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12.2 Complex Formation

The document discusses the naming of metal complexes and ligands. It provides examples of common ligands and their prefixes used in naming complexes. Tables are included showing complexes with coordination numbers of 4 and 6. Methods of representing unpaired electrons in metal ions are also described.

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58 views37 pages

12.2 Complex Formation

The document discusses the naming of metal complexes and ligands. It provides examples of common ligands and their prefixes used in naming complexes. Tables are included showing complexes with coordination numbers of 4 and 6. Methods of representing unpaired electrons in metal ions are also described.

Uploaded by

goverotaropafadzwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ligand Name of ligand in complex

Ammonia Ammine-
Carbon monoxide Carbonyl-
Chloride ion Chloro-
Cyanide ion Cyano-
Ethane-1, 2 diamine Ethane-1, 2 diamine-
Hydroxide ion Hydroxo-
Water Aqua-
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Complex Name

[𝐶𝑢(𝐻2 𝑂)6 ]3+ Hexaaquacopper(III) ion


[𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁)6 ]4− Hexacyanoferrate(II) ion
(‘-ate’ used because the overall charge is negative
and the name is ‘ferrate’ not ‘ironate’.)

𝑁𝑖(𝐶𝑂)4 Tetracarbonyl nickel(0)


[𝐶𝑜𝐶𝑙2 (𝑁𝐻3 )4 ]+ Tetraaminedichlorocobalt(III) ion

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Fig 12.2.4: Complexes with coordination number of 6


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Fig 12.2.5: Complexes with coordination number of 4


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𝑩𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒀𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘
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[𝐶𝑢𝐶𝑙4 2− ]
𝑲𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃 =
[𝐶𝑢2+ ] × [𝐶𝑙− ]4

Note that:
a. [ ] means concentration
b. Concentration of water is ignored in the expression
c. [𝐶𝑢2+ ] represent [𝐶𝑢(𝐻2 𝑂)6 ]2+
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Ligand Formula of complex Stability constant

𝑪𝒍− [𝑪𝒖𝑪𝒍𝟒 ]𝟐− 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓

𝑵𝑯𝟑 [𝑪𝒖(𝑵𝑯𝟑 )𝟒 (𝑯𝟐 𝑶)𝟐 ]𝟐+ 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟑

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𝑬 = 𝒉𝒇
Where: h is the Planck’s constant
f is frequency
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Process Equation Catalyst
Haber process 𝑁2 + 3𝐻2 ⇌ 2𝑁𝐻3 𝐹𝑒
Contact process 2𝑆𝑂2 + 𝑂2 ⇌ 2𝑆𝑂3 𝑉2 𝑂5
Ostwald process 4𝑁𝐻3 + 5𝑂2 ⇌ 6𝐻2 𝑂 + 4𝑁𝑂 𝑃𝑡
Hydrogenation of 𝐶2 𝐻4 + 𝐻2 ⇌ 𝐶2 𝐻6 𝑁𝑖/𝑃𝑡
alkenes

Reduction of nitrogen 2𝐶𝑂 + 2𝑁𝑂 ⇌ 𝑁2 + 2𝐶𝑂2 𝑅ℎ


monoxide

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Ion 3d electrons Unpaired Relative
electrons paramagnetism
Sc3+ 0 0

Ti3+ ↑ 1 1

V3+ ↑ ↑ 2 2

Cr3+ ↑ ↑ ↑ 3 3

Mn2+ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 5 5

Fe3+ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 5 5

Fe2+ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 4 4

Co2+ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ 3 3

Ni2+ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ 2 2

Cu2+ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ 1 1

Zn2+ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 0 0
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↿⇂ ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿
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↿⇂ ↿ ↿ ↿ ↿

↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂

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