SHRI MOUNI VIDYAPITH’S

INSTITUTE OF CIVIL AND RURAL

ENGINEERING.
MURALIDHARNAGAR, GARGOTI – 416509, DIST – KOLHAPUR
PHONE – (02324) 220069/249, FAX-02324-220249

MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON

Mobile&wireless communications

(22533)

PROGRAM: ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

ACADAMIC YEAR: 2023-24

GUIDE : smt.R.N.Bhai mam

INSTITUTE OF CIVIL & RURAL ENGINEERING
GARGOTI
CERTIFICATE

This is to be certified that following student

ROLL NO. STUDENT NAME SIGN

7 Fagare Sahil Chandrakant
8 Potdar Ved Sanjay
14 Ghorpade Rahul Dilipkumar
23 Ghorpade Vishwajeet Jagdish
27 Sawant Yash Sudhir

THIRD YEAR ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING HAVE

GROUP MICRO PROJECT WORK

ON,

GUIDE: R.N.BHAI
PROGRAM: E & TC ENGINEERING
ACADAMIC YEAR: 2023-24
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE

This to certify that Mr/Mrs. ……………………………………………. Roll

No…....of Second semester of Diploma in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering From Institute of Civil & Rural
Engineering (code: 0012) has completed the micro project work
satisfactorily in course “Mobile&Wireless Communication”(22533)

For the academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Gargoti

Enrollment No.………………………………….. Date: …………

Exam seat No.……………………………………

PROJECT GUIDE ACADEMIC HEAD PRINCIPAL

• INTRODUCTION:-
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, mobile
phones have emerged as excellent tools that redefine how we
communicate, access information, and conduct business. Since their
inception, these compact devices have outlived their initial purpose of
voice communication, evolving into indispensable multifunctional
gadgets. This report study into the dynamic world of mobile phones,
examining their historical evolution, current market trends,
technological advancements, and their profound impact on various
facets of society. Through a comprehensive analysis, this report aims to
provide valuable insights into the ever-evolving sector of mobile
technology

• evolution of mobiles:-
- Mobile phone evolution spans over four decades, beginning in the early
1980s with bulky analog devices primarily for voice communication.
- Transformation includes miniaturization, digitization, and integration of
advanced features.
- 1990s: Transition to digital technology for clearer calls and introduction
of SMS.
- Early 2000s: Feature phones with basic multimedia capabilities
(cameras, music players).
- Late 2000s: Revolution with smartphones combining telephony with
computing, enabling internet access, email, apps, high-quality media
capture.
- Dominant OS: iOS and Android with vibrant app ecosystems.
- Ongoing innovations in screen tech, processing power, cameras, and
connectivity (4G, 5G).
- Smartphones serve as central hubs for social interaction,
entertainment, navigation, and health monitoring via specialized apps.
- Reflects a pursuit of innovation, pushing boundaries in communication,
computing, and connectivity.
- Mobile phones integral in modern society, shaping how we live, work,
and interact.
• components of mobile system:-

•LAR Vibrator Motor

•Speakers
•Microphone
•Display (LCD & AMOLED Panels)
•Cameras
•Headphone Jack (3.5mm)
•Ringer
•Battery Connector
•SIM Card
•Mother Board
•Earpiece
•SIM Slot
•Sensors
•Antennas
• LAR Vibrator Motor :

Linear resonant actuators, it is known as LRAs, also can be thought of as

a mass spring system. There is a coil suspended by springs and when
voltage is applied, the coil generates a magnetic field. The coil interacts
with the magnet and mass, whereas the magnetic field varies with the
applied drive signal, the magnet and mass move up and down creating
force. This force is called vibration force. Therefore, it also belongs to
the vibration motors. Linear vibration motor (LRA) provides faster
response time and longer usage life when compared with ERMs. As such,
linear vibration motor is more commonly used in handsets, wearable
device, mobile phones.

USE:- •Alerts and Notifications

•Haptic Feedback
•Gaming Experience
•Silent Alarms and Reminders
•speakers :
Electrodynamic speakers are the speakers gener- ally used in
mobile phones. Electrodynamic speak- ers consist of a magnet circuit
and a vibratory dia- phragm, and have the advantage of a low quality
factor (Qm) and a low resonant frequency.

There are two speakers, a main one at the bottom and an

earpiece speaker at the top for making phone calls. ... ... microphone is
chosen as the receiver because it is close to earpiece speaker, and it's
less affected by the user's hand holding the device.

USE:- •Entertainment and Gaming

•Multimedia Presentations
•Media Playback
•Voice Calls

•Microphone :
 Cell phones use tiny electret condenser or MEMS microphones.
These mics require very little power to function, which is easily supplied
by the cell phone battery. They also fit nicely within the circuitry of the
typical cell phone.
use of microphone To receive your voice as input, while you are
talking to someone on a phone call… To record audio (be it video
recorder or sound recorder)… To reduce prominent noise in the
background when you are recording a video.

USE:- •Voice / Video Recording

•Voice Commands
•Noise Cancellation
•Audio Analysis for AI Applications
• Voice Assistants
•Voice Search

•Display :
There are 4 types of display :
1) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
2) IPS-LCD (In-Plane Switching Liquid Crystal Display)
3) OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
4) AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode)

IPS LCD Panel – In-Plane Switching is the most popular display

between the 10k to 20k price range in mobiles. By the way, this is the
best display on LCD. They are very much the best than the TFT display.
This display can produce better viewing angles, best color reproduction,
and direct sunlight visibility.

AMOLED Panel :-
 AMOLED stands for Active Matrix Organic Light
Emitting Diode and is an improved version of OLED display technology
that uses an active matrix tech to control each individual pixel. AMOLED
displays use a thin-film transistor (TFT) to control each pixel actively. This
means each pixel automatically turns on or off independently for precise
control over the display.

It is important to note that AMOLED displays inherit the benefits of

OLED technology (like vibrant colors, and true blacks), but it consumes
less power when displaying darker content since individual pixels can be
turned off.

USE:- •Viewing Content

•Visual / User Interface
•Viewing Content
•Gaming Experience
•Customization and Personalization
•Reading and E-books

•Camera :
 Mobile phone cameras typically feature CMOS active-pixel
image sensors (CMOS sensors) due to largely reduced power
consumption compared to charge-coupled device (CCD) type cameras,
which few camera phones use. Most camera phones are smaller and
simpler than the separate digital cameras. In the smartphone era, the
steady sales increase of camera phones caused point-and-shoot camera
sales to peak about 2010 and decline thereafter.[2] The concurrent
improvement of smartphone camera technology, and its other
multifunctional benefits, have led to it gradually replacing compact
point-and-shoot cameras.

USE:- •Photography and Videography

•Health and Wellness Tracking(with special apk)
•Video Calls and Conferencing
•Document Scanning
•Facial Recognition and Biometrics
•QR Code and Barcode Scanning
•Visual Search (Google Lens)

•headphone jack :
 The 3.5mm headphone jack is an industry standard
audio plug. Most commonly used for connecting a pair of stereo
headphones to your smartphone or 'piping' your audio from your phone to
an external amp either in your home or your car. These are used both for
handsfree headsets and for stereo headphones. 3.5 mm TRRS (stereo-
plus-mic) sockets became particularly common on smartphones, and have
been used by Nokia and others since 2006. These sockets are often
compatible with standard 3.5 mm stereo headphones.

USE:- • Audio Output

•Versatility
• Gaming Experience
• No Connectivity Concerns
• Reduced Latency
• Cost-Effectiveness

•Ringer :
 The ringer alerts the user to an incoming call by emitting an audible
tone or ring. Ringers are of two types, mechanical or electronic. Both
types are activated by a 20-hertz, 75-volt alternating current generated by
the switching office. The ringer is commonly activated in two-second
pulses, with each pulse separated by a pause of four seconds.

USE:- •Incoming Calls (produces an audible sound or vibration)

•Alert the user
•Locating a Misplaced Phone (by emit a loud sound)
•Signaling Events
•Silent or Do Not Disturb Modes (vibrate instead of
producing an audible alert)

•Battery Connector :

A battery connector is a gadget that combines electric circuits.

Most battery packs require more than one connector. The primary
battery connector is both the mechanical and electrical part that
interfaces the battery to the PDA or other electronic gadget.

•Battery Connector Types :

1)XT Series Battery Connectors.
2)Deans (T-Plug) RC Connectors.
3)Anderson Powerpole Connectors.
4)Barrel Jack Low Voltage Connectors.
5)JST Balance Lead Connectors.
6)EC3/EC5/EC8 RC and PEV Connectors.
7)Banana Low Amperage Connectors.
8)Bullet RC Battery Connectors.

USE:- • Power Supply

• Data Communication
•Regulation and Protection (from overcharging)

•SIM Card :

The SIM card allows the phone to connect to a cellular network and
enables it to make and receive calls, send and receive text messages, and
access the internet. A SIM card slot is the place where the SIM card is
inserted into the device.

A SIM card (full form: Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber

Identification Module) is an integrated circuit (IC) intended to securely
store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and its
related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on
mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and laptops).
Technically the actual physical card is known as a universal integrated
circuit card (UICC); this smart card is usually made of PVC with
embedded contacts and semiconductors, with the SIM as its primary
component

USE:- •Incoming / Outgooing Calls

• Identity Verification
• Storing Contacts and Messages
• Security (encryption to protect communication)
• Subscriber Information

•Motherboard :

The motherboard is nothing but a PCB (printed circuit

board) and it is called the main circuit board as well. It connects and
helps to communicate between various parts of an electronic device and
also houses the majority of components, such as processor and
memory.motherboard is the backbone that ties the phone's components
together at one spot and allows them to talk to each other. Without it,
none of the computer pieces, such as the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could
interact. Total motherboard functionality is necessary for a computer to
work well.

USE:- • Component Integration (processor,RAM, GPU, storage

chips)
• Power Management
• Control of Input/Output Devices
• Security and Encryption
• Firmware and Software Management
•Earpiece :

earpiece or Speaker in a mobile cell phone is an electronic

component or part that helps to listen to sound during phone call. It is
also called Speaker or Ear Speaker. Earpiece is controlled by Audio IC or
Power IC (UEM).

In principle, headphones work the same as speakers, and the

opposite of microphones — that's to say, they essentially turn electrical
energy into sound by using magnets to vibrate the air, which creates
sound. Digital audio is stored in a device in the form of data — 1's and
0's.

USE:- • Voice Calls

• Reducing Noise Interference
• Virtual Assistants and Voice Commands
• Immersive Experiences
•Sim Card Slot :

A SIM card slot is the place where the SIM card is inserted
into the device. The SIM card slot is typically located on the side or
bottom of the device and can be easily opened with a small tool, such as a
paper clip or SIM card ejector tool. The SIM card slot is used to insert or
remove the SIM card from the device.

USE:- •Hold the sim card without any movement

• Support for SIM Card
•sensors:

Sensors are devices or components that detect and respond to a

specific type of input from the physical environment. They convert this
input into an electrical or digital signal that can be processed, analyzed, or
used for various applications.

USE:- • Touchscreen Interaction

• GPS Receiver
• Proximity Sensor
• Fingerprint Sensor (Biometric)
• Temperature and Humidity Sensors
• Heart Rate Monitor etc.
•antennas:-

Commonly used antennas in the mobile phone are of

various types such as helix type, planar inverted F type, whip or patch
type. Microstrip based patch type of antennas are popular among
mobile phones due to its size, easy integration on the PCB and multi
frequency band of operation

USE:- • Wireless Connectivity

• NFC Communication (Near Field Communication)
• WiFi and Bluetooth Connectivity
• Data Transmission
• Reception of Signals
•conclusion:-

this report has provided a comprehensive overview of

the various components that constitute a mobile system. From
hardware elements such as processors, batteries, and displays to
software components like operating systems and applications, we have
delved into the intricate workings of modern mobile devices.
Understanding the synergy between these components is vital in
appreciating the seamless user experience provided by mobile systems
today. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial for researchers,
developers, and users alike to stay abreast of these developments,
fostering innovation and enhancing the capabilities of future mobile
systems.

•refference:-
https://youtu.be/ZnW46VZgxew?si=jeYAYEgLwCSYeZof
https://youtu.be/kdKAwh_gvDc?si=K9wowRN6WxfRifL7
https://youtu.be/uBfDCsRVlJQ?si=EODIkG6MqKBvSQWI
https://youtu.be/_A1dVW0J6go?si=71ngWScP3yWZjlLB