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Chapter 06: Deformation

Paper-1: Multiple Choice Questions of Deformation

1. A force acts on a body. Which list contains only quantities that can be changed by the force?
A mass, shape, velocity B mass, shape, volume
C mass, velocity, volume D shape, velocity, volume

2. A force acts on a body. Which properties of the body may all be changed by the force?
A mass, shape and size B mass, shape and velocity
C mass, size and velocity D shape, size and velocity

3. Some students plan to use a spring to make a spring balance with a linear scale.
The graph shows how the extension of their spring changes with the load on it.

What is the total range of a balance with a linear scale using this spring?
A 0N to 10N B 0 N to 12N C 10N to 12N D 10N to 14N

4. A force is applied to a body. Which property of the body cannot be changed by the force?
A its mass B its shape C its size D its velocity

5. The graph shows the extension of a piece of copper wire as the load on it is increased.

What does the graph show?

A At a certain load the wire becomes easier to extend.
B At a certain load the wire becomes harder to extend.
C The load and extension are directly proportional for all loads.
D The load and extension are inversely proportional for all loads.

6. Which object behaves as an elastic solid as it deforms?

A a bullet as it hits a solid metal wall B a car damaged in a collision
C a piece of metal cut by a saw D a football as it is kicked

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7. A spring extends by 6.0cm when a 15N weight is suspended from its lower end.
Three of these springs are used as shown to support a 90N weight.

What is the extension of each spring?

A 2.0 cm B 12 cm C 36 cm D 110 cm

8. The graph shows extension-load curves for four fibres.

Which fibre is the hardest to stretch over the range of loads shown?

9. An extension-load graph is plotted to show the result of increasing the load on a spring.
Which point marks the limit of proportionality for this spring?

10. A 100 g mass is suspended from a spring next to a vertical metre rule. The top of the spring is level with the
0.0 cm mark. The bottom of the spring is level with the 27.2cm mark.

The 100 g mass is replaced with a 600 g mass. The length of the spring is now 89.7 cm. The spring has not reached
the limit of proportionality. The 600g mass is replaced with a 200 g mass. What is the length of the spring?
A 29.9 cm B 33.4 cm C 39.7 cm D 54.4 cm

11. A metal wire, of initial length 1000 mm, extends by 4 mm when a load of 2 N is added to it.
What is the length of the wire when a further 3 N is added, assuming that the wire does not extend beyond the limit
of proportionality?
A 1006 mm B 1008 mm C 1010 mm D 1012 mm

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12. A spring has a length of 9 cm when loaded with a 200 g mass. The extension-mass graph for the spring is shown.

The 200g mass is replaced with a 100g mass. What is the new length of the spring?
A 7 cm B 8 cm C 9 cm D 10 cm

13. The diagram shows how the length of a spring changes when a load of 10N is hung on it.

The 10N load is replaced by a 20N load. What is the new length of the spring?
A 6 cm B 11 cm C 14 cm D 16 cm

14. The extension of a spring is measured as weights are added. The graph shows the results.
Which point is the spring’s limit of proportionality?

15. Which part of the graph shows the limit of proportionality for an elastic solid?

AO B OP CP D PQ

16. A metal wire, initially 1.000m long, extends by 4mm when a load of 2N is added to it.
What will the length of the wire be if a further 3 N is added, assuming it does not extend beyond
its limit of proportionality?
A 1.060 m B 1.080 m C 1.010 m D 1.012 m

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17. A load L is suspended from two springs that are in parallel. The extension of each spring is x.

The springs are then arranged to hang vertically, one below the other.

In this new arrangement, what is the total extension of the two springs?
1
A x Bx C 2x D 4x
2
18. An extension-load graph for a wire is shown.

What is the load at the limit of proportionality for the wire?

A4N B 15 N C 60 N D 70 N

19. A steel spring is stretched by a load. The load is increased.

At first the extension is proportional to the load. The spring reaches its limit of proportionality at L.
Which is the correct graph of the extension against load for the spring?

20. The table shows how the extension of a spring varies with load.

Between which two loads would you find the limit of proportionality?
A 0N and 2N B 8N and 10N C 10N and 12N D 14N and 16N

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21. A spring balance is calibrated to give readings in newtons.
The graph shows how the length of the spring varies with the load.

A load causes the spring of the balance to extend by 3cm. What is the balance reading?
A 3N B 5N C 10N D 15N

22. A spring extends by 4 cm when 10 N is suspended from it. Two of these springs are used as shown to carry a 30N
load.

What is the extension of each spring?

A 4 cm B 6 cm C 8 cm D 12 cm

23. A single spring is loaded with a 1 N weight. The load is then increased to 2 N and the extension increases by
1.0 cm, as shown.

Two springs that are identical to the first one are put side by side. They are connected at both ends, and a 1 N
weight is hung on them. The load is then increased to 2N.

What is the new increase x in the extension?

A 0.5 cm B 1.0 cm C 2.0 cm D 3.0 cm

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 Paper-2: Structured Questions of Deformation

1. (5054/21/M/J/10: Q.02)
Fig. 2.1 shows a weight of 4.0 N attached to a spring.

Fig. 2.1
The unstretched length of the spring is 8.0 cm. With the 4.0 N weight attached to the spring,
the length is 14.0 cm. The spring is within its limit of proportionality.
(a) State what is meant by the limit of proportionality of a spring.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The 4.0 N weight is replaced with a 2.0 N weight. Calculate the new length of the spring.

new length = ..............................................[2]

(c) Describe how the apparatus in Fig. 2.1 is used to obtain readings to plot an extension-load graph.

…………………………………….........................................................................................................................................

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[2]

2. (5054/22/M/J/12: Q.01)
Fig. 1.1 shows apparatus used to obtain the readings for a graph of force against extension for a spring.

Fig. 1.1
The masses added to the pan produce a force that stretches the spring.
(a) (i) State what is meant by the mass of a body.

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]

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(ii) Describe how the scale is used to find the extension of the spring.

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]

3. (5054/22/O/N/12: Q.02)
A pupil hangs a load of 45 N from a length of copper wire. The wire extends by 2.5 mm and does not exceed the limit
of proportionality.
(a) (i) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the 45 N load.

mass = ..................................................[1]
(ii) Use the grid in Fig. 2.1 to plot the extension-load graph for this wire for a load between 0 and 45 N.

Fig. 2.1 [3]

(b) Use the graph plotted in Fig. 2.1 to determine the load needed to produce an extension of 1.3 mm.

load = ..................................................[1]

4. (5054/21/M/J/13: Q.01)
Fig. 1.1 shows how the length of a spring varies as the force applied to it increases.

Fig. 1.1

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(a) Determine the length of the unstretched spring.

9cm
length = ...................................................[1]
(b) Explain how the graph shows that the limit of proportionality is not reached.

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The spring is attached to a mass M of 0.20 kg and placed on a frictionless surface, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

The apparatus is placed on the floor of a car.
When the car accelerates uniformly in the direction shown, the spring extends.
(i) State what is meant by a uniform acceleration.

………………………………………......................................................................................................................................

…………………………………………..............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) The extension of the spring is 9.0 cm. Using Fig. 1.1, determine
1. the horizontal force on M,

force = ..................................................[1]
2. the acceleration of M.

acceleration = ..................................................[2]
5. (5054/22/O/N/14: Q.01)
A student suspends a spring from a clamp stand. He measures the unstretched length of the spring with no load
attached. He then attaches different loads to the lower end of the spring and measures the new lengths of the spring.
Fig. 1.1 shows how the total length of the spring depends on the load attached.

Fig. 1.1

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(a) At point P on Fig. 1.1, the line stops being straight and begins to curve. State the name of point P.
Limit of proportionality
……………………………................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the unstretched length of the spring.

8.5
unstretched length = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) Calculate the extension of the spring for a load of 4.0 N.

extension = ...........................................................[1]
(c) The student attaches a small block of wood to an identical spring. The extension of the spring is 2.7 cm. The
gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg. Calculate the mass of the block of wood.

mass = ...........................................................[2]

6. (5054/22/M/J/15: Q.01)
The apparatus shown in Fig. 1.1 is used to measure the extension of a spring.

Fig. 1.1
(a) Explain how the mass causes a force on the spring.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

……………………………............................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The force on the spring is a vector quantity. State what is meant by a vector quantity.

....................................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a graph of the length of the spring plotted against the force on the spring, for forces between 0 and
10 N.

Fig. 1.2

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(i) 1. State a formula that relates the unstretched length l0 of the spring, the stretched length l of the spring and the
extension e of the spring.

…………………………………........................................................................................................................................ [1]
2. A mass produces a force of 9.0 N on the spring. Determine the extension of the spring caused by this mass.

extension = ........................................................... [1]

(ii) The limit of proportionality of the spring is reached when the force is 10 N.
The spring is easier to stretch after the limit of proportionality.
On Fig. 1.2, continue the line to suggest how the length changes when the force is greater than 10 N. [1]

7. (5054/22/O/N/15: Q.02)
(a) The surface of a running track is made of rubber. A heavy trolley is pulled on to the track and it exerts a large force
on the rubber track. State two effects that this force has on the rubber.

1. ........................................................................................................................................................................................

2. ……………..................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A spring is suspended from a support with a small pan attached to its lower end. Masses are added to the pan until
the spring is extended well beyond the limit of proportionality. Fig. 2.1 shows this apparatus.

Fig. 2.1
A ruler is used when determining the extension of the spring.
(i) On Fig. 2.2, sketch the extension-load graph for the spring and label the limit of proportionality P. [2]

Fig. 2.2
(ii) The masses are then removed and the extension of the spring decreases.
Suggest what is observed when all the masses are removed.

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]

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8. (5054/21/M/J/16: Q.02)
A student hangs various masses from the end of a spring and determines the extension produced.
Fig. 2.1 shows the spring hanging vertically on its own and with an unknown mass X at one end.

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

(a) The student plots a graph of the extension of the spring against the mass hanging on the spring. Fig. 2.2 shows
the student’s graph.

Fig. 2.2
(i) At point P on the graph, the line begins to curve. State the name of point P.

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Using Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2, determine the mass X.

mass = .......................................................... [1]

(iii) The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg. Calculate the weight of X.

weight = .......................................................... [1]

(b) An identical spring is used with the original spring, as shown in Fig. 2.3. Together they support the mass X.

Fig. 2.3
State and explain how the extension in Fig. 2.3 compares with the extension in Fig. 2.1.

……………………………….................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[2]

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9. (5054/22/M/J/16: Q.03)
A student has three springs A, B and C. He measures the length of each spring, in turn, when different weights are
placed on the end of each spring. His table of results is shown in Fig. 3.1.

Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State which spring has been stretched past the limit of proportionality.

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Using data from Fig. 3.1, explain how you obtained your answer to (a)(i).

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Calculate the unstretched length of spring A.

unstretched length = ...........................................................[1]

(b) Describe how the student can use spring A to determine the mass of a small rock.

……………………………....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[2]

10. (5054/22/O/N/17: Q.02)

A force applied to a solid object may cause it to accelerate so that its velocity changes.
(a) State two other properties of the object which may change when a force is applied.

1. ……………………………................................................................................................................................................

2. ..……………………….................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) A spring has a mass of 0.012kg.
(i) The gravitational field strength g is 10N/kg. Calculate the weight of the spring.

weight = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) The spring is suspended vertically and a load is attached to its lower end. The spring extends by 2.7cm and does
not pass the limit of proportionality. Fig. 2.1 shows the spring and load attached to the lower end of a second identical
spring.

Fig. 2.1

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Suggest one reason why the extension of the second spring differs from 2.7cm.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Explain what is meant by limit of proportionality.

…………………………………...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The load in Fig. 2.1 is pulled down below its equilibrium position.
(i) State the form of energy stored in the stretched springs.

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The load is released and it moves upwards and downwards. The distance travelled in each movement decreases
until the load stops moving. Explain why the load stops moving.

………………………………….............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................................[1]

11. (5054/22/M/J/18: Q.02)

In an experiment, a student takes measurements and determines the extension of a spring for different loads. The
apparatus is shown in Fig. 2.1.

Fig. 2.1
The table in Fig. 2.2 shows the results.

150 220
Fig. 2.2
(a) Only some of the extensions are shown in the table. Complete the table to show all of the extensions. [1]
(b) Calculate the load that produces an extension of 49mm.

load = ...........................................................[2]
(c) The student pulls a load downwards from position A to position B and holds it fixed at position B, as shown in Fig.
2.3. (on next page)

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 Fig. 2.3
The load is stationary at A and at B. The load has no kinetic energy at either point.
(i) Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show how the value of each of the forms of energy compares at A and B.

[1]
(ii) Work is done by the student to pull the load down. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be
created and cannot be destroyed.
Explain how this principle applies in this case.

............................................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................

………………………………….........................................................................................................................................[2]

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