GITAM School of Business

GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam

MBA (A) 2022-24

Title of the Academic Project

A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

as a part of the fulfilment of the Course

SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYTICS

Submitted by
Submitted to
Dr. Y Thorani Course
A.Lonica – VP22MGMT0100009
Instructor, SCA
B.Navya – VP22MGMT0100030
Bhargav Reddy -
VP22MGMT100086
Manisha Naik – VP22MGMT0100353
 Table of Content

Particulars Page Number

Chapter-I – Introduction 5

Chapter-II – Review of Literature 7

Chapter-III – Research Design 15

Chapter-IV – Data Analysis 19

Chapter-V – Discussion and Conclusion 41

References 43

Appendix (Questionnaire) 44
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

No.
1 Age group 19
2 Gender 20
3 Place of respondents 21
4 Highest level of study 22
5 Current working status 23
6 Preference of work 24
7 Influence of past education on job 25
8 Reasons for change of job 25
9 Pie chart representing causes of unemployment 26
10 Pie chart representing help from unemployment 27
services
11 Graph representing percentage of unemployed 28
12 Graph representing effect of unemployment 29
13 Graph representing developing mental health issues 30
14 Graph representing issues faced by youth 31

15 Graph representing influence of machines 32

16 Graph representing effect of voluntary experience 33
17 Pie chart representing developing of sectors 34
18 Graph showing improvement in facilities 35
19 Graph showing influence of the help of government 36
20 Pie chart showing measures by government 37
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
No.
1 Age group 19
2 Gender 20
3 Place of respondents 21
4 Highest level of study 21
5 Current working status 22
6 Preference of work 23
7 Influence of past education on job 24
8 Reasons for change of job 25
9 Causes of unemployment 26
10 Help from unemployment service 27
11 Percentage of unemployed 27
12 Effect of unemployment on youth 28
13 Likelihood of developing mental health issues 29
14 Issues faced by youth 30

15 Influence of machines on employment 31

16 Effect of voluntary service on experience 32
17 Development of sectors 33
18 Improvement in facilities 34
19 Influence of the help of Government 35
20 Measures taken by the Government 36
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Not just in India, but throughout the entire world, unemployment is a very
serious problem. There are a great many people who are unemployed,
numbering in the hundreds of thousands. In addition, India's unemployment
issues are highly serious due to the country's expanding population and high
labour demand. Furthermore, if we ignore this issue, it will eventually lead to
the collapse of the country.

What do you mean by unemployment?

Unemployment refers to a situation in which a skilled and talented people
wanted to do a job. But cannot find a proper job due to several reasons.

Types of Unemployment
Included among the numerous forms of unemployment are structural
unemployment, open unemployment, technological unemployment, and
disguised unemployment. In addition, there are several different types of
unemployment, including cyclical unemployment, educated unemployment,
underemployment, frictional unemployment, chronic unemployment, and casual
unemployment.

Reasons for Unemployment

There are many reasons why a sizable portion of the population is unemployed
in a nation like India. Among these are reasons like population growth, sluggish
economic expansion, seasonal employment, sluggish economic sector growth,
and a decline in cottage industries.
These are also the main causes of unemployment in India. Additionally, the
situation has gotten so bad that even highly educated people are willing to work
as sweepers. In addition, the government is not seriously performing its duties.
In addition to all of these, a significant majority of the population works in the
agricultural sector, which only offers jobs during the harvest or plantation
seasons.
India's enormous population, which needs a lot of work every year but which
the government and authorities are unable to supply, is another major factor in
the country's high unemployment rate.

Consequences of Unemployment

If things continue as they are, unemployment will become a serious problem.

Aside from this, an economy also results in an increase in poverty, a rise in
crime, labour exploitation, political instability, mental health issues, and skill
erosion. All of this will ultimately end in the collapse of the country.

Support of Government

The issue has been taken extremely seriously by the government, and steps have
been done to gradually lower unemployment. Among these programmes are the
Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), the Drought Prone Area
Program (DPAP), the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, the Employment Assurance
Scheme, the Nehru Rozgar Yojana, the Training for Self-Employment Program,
the Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program
(PMIUPEP), the Employment Exchange, the Employment Guarantee Scheme,
the development of the organised sector.

Along with these programmes, the government also relaxes some regulations to
allow for the creation of jobs in the private sector.
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Research Objectives 1:

To identify the root causes of unemployment

Literature review

Some of the root causes of unemployment in India include:

• Slow financial development: In India, the speed of monetary development

is extremely sluggish. This sluggish development rate neglects to give sufficient
work potential open doors to the rising populace.

• Fast development in populace: Expansion in populace has been a gigantic

issue in India. It is one of the primary drivers of joblessness. The quantity of
jobless individuals in India has altogether expanded.

Extreme utilization of unfamiliar innovation: There is an absence of logical and

specialized research in India because of its significant expense. This has brought
about extreme utilization of unfamiliar innovation which has prompted
specialized joblessness in the country.

• Defective Business Arranging: The Long term Plans (FYPs) have not
been intended for work age. In these plans, it was expected that it would deal
with the issues connected with joblessness yet a genuine endeavor to tackle the
issue was absent.

• Absence of monetary assets: The extension and broadening project of

agrarian and limited scope enterprises have endured in view of absence of
monetary assets.

• Farming still an occasional occupation: Even after roughly 70 years of

Freedom, horticulture in India, actually doesn't approach sufficient water system
offices, delivering it to be an occasional occupation. Along these lines, the labor
force participated in cultivating exercises stay jobless for 3-4 months in a year.

• Rot of cabin and little enterprises - The bungalow and little ventures are
work escalated and produce various business valuable open doors. Yet, the
English rule prompted their rot and the public authority of free India didn't start
satisfactory measures for their restoration. This intensified the issue of
joblessness.

• Low reserve funds and speculation - In India, a low pace of capital

development wins because of low reserve funds and venture. Deficiency of
capital forestalls a business to extend and develop, subsequently restricting their
ability to create work.

• Versatility of work - In India, portability of work is very low. In view of

family commitments, social requirements, language and social boundaries,
individuals are reluctant to move to another spot when extended to an
employment opportunity there. This is likewise a reason for joblessness in India.

Research Objectives 2 :

To identify the impact of unemployment on youth

Youth joblessness can possibly have critical and serious social repercussions.
Youth joblessness can prompt social prohibition and turmoil. Putting resources
into nice work creation notwithstanding, as well as in schooling and preparing
open doors for the adolescent, will assist them with tracking down their place
and add to additional prosperous and stable social orders. As per a review, in the
following 10 years, one billion youngsters will enter the work market, and huge
quantities of youngsters face a fate of unpredictable and casual business.

Practically 90% of all youngsters live in non-industrial nations. Youth are

roughly multiple times bound to be jobless than grown-ups (2.7).
The Worldwide Work Association (ILO) assesses that the worldwide youth
joblessness rate is supposed to reach 13.1% in 2016 (71 million youngsters) and
stay at that level through to 2017 (up from 12.9% in 2015).

Plan Global reliably enlists a greater part of young ladies to take part in the
entirety of its Childhood Monetary Strengthening programs, and urge them to
work in contemporary areas. It likewise plans to change orientation standards
that keep young ladies down, by continuously implanting orientation
correspondence inside its preparation stages, and working with guardians,
networks and managers, so they become facilitators of young ladies' financial
strengthening. This empowers Plan Worldwide's Childhood Monetary
Strengthening projects to be really orientation extraordinary.

Youngsters follow preparation phases in fundamental delicate and hard abilities,

for example, profession guiding, fundamental abilities, and work and specialized
abilities. They are either prepared to be prepared to work in a particular area, or
to become business visionaries. Plan Worldwide then helps overcome any
barrier among preparing and work by supporting youngsters getting a new line
of work position or beginning their own endeavor.

Plan Global fostered a special way to deal with Youth Monetary Strengthening:
the Young Business Arrangements model, which follows a six stage process and
is adjusted to the nearby setting of each and every nation Plan Worldwide works
in.

Literature review

Research Objectives 3 :

To identify measures to reduce unemployment

Literature review
1) Utilization of Work escalated Innovation:

Both the coordinated and un-coordinated areas should take on work escalated
innovation on the off chance that adequate business open doors are to be created
in both the provincial and metropolitan areas of the economy. The decrease in
business flexibility of result development is basically because of the rising
pattern in capital force in the coordinated modern area as well as in farming.
Expanding automation of horticulture in different states has brought down the
business flexibility of development of agrarian result. In this manner, for raising
work power, reasonable financial and monetary measures should be taken on to
put the utilization of capital-escalated strategies down. Obviously, the
utilization of work escalated methods with lower efficiency of laborers in the
business and horticulture might bring down the development of result. Along
these lines, there may be same compromise among work and development of
result. In our view because of the earnestness of joblessness issue some result
development ought to be forfeited for greater business.
2) Speeding up Interest in Agribusiness:
Second, a significant justification behind sluggish development of work in
horticulture and rustic area has likewise been a deficiency in speculation or
capital development in farming. Both people in general and confidential area
interest in agribusiness has declined since the mid nineties. Critical from the
perspective of business age is interest in water system, country streets, flood
control projects, power age and other foundation.
It is significant that speculation creates business straightforwardly as well as has
a multiplier impact which works through in reverse and forward linkages.
Thusly, UPA government's Normal Least Program (CMP) which accommodates
moving forward of interest in farming and rustic frameworks is an
extraordinarily welcome step for business age.
The declaration by the public authority to outfit more credit to ranchers at lower
than market paces of revenue from business banks will likewise guarantee that
the little and medium ranchers will actually want to purchase manures, other
high-yielding information sources, and set up for their water system.
This will raise their efficiency and will more often than not diminish
under¬employment and camouflaged joblessness. Regardless of over fifty years
of arranged modern turn of events, farming keeps on being chief wellspring of
work in the Indian economy. However the portion of Gross domestic product
from horticulture has come down to around 22%, still around 58% of workforce
keeps on being utilized in agribusiness. As a matter of fact, farming keeps on
being the parking area of the jobless in the country.
Yet, a lot of people participated in horticulture and related exercises are not
gainfully business. There is far reaching under-work and masked jobless, truth
be told. Monetary changes started in 1991 have all around ignored farming
which even currently doesn't get sufficient credit from business banks.
No big surprise that there has been a fall in venture or capital development in
farming both by the private and public areas. This is a significant motivation
behind why business potential open doors in farming have not risen a lot
causing expansion in rustic joblessness. Presently, UPI (Joined Moderate
Coalition) government with Dr. Manmohan Singh as Top state leader, has set
before itself the errand of making significant interest in farming to produce
sufficient business valuable open doors in this area.
3) Broadening of Horticulture:
Other than there is pressing requirement for broadening of farming. For
instance, there is a dire requirement for a relative shift from developing of
yields to cultivation, vegetable creation, gardening, creature farming, fisheries
and so on which are more labour retaining and higher pay yielding. Moreover,
advancement of agro-handling businesses for send out purposes has an
enormous work potential.
For the fast development of business amazing open doors in agribusiness and
related areas and agro-handling enterprises, interest in framework including
water system, provincial peruses, power supply, and advancement of farming
business sectors are required.
4) Work Concentrated Modern Development:
For taking care of joblessness issue in the metropolitan regions, the coordinated
modern area should likewise retain an adequate number of laborers. The
disappointment of the coordinated modern area to create sufficient business
valuable open doors is because of the utilization of capital-serious advances
imported from abroad.
The propensity to utilize the higher capital-escalated innovation by the Indian
enterprises in the post change period has been heightened on the grounds that
they are attempting to further develop seriousness to confront rivalry from
imported items.
The other component answerable for the utilization of higher capital serious
innovations is the element value mutilations, for example, modest capital and
moderately higher wages of laborers who have solid worker's organizations.
Capital has become moderately modest because of different monetary
concessions, for example, liberal devaluation and speculation recompense and
low loan fees on acquired assets for venture. Resulting to the utilization of high
capital-serious innovations in our businesses the work efficiency has been
expanding while business has been developing at an agonizingly slow clip.
Hence, to energize the utilization of somewhat more work concentrated
advancements and consequently to create greater business open doors, financial
and money related concessions referenced above on utilization of capital should
be removed. For this situation there will undoubtedly be some deficiency of
laborers' efficiency. Hence, this will include some compromise among work and
result. In our view, since joblessness issue is intense and significantly harms
individuals' government assistance, some development of result merits
forfeiting for greater business open doors.
5) Administrations and Business Development:
The development of administrations in India has a huge business potential. In
1993-94 to 1999-2000, close to the development area the business versatility of
result development in administrations was higher and was assessed at around
0.50. Of unique notice are programming administrations and BPO (Business
Handling Rethinking) which have a ton of work potential, particularly for the
informed young people of the country.
Different administrations like money, protection, exchange, lodgings, and
eateries have likewise a great deal of work potential. Yet, something essential to
note is that development of these administrations is reliant upon modern and
horticultural development in the economy.
6) Instruction, Wellbeing and Work Age:
Finally, the development of training and medical care not just advances
gathering of human resources and in this manner adds to development of result,
it will likewise produce a reasonable setup of business open doors. More
schools, medical clinics, medical services facilities in the country and
metropolitan regions won't just make work during their development yet in
addition, and more significant, when they begin attempting to give training and
wellbeing administrations. Their working gives work to both the informed and
untalented people. Consequently, a higher designation of assets is expected to
be made for them in government spending plans and in our tentative
arrangements.
Research Objectives 4:
To make recommendations based on the findings of this research.
Literature review

Following are our recommendations:

1) The population should be controlled so that the number of new entrants to

the workforce can be reduced.
2) The education system of India needs to be reformed to address the
problem of unemployment. The emphasis of education should shift from
theory to practical.
3) Agricultural activities should be diversified into fisheries, cattle rearing,
horticulture, etc. to generate income and employment opportunities.
4) The government should take necessary steps to develop cottage and small
industries both in the rural and urban areas. These industries are labour
intensive and employ more labour, per unit of capital.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN

Introduction

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by

a researcher to conduct a study. The design allows researchers to sharpen the
research methods suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies for
success. Creating a research design explains the type of research (experimental,
survey research, correlational, semi-experimental, review) and its sub-type
(experimental design, research problem, descriptive case-study).

Research Design

Keeping in mind the research problem and the objectives of this particular
project, the types of research design that will be used are as follows:

● Descriptive Research Design: The goal of using a descriptive research

design is to describe a research topic. Descriptive research design can also
help you understand the "what," "where," "when" and "how" of the
research topic. In this project, we will be finding out about what factors
lead to unemployment, how it can be reduced, etc…
● Correlational Research Design: This is the kind of research design
which helps in understanding the relationship between two variables. In
this project, we will be finding out the relationship between
unemployment and its effect on the youth.
● Survey Research Design: Researchers also use the survey research
design frequently. This method can be used to directly gather information
from our sample population. Different types of survey research design
include interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, etc.. The type of survey
research design that will be used in this project is Questionnaire.
 Sampling Design

An established strategy for drawing a sample from a certain population is known

as a sample design. It refers to the method or process the researcher would use
while choosing the items for the sample. The process for determining the sample's
size, or the number of objects to include in the sample, is likewise a result of
sample design. Therefore, sample design is decided before data collection. The
researcher should select samples from among the many sample design techniques
that are trusted and appropriate for the research topic.

Target Population and Unit of analysis

The target population for this study is people in the age group 18 to 30, i.e., youth
and preferably people who graduated in the recent years from either their
undergraduate or post graduate degrees or both. Since the problem statement of
this project focusses on why majority of the youth are being unemployed, the unit
of analysis is the youth.

Sampling Method

Probability Sampling Method will be used in this project for sampling. This is a
method where the researches sets a certain selection criteria and randomly
chooses members from the population. This kind of population gives equal scope
for members to be a part of the sample. Probability Sampling is further divided
into Simple Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, Systematic Sampling,
Stratified Random Sampling. Cluster Sampling is going to be used for this
research project where the responses are divided into various clusters and
analysed accordingly.
 Data types

Primary Data:

Primary data is the kind of data that is collected first hand by the researcher. It
can be collected through various sources like interviews, questionnaires, etc.. that
are specially designed to derive solutions for a specific research problem.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data is the kind of data that is taken from pre existing sources. This is
the data that is generated by large institutions like Government, Multinational
companies, etc.. which can be used for research purposes.

Data collection methods

Data can be collected through various methods based on the research problem.
Some methods of data collection include surveys, interviews, observation,
questionnaire, focus groups. Based on the research problem for this project, the
chosen data collection technique is Questionnaire where a set of questions will
be circulated via a Google Form and the responses are recorded and carefully
analysed.

For Primary data:

Primary data for this project will be collected from the responses to the questions
in the questionnaire that is being circulated. The collected data will be studied
and analysed based on the research problem.

For Secondary Data:

Secondary data for this project will be collected from various online sources like
journals, e-magazines, websites, etc.. based on the requirement and the research
problem.
Execution of questionnaire

The questionnaire has been carefully prepared keeping in mind the research
objectives and the research problem. The questionnaire is prepared using Google
Forms since it is one of the simplest ways to prepare and circulate a questionnaire
and also facilitates in easy collection data and analysis. The duration of data
collection would be one week and the questionnaire will be circulated to everyone
in the social groups of the group members via each group member’s individual
social media handles like WhatsApp, Gmail, etc..
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
1) Which age group do you fall under?

frequenc percentag
Age group y e
less than 20 17 21.2
21-25 65 72.9
26-30 4 5.9
more than 30 0 0

Age Group

150

100

50

0
less than 20 21-25 26-30 more than 30

frequency percentage

G1

INTERPRETATION

From the above figure and table, it is observed that majority of the respondents, i.e.,
62 respondents (72.9%) belong to the age group 21-25. So, it is observed that fresh
graduates or candidates who are about to enter the corporate industry have taken this
survey.

2. What is your gender?

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 53 60
 female 32 38.8
prefer not to say 1 1.2

Gender
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
male female prefer not to say

frequency percentage

Graph 2

INTERPRETATION
The above figure and table shows the statistics of the gender of the
respondents. It is observed that 60% of the respondents (51 respondents) are
male whereas the remaining are female. This shows that the number of male
respondents are more than the female respondents.
 Graph 3

INTERPRETATION
Since this is an open ended and an optional
question, only 72 out of 85 respondents
chose to respond. From the above figure,
33.3% of the respondents (24 respondents)
are from Visakhapatnam, making it the
highest.

4. What is your highest level of study?

Highest level of study Frequency Percentage

+2 5 5.9
Undergraduate 40 50.6
Postgraduate 35 42.4
Ph.D 1 1.1
 Highest Level of Study
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
plus 2 undergraduate postgraduate ph.d

Series1 Series2

Graph 4

INTERPRETATION

The above figure represents the highest level of study of the respondents. It is
observed that majority of the respondents have finished their under graduation
degrees. This shows that a major part of the youth look forward to enter into the
corporate industry as soon as they finish their under graduation.

5.What is your current working status?

Working Status Frequency Percentage

Unemployed 76
Employed 10

Table 5
 Current Working Status
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
frequency percentage

unemployed employed

Graph 5

INTERPRETATION

From the above table and figure, it was observed that 88.2% of the respondents are
unemployed and looking for a job or on thoughts of various other options. This question
hence justifies the target group that was selected for this research study.

6. If you are unemployed, what do you wish to

do?

Option Frequency Percentage

Job 52 63.50%
Own business 34 36.50%

Table 6
 Chart Title
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
frequency percentage

job own business

Graph 6

INTERPRETATION

The above table and figure show the preference of unemployed people. It is
observed that there is a close gap between respondents wanting to choose to
do a job and to start their own business.

7. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think your past education is useful

in getting a job? (1-not useful, 5-very useful)

Frequency Percentage
6 7.1%
5 7.1%
22 32.1%
20 25%
33 28.6%

Table 7
35 33

30

25
22
20
20
Frequency
15 Percentage

10
6
5
5
7.1% 7.1% 32.1% 25% 28.6%
0
1 2 3 4 5

Graph 7

INTERPRETATION
The above table and figure shows how past education helps the
candidate in pursuing a job. From the above figure it shows that
32.1% of respondents believe that past education play important
role in one's job role.

Graph 8
INTERPRETATION
From the figure shown above, it was observed that some
respondants felt that higher pay is one reason to change a job,
some respondants responded that better working conditions can
influence ones decision of changing a job, some responded to
better career prospects and some responded that combined work
and family prospects and dissatisfaction can be some important
reasons to change a job.

9. What causes unemployment?

Option Frequency Percentage
Economic resission 25 29.4%
Increased birth rate 18 21.2%
Increasing technology 30 35.3%
Illeteracy 12 14.1%
Table 9

Percentage

14.1%
29.4% 1
2
3
35.3%
4
21.2%

Graph 9

INTERPRETATION
The above table and figure shows that the cause of unemployment
is because of an increase in technology which statistically says
35.3%.
 10. Have you received any advice or help from employment services?
Frequenc Percentag
Option y e
None 41 50.6%
Advice on how to search a job 11 13.6%
Information on vacancies 13 16.0%
Guidance on education 16 19.8%
Table 10

Percentage

19.8%

1
2
16.0% 50.6% 3
4

13.6%

Graph 10

INTERPRETATION
The above table and figure shows that the 50.6% respondents
agree and did not receive any advice from employment services.
11. Are there unemployed youth in your community?

Percent
Unemployed youth in your community Frequency age

Yes 68 81.90%
No 15 18.10%

Total 83 100
Table 11
 Chart Title

100
83
68

81.90% 15 18.10%

YES NO TOTAL
Frequency Percentage

Graph 11

INTERPRETATION

The above table and figure shows that 81.90% of youth are unemployed in the
community.

12. What effect does unemployment

have
on the mental health of youth?

Effect of unemployment on mental Frequenc Percentag

health y e

Anxiety 7 8.40%
Depression 43 51.80%
Loss of emotional control 29 34.90%
Suicidal tendencies 4 4.90%
83 100

Table 11
 Chart Title

100
83

43
29
0 78.40% 0 51.80% 0 34.90% 0 44.90%

1 2 3 4 5 6

effect of unemployment on mental health Frequency Percentage

Graph 12

INTERPRETATION

The above table and figure shows that 51.80% of unemployed youth go through
depression due to unemployment.

13. How likely are the youth to develop

mental health issues due to unemployment?

Youth to develop mental health issues Frequency Percentage

Highly unlikely 5 6%
Unlikely 9 10.80%
Somewhat 22 26.50%
Likely 23 27.70%
Most likely 24 28.90%

Table 13
 Chart Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
Highly unlikelyUnlikely Somewhat Likely Most likely

Frequency Percentage

Graph 13

INTERPRETATION

The above table and figure shows that 28.90% of youth are most likely to
develop mental and health issues because of unemployment.

14. Rank the issues faced by the youth

due to
Unemployment.

Issues faced by Youth due to unemployment Frequency(scale 1to 5)

Low career development opportunities 18

6
24
24
14

High Competition 10
11
27
20
25

Social pressure 10
10
20
 23
20

Low self esteem 10

10
24
21
24

Table 14

Chart Title
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Frequency(scale 1to 5) 0

Graph 14

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows the different issues faced by the youth due to
unemployment on a rating scale. Majority of the respondents have strongly
agreed that high competition and low self esteem are the issues faced by the
youth due to unemployment.

15. Do you think human labour should

be replaced by machines?

Frequenc Percentag
Human labour be replaced by machines y e

Yes 28 67.10%
No 55 32.90%

Total 83 100%

Table 15

Chart Title
100

80

60

40

20

0
YES NO TOTAL

Frequency Percentage

Graph 15

INTERPRETATION
From the above figure and table, it was observed that 67.1%
of the respondents (57 respondents) disagree to the
statement that humans should be replaced by machines.

16. Do you agree that youth should do voluntary activities to gain

experience?
Option Frequency Percentage
Strongly Disagree (1) 1 1.20%
Disagree (2) 6 7.20%
Neutral (3) 18 21.70%
Agree (4) 26 31.30%
Strongly Agree (5) 33 38.60%
Table 16
 Voluntary Activities

50.00%
38.60%
40.00%
31.30%
Percentage

30.00%
21.70%
20.00%

10.00% 7.20%
1.20%
0.00%
1 2 3 4 5
Frequency

Graph 16

INTERPRETATION
From the above figure, it was observed that 38.6% of the
respondants agree to the fact that the youth should perform
voluntary activities in prior to gain experience. To conclude, the
respondants are in favour of the given statement.

17. Which sector should be developed primarily for the rise of

employment?

Options Frequency Percentage

Education Sector 15 17.60%
Health Sector 6 7.10%
Agriculture Sector 9 10.60%
All of the above 55 64.70%

Table 17
 Development Sectors

17.60%
1
7.10% 2

10.60% 3
64.70% 4

Graph 17

INTERPRETATION
From the figure shown, it was observed that 64.7% of the
respondents felt that all the mentioned sectors, i.e., Agriculture,
health and education sectors should be improved to increase the
generation of employment.

18. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think the below facilities

should be improved?
Frequenc
Options y
Irrigation 10
10
28
16
22
Technology 5
16
16
25
23
Industrial
Growth 9
8
24
20
25

Table 18
INTERPRETATION: From the figure shown below, it was observed that some respondants felt that the
irrigation facilities should be developed, some respondants responded that advancements should be
made in technology and some responded that there should be rapid industrial growth, in order to reduce
unemployment.

Graph 18

19. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think that the Government is helping to
reduce unemployment?

Option Frequency Percentage

Least helpful (1) 9 11.10%
Somewhat helpful (2) 18 22.20%
Neutral (3) 24 29.60%
Helpful (4) 18 22.20%
Very helpful (5) 12 14.80%

Table 19
 Government Support
35.00%
29.60%
30.00%

25.00% 22.20% 22.20%

20.00%
14.80%
15.00%
11.10%
10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
1 2 3 4 5

Graph 19

INTERPRETATION
From the figure shown, it is observed that 29.6% of the respondants were neutral
about the Government's support towards reducing unemployment. This shows
that the respondents wish to see more support from the Government towards
reducing unemployment and providing a platform for the youth to start their
professional careers.

20. What can the Government do to reduce unemployment?

Frequenc
Options y Percentage
Encourage startups 10 11.80%
Proper economic planning 2 5.80%
Availability of Resources 7 8.20%
Skill development programmes 9 7.10%
All of the above 58 67.10%

Table 20
 How to reduce unemployment?

11.80% 5.80%

8.20%

7.10%
67.10%

Graph 20

INTERPRETATION
From the given figure, it is observed that 67.1% of the respondants feel that all
the mentioned methods, i.e., encouraging startups, proper economic planning,
availability of resources, conducting skill development programs are required to
reduce unemployment.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Variable
Variable 1 2
Mean 3.341176471 3.6
1.38571
Variance 0.417927171 4
Observations 85 85
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0
df 130
t Stat -1.776798232
P(T<=t) one-tail 0.038970129
t Critical one-tail 1.656659413
P(T<=t) two-tail 0.077940259
t Critical two-tail 1.978380405

HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant relationship between influence of past
education on getting a job and highest level of study.
H1: There is a significant relationship between influence of past
education on getting a job and highest level of study.
INTERPRETATION
After performing t-test on the responses, the p-value is 0.077. Since the
p-value is less than value of significance (0.5), null hypothesis is
accepted. Hence, there is no significant relationship between influence
of past education on getting a job and highest level of study.
z-Test: Two Sample for Means

Variable Variable
1 2
1.84523 1.88095
Mean 8 2
Known Variance 50 30
Observations 84 84
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
Z -0.0366
0.48540
P(Z<=z) one-tail 3
1.64485
z Critical one-tail 4
0.97080
P(Z<=z) two-tail 7
1.95996
z Critical two-tail 4

HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant relationship between age and working status.
H1: There is a significant relationship between age and working status.

INTERPRETATION
After performing z-test on the responses, the p-value is 0.97. Since the p-
value is greater than the value of significance (0.5), null hypothesis is rejected.
Hence, there is a significant relationship between age and working status.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS TEST
Column1 Column2

2.33333333 3.01176
Mean 3 Mean 5
0.11528772 0.13336
Standard Error 8 Standard Error 2
Median 2 Median 3
Mode 3 Mode 3
1.05662948 1.22953
Standard Deviation 3 Standard Deviation 8
1.11646586 1.51176
Sample Variance 3 Sample Variance 5
-
1.26669767
Kurtosis 9 Kurtosis -0.8631
 0.04417334
Skewness 2 Skewness 0.17393
Range 3 Range 4
Minimum 1 Minimum 1
Maximum 4 Maximum 5
Sum 196 Sum 256
Count 84 Count 85

HYPOTHESIS

H0: There is no significant relationship between causes of

unemployment and Government’s support to reduce unemployment.
H1: There is a significant relationship between causes of unemployment
and Government’s support to reduce unemployment.

Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

Averag
SUMMARY Count Sum e Variance
Row 1 2 32 16 8
Row 2 2 19 9.5 24.5
Row 3 2 43 21.5 12.5
Row 4 2 38 19 50
Row 5 2 39 19.5 60.5
Row 6 2 20 10 0
Row 7 2 26 13 8
Row 8 2 48 24 18
Row 9 2 34 17 18
Row 10 2 48 24 2
Row 11 2 21 10.5 0.5
Row 12 2 19 9.5 0.5
Row 13 2 48 24 2
Row 14 2 36 18 8
Row 15 2 44 22 8
Row 16 2 20 10 0
Row 17 2 26 13 18
Row 18 2 42 21 18
Row 19 2 35 17.5 24.5
Row 20 2 51 25.5 4.5

31.0421
Column 1 20 338 16.9 1
44.4710
Column 2 20 351 17.55 5

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS Df MS F P-value F crit
1153.47 60.7092 0.00173 2.16825
Rows 5 19 1 4.10088 1 2
 0.28539 0.59938
Columns 4.225 1 4.225 7 1 4.38075
14.8039
Error 281.275 19 5

1438.97 0.60111
Total 5 39 2

HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant relationship between reasons to change job
and issues faced by youth due to unemployment.
H1: There is a significant relationship between reasons to change job
and issues faced by youth due to unemployment.

INTERPRETATION
After performing ANOVA Two Factor without Replication, the p-value is
0.60. Since the p-value is greater than the value of significance (0.5),
null hypothesis is rejected and there is no relationship between reasons
to change a job and issues faced by youth due to unemployment.

REGRESSION
 CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

After performing descriptive statistics and inferential statistics on the

data collected, it was observed that majority of the respondents
belonged to the age group of 21 to 25, which was our target age
group. The number of male respondents was high compared to female
respondents and majority of the respondents belong to
Visakhapatnam. Most of the respondents were Undergraduates who
are looking for a job. The employment status of the respondents was
mostly unemployed. Some of the respondents who had jobs stated that
some of the reasons that may lead to changing of jobs can be higher
salary packages from other companies, dissatisfaction of work and
unhealthy working conditions in the present company. The
respondents have felt that past education is very essential in getting a
job in today’s competitive world. One of the main objective of the
study, i.e., the effect of unemployment on the mental health of the
youth has been achieved. The respondents felt that unemployment can
lead to depression and loss of emotional balance. They felt that some
factors that can affect their mental health include societal pressure and
low self-esteem. In this study, the respondents feel that machines
should not be replaced by human labour since it reduces the chances
of employment for human labour. This study also addressed another
issue, i.e., the Government’s support towards reducing unemployment
and the sectors that can be developed to increase employment
opportunities. The respondents felt that the Government is supporting
but not to the maximum and felt the strong need of more support from
the Government towards the reduction of unemployment and creation
of employment opportunities to youth. The respondents felt that
agriculture, health, education and all the sectors related to youth and
employment should be improved. The respondents suggested that the
Government can encourage Startups, improve its economic planning,
increase the availability of technological resources, conducting skill
development programmes can help the country in generating more
employment.

To conclude, the Government should take into consideration all the

key factors that cause unemployment and work on them towards
creating a platform of infinite opportunities to the youth.
 REFERENCES
● Primary data for this study has been collected by circulating a
questionnaire within the respondents.
● Secondary data for literature review and introduction was
collected from various textbooks and journals:
▪ Research Design and Methods by Robert K Yin.
▪ Business Research Methods: An applied orientation by
Sanjay Mohanpatra.
▪ https://www.hilarispublisher.com/arts-and-social-
sciences-journal.html
 APPENDIX
Given below is the questionnaire that was used to gather primary data
for this study:
1. Which age group do you fall under?
(a) Less than 20
(b) 21 – 25
(c) 26 – 30
(d) More than 30
2. What is your gender?
(a) Male
(b) Female
(c) Prefer not to say
3. Which place do you belong to?
4. What is your highest level of study?
(a) +2
(b) Undergraduation
(c) Post Graduation
(d) PhD
5. What is your current working status?
(a) Employed
(b) Unemployed
6. If you are unemployed, what do you wish to do?
(a) Own business
(b) Job
7. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think your past education is useful
in getting a job? (1-not useful, 5-very useful)

Not useful Somewhat Neutral Useful Very useful

(1) useful (3) (4) (5)
(2)
o o o o o

8. If employed, what is the most important reason to change your job?

(Rank in order of preference.)
1 2 3 4 5
Higher pay o o o o o
Better working o o o o o
conditions
Better career o o o o o
prospects
Combine work o o o o o
and family
prospects
Dissatisfaction o o o o o
9. What causes unemployment?
(a) Economic Recession
(b) Increased Birth Rate
(c) Increasing Technology
(d) Illiteracy
10. Have you received any advice or help from employment services?
(a) None
(b) Advice on how to search a job
(c) Information on vacancies
(d) Guidance on education and training opportunities
11.Are they unemployed youth in your community?
(a) Yes
(b) No
12. What effect does unemployment have on the mental health of youth?
(a) Anxiety
(b) Depression
(c) Loss of emotional control
(d) Suicidal Tendencies
13. How likely are the youth to develop mental health issues due to
unemployment?
Highly Unlikely Neutral Likely Most likely
Unlikely (2) (3) (4) (5)
(1)
o o o o o

14. Rank the issues faced by youth due to unemployment.

1 2 3 4 5
Low career o o o o o
development
opportunities
High o o o o o
competition
Societal o o o o o
pressure
Low self o o o o o
esteem

15. Do you think human labour should be replaced by machines?

(a) Yes
(b) No
16. Do you agree that youth should do voluntary activities to gain
experience?
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree (2) (3) (4) Agree (5)
(1)
o o o o o

17. Which sector should be developed primarily for the rise of employment?
(a) Education Sector
(b) Health Sector
(c) Agriculture Sector
(d) All of the above
18. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think the below facilities should
be improved?
1 2 3 4 5
Irrigation o o o o o
facilities
Technolog o o o o o
y
Industrial o o o o o
Growth

19. On a scale of 1 to 5, how much do you think that the Government is

helping to reduce unemployment?
Least helpful Somewhat Neutral Helpful Very helpful
(1) helpful (3) (4) (5)
(2)
o o o o o

20. What can the Government do to reduce unemployment?

 (a) Encouraging Startups
(b) Proper Economic Planning
(c) Availability of Resources
(d) Skill Development Programmes
(e) All of the above

The link of the Google Form created for this questionnaire is given
below:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/17byz31KoMKN9b5AILFYQwHJK
YfiRssb19iX_IMG2Z7U/edit?usp=drivesdk