ARL FAITH S. GONIA CHRISTINE JOAN G.
SIABOC, RN
BSN II-A
DILATATION AND CURETTAGE
Definition:
Dilatation and Curettage (D&C) is a procedure which a material inside the uterus is removed
using a curette. "Dilation" refers to dilation (opening) of the cervix, "Curettage" refers to the scraping or
removal of tissue lining the uterine cavity (endometrium).
Procedure:
Before the procedure a review medical history, list of medications used, and any drug allergies
will be done.
o Be sure to tell them if you suspect you’re pregnant.
o If you have a history of bleeding disorders or are taking any blood-thinning drugs.
o You should not eat or drink anything starting the night before the procedure.
During the procedure, you will be provided with anesthesia recommendation
o general, regional, or local block anesthesia.
D&C involves two main steps:
Dilation involves widening the opening of the lower part of the uterus (the cervix) to allow
insertion of an instrument. The doctor may insert a slender rod (laminaria) into the opening or
use a medication before the procedure to soften the cervix, causing it to widen.
Curettage involves scraping the lining and removing uterine contents with a curette. The doctor
may also use a cannula to suction any remaining contents from the uterus. A tissue sample then
goes to a lab for examination.
*The procedure itself takes about five to 10 minutes. But the entire process takes longer due to receiving
anesthesia and other preparations.
After the Procedure
Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.
Expect mild cramping and light bleeding for a few days. Use pads, not tampons.
Avoid sex and tampons until your doctor clears you to prevent infection.
Resume regular activities within a few days.
Biopsy results typically arrive within a week. Ask your doctor for details.
Schedule a follow-up visits with your doctor within two weeks.
Indication:
For diagnostic tests
Miscarriage
Abortion
Treatment of molar pregnancy
Retained pregnancy tissue
Prolonged/ excessive vaginal bleeding
Benefits:
D&C helps diagnose abnormal bleeding
D&C helps detect abnormal endometrial cells (possible cancer)
D&C removes leftover tissue after miscarriage or abortion to prevent complications
Risks/Complications:
Uterine perforation Infection
Cervical Injury Bleeding
Common side effects:
Cramping
Spotting/ light bleeding
Symptoms that may need medical attention:
Heavy or prolonged bleeding or blood Pain
clots Abdominal tenderness
Fever Foul-smelling discharge from the vagina
Nursing Interventions for post D&C:
Monitor patient’s vital signs
Assess pain level
Encourage relaxation techniques such as deep breathing exercises
Provide comfort measures such as backrub and heat/cold application
Monitor for signs of bleeding and other adverse effects
Provide emotional support and non-judgmental attitude
Offer information about the procedure, recovery process, and potential emotional responses.
Encourage good hygiene practices
Educate client about the nature of discomfort expected and any restrictions on activity level
Encourage balanced diet and adequate hydration
Emphasize importance of rest in optimal healing
Encourage follow-up check up
References:
* Stuart, A. (2010, April 20). D and C (Dilation and curettage). WebMD.
https://www.webmd.com/women/d-and-c-dilation-and-curettage
Professional, C. C. M. (n.d.). Dilation and Curettage (D & C). Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/procedures/dilation-and-curettage
