Stoicism IELTS Listening Answers With Audio,

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Question 1 - 10
Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Stoicism

Stoicism is still relevant today because of its 1 appeal.

Ancient Stoics

• Stoicism was founded over 2,000 years ago in Greece.

• The Stoics' ideas are surprisingly well known, despite not being intended for 2 .

Stoic principles

• Happiness could be achieved by leading a virtuous life.

• Controlling emotions was essential.

• Epictetus said that external events cannot be controlled but the 3 people make in
response can be controlled.

• A Stoic is someone who has a different view on experiences which others would consider as
4 .

The influence of Stoicism

• George Washington organised a 5 about Cato to motivate his men.

• The French artist Delacroix was a Stoic.

• Adam Smith's ideas on 6 were influenced by Stoicism.

• Some of today's political leaders are inspired by the Stoics.

 • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

• the treatment for 7 is based on ideas from Stoicism

• people learn to base their thinking on 8 .

• In business, people benefit from Stoicism by identifying obstacles as 9 .

Relevance of Stoicism

• It requires a lot of 10 but Stoicism can help people to lead a good life.

• It teaches people that having a strong character is more important than anything else.
Transcript
Stoicism

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Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing, or even reading long, dense books.

In fact, it is something people have used throughout history - to solve their problems and to achieve their
greatest triumphs.

Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism, which, in my opinion, is the most practical of all philosophies and
therefore the most appealing.

Stoicism was founded in Ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC, but was practised
by the likes of Epictetus, Cato, Seneca and Marcus Aurelius.

Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote
anything down for publication.

Cato definitely didn't.

Marcus Aurelius never intended his Meditations to be anything but personal.

Seneca's letters were, well, letters and Epictetus' thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.

Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have an unshakable happiness in this life
and the key to achieving this was virtue.

The road to virtue, in turn, lay in understanding that destructive emotions, like anger and jealousy, are
under our conscious control - they don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them.

In the words of Epictetus: "external events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them, I
do control".

The modern day philosopher and writer Nassim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a
different perspective on experiences which most of us would see as wholly negative; a Stoic "transforms
fear into caution, pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation and desire into undertaking".

Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries Stoicism has been practised in
more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers and entrepreneurs.

The founding fathers of the United States were inspired by the philosophy.

George Washington was introduced to Stoicism by his neighbours at age seventeen, and later, put on a
play based on the life of Cato to inspire his men.
Thomas Jefferson kept a copy of Seneca beside his bed.

Writers and artists have also been inspired by the stoics.

Eugène Delacroix, the renowned French Romantic artist (known best for his painting Liberty Leading the
People) was an ardent Stoic, referring to it as his "consoling religion".

The economist Adam Smith's theories on capitalism were significantly influenced by the Stoicism that he
studied as a schoolboy, under a teacher who had translated Marcus Aurelius' works.

Today's political leaders are no different, with many finding their inspiration from the ancient texts.

Former US president Bill Clinton rereads Marcus Aurelius every single year, and many have compared
former President Obama's calm leadership style to that of Cato.

Wen Jiabao, the former prime minister of China, claims that Meditations is one of two books he travels
with and that he has read it more than one hundred times over the course of his life.

Stoicism had a profound influence on Albert Ellis, who invented Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, which is
used to help people manage their problems by changing the way that they think and behave.

It's most commonly used to treat depression.

The idea is that we can take control of our lives by challenging the irrational beliefs that create our faulty
thinking, symptoms and behaviours by using logic instead.

Stoicism has also become popular in the world of business.

Stoic principles can build the resilience and state of mind required to overcome setbacks because Stoics
teach turning obstacles into opportunity.

A lesson every business entrepreneur needs to learn.

I would argue that studying Stoicism is as relevant today as it was 2,000 years ago, thanks to its brilliant
insights into how to lead a good life.

At the very root of the thinking, there is a very simple way of living - control what you can and accept
what you can't.

This is not as easy as it sounds and will require considerable practice - it can take a lifetime to master.

The Stoics also believed the most important foundation for a good and happy life is not money, fame,
power or pleasure, but having a disciplined and principled character - something which seems to resonate
with many people today.
Answer key (đáp án và giải thích )

1 practical Xem full giải thích

2 publication Xem full giải thích

3 choices Xem full giải thích

4 negative Xem full giải thích

5 play Xem full giải thích

6 capitalism Xem full giải thích

7 depression Xem full giải thích

8 logic Xem full giải thích

9 opportunity Xem full giải thích

10 practice/practise Xem full giải thích

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