REVIEWER IN EAPP
ACADEMIC TEXT- is defined as critical, objective, specialized texts written by experts or professionals in a given
field using formal language.
Features of Academic Writing
1. Formality- adheres to the set standards acceptable in the academic and professional community.
2. Objectivity- the writer avoids expressing personal opinions about the subject matter and resorts to facts
in presenting evidence.
3.Structure- coherence and logical sequence of the ideas and information.
4.Precision- In academic writing, facts and figures are given precisely.
5.Explicitness- Explain what you intend to achieve.
6.Accuracy – Academic writing uses vocabulary and statistics accurately that conform to the correct value
or standard.
7. Hedging-writer makes decisions about his/her stance on a particular subject.
8. Responsibility -writer must be responsible for demonstrating and understanding of any source text used
9. Organization – Academic writing is well-organized where the ideas are presented in a logical manner.
TEXT STRUCTURE - refers to the way an author arranges information in his writing
Types of Text Structure
1. Chronological – discussing things in order
2. Cause and Effect- explaining a cause and its result
3. Problem and Solution – presenting a problem and offering a solution
4. Compare and Contrast – discussing similarities and differences
5. Classification-Division- soring information into topics and categories
THESIS STATEMENT – the basic stand that an author takes, the opinion that he expresses, and the major point that
he wishes to make about his subject, It contains the controlling idea of the essay, and therefore, gives direction
and the unity to all the separate elements of the writing.
Parts of a Thesis Statement
Topic- what is being talked about.
Claim – the author’s main opinion or assertion about the topic.
Reason/s – details to support the claim
TOPIC SENTENCE- contains the dominating idea of the paragraph which gives unity to the paragraph by
developing one major point presented in the thesis. Thus, all the topic sentences in the paper are directed to the
thesis. It is usually the first sentence of the paragraph but sometimes is placed in any other position of the
paragraph.
Parts of a Topic Sentence
Topic- what is being talked about
Keyword/s- details that usually reflect the writer’s opinion.
LITERARY CRITICISM THEORIES
Formalism - focuses on the structure of the material.
Reader-Response- focuses on the reader’s experience and evidence from the text
Marxism - focuses on the different class struggles presented in the material.
Feminism- focuses on how women were portrayed in the material.
CONCEPT PAPER – defines an ide or a concept and explains its essence in order to clarify the “whatness” of that
idea or concept.
* THE ART OF DEFINING
FORMAL DEFINITION – term+genus+differentia
EXTENDED DEFINIITON
Definition by Analysis – breaking down wholes into parts, aspects into levels, and a process into steps
Definition by Etymology – the history of a word or phrase shown by tracing its development and rel.
Definition by Contrast – great difference between two or more things
Definition by Example – something which represents or is typical or a particular group of things
Definition by Metaphor – figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by
mentioning another
* THE ART OF EXPLAINING A CONCEPT
Definition – a method of identifying a given term and making its meaning clearer.
Formal- explains a term to be defined, category, and details.
Informal- done through a parenthetical or brief explanation
Extended- a detailed way of defining a term.
Explication- a method of explanation in which sentences, verses, etc. are taken from a literary or
academic work and then interpreted and explained in a detailed way.
Clarification- a method of explanation in which the points are organized from a general abstract idea to
specific and concrete examples.
SUMMARIZING – significantly shorter than the original text and take a broad overview of the source material.
Idea Heading Format – the summarized idea comes before the citation
Author Heading Formal- the summarized idea comes after the citation and the author’s name
Date Heading Format- the summarized idea comes after the date of its publication
PARAPHRASING- own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a
new form
CRITIQUE PAPER - papers that assess or evaluate the merits of a piece of work
Content and Structure of the Critique
Accurate- it provides an accurate description of the work being evaluated by giving its summary and/or
background details, like answers to basic reporter questions of who, what, when ,where, and why.
Evaluate- it gives the writer’s overall judgment convincing by giving three or more supporting
evaluations of selected analytical elements of the work being evaluated.
Balanced- the writer shows balance by pointing out weaknesses of a work, if the overall judgment is
positive, or the other way around, by recognizing strong points of a work for which the overall
judgment is negative.
VARIOUS KINDS OF CONCEPT PAPER
a. Business Proposal
b. Bill
c. Project Proposal
d. Research Paper
FIELD OF DISCIPLINES
a. Arts / Culture
b. Business
c. Law
d. Philosophy
e. Sports
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