Ja F 7 8 i e : j ; he : a 2 i : 4 wh A g So Ss INTRODUC ETON 1O'SECURITY GENERAL 1. There is a common adage that says; ‘Security is everybody's business", This saying scems not to apply to Nigerians, who on the ‘average are yet to develop the culture of security consciousness. This has been a lapst as well as a threat to the nations security architecture, It is (Rerefore important for personnel whose responsibility it is to protect national assets to understand that every segment of the society has arole to play in the security of the nation, 2. Hostile intelligence agencies acquire information concerning almost all aspects of a target nation, which could be immediately significant to the development of these agencies plans, policies and operations. They also direct their efforts to weaken a target nation's defence potential and het will to fight through sabotage and subversion. To counter the efforts of these hostile agencies, it js important to ensure that all ranks within the nation’s security architecture are security conscious Properly trained to enforce all Preventive meastires and assist the intelligence units in detective measures, where possible. The first approach ta the study of any aspect of security is the understanding of the term security. This could then be preceded by identification of securi ty procedures that would provide. protection to information material and Personnel within the operational environment of organisations, establishment or institutions, DEFINITION OF SECURITY ! 3. The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines security as the activities involved in Protecting a country, building ot person against attack, danger ete. For clerks in the armed forces, it could be understood as a condition that is achieved when classified information does not Gel Lo unauthorised persons, sabotage does not take“place and subversion does not exist. A situation where subversion, sabotage and espionage is non-existence indicates some me res of perfection ® 2 @. cn ae wy ee) x iv aot | yt ye RESTRIC . :RESTRICTED which however, so far, is impracticable. It then means that there is no absolute st This however does not mean that cler ould fold their arms and go to s much as this condition is unattainable, it is necessary efforts are geared towards it. sleep. Inz PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY 4. The success of any good security system depends on a nurhber of factors; ranging from accurate design, knowledge of the target, good assessment of the threat and education of all staff including those not employed as security staff. The organizational functions; both internal and external, of our nations assets require | __thatall personnel should be thoroughly familiar with the principles of security. This will help them in discharging their duties efficiently. The 12 ptinciples of security areas follows: a. Security Mi MakesSense The security design within an installation must be commefsurate with it’s need so as to ensure the desired results. Fora cramer be foolhardy to provide only 2 security staff at the main entrance to Defence Headquarters, while 10 security staff are deployed at the car park of the same Headquarters. b. Define the Target. Before security measures are introduced in a protected area, it will be essential to know what is being protected. The knowledge of what is to be protected, as well provides for the degree of protection needed, If protective security is provided for the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) library and the canteen respectively, without | knowledge of theroles of the 2 departments, jt will be difficult to implement. | c. Assessthe Threat. Usually the degree of threat of any kind varies ‘ean place to place. ‘The security staff should therefore be able to identify what kind of threat is expected. For example, a higher threat of sabotage is expected in Lagos (because of its level of indus lization), than will be 2 STRICTED| 4 RESTRICTE expected in a village where no industry abound. Other factors to be considered include: (1) The contact that staff may have with local inhabitants which could lead to subversion or leakage of information. (2) The quality of the building housing the high valued person/item, d. Defence-in- Depth. Defence obstacles must be arranged around whatis being protected. They mustbe inter-locking and operatihg outward. e. Education ofall Staff, No matter how unbeatable you think physical security measures and principles may be, they are as good as non- existent if all the staff are not security conscious. Staff of all grades must therefore be educated to appreciate threats, because it is by so doing that they may not unconsciously fall prey to subversive indoctrination. £ Sense of Responsibility. Security measures are not only the concern of the security organizations but also the responsibility of all ranks, who must be fully trained, made conscious of their responsibilities and obligations in this regard. Only then can we hope to thwart the efforts of hostile intelligence agencies to acquire information concerhing own assets, or Service of own staff and to reduce our capacity to stop the enemy through indirect attacks. g. Need-to-Know Basis. All information should be disseminated strictly on the need-to-know basis to all concerned, irrespective of their rank Senior officers must not force or intimidate their subordinate to divulge infogmation that neither they nor their department have the need-to- know statu IL is very important that they always adhere strictly to the »f document security. 3 RICTEDRESTRICTED h. Si ily Cousciousness. — Itis the duty or responsibility ofall heads, of departments to create security consciousness amongst all personnel working in an organisation. This can be achieved through continuous security training, drills and motivation. All personnel, including managerial and operational personnel, should be adequately trained to enforce existing scourity provisions, instructions, orders etc, peculiar to the organisation. Personnel should also be able to detect security breaches and report any adverse occurrence within and around the organisation. i, Cooperation. The principle of cooperation is an indispensable tool for achieving good security in any establishment or organisation. Cooperation must exist between and among the various departments/personnel of the organisation on the one hand and between the organisation and other relaled organisations on the other hand. The importance of cooperation as a factor to achieve good security and organisational objectives cannot be over-emphasised. Security is every- body’s business. is Prioriti In theory, every individual, item of information and equipment is a security hazard. As the resources available tous for enforcing preventive measures are limited, it is therefore important to lay down priorities for safeguarding the most sensitive and vulnerable targets against hostile foreign and domestic attacks which may be cither covert or overt. k. Morale. The maintenance of personne! morale is essential to achieving organisational goals or objectives. Adequate measure must be taken at all times to ensure that all personnel have confidence in the leadership of any organisation. The maintenance of morale should take into consideration the critical issues of personnel welfare, motivation and training amongst others. Security measures whiclt restrict individual personnel freedom should only be imposed when they are essential t0 4 RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED, prevent espionage, sabotage and subversion, I Supe: ‘on. Organisation Security measures should always be monitored and the staff constantly supervised. This will help to detect any security lapse or review existing security provisions to confotm with current citcumstances or, situation. CONCLUSION 5. Threat to security at any given time depends on a number of factors, which influence its assessment. These factors include: a, The identity of the professional criminals posing the threat and their method of operations (modus operandi). b. The security situation at the premises of the establishment. c. ‘The level of security awareness in the establishment, It is therefore essential to keep assessing any perceived threat from time to time by proficient security officers. Security is everybody's business, Hence it must be understood that if everybody has security consciousness, the defence against any form ofattack would have been halfachieved. 5 | RESTRICTED