequently trucks set
the minimum acceptable sight distance requirements for Public Level Crossings.
This standard categorises sight distances for passive control as either Standard or Base Condition.
Additional, Relocated and Significantly Changed Level Crossings are to comply with the
Standard Sight Distance requirements.
Existing Level Crossings that do not comply with the Standard Sight Distance requirements are to
be upgraded to comply with the Standard Sight Distance requirements.
ARTC recognises that it will take considerable time and funding to upgrade the many existing
Level Crossings that do not comply with the Standard Sight Distance requirements. In the
interim, compliance with the Base Condition Sight Distance requirements is acceptable for
existing Level Crossings waiting upgrading.
Minimum sight distance tables for Public Level Crossings are in Appendices 2 and 3 of this
standard. Cars are not included in the sight distance tables for Public Level Crossings.
Minimum sight distance tables for Private and Service Level Crossings are in Appendices 4 and 5
of this standard.

4.5 Body of Level Crossing

4.5.1 General
Level Crossings are to be designed as track Fixed Points.
Designs are to include:
• suitable rail anchoring arrangements
• insulated joints where required
• provision of a suitable wheel flangeway
• track drainage
• provision for road surface water to flow away from the crossing

4.5.2 Flangeway clearance

Level Crossings are to have minimum flangeway clearance of 60mm.
Where guard rails are installed, the length of the guard rails is to be the design width of the
road plus the design width of the two road shoulders, plus 600mm for each tapered end (run-in)
of the guard rail.
The top of the guard rail is to be level with the top of the running rail.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 7 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Design Requirements

4.5.3 Surface
Level Crossing surface type is to be selected using a systems engineering approach taking into
account:
• road vehicle type, volume, speed and weight
• use of road by cyclists
• presence of impact initiators such as vertical dips in the road
• angle of attack of road vehicles
• road surface grip under all conditions
• surface and sub-surface drainage
• compatibility with the adjacent road surface
• durability
• resistance to UV and chemical attack
• rail traffic volume, speed and axle load
• track configuration
• road configuration
• electrical resistance
• stray currents
• track maintainability requirements including ease of removal for track maintenance
• effect of Level Crossing components on track component wear and corrosion
• life cycle cost
The road surface is to be no higher than the rail level by design or during the service life of the
Level Crossing.

4.6 Road Configuration

4.6.1 Public Level Crossing

The design width of a Public Level Crossing is to suit the application and will depend on the
number of rail tracks to be crossed.
The design length of a Public Level Crossing is to be the design width of the road plus the design
width of the two shoulders.
The design width of the road plus the design width of the two shoulders is to suit the
requirements of the Road Authority. It should be able to accommodate the largest vehicle
authorised to use the crossing.
The approach road is to be designed so as to not compromise the ability of vehicles to safely
enter and exit the Level Crossing at the design speed.
Vertical curves and changes of grade on the approach road and through the Level Crossing are
to comply with the Road Authority’s road design standards to the extent possible.
Where the configuration of the approach road or the body of the Level Crossing does not permit
a smooth transition of the road gradient through the Level Crossing in compliance with the Road
Authority’s standards, the maximum allowable speed of the road traffic approaching and passing
through the Level Crossing is to be reduced accordingly.
The surface of the approach road, including the shoulder area is to be sealed for at least 7m on
each side of the rail track(s).
Where an existing Public Level Crossing is shorter than the approach road design width, the
taper of the road is to be to standards established by the local Road Authority.
Pavement markings are to be in accordance with AS 1742.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 8 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Design Requirements

4.6.2 Private and Service Level Crossings

The design length of a Private or Service Level Crossing is to suit the reasonable requirements
of the user. It should be able to accommodate the largest vehicle using the crossing.
The approach road is to be designed so as to not compromise the ability of vehicles to safely
enter and exit the Level Crossing at the design speed.
Where Protection level 1A is proposed (i.e. Position Signs) the design maximum speed is 60km/h.
The minimum standard is a formed gravel road extending from the track either 7m or to the rail
corridor boundary, whichever distance is the shortest.

4.7 Fencing and Cattle Stops

4.7.1 Public Level Crossings

At Public Level Crossings, railway level crossing width marker assemblies (RX–9) are to be used.
When an existing Level Crossing is to be refurbished any existing wing fences are to be replaced
with RX-9 assemblies.
Where wing fences are used at existing Level Crossings, the fence height is to be reduced to
ensure that a road vehicle driver’s line of sight is not restricted by the panels.
The risk of stock entering the rail corridor at open Level Crossings on fenced lines is to be
assessed. Where risk assessment determines that they are necessary, cattle stops are to be
provided.
All fencing at existing Level Crossings is to be assessed to determine its potential for reducing
safety and increasing damage in the event of an incident. Where risk assessment determines
that it is necessary, the fencing configuration and/or materials are to be changed.

4.7.2 Private Level Crossings

At new Private Level Crossings, gates or cattle grids are to be placed in the boundary fence.
Gates are to be kept closed and locked except when opened for road vehicle passage.
For existing Private Level Crossings, the provisions of 5.8.1 apply.

4.8 Barriers

4.8.1 Service Level Crossings

Service Level Crossings are to undergo risk assessment to determine whether barriers need to
be installed to obstruct the use of the crossing when required protection is not available (e.g.
where a crossing is used during working hours under the control of worksite protection
personnel).
Such barriers are to be installed at Service Level Crossings where risk assessment determines
that they are necessary.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 9 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Sight Distance Assessment

5 Sight Distance Assessment

5.1 General
The methodology described below for assessing the sight distances at a Level Crossing (Public,
Private or Service) is applicable to:
• installation of Additional, Relocated and Significantly Changed Level Crossings;
• whenever there is any change at a Level Crossing that requires the sight distances to be
reassessed; and
• on-going assessment of the existing configuration of a Level Crossing.

5.2 Public Level Crossings

5.2.1 Establish road traffic characteristics

Establish the road traffic mix that will use the Level Crossing.
The minimum required sight distances should be based on the road traffic that will normally use
the level crossing. It is not intended that they be based on the rare occurrence of a heavier or
longer road vehicle.
As a guide, vehicle types that comprise less than 5% of the vehicles using the Level Crossing
should not usually be included.
Ascertain the road vehicle approach speed.

5.2.2 Establish rail traffic characteristics

Use the highest speed board speed.
In circumstances where all trains cannot achieve the normal speed board speed, it may be
reasonable to use the highest reduced speed.

5.2.3 Determine sight distances available

Use the method described in the RTA Traffic Engineering Manual to determine the sight
distances available.

5.2.4 Assess adequacy of sight distances for position or stop sign

Assess the adequacy of the available sight distances for position or stop signs using the
methodology detailed in the RTA Traffic Engineering Manual and the tables in Appendices 2 and
3 of this standard.

Note: The tables in Appendices 2 and 3 are applicable for Single Track ONLY. Additional
sighting distances will apply for Level Crossings over multiple tracks.

A flow chart is provided at Appendix 6 to guide users in the process.

5.2.4.1 Additional, Relocated and Significantly Changed Level Crossings:

If sufficient sight distance is not available to meet the minimum Standard Sight Distance for
stop signs, active control is required at the Level Crossing.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 10 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Sight Distance Assessment

5.2.4.2 Existing Level Crossings where Base Condition Sight Distances

apply
If sufficient sight distance is not available to meet the minimum Base Condition Sight Distance
for stop signs, the Level Crossing is to be categorised as a Non-Compliant Level Crossing and
managed accordingly.

5.2.5 Non-Compliant Level Crossings

Non-Compliant Level Crossings are to be:
• protected by a stop sign; and
• assessed for safety risk
Appropriate risk reduction strategies are to be implemented.

5.3 Private and Service Level Crossings

The assessment for Public Level Crossings is based on level sealed surfaces, but most Private
and Service Level Crossings have other road surface configurations.
Assess the adequacy of the available sight distances for position or stop signs using the
methodology for Public Level Crossings described in Section 6.2 and the tables for different
vehicle and road surface types in Appendices 4 and 5 of this standard. At locations where large
agricultural machinery regularly use the Level Crossings, the sighting distances for B-Doubles
will apply (this is based on the assumption that the clearance time is similar).
The sight distances for position signs in Appendix 4 are based on the formula from the RTA
Traffic Engineering Manual and assume a reduction in deceleration on a formed gravel road
surface of 40%.
If the sight distances for position signs are satisfied but the road profile is humped,
consideration should be given to installing stop signs or signage alerting road vehicle drivers to
the existence of the hump.

Note: The tables in Appendices 4 and 5 are applicable for Single Track ONLY. Additional
sighting distances will apply for Level Crossings over multiple tracks.

The sight distances for stop signs in Appendix 5 are based on the formula from the RTA Traffic
Engineering Manual and assume a reduction in clearance speed on different road surfaces as
follows:

Road profile Level Humped

Road surface Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

% Reduction in 0 10 20 30 55 60 65
clearance speed

5.4 Safety Risk Assessment

The safety risk assessments for each Level Crossing should consider at least the following
issues:
• Accident/Incident history
• Train type, frequency and speeds. This is particularly relevant to routes where high-speed
passenger trains operate, because of the increased risk to passengers and train drivers in a
high-speed collision
• Road traffic level and mix. A lower volume of traffic presents a reduced risk. The mix of
traffic is important in assessing the type of vehicle to be nominated for sight distance
calculations. If longer/heavier vehicles rarely or only occasionally use a crossing, reduction
in sight distance requirements may be justified
• Road grade and condition

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 11 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Sight Distance Assessment

5.5 Moderating Strategies

The following strategies are examples of possible approaches to reducing safety risks at level
crossings caused by insufficient sight distances:
• Consult with Road Authority to reach agreement on treatment of crossing
• Grade separation
• Road Safety Awareness Campaign
• Installation of additional signage (e.g. limited visibility, cross quickly, slow vehicles
prohibited, Emergency Use only)
• Establishing Load limits similar to road overbridges, but targeting longer, slower vehicles
for prohibition
• Clearance markers closer to track
• Agreement with landholders on usage
• Information to landholders
• Relocation to improve sight distances
• Closure of the Level Crossing
• Speed restriction
• Improvements to sight distances (e.g. removal of obstructions)
• Inclusion in the Level Crossing Protection Upgrade Program
• Use of mirrors (not recommended)

5.6 Management of Non-Compliant Level Crossings

A Register of Level Crossings is to be maintained that:
• lists the sight distance standard each crossing is to comply with;
• records the sight distances available at each crossing; and
• includes details of sight distance assessment, date of assessment, details of safety risk
assessment and moderating strategies adopted for non-compliant crossings
Non Compliant Level Crossings are managed as other elements of the rail infrastructure (e.g. non
standard track clearances) are managed.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 12 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Design Documentation Requirements

6 Design Documentation Requirements

Design documentation shall comply with.
AS 1100.401 Technical drawing — Engineering survey and engineering survey design drawing
ETD-00-03, Survey Definition of Alignment and Kilometrage
ETD-00-01, Drawing Standard for Plans Showing Horizontal Alignment
Drawings are to include details of:
• site survey and plan
• track and road alignments and levels
• sight distances
• signage specifications
• Level Crossing track and flangeway configuration
• drainage requirements
• locations of insulated joints (where signalling is affected)
• fencing and cattle stops
• barriers

7 Installation Requirements
Standard of finish requirements for new construction and upgrading of level crossings are
retailed in the ARTC T&C CoP.
Signage and other associated equipment are to be installed as detailed in the design.
The sight distances specified in the design must be checked at the site.
Level Crossings are to be installed as Fixed Points.

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 13 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 1 — Safe Stopping Distance Table for Position Signs

8 Appendix 1 — Safe Stopping Distance Table for

Position Signs
Sight Distance S1 (m)

Vehicle Speed Car Truck Semi B-Double Road Train

km/h

20 22 28 28 29 29

40 45 65 65 67 69
60 77 116 116 120 124

80 120 184 184 191 198

100 175 275 275 286 -

120 250 - - - -

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 14 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Public Level Crossings

9 Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position

Signs at Public Level Crossings

9.1 2A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at

Public Level Crossings

TRUCK Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 73 74 88 103 126
40 146 148 176 207 252

60 219 222 264 310 378

80 292 296 351 413 504

100 365 370 439 517 630

120 438 444 527 620 755

140 511 518 615 723 881

160 585 593 703 827 1007

180 658 667 791 930 1133

200 731 741 879 1033 1259

Table 2.A.1 — Public Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Trucks

SEMI Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 80 74 88 103 126

40 159 148 176 207 252

60 239 222 264 310 378

80 318 296 351 413 504

100 398 370 439 517 630

120 477 444 527 620 755

140 557 518 615 723 881

160 637 593 703 827 1007

180 716 667 791 930 1133

200 796 741 879 1033 1259

Table 2.A.2 — Public Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Semi-Trailers

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 15 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Public Level Crossings

9.2 2A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at

Public Level Crossings (continued)

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 86 76 90 107 131
40 171 152 181 213 261

60 257 228 271 320 392

80 342 304 362 427 522

100 428 380 452 534 653

120 513 456 543 640 784

140 599 532 633 747 914

160 685 608 723 854 1045

180 770 684 814 961 1175

200 856 760 904 1067 1306

Table 2.A.3 — Public Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for B-Doubles

ROAD TRAIN Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80
(km/h)

20 113 90 93 110
40 226 181 186 220

60 339 271 279 331

80 452 361 372 441

100 565 452 465 551

120 678 542 558 661

140 791 633 651 771

160 905 723 744 881

180 1018 813 837 992

200 1131 904 930 1102

Table 2.A.4 — Public Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Road Trains

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 16 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Public Level Crossings

9.3 2B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs

at Public Level Crossings

TRUCK Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 43 40 44 50 60
40 87 81 88 100 120

60 130 121 132 150 180

80 174 162 175 199 241

100 217 202 219 249 301

120 261 242 263 299 361

140 304 283 307 349 421

160 348 323 351 399 481

180 391 364 395 449 541

200 435 404 439 499 601

Table 2.B.1 — Public Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Trucks

SEMI Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 50 44 46 51 61
40 100 87 92 103 123

60 150 131 138 154 184

80 200 175 184 206 246

100 250 218 230 257 307

120 300 262 276 309 369

140 350 305 322 360 430

160 400 349 368 412 491

180 450 393 414 463 553

200 500 436 460 515 614

Table 2.B.2 — Public Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Semis

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 17 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 2 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Public Level Crossings

9.4 2B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs

at Public Level Crossings (continued)

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80 100

(km/h)

20 56 47 49 55 65
40 112 95 98 109 130

60 168 142 147 164 195

80 224 189 197 218 259

100 280 236 246 273 324

120 336 284 295 327 389

140 392 331 344 382 454

160 448 378 393 437 519

180 504 426 442 491 584

200 560 473 491 546 649

Table 2.B.3 — Public Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for B-Doubles

ROAD TRAIN Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60 80
(km/h)

20 83 62 59 63
40 167 123 119 126

60 250 185 178 189

80 334 247 238 252

100 417 308 297 315

120 501 370 357 378

140 584 432 416 441

160 668 494 475 504

180 751 555 535 567

200 835 617 594 630

Table 2.B.4 — Public Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Road Trains

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 18 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 3 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Public Level Crossings

10 Appendix 3 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop

Signs at Public Level Crossings

10.1 3A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at Public

Level Crossings

Sight Distance S3 (m)

Train Speed Truck Semi B-Double Road Train

km/h

20 79 98 103 146

40 159 196 207 292

60 238 293 310 438
80 318 391 413 584

100 397 489 517 731

120 477 587 620 877

140 556 684 723 1023
160 636 782 827 1169

180 715 880 930 1315

200 794 978 1033 1461

Table 3.A.1 — Public Level Crossings: Standard S3 values

10.2 3B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at

Public Level Crossings

Sight Distance S3 (m)

Train Speed Truck Semi B-Double Road Train

km/h

20 50 68 73 115

40 100 135 146 229

60 150 203 219 344

80 200 271 292 458

100 250 339 366 573
120 300 406 439 687

140 350 474 512 802

160 400 542 585 916

180 450 610 658 1031

200 500 677 731 1145

Table 3.B.1 — Public Level Crossings: Base Condition S3 values

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 19 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

11 Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position

Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

11.1 4A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings

CAR Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 63 59 69
40 125 117 138

60 188 176 208

80 251 235 277

100 314 293 346

120 376 352 415

140 439 410 485

160 502 469 554

180 564 528 623

200 627 586 692

Table 4.A.1 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Cars

TRUCK Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 77 87 106

40 153 174 213

60 230 261 319

80 307 348 425

100 383 435 532

120 460 522 638

140 537 609 744

160 613 696 851

180 690 783 957

200 767 870 1063

Table 4.A.2 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Trucks

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 20 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

11.2 4A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Position Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings (continued)

SEMI Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 83 87 106
40 166 174 213

60 250 261 319

80 333 348 425

100 416 435 532

120 499 522 638

140 582 609 744

160 665 696 851

180 749 783 957

200 832 870 1063

Table 4.A.3 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for Semi Trailers

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 89 90 110
40 179 179 220

60 268 269 330

80 357 358 440

100 447 448 550

120 536 537 660

140 626 627 770

160 715 716 880

180 804 806 989

200 894 895 1099

Table 4.A.4 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Standard S2 values for B Doubles

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 21 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

11.3 4B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs

at Private & Service Level Crossings

CAR Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 33 30 33
40 66 60 65

60 99 90 98

80 133 119 131

100 166 149 163

120 199 179 196

140 232 209 229

160 265 239 261

180 298 269 294

200 331 299 327

Table 4.B.1 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Cars

TRUCK Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 47 47 53
40 94 94 106

60 141 141 159

80 188 187 212

100 235 234 265

120 283 281 319

140 330 328 372

160 377 375 425

180 424 422 478

200 471 469 531

Table 4.B.2 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Trucks

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 22 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 4 — Sight Distance Tables for Position Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

11.4 4B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Position Signs

at Private & Service Level Crossings (continued)

SEMI Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 54 50 55
40 107 100 111

60 161 150 166

80 214 200 221

100 268 251 276

120 322 301 332

140 375 351 387

160 429 401 442

180 482 451 497

200 536 501 553

Table 4.B.3 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for Semi Trailers

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S2 (m)

Vehicle Speed (km/h)

Train Speed 20 40 60
(km/h)

20 60 54 59
40 120 108 118

60 179 162 177

80 239 217 236

100 299 271 294

120 359 325 353

140 419 379 412

160 478 433 471

180 538 487 530

200 598 541 589

Table 4.B.4 — Private & Service Level Crossings: Base Condition S2 values for B Doubles

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 23 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

12 Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop

Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

12.1 5A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings

Sight Distance S3 (m)

CAR
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 59 62 67 72 97 106 117
40 118 125 133 144 194 211 233

60 177 187 200 217 291 317 350

80 236 249 267 289 388 422 467

100 294 312 333 361 485 528 583

120 353 374 400 433 581 633 700

140 412 436 467 506 678 739 817

160 471 499 533 578 775 844 933

180 530 561 600 650 872 950 1050

200 589 623 667 722 969 1056 1167

Table 5.A.1 — Private Level Crossings: Standard S3 values for Cars

Sight Distance S3 (m)

TRUCK
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 79 85 92 102 143 157 175

40 159 170 185 203 285 314 351

60 238 256 277 305 428 471 526

80 318 341 369 406 570 628 702

100 397 426 462 508 713 785 877

120 477 511 554 610 856 942 1052

140 556 596 647 711 998 1099 1228

160 636 681 739 813 1141 1256 1403

180 715 767 831 914 1283 1413 1579

200 794 852 924 1016 1426 1569 1754

Table 5.A.2 — Private Level Crossings: Standard S3 values for Trucks

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 24 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

12.2 5A — Minimum Standard Sight Distances for Stop Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings (continued)

Sight Distance S3 (m)

SEMI
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 98 106 115 128 183 203 228

40 196 211 231 256 367 406 456

60 293 317 346 383 550 608 683

80 391 422 461 511 733 811 911

100 489 528 576 639 917 1014 1139

120 587 633 692 767 1100 1217 1367

140 684 739 807 894 1283 1419 1594

160 782 844 922 1022 1467 1622 1822

180 880 950 1038 1150 1650 1825 2050

200 978 1056 1153 1278 1833 2028 2278

Table 5.A.3 — Private Level Crossings: Standard S3 values for Semis

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S3 (m)

Level Humped

Train Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

Speed
(Km/hr)

20 103 112 122 136 196 217 244

40 207 223 244 271 391 433 487

60 310 335 367 407 587 650 731

80 413 447 489 543 783 867 975

100 517 559 611 679 978 1083 1218

120 620 670 733 814 1174 1300 1462

140 723 782 856 950 1370 1517 1706

160 827 894 978 1086 1565 1733 1949

180 930 1006 1100 1221 1761 1950 2193

200 1033 1117 1222 1357 1957 2167 2437

Table 5.A.4 — Private Level Crossings: Standard S3 values for B-Doubles

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 25 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

12.3 5B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings

Sight Distance S3 (m)

CAR
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 30 33 38 43 67 75 86
40 60 67 75 86 134 151 172

60 90 100 113 129 201 226 258

80 120 134 151 172 268 301 344

100 151 167 188 215 335 376 430

120 181 201 226 258 401 452 516

140 211 234 263 301 468 527 602

160 241 268 301 344 535 602 688

180 271 301 339 387 602 677 774

200 301 335 376 430 669 753 860

Table 5.B.1 — Private Level Crossings: Base Condition S3 values for Cars

Sight Distance S3 (m)

TRUCK
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 50 56 63 71 111 125 143

40 100 111 125 143 222 250 286

60 150 167 188 214 333 375 429

80 200 222 250 286 444 500 571

100 250 278 313 357 556 625 714

120 300 333 375 429 667 750 857

140 350 389 438 500 778 875 1000

160 400 444 500 571 889 1000 1143

180 450 500 563 643 1000 1125 1286

200 500 556 625 714 1111 1250 1429

Table 5.B.2 — Private Level Crossings: Base Condition S3 values for Trucks

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 26 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 5 — Sight Distance Tables for Stop Signs at Private & Service Level Crossings

12.4 5B — Minimum Base Condition Sight Distances for Stop Signs at

Private & Service Level Crossings (continued)

Sight Distance S3 (m)

SEMI
Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 68 75 85 97 151 169 194

40 135 151 169 194 301 339 387

60 203 226 254 290 452 508 581

80 271 301 339 387 602 677 774

100 339 376 423 484 753 847 968

120 406 452 508 581 903 1016 1161

140 474 527 593 677 1054 1185 1355

160 542 602 677 774 1204 1355 1548

180 610 677 762 871 1355 1524 1742

200 677 753 847 968 1505 1694 1935

Table 5.B.3 — Private Level Crossings: Base Condition S3 values for Semis

B-DOUBLE Sight Distance S3 (m)

Level Humped

Train Speed Sealed Formed Timber Ballast Formed Timber Ballast

(Km/hr)

20 73 81 91 104 162 183 209

40 146 162 183 209 325 366 418

60 219 244 274 313 487 548 627

80 292 325 366 418 650 731 836

100 366 406 457 522 812 914 1045

120 439 487 548 627 975 1097 1253

140 512 569 640 731 1137 1280 1462

160 585 650 731 836 1300 1462 1671

180 658 731 823 940 1462 1645 1880

200 731 812 914 1045 1625 1828 2089

Table 5.B.4 — Private Level Crossings: Base Condition S3 values for B-Doubles

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 27 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.
Engineering (Track & Civil) Standard
ETD-16-02 Level Crossings – Design and Installation
Appendix 6 – Sight Distance Assessment Flowchart

13 Appendix 6 – Sight Distance Assessment

Flowchart

Version 1.2 Date of last revision: 29 Nov 11 Page 28 of 28

This document is uncontrolled when printed. See ARTC Intranet for latest version.