UNIT 8: TOURISM

III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
expedition affordable breathtaking exotic inaccessible
excursion magnificence reasonable stalagmites preservation

1. Our planet is an astonishing place and full of _________ beauty.

2. I’m interested in _________ of coastal rain forests ecosystems.
3. My class is going on a one-day _________ to the Grand Canyon.
4. Son Doong contains some of the tallest known _________ in the world, which are up to 70 metres tall.
5. He had made an _________ to Spain to study wild plants.
6. We were impressed by the splendor and _________ of the Pyramids.
7. Could space tourism become _________ within a decade?
8. Madagascar is one of the most _________ places in the world, in its plants and animals found nowhere else on
earth.
9. She said those prices are very _________ for the distance of the trip.
10. Isle Royale National Park is located in Lake Superior, _________ except by boat or seaplane.
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Spring water slowly flows through the cavern, ________ limestone.
a. forming b. carving c. eroding d. featuring
2. When spending a week in Berlin, you can ________ the city itself and its surroundings.
a. explore b. travel c. visit d. guide
3. With its ________ climate, the country attracts both winter and summer sports enthusiasts.
a. extreme b. wet c. harsh d. varied
4. Son Doong Cave is one of the most fascinating ______ that can be experienced in Southeast Asia.
a. journeys b. expeditions c. destinations d. explorations
5. Nick has just returned from his holiday looking relaxed and ________.
a. cool b. worried c. tanned d. exhausted
6. Ha Long Bay has twice been ________ by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site.
a. experienced b. recognized c. discovered d. developed
7. Our ________ showed us around the old town and regaled us with historical stories.
a. travel agent b. holidaymaker c. sightseer d. tour guide
8. The authorities are trying to encourage and ________ domestic tourism.
a. permit b. issue c. promote d. attract
9. Frog legs are one of the better-known delicacies of French ________.
a. cuisine b. landscape c. recipe d. ingredient
10. Saturdays are busy, so it’s a good idea to ________ a table in advance.
a. offer b. reserve c. retain d. save
11. We spent the day swimming and ________ around on the beach.
a. exploring b. turning c. traveling d. lazing
12. The seaside resort always gets overcrowded in ________ season.
a. low b. peak c. off d. hard
V. Underline the correct form.
1. The hydrogen / Hydrogen is lighter than the atmosphere / atmosphere.
2. The telephone / Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
3. Windows / The windows are made of the glass / glass.
4. Kate lives in Manchester / the Manchester in a little street called a Green Street / Green Street.
5. Paula is the interesting / an interesting woman. We are very interested in what she is saying on a subject / the
subject.
6. I went to the bank / a bank today and they said I didn’t have any money!
7. A book / The book that you gave me on Sunday / the Sunday was really good.
8. Most experts agree that ice / the ice at poles / the poles is melting.
9. An Japanese / The Japanese are some of the most creative people in world / the world.
10. Scientists / The scientists have discovered a new galaxy / the new galaxy.
11. We went out for meal / a meal last night at Indian Restaurant / an Indian Restaurant in the South Street /
South Street.
12. A bird / The bird has an aerodynamic / the aerodynamic shape and the feathers / feathers to enable it to fly.
VI. Complete the sentence with a /an or the, or write Ø for zero article.
1. Because there was ______ huge rainstorm, the flight was delayed for more than ______ hour.
2. I lived on ______ Main Street when I first came to ______ town.
3. While I was in Japan, I stayed in ______ hotel with walls made of ______ paper.
4. ______ British are famous for the amount of ______ fast food they eat.
5. Albany is ______ capital of ______ New York State.
6. You can sit on the beach and watching ______ sun go down over ______ Arabian Sea and it’s quite wonderful.
7. ______ Norway is ______ country on ______ Scandinavian Peninsula.
8. I don’t know why you always put ______ sugar in your coffee if you are trying to lose ______ weight.
9. ______ film was shot on location in ______ Philippines.
10. At ______ last minute, David decided to go away for ______ few days and stay in ______ hotel by ______
sea.
11. We organize tours to ______ wide range of countries in ______ Europe, and also other tours in ______ USA,
and ______ South Africa.
12. A year after ______ hurricane, ______ tourists are gradually beginning to come back to ______ region.
13. Where did you put ______ plane ticket that I gave you on ______ Monday?
14. My brother likes to have ______ breakfast in ______ bed on ______ Saturday morning.
15. We spent ______ week in Paris and had ______ great time going up ______ Eiffel Tower, and taking ______
trip along ______ Seine in ______ open boat.
VII. Complete the text with a /an or the, or leave blank for zero article.
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China is one of (1) _______ wonders of (2) _______ modern world and became (3)
_______ UNESCO Heritage Site in 1987. It is (4) _______ one of (5) _______ longest (6,700 km) structures in
(6) _______ world, and has (7) _______ history of more than (8) _______ two thousand years. (9) _______
building of (10) _______ wall began between (11) _______ 7th and 8th centuries BC as (12) _______ means of
defending most of (13) _______ China from (14) _______ invading people of (15) _______ north. (16) _______
rulers of different parts of (17) _______ country built sections of the wall, and these were joined together in the
time of (18) _______ Qin dynasty. During (19) _______ Ming dynasty (1368-1644 AD) (20) _______ wall was
repaired and extended and took on the appearance it has today, with (21) _______ complex system of (22) _______
forts and towers. It has (23) _______ average height of ten metres and (24) _______ width of five metres, and it
runs from (25) _______ east to (26) _______ west.
X. Fill each blank in the following sentences with a compound noun from the box.
heart attack public speaking haircut check-ups toothpaste
headache underworld driving license full moon stopover

1. I’d like to lie down for a bit to make my _______ go away.

2. Jim is going to the barber for a _______ .
3. The _______ looked enormous as it rose over the horizon.
4. She lost her _______ when she was caught drink-driving.
5. Do you prefer peppermint or cinnamon flavored _______ ?
6. The journey includes a two-day _______ in Miami before flying on to Mexico.
7. You should have regular medical _______ to keep track of your health.
8. Do you think the police accept money from the _______ ?
9. He’s very good at _______ - I think he’s a politician in the making.
10. Prevent a _______ by eating properly and getting enough exercise,
XI. Form compound nouns from these elements and use them to complete the sentences below.
fishing snow standers stop sea up fall honey boat sun tan life
over mid shells pick moon dry out wild cleaning day by take
1. They enjoyed walking along the beach and collecting ______ .
2. She’s on the beach all day, trying to get a really deep ______ .
3. You should avoid the sun at ______ , especially if you have very fair skin.
4. Recyclable materials can be left on the sidewalk for ______ .
5. Many innocent ______ were injured by the explosion.
6. The average annual ______ for this region is about 30 centimetres.
7. The Maldives is a popular destination for ______ couples.
8. Let’s order ______ for dinner tonight.
9. Be sure to pick up the ______ on your way home.
10. A ______ sank off the Spanish coast last night.
11. Tourists visit these national parks to view the ______ in their natural habitats.
12. On August 4, we flew from Los Angeles to Madrid, with a ______ in London.
D. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.
picturesque reach apart delayed foreign
ruins whichever reserve laze abroad
Almost all people like to spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents,
modern cities and the (1) _______ of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy (2) _______ places, or just for a change of
scene. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea, or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and
bathe and (3) _______ in the sun.
Most people enjoy going (4) _______ for their holidays, and having the opportunity to stay in an interesting
city. If you speak (5) _______ languages, you can make new friends, and get home some interesting souvenirs as
presents! But before you can do that, you have to (6) _______ your destination, and that is often a problem! If you
fly, then you may find that your flight has been (7) _______. Journeys by train can also be difficult, since trains are
often crowded in summer but you may have to (8) _______ a seat in advance. (9) _______ way you travel, you
can have problems with your luggage, and it is often difficult to find good accommodation. (10) _______ from
this, you might not be able to afford the fare!
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.
TOURISM TODAY
People travel all over the world and attend a lot of interesting places. The effect of travelling of large amount
of people sometimes is incredible. Here are some examples of it.
Large number of people coming to one place once at a time can have less comfortable accommodation as it
was in Scotland where only 40% of tourists were offered hotels.
Tourism is one of the principal contributions of pollution in the Mediterranean Sea and as the number of
people increase, the problem worsen. Several laws and initiatives have been implemented in order to protect the
Mediterranean Sea from further degradation. The rapid tourism development of Bali has had a great effect on its
natural environment, affecting water resources, increasing pollution and localized flooding, as well as putting
pressure on the island’s infrastructure.
In Cancun, Mexico, tourism has extensively damaged the lagoon, obliterated sand dunes, led to the extinction
of varying species of animals and fish, and destroyed the rainforest which surrounds the island. It was only twenty
years after it was developed, that the government of Mexico decided to limit projects along the coast to prevent
further damage to the island’s environment.
In Trinidad and Tobago there are shortages of water due to the overpopulation of tourists on the island. The
most damaging effect of tourism has been the destruction of coral reefs, as they are harvested for sale to tourists
and destroyed by tourists stepping on them as they enter the water.
B. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) of false (F).
1. The effect of tourism is only positive.
2. Mass tourism can cause housing shortages.
3. Tourism is largely responsible for pollution of the Mediterranean Sea.
4. Tourism promotes conservation of wildlife and natural resources such as rainforests.
5. Bali’s rapid tourism development has had a negative impact on its natural environment.
6. Tourism made little damage in Cancun because the government of Mexico put a limit on projects along the
coast.
7. Overpopulation of tourists leads to the lack of fresh water resources in Trinidad and Tobago.
8. The destruction of coral reefs is mostly caused by tourists collecting coral for souvenirs.
II. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1. Have you ever been to Penang before?
→ Is this________________________________________________________________________
2. I wasn’t strong enough to push it all the way.
→ I didn’t have___________________________________________________________________
3. We stayed in a magnificent hotel on our holiday in Dalat.
→ The hotel _____________________________________________________________________
4. You didn’t prepare for the picnic as well as I did.
→ I prepared _____________________________________________________________________
5. I have a big test next week, so I can’t accompany you in this trip.
→ If____________________________________________________________________________
6. We went to the beach because it was a beautiful day.
→ It was such____________________________________________________________________
7. My family last went to Hanoi three years ago.
→ It is __________________________________________________________________________
8. We didn’t need to book the hotel in advance.
→ It ____________________________________________________________________________
9. I think you should take a seven-day trip to Japan?
→ If____________________________________________________________________________
10. Richard is very proud of his children’s achievements.
→ Richard takes__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
TEST FOR UNIT 8
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. a. resort b. seaside c. safari d. sightseeing
2. a. shortage b. luggage c. package d. landscape
3. a. country b. enough c. tourist d. touchdown
4. a. explored b. relaxed c. tanned d. delayed
5. a. experience b. exciting c. expedition d. explore
IV. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. He’s really _______ community tourism because he wants to experience local culture,
a. of b. with c. onto d. into
2. I have _______ to four tourist attractions that need to be visited this year.
a. pulled it down b. broken it out c. shrunk it from d. narrowed it down
3. Package tour isn’t my _______. I prefer independent travel.
a. hot potatoes b. piece of cake c. cup of tea d. flesh and blood
4. I didn’t know that _______ Lake Michigan was one of the Great Lakes until last year.
a. a b. an c. Ø d. the
5. You couldn’t possibly visit Paris without seeing _______ Eiffel Tower.
a. the b. a c. an d. Ø
6. I will have a _______ summer holiday in Dubai where my sister works as a tour guide.
a. two-weeks b. two-week c. two weeks’ d. two week’s
7. A long flight of stairs made the center _______ to disabled visitors.
a. unavailable b. unaffordable c. disadvantaged d. inaccessible
8. The _______ happened in thick fog and caused a seven-mile tailback on the motorway.
a. pile-up b. touchdown c. mix-up d. jet lag
9. Make sure you book tickets _______ because it costs more at the airport!
a. by chance b. at a price c. in advance d. for a start
10. “I’m going to France for my summer holiday.” “_______”
 a. Lucky you! b. Good idea! c. OK. Cool! d. Oh my God!
V. Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. Son Doong Cave _______ (find) in 1991 by a local man named Ho Khanh.
2. People _______ (enjoy) the journey when suddenly the ship _______ (hit) an iceberg.
3. Right after Johnson ______ (watch) a short video about Phu Quoc Island, he _______ (decide) to go to there.
4. The tourism industry in Indonesia _______ (expand) rapidly over the past few years.
5. In December 2019, she _______ (take) a ten-day trip to Europe with her family.
6. Janet together with her friends _______ (go) on a trip to New Zealand this summer.
7. Nick told me that he _______ (not visit) Italy before his trip last year.
8. Do you think you _______ (ever/ travel) to outer space in your lifetime?
9. Have you ever dreamed of _______ (visit) Mars and its two moons?
10. NASA has said it plans _______ (send) people to Mars in the 2030s.
IX. Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.
SPACE TOURISM
Make your reservations now. The space tourism industry is (1) _______ open for business, and tickets are
going for a mere $20 million for a one-week stay in space. Despite (2) _______ from NASA, Russia made
American businessman Dennis Tito the world’s first space tourist. Tito flew into space aboard a Russian Soyuz (3)
_______ that arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) on April 30, 2001. The second space tourist, South
African businessman Mark Shuttleworth, took (4) _______ aboard the Russian Soyuz on April 25,2002, also (5)
_______ for the ISS. Greg Olsen, an American businessman, became tourist number three to the ISS on October 1,
2005.
On September 18, 2006, Anousheh Ansari, a telecommunications entrepreneur, became the first female space
tourist and the fourth space tourist (6) _______ . She was also the first person of Iranian descent to make (7)
_______ into space. Charles Simonyi, a software architect, became the fifth space tourist on April 7,2007.
These trips are the beginning of (8) _______ could be a lucrative 21st century industry. There are already
several space tourism companies planning to build suborbital vehicles and orbital cities within the next two
decades. These companies have (9) _______ millions, believing that the space tourism industry is on the (10)
_______ of taking off.
(From How Space Tourism Works, www.howstuffworks.com)

1. a. immediately b. officially c. formally d. definitely

2. a. acceptance b. reluctance c. insistence d. decision
3. a. launcher b. satellite c. rocket d. missile
4. a. in b. on c. over d. off
5. a. head b. make c. direct d. bound
6. a. thoroughly b. overall c. general d. together
7. a. it b. her c. way d. sense
8. a. when b. what c. which d. how
9. a. invented b. raised c. invested d. paid
10. a. verge b. border c. line d. strip
X. Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
Ecotourism: See the World While Saving It
Imagine a vacation in a place of amazing natural beauty. Picture yourself relaxing on a clean beach in Belize.
Picture yourself exploring the desert on a camel in Dubai. Or picture yourself following lions and zebras in Kenya.
Now imagine that you are enjoying these experiences and helping to preserve the environment. You are protecting
wildlife and supporting local communities. Is this too good to be true? No! These vacations are part of a growing
trend in the travel industry. The trend is called ecotourism.
Ecotourism was not common before the 1990s. It is now a multi-billion dollar industry. But what is
ecotourism? These are some of its characteristics:
• It means travel to natural, often far away, places. These are often protected areas where development is
limited.
• Ecotourism destinations focus on recycling, water conservation, and using renewable energy sources.
• It builds environmental awareness. Visitors explore an area and learn about it.
 • It provides an economic reason to save the environment. It raises money to help protect it.
• It creates financial opportunities and jobs for the local people.
Costa Rica was one of the first success stories. Costa Rica once had the highest rate of deforestation in Latin
America. However, since ecotourism, there has been a major reduction in deforestation. Now, more than a quarter
of Costa Rica’s land is protected from development. Costa Rica is now the world’s top ecotourism destination. This
small country of four million people has about 1.5 million visitors per year!
Ecotourism is very important to preserving the land in Costa Rica. This is true for other ecotourism sites
around the world. Ecotourism provides visitors with a special vacation too. These vacations are unforgettable and
educational. Ecotourism is basically a win-win situation. It is good for both the tourists and the countries they
visit.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
a. The rise of ecotourism in Costa Rica.
b. Ecotourism and its positive effects.
c. The impact of ecotourism on the environment.
d. How to develop ecotourism.
2. What is not the purpose of ecotourism?
a. To conserve the natural environment.
b. To promote the environmental awareness of visitors.
c. To attract more tourists to protected natural areas.
d. To provide financial benefits for local communities.
3. Which of the following statements is not true about ecotourism?
a. It first came onto the scene in the early 1990s.
b. It can mean travel to far off places of great natural beauty.
c. It contributes to conservation of the natural resources.
d. It is big business, generating millions of dollars annually.
4. Which of the following statements is not true about Costa Rica?
a. Costa Rica was very successful in embracing ecotourism.
b. Costa Rica experienced the world’s highest deforestation rate.
c. Costa Rica is a small country with a population of 4 million.
d. Costa Rica is known worldwide as a top spot for ecological tourism.
5. What is the meaning of “a win-win situation”?
a. A situation in which everyone benefits.
b. A situation in which there is no chance of success.
c. A situation in which something unpleasant could happen.
d. A situation in which people achieve success after a lot of difficulty.
6. According to the passage, ecotourism in Costa Rica ______
a. has helped diminish deforestation in the country.
b. prevents farmland from being converted to other uses.
c. contributed to land development of the country.
d. will encourage ecotourists to come to the country.
7. It can be inferred from the passage that ecotourism ______
a. can earn a lot of money and do a lot of harm to nature.
b. aims to boost visits to natural protected areas.
c. offers tourists an enjoyable holiday while conserving the environment.
d. is more damaging than helpful to wildlife.

XI. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word in
capital.
1. The ticket price I got from the agent was different from that on the airlines website. (AS)
→ The ticket price I got from the agent was not_________________________________________
2. Dennis has visited Son Doong Cave once before. (SECOND)
→ This is_______________________________________________________________________
3. It’s a pity I can’t visit the Eiffel Tower in Paris. (WISH)
→ I___________________________________________________________________________
4. The information we received from our tour guide was so confusing that I didn’t know when we departed to
Hanoi. (GAVE)
→ Our tour guide________________________________________________________________
5. Don’t waste your time explaining yourself to people who really don’t want to understand. (WORTH)
→ It’s__________________________________________________________________________
6. “You won’t get lost if you always have the map open.” (LONG)
→ The guide told them____________________________________________________________
7. The family always spent their holidays climbing in the mountains. (USED)
→ The family’s holidays___________________________________________________________
8. My best friend suggested I spend the summer in Italy. (ADVISED)
→ My best friend________________________________________________________________
9. It is difficult for Nick to decide where to go on holiday. (MIND)
→ Nick finds ___________________________________________________________________
10. The weather was beautiful but we didn’t go on the picnic. (DESPITE)
→ We_________________________________________________________________________