A SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT ON TRAINING AND DEVLOPMENT IN RELIANCE MONEY

Project Report Submitted By:VIPIN KUMAR DOGRA

Submitted in Partial Full fillment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of MBA MASTER OF BUSSINESS ADMINISTRATION, AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Government Of India, New Delhi

SRI GURU RAM RAI INSITUTE OF TECHNLOGY AND SCIENCES PATEL NAGAR, DEHRADUN (U.K)

DECLARATION

I the under sign hereby declare that the project report entitled Training and Development written and submitted by me to SGRRITS PATAL NAGAR DEHRAUN in partial ful fillment of the requirement for the award of MBA under the guidance of my mentor, my guide .. and . is my original work and the conclusion drawn there in are based on the material collected by myself. I hereby declare also this study has not been permitted by me to publish anywhere. Place:

Date:

CERTIFICATE BY THE INSTITUTE

This is to certify that Mr. VIPIN KUMAR DOGRA the student of MBA has worked on summer project titled Training and Development in DEHRADUN after semester II in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the Program. This is her original work to the best of my knowledge.

Date:

Directors Signature:

Seal:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take the opportunity to express our gratitude to all the concerned people who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project. I extend my sincere gratitude towards Reliance Money for providing the opportunity and resources to work on this project. I am extremely grateful to Mr. MANOJ KUMAR my mentor in Reliance for her guidance and invaluable advice during the projects. Also to my guide, whose insight encouraged me to go beyond the scope of the project and this broadened me learning on this project .I also want to show my gratitude to .. whose insight helped me to complete this project.

PREFACE

The global economy of the day has endangered the survival of every organization and in particular those

who want to have a competitive edge over the others. The competitive edge may be a distant dream in the absence of Superior Quality Products which otherwise is the function of well-trained employees. Today resources are scarce and have to be used carefully and trainers of all kinds are required to justify their position and account for their activities. Training activities, which are ill directed and inadequately focused, do not serve the purpose of the trainers. The trainees or the organization hence identification of training needs becomes the top priority of every progressive organization. Identification of training needs, if done properly, provides the basis on which all other training activities can be considered and will lead to multi skilling, fitting people to take extra responsibilities increasing all round competence and preparing people to take on higher level responsibility in future.

CONTENTS TOPIC

CHAPTER 1: (i)Introduction (ii)Scope and Objectives (iii)Executive Summary

CHAPTER 2: (i)Introduction to Reliance (ii)About the project (iii)Training and Development (iv)Importance of Training (v)Objectives of Training

CHAPTER 3: (i)Learning and Training (ii)Training inputs (iii)Benefits of training (iv)Methods of training (v)Training Design

(vi)Training method used in Reliance

CHAPTER 4: (i)Methodology of the project (ii)Data interpretation and analysis (iii)Findings (iv)Questionnaire

CHAPTER 5: (i)Limitations (ii)Suggestions (iii) Conclusion CHAPTER 6: (i)Bibliography

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Employee training tries to improve skills, or add to the existing level of knowledge sothat employee is better equipped to do his present job, or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. However individual growth is not and ends in itself. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth. Training refers to the teaching /learning activities done for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities, and attitude needed by that organization to acquire and apply the same. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. In todays scenario change is the order of the day and the only way to deal with it is to learn and grow. Employees have become central to success or failure of an organization they are the cornucopia of ideas. So it high time the organization realize that train and retain is the mantra of new millennium.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers in depth, the various training practices, modules, formats being followed and is limited to the company Reliance Money and

its employees. The different training programmes incorporated/facilitated in Reliance Money through its faculties, outside agencies or professional groups. It also judges the enhancement of the knowledge & skills of employees and feedback on its effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The broad objective of the study of training policies in Reliance Money is to study the impact of training on the overall skill development of workers. The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To examine the effectiveness of training in overall development of skills of workforce. 2. To examine the impact of training on the workers. 3. To study the changes in behavioral pattern due to training. 4. To measure the differential change in output due to training 5. To compare the cost effectiveness in implanting training programmes.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Every organization needs to have well trained and experienced people to perform the activities that have to be done. If current or potential job occupants can meet this requirement, training is not important. When this not the case, it is necessary to raise the skill levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of employees. It is being increasing common for individual to change careers several times during their working lives. The probability of any young person learning a job to day and having those skills go basically unchanged during the forty or so years if his career is extremely unlikely, may be even impossible. In a rapid changing society employee training is not only an activity that is desirable but also an activity that an organization must commit resources to if it is to maintain a viable and knowledgeable work force. The entire project talks about the training and development in theoretical as well as new concepts, which are in trend now. Here we have discussed what would be the input of training if we ever go for and how can it be good to any organization in reaping the benefits from the money invested in terms like (ROI) i.e. return on investment. What are the ways we can identify the training need of any employee and how to know what kind of training he can go for? Training being covered in different aspect likes integrating it with organizational culture. The be stand latest available trends in training method, the benefits which we can derive out of it. How the evaluation should be done and how effective is the training all together. Some of the companies

practicing training in unique manner a lesson for other to follow as to how to train and retain the best resource in the world to reap the best out of it. Development is integral part of training if some body is trained properly and efficiently the developments of that individual and the company for whom he is working. Here we discussed about development of employee, how to identify the needs, and after developing how to develop executive skill to sharpen there knowledge. Learning should be the continuous process and one should not hesitate to learn any stage. Learning and developing is fast and easy at Reliance Money.

CHAPTER-2

Introduction to Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group

The Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group is among Indias top three private sector business houses on all major financial parameters, with a group market capitalization of Rs 200,000 crore (US$ 50 billion), and net worth to the tune of Rs 58,000 crore (US$ 13Billion) Across different companies, the group has a customer base of over 150 million, the largest in India, and a shareholder base of over 12 million, among the largest in the World. Through its products and services, the

Reliance - ADA Group touches the life of 1 in 8Indians every single day. It has a business presence that extends to over 5000 towns and Cities in India, and served by 12,000 distribution outlets, 500,000 business partners and30,000 strong motivated workforce. The interests of the Group range from communications (Reliance Communications) and Financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd), to generation, transmission and distribution of Power (Reliance Energy), infrastructure, media and entertainment.

Introduction to Reliance Money Reliance Money provides investors with the facility of anytime-anywhere online trading in all major asset classes, namely: Equities, Equities and Commodity derivatives IPOs, Mutual Funds Life and General Insurance products Foreign exchange derivatives Money transfer, Money changing, Precious metal retailing Credit Cards Loans

Wealth Management products Network of kiosks have been set up across the country to facilitate the above trading activities Reliance Money provides entire commodity related services such as broking distribution and warehouse receipt financing Expanded its presence to 20,000 touch points. It has 10,000 outlets across 5,000 towns and cities across India. Currently 2200+ employees across 162 locations spread across the country. The Corporate Office at Worli, Mumbai has approx 350 people belonging to these various functions Acquired 2.5 million customers Accounts for daily traded volumes of over Rs 2,000 crore ( US$ 454 million ), or 3-4 % of the average daily volume of transactions logged on the stock exchanges Among the Top 3 private sector companies in financial services sector Moved into International arena- West Asia, South East Asia, Africa and Europe.

Our Mission.

. is to attract, nurture & retain a team of competitive, growth oriented talent who: consistently deliver share-holder returns of 20%+ year-on-year are responsive to Employee Needs & achieving an employee satisfaction index of 90%+ and are committed to making Reliance Capital among the top 3 Best Employers to work for in India through Transparent & Robust HR processes.

Our Chairmans Vision

We live in a world where the young are reaching higher, dreaming bigger and demanding more; a world that is challenging the limits of hope and possibility. Nowhere is this more strikingly visible than in India a country that wakes up every morning a little younger in age, but infinitely more ambitious in spirit.

About The Project

The duration of my project was of two months during these two months I did many things regarding my project as I was also the part of operations I also understands

how the operations department works at Reliance money. How the shares of the client are kept in electronic form in the clients account and how it is dematerialized by operations department at Reliance money.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

It is a subsystem of an organization. It ensures that randomness is reduced and learning or behavioral change takes place in structured format.

TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACH OF TRAINING ANDDEVLOPMENT

Traditional Approach Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training. They were holding the traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were also some views that training is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to believe more in executive pinching. But now the scenario seems to be changing.

The modern approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have realized the importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of retention tool than a cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been changed to create a smarter workforce and yield the best results.

TRAINING DEFINED

It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, , rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. Training is activity leading to skilled behavior Its not what you want in life, but its knowing how to reach it Its not where you want to go, but its knowing how to get there Its not how high you want to rise, but its knowing how to take off It may not be quite the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an outcome Its not what you dream of doing, but its having the knowledge to do it Its not a set of goals, but its more like a vision Its not the goal you set, but its what you need to achieve it Training is about knowing where you stand (no matter how good or bad the current. situation looks) at present, and where you will be after some point of time. Training is about the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) through professional development.

Importance of Training and Development Optimum Utilization of Human Resources Training and Development helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve the organizational goals as well as their individual goals . Development of Human Resources Training and Development helps to provide an opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources technical and behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal growth. Development of skills of employees Training and Development helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees. Productivity Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal Team spirit Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and interteam collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn with in the employees

 Organization Culture Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization . Organization Climate Training and Development helps building the positive perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers. Quality Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and work-life . Healthy work-environment Training and Development helps in creating the healthy working environment. It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal. Health and Safety Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence . Morale Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force . Image Training and Development helps in creating a better corporate image . Profitability Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. Training and Development aids in organizational development i.e. Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies . Training and Development helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES The principal objective of training and development division is to make sure the availability of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization. In addition to that, there are four other objectives: Individual, Organizational, Functional, and Societal. Individual Objectives help employees in achieving their personal goals, which in turn ,enhances the individual contribution to an organization. Organizational Objectives assist the organization with its primary objective by bringing individual effectiveness. Functional Objectives maintain the departments contribution at a level suitable to the organizations needs. Societal Objectives ensure that an organization is ethically and socially responsible to the needs and challenges of the society. Importance of Training Objectives Training objective is one of the most important parts of training program. While some people think of training objective as a waste of valuable time. The counterargument here is that resources are always limited and the training objectives actually lead the design of training. It provides the clear guidelines and develops the training program in less time because objectives focus specifically on needs. It helps in adhering to a plan. Training objectives tell the trainee that what is expected

out of him at the end of the training program. Training objectives are of great significance from a number of stake holder 1. Trainer 2. Trainee 3. Designer 4. Evaluator Trainer The training objective is also beneficial to trainer because it helps the trainer to measure the progress of trainees and make the required adjustments. Also, trainer comes in a position to establish a relationship between objectives and particular segments of training. Trainee The training objective is beneficial to the trainee because it helps in reducing the anxiety of the trainee up to some extent. Not knowing anything or going to a place which is unknown creates anxiety that can negatively affect learning. Therefore, it is important to keep the participants aware of the happenings, rather than keeping it surprise. Secondly, it helps in increase in concentration, which is the crucial factor to make the training successful. The objectives create an image of the training program in trainees mind that actually helps in gaining attention. Thirdly, if the goal is set to be challenging and motivating, then the likelihood of achieving those goals is much higher than the situation in which no goal is Set. Therefore, training objectives helps in increasing the probability that the participants will be successful in training.

Designer The training objective is beneficial to the training designer because if the designer is aware what is to be achieved in the end then hell buy the training package according to that only. The training designer would then look for the training methods, training equipments, and training content accordingly to achieve those objectives .Further more, planning always helps in dealing effectively in an unexpected situation .Consider an example; the objective of one training program is to deal effectively with customers to increase the sales. Since the objective is known, the designer will design a training program that will include ways to improve the interpersonal skills, such as verbal and non verbal language, dealing in unexpected situation i.e. when there is a defect in a product or when a customer is angry. Therefore, without any guidance, the training may not be designed appropriately. Evaluator It becomes easy for the training evaluator to measure the progress of the trainees because the objectives define the expected performance of trainees. Training objective is an important to tool to judge the performance of participants. Training and Human Resource Management The HR functioning is changing with time and with this change, the relationship between the training function and other management activity is also changing. The training and development activities are now equally important with that of other HR functions. Gone are the days, when training was considered to be futile, waste of

time, resources, and money. Now-a-days, training is an investment because the departments such as, marketing & sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. If training is not considered as a priority or not seen as a vital part in the organization, then it is difficult to accept that such a company has effectively carried out HRM. Training actually provides the opportunity to raise the profile development activities in the organization To increase the commitment level of employees and growth in quality movement(concepts of HRM), senior management team is now increasing the role of training. Such concepts of HRM require careful planning as well as greater emphasis on employee development and long term education. Training is now the important tool of Human Resource Management to control the attrition rate because it helps in motivating employees, achieving their professional and personal goals, increasing the level of job satisfaction, etc. As a result training is given on a variety of skill development and covers a multitude of courses. Role of HRD Professionals in Training This is the era of cut-throat competition and with this changing scenario of business; the role of HR professionals in training has been widened. HR role now is: 1. Active involvement in employee education 2. Rewards for improvement in performance

3. Rewards to be associated with self esteem and self worth 4. Providing pre-employment market oriented skill development education and post employment support for advanced education and training 6. Flexible access i.e. anytime, anywhere training. Models of Training Training is a sub-system of the organization because the departments such as, marketing& sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. Training is a transforming process that requires some input and in turn it produces output in the form of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs). THE TRAINING SYSTEM A System is a combination of things or parts that must work together to perform a particular function. An organization is a system and training is a sub system of the organization. The System Approach views training as a sub system of an organization. System Approach can be used to examine broad issues like objectives, functions, and aim. It establishes a logical relationship between the sequential stages in the process of training need analysis (TNA), formulating, delivering, and evaluating. There are 4necessary inputs i.e. technology, man, material, time required in every system to produce products or services. And every system must have some output from these inputs in order to survive. The output can be tangible or intangible depending upon the

organizations requirement. A system approach to training is planned creation of training program. This approach uses step-by-step procedures to solve the problems. Under systematic approach, training is undertaken on planned basis. Out of this planned effort, one such basic model of five steps is system model that is explained below. Organization are working in open environment i.e. there are some internal and external forces, that poses threats and opportunities, therefore, trainers need to be aware of these forces which may impact on the content, form, and conduct of the training efforts. The internal forces are the various demands of the organization for a better learning environment; need to be up to date with the latest technologies. The three model of training are: 1. System Model 2. Instructional System Development Model 3. Transitional model System Model Training The system model consists of five phases and should be repeated on a regular basis to make further improvements. The training should achieve the purpose of helping employee to perform their work to required standards. The steps involved in System Model of training are as follows: 1. Analyze and identify the training needs i.e. to analyze the department, 2. employees requirement, who needs training, what do they need to learn, estimating training cost, etc The next

step is to develop a performance measure on the basis of which actual performance would be evaluated. 3. Design and provide training to meet identified needs. This step requires developing objectives of training, identifying the learning steps, sequencing and structuring the contents. 4. Develop- This phase requires listing the activities in the training program that will assist the participants to learn, selecting delivery method, examining the training material, validating information to be imparted to make sure it accomplishes all the goals & objectives. 5. Implementing is the hardest part of the system because one wrong step can lead to the failure of whole training program. 6. Evaluating each phase so as to make sure it has achieved its aim in terms of subsequent work performance. Making necessary amendments to any of the previous stage in order to remedy or improve failure practices

Instructional System Development Model(ISD) Model Instructional System Development model was made to answer the training problems. This model is widely used now-a-days in the organization because it is concerned with the training need on the job performance. Training

objectives are defined on the basis of job responsibilities and job description and on the basis of the defined objectives individual progress is measured. This model also helps in determining and developing the favorable strategies, sequencing the content, and delivering media for the types of training objectives to be achieved. The Instructional System Development model comprises of five stages: 1. ANALYSIS This phase consist of training need assessment, job analysis, and target audience analysis. 2. PLANNING This phase consist of setting goal of the learning outcome, instructional objectives that measures behavior of a participant after the training, types of training material, media selection, methods of evaluating the trainee, trainer and the training program, strategies to impart knowledge i.e. selection of content, sequencing of content, etc. 3. DEVELOPMENT This phase translates design decisions into training material. It consists of developing course material for the trainer including hand outs, workbooks, visual aids, demonstration props, etc, course material for the trainee including hand outs of summary. 4. EXECUTION This phase focuses on logistical arrangements, such as arranging speakers, equipments, benches, podium, food facilities, cooling, lighting, parking, and other training accessories. 5. EVALUATION The purpose of this phase is to make sure that the training program has achieved its aim

in terms of subsequent work performance. This phase consists of identifying strengths and weaknesses and making necessary amendments to any of the previous stage in order to remedy or improve failure practices. The ISD model is a continuous process that lasts throughout the training program. It also highlights that feedback is an important phase throughout the entire training program. In this model, the output of one phase is an input to the next phase. Transitional model focuses on the organization as a whole. The outer loop describes the vision, mission and values of the organization on the basis of which training model i.e. inner loop is executed. Vision focuses on the mile stones that the organization would like to achieve after the defined point of time. A vision statement tells that where the organization sees itself few years down the line. A vision may include setting a role mode, or bringing some internal transformation, or may be promising to meet some other deadlines Mission explain the reason of organizational existence. It identifies the position in the community. The reason of developing a mission statement is to motivate, inspire, and in form the employees regarding the organization. The mission statement tells about the identity that how the organization would like to be viewed by the customers, employees, and all other stake holders. Values is the translation of vision and mission into communicable ideals. It reflects the deeply held values of the organization and is independent of current industry

environment. For example, values may include social responsibility, excellent customer service, etc.The mission, vision, and values precede the objective in the inner loop. This model considers the organization as a whole. The objective is formulated keeping these three things in mind and then the training model is further implemented. TRAIN AND RETAIN TO STOP THE DRAIN In todays competitive world, where margins are constantly under pressure, training budgets are the first to axed. So it becomes imperative that the training model that is evolved should be less capital intensive and not dependent upon profit margins and profitability. Although training needs are identified much before training programmed actually commence but still some crucial points are left some un-addressed. For example very little is done to know the opinion of the employee about training need identified for him as to what he feels about the same .99% cases employee is nominated by higher authorities instead of chance being given to volunteer program under notion that boss is always right and he knows the best off. Taking this in context there are many organization where some employee who are earmarked are regularly nominated to attend training program. He is stressed out, why dont pack him up for a training program approach. CHAPTER-3 LEARNING AND TRAINING

Irrespective of the type or method of training, a trainer has to keep in mind some of the principles of learning or motivation, which would enhance internationalization of what is taught. Motivation A trainee needs to have a desire to learn and benefit from the programme. If the is not interested, or is demotivated, the learning outcome is going to be insignificant and the company will have spent its money badly. On the other hand, being too intense about learning and outcome may result in setting over ambitious goals for the individual. Reinforcement Following on the concept of motivation is that of reinforcement. For learning to take place and be internalized to the desired extent, a trainee is rewarded or given some encouragement. This reinforcement, or the acknowledgement that what has been acquire dis desirable, can be either an extrinsic or intrinsic rewardexternal praise or some tangible reward, or the individuals feeling of a sense of progress. Current stress is on positive support and helpful behavior, even when mistakes are made. Feedback

During the training process, it is useful for the trainee to be told how he is progressing. Several researchers have confirmed that knowledge of results is an effective motivator. Constant and periodic feedback has positive effects on the trainees learning. Unless the trainee knows how close his performance comes to the desired standard, he will not have an opportunity to improve. Feedback therefore provides a basis for correcting oneself. Secondly, feedback helps to sustain the trainees interest in the task, or in each learning that is taking place, by bringing greater involvement with the learning process. If feedback is to be meaningful, it should follow a learning segment as quickly as possible. Transfer of Learning The maximum use of training can be made if the trainee is able to transfer his learning to his actual work role. This is possible if identical elements are incorporated in the training situation from the job role, either existing or proposed. The more similar the learning situation is to the job situation, the higher the degree of transfer the trainee can expect,and hence the grater the relevance of the training programme.

Repetition

Repetition etches a pattern into our memory, e.g., when one studies for an examination, itis necessary to repeatedly to over ideas so that they can be recalled later.

Relevance

Relevance relates to the meaningful fuse of material, which aids learning, e.g., trainersusually explain in the overall purpose of a job to trainees before assigning them aparticular task

TRAINING INPUTS

There are three basic types of inputs; (i)Skills (ii)Attitude (iii)Knowledge.

The primary purpose of training is to establishing a sound relationship is at its best when the workers attitude to the job is right, when the workers knowledge of the job is adequate, and he has developed the necessary skills. Training activities in an industrial organization are aimed at making desired modifications in skills, attitudes

and knowledge of employee so that they perform their jobs most efficiently and effectively.

BEST TIME TO IMPART TRAINING TO EMPLOYEE

1. NEW RECRUITS TO THE COMPANY

These have a requirement for induction into the company as a whole in terms of its business activities and personnel policies and provisions, the terms, conditions and benefits appropriate to the particular employee, and the career and advancement opportunities available.

2. TRANSFEREES WITHIN THE COMPANY

These are people who are moved from one job to another, either within the same work area, i.e. the same department or function, or to dissimilar work under a different management. Under this heading we are excluding promotions, which take people into entirely new levels of responsibility.

3. PROMOTIONS

Although similar to the transferee in that there is a new job to be learned in new surroundings, he is dissimilar in that the promotion has brought him to a new level of supervisory or management responsibility. The change is usually too important and difficult to make successfully to permit one to assume that the promotes will pick it up ashe goes along and attention has to be paid to training in the tasks and the responsibilitiesand personal skills necessary for effective performance.

4. NEW PLANT OR EQUIPMENT

Even the most experienced operator has everything to learn when a computer andelectronic controls replace the previous manual and electro-mechanical system on theprocess plant on which he works. There is no less a training requirement for thesupervisors and process management, as well as for technical service production controland others.

5. NEW PROCEDURES

Mainly for those who work in offices in commercial and administrative functions but also for those who we workplace is on the shop floor or on process plant on any occasion on which there is a modification to existing

paperwork or procedure for, say the withdrawalof materials from stores, the control of customer credit the approval of expense claims,there needs to be instruction on the change in the way of working in many instances, anote bringing the attention of all concerned the change is assume to be sufficient, butthere are cases, such as when total new systems in corporating IT up dates are installed,when more thorough training is needed.

6. NEW STANDARDS, RULES AND PRACTICES

Changes in any one these are likely to be conveyed by printed note or by word of mouth by the manager to his subordinates, and this can be the most satisfaction way of dealing with the change from the point of view of getting those affected to understand their new responsibility. However not all changes under this heading can be left to this sort of handling. Even the simplest looking instruction may be regarded as undesirable or impracticable by whoever has to perform it he may not understand the purpose behind the change and lose confidence in a management which he now believes to be messing about, or he may understand the purpose and have a better alternative to offer if it is not too late.

7. NEW RELATIONSHIP AND AUTHORITIES

These can arise, as a result of management decisions, in a number of ways. In examples, the recognition of the accounts department can result in a realization of responsibilities between the section leaders of credit control, invoicing and customer records, although there is no movement of staff between the sections (i.e. no transfers). Although the change in work content for each clerk and supervisor is defined clearly for each person in the new procedures, there is nevertheless a need for each person to know where he stands in the new set up, which is responsible for what, and where to direct problems and enquiries as they arise in the future.

8. MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS

We are here concerned with maintenance of standards through training, for it must beremembered that supervision and inspection and qualify control are continuouslyresponsible for standards and exercise their own authorities to this end. Although it isgenerally agreed that some retraining from time to time, taking varied forms even for theon group of employees, does act as both a reminder and a stimulus, there is not muchagreement on the next frequency and form that such retraining should take, of there is asyet little scientific

knowledge on this subject which is of much use in industrialsituations.

9. THE MAINTENANCE OF ADAPTABILITY

Again, whilst there is little scientific study of the loss of ability to learn new skills inthose cases where people spend a long time without change, and without the need tolearn, there is increasing evidence in current experience to suggest that this is the case inindustrial employment. Add, of course, there is the inference arising from the laboratoryexperiments of psychologists.

10. THE MAINTENANCE SKILLS & STANDARDS

OF

MANAGEMENT

Skills in supervising, employee appraisal, communications, leadership etc are importantin all companies. Some of these skills are seen to be critical to major developments incompany organisation, culture, employee empowerment and so on. Initial training in these skills is not uncommon in the largest companies on appointment into management and supervision. But continuous training and performance monitoring is rare, despite thecommon knowledge that standards are as varied as human nature.

11. RETIREMENT AND REDUNDANCY

Employees of any position in the company who are heading towards retirement willbenefit from learning about health, social life, work opportunities money managementetc. Internal or external courses are best attended a year or two before retirement date, ina few companies a member of Personnel will act as a counselor as required.

BENEFITS OF TRAINING

Employees and the organization need to realize the importance of contribution and learning for mutual growth and development. Training is the answer to deal with stagnation stage by constantly updating it in every field.

Other benefits of training include:

Hiring appeal: companies that provide training attract a better quality Workforce. Assessing and addressing any performance deficiency. Enhancing workforce flexibility.Cross-cultural training is essential for t them for

better adjustment in the new environment. Increasing commitment: Training acts as a loyalty booster. Employee motivation is also enhanced when the employee knows that the organization would provide them opportunities to increase their skills and knowledge.

It gives the organization a competitive edge by keeping abreast of the latest changes; it acts as a catalyst for change.

Higher customer satisfaction and lower support cost results through improved service, increased productivity and greater sufficiency.

Training acts as benchmark for hiring promoting and career planning.

It acts act as a retention tool by motivating employee to the vast opportunities for growth available in an organization.

THE EVALUATION OF TRAINING

There are a number of expressions used to describe steps taken by management and bytraining offices at the conclusion of training and during the days or weeks afterwards.These expressions include validation, evaluation, follow-up and implementation, as wellas cost benefit, which have appeared in more recent years. We are interested in all of these and have already tackled one of the, implementation, and we start by giving our definitions in order to establish a clearer picture of what each is, and how they relate toeach other. Evaluation of training, or, indeed of anything, consists simply of putting a value to it. To evaluate training means undertaking a search for the effect that it has had on the peopleand the situations, which it influences, and then trying to measure or estimate whether this is advantageous or disadvantageous. We shall see that at the level of pure training there is an evaluation to be made, but that the principal evaluation is at a higher level in the chain.

First the chain of intentions is clear at the outset

1. The forecourt attendants were to receive training to a defined level of competence.

2. They were then to apply their new capability correctly during the service that they gave to motorists.

3. The motorists would respond to this with a reaction of pleasure and would tend to use that particular station rather more, thus increasing the amount of gasoline sold.

4. The increased sales, and negligible increased costs, would improve the revenue and the profits.

A TRAINING TOOL: INSPIRING OTHERS

In the new era new era, challenges for the trainer are to create learning environment.Trainer needs to innovate new ways design and deliver the training inputs. Wide range of technique like interactive methods like teaching, experiential learning cases inventories games, including humour. Where as we have the ancient way of story telling as apowerful tool to create learning for adult managers of industry. Sharing ones own perception,

experience and ideas learning value can be increased exponentially. Methods of Training There are various methods of training, which can be divided in to cognitive and behavioral methods. Trainers need to understand the pros and cons of each method, alsoits impact on trainees keeping their background and skills in mind before giving training.Cognitive methods are more of giving theoretical training to the trainees. The variousmethods under Cognitive approach provide the rules for how to do something, written orverbal information, demonstrate relationships among concepts, etc. These methods areassociated with changes in knowledge and attitude by stimulating learning.The various methods that come under Cognitive approach are: LECTURES A Method of Training It is one of the oldest methods of training. This method is used to create understanding ofa topic or to influence behavior, attitudes through lecture. A lecture can be in printed ororal form. Lecture is telling someone about something. Lecture is given to enhance theknowledge of listener or to give him the theoretical aspect of a topic. Training is basicallyincomplete without lecture. When the trainer begins the training session by telling theaim, goal, agenda, processes, or methods that will be used in training that means thetrainer is using the lecture method. It is difficult to imagine training without lectureformat. There are some variations in Lecture method. The

variation here means that someforms of lectures are interactive while some are not.Straight Lecture: Straight lecture method consists of presenting information, which thetrainee attempts to absorb. In this method, the trainer speaks to a group about a topic. However, it does not involve any kind of interaction between the trainer and the trainees. A lecture may also take the form of printed text, such as books, notes, etc. The difference between the straight lecture and the printed material is the trainers intonation, control of speed, body language, and visual image of the trainer. The trainer in case of straightlecture can decide to vary from the training script, based on the signals from the trainees,whereas same material in print is restricted to what is printed.A good lecture consists of introduction of the topic, purpose of the lecture, and prioritiesand preferences of the order in which the topic will be covered. Main Features of Lecture Method Some of the main features of lecture method are: Inability to identify and correct misunderstandings Less expensive Can be reached large number of people at once Knowledge building exercise Less effective because lectures require long periods of trainee inactivity Demonstration Training Method This method is a visual display of how something works or how to do something. As an example, trainer shows

the trainees how to perform or how to do the tasks of the job. In order to be more effective, demonstration method should be should be accompanied by the discussion or lecture method. To carry out an effective demonstration, a trainer first prepares the lesson plan by breaking the task to be performed into smaller modules, easily learned parts. Then, the trainer sequentially organizes those modules and prepares an explanation for why that part is required. While performing the demonstration, trainer: Demonstrates the task by describing how to do, while doing Helps the focusing their attention on critical aspects of the task Tells the trainees what you will be doing so they understand what you will be showing them Explains why it should be carried out in that wayThe difference between the lecture method and the demonstration method is the level ofinvolvement of the trainee. In the lecture method, the more the trainee is involved.The financial costs that occur in the demonstration method are as follows: Cost of training facility for the program Cost of materials that facilitate training Food, travel, lodging for the trainees and the trainers Compensation of time spent in training to trainers and trainees Cost related to creating content, material Cost related to the organization of the training After completing the demonstration the trainer provide feedback, both positive and ornegative, give the trainee

the opportunity to do the task and describe what he is doing andwhy. Discussion Training Method This method uses a lecturer to provide the learners with context that is supported, elaborated, explains, or expanded on through interactions both among the trainees and between the trainer and the trainees. The interaction and the communication between these two make it much more effective and powerful than the lecture method. If the Discussion method is used with proper sequence i.e. lectures, followed by discussion and questioning, can achieve higher level knowledge objectives, such as problem solving and principle learning.The Discussion method consists a two-way flow of communication i.e. knowledge in theform of lecture is communicated to trainees, and then understanding is conveyed back bytrainees to trainer.Understanding is conveyed in the form of verbal and non-verbal feedback that enablesthe trainer to determine whether the material is understood. If yes, then definitely itwould help out the trainees to implement it at their workplaces and if not, the trainer mayneed to spend more time on that particular area by presenting the information again in adifferent manner.Questioning can be done by both ways i.e. the trainees and the trainer. When the traineesask questions, they explain their thinking about the content of the lecture. A trainer whoasks questions stimulates thinking about the content of the lecture. Asking andresponding questions are beneficial to trainees because it enhance understanding andkeep the trainees focused on the content. Besides that, discussions, and interactions

allowthe trainee to be actively engaged in the material of the trainer. This activity helps in improving recall. Computer-Based Training (CBT) With the world-wide expansion of companies and changing technologies, the demandsfor knowledge and skilled employees have increased more than ever, which in turn, isputting pressure on HR department to provide training at lower costs. Many organizationsare now implementing CBT as an alternative to classroom based training to accomplishthose goals Some of the benefits of Computer-Based Training are: According to a recent survey, about 75% of the organizations are providing training toemployees through Intranet or Internet. Internet is not the method of training, but hasbecome the technique of delivering training. The growth of electronic technology hascreated alternative training delivery systems. CBT does not require face-tofaceinteraction with a human trainer. This method is so varied in its applications that it isdifficult to describe in concise terms. The various methods that come under Cognitive approach are : o INTELLEGENT TUTORIAL SYSTEM(ITS) o PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION (PI) o VIRTUAL REALITY

Behavioral methods are more of giving practical training to the trainees. The variousmethods under Behavioral approach allow the trainee to behavior in a real fashion. Thesemethods are best used for skill development. The various methods that come under Behavioral approach are: GAMES AND SIMULATIONS o BEHAVIOR-MODELING o BUSINESS GAMES o CASE STUDIES o EQUIPMENT STIMULATORS o IN-BASKET TECHNIQUE o ROLE PLAYS Both the methods can be used effectively to change attitudes, but through differentmeans.Another Method is MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT METHOD COACHING Coaching is one of the training methods, which is considered as a corrective method forinadequate performance. According to a survey conducted by International CoachFederation (ICF), more than 4,000 companies are using coach for their executives. Thesecoaches are experts most of the time outside consultants.A coach is the best training plan for the

CEOs becauseA It is one-to-one interactionA It can be done at the convenience of CEOA It can be done on phone, meetings, through e-mails, chatA It provides an opportunity to receive feedback from an expertA It helps in identifying weaknesses and focus on the area that needs improvement Thismethod best suits for the people at the top because if we see on emotional front, when aperson reaches the top, he gets lonely and it becomes difficult to find someone to talk to It helps in finding out the executives specific developmental needs. The needs can beidentified through 60 degree performance review. PROCEDURE OF THE COACHING The procedure of the coaching is mutually determined by the executive and coach. Theprocedure is followed by successive counseling and meetings at the executivesconvenience by the coach. 1. Understand the participants job, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes, and resources required to meet the desired expectation 2. Meet the participant and mutually agree on the objective that has to be achieved 3. Mutually arrive at a plan and schedule 4. At the job, show the participant how to achieve the objectives, observe the performance and then provide feedback 5. Repeat step 4 until performance improves. For the people at middle-level management, coaching is more likely done by the supervisor; however experts from outside the organization are at times used for up- and-coming managers. Again, the personalized approach assists the manger focus on definite needs and improvement Mentoring

Mentoring is an ongoing relationship that is developed between a senior and junior employee. Mentoring provides guidance and clear understanding of how the organizationgoes to achieve its vision and mission to the junior employeeThe meetings are not as structured and regular than in coaching. Executive mentoring isgenerally done by someone inside the company. The executive can learn a lot frommentoring. By dealing with diverse mentees, the executive is given the chance to growprofessionally by developing management skills and learning how to work with peoplewith diverse background, culture, and language and personality typesExecutives also have mentors. In cases where the executive is new to the organization, asenior executive could be assigned as a mentor to assist the new executive settled into hisrole. Mentoring is one of the important methods for preparing them to be futureexecutives. This method allows the mentor to determine what is required to improvementees performance. Once the mentor identifies the problem, weakness, and the areathat needs to be worked upon, the mentor can advise relevant training. The mentor canalso provide opportunities to work on special processes and projects that require use ofproficiency.Some key points on Mentoring Mentoring focus on attitude development Conducted for management-level employees Mentoring is done by someone inside the company It is one-to-one interaction It helps in identifying weaknesses and focus on the area that needs improvement Job Rotation

For the executive, job rotation takes on different perspectives. The executive is usually not simply going to another department. In some vertically integrated organizations, forexample, where the supplier is actually part of same organization or subsidiary, jobrotation might be to the supplier to seehow the business operates from the supplier point of view. Learning how the organizationis perceived from the outside broadens the executives outlook on the process of theorganization. Or the rotation might be to a foreign office to provide a global perspective.For managers being developed for executive roles, rotation to different functions in thecompany is regular carried out.This approach allows the manger to operate in diverse roles and understand the differentissues that crop up. If someone is to be a corporate leader, they must have this type oftraining. A recent study indicated that the single most significant factor that leads toleaders achievement was the variety of experiences in different departments, businessunits, cities, and countries.An organized and helpful way to develop talent for the management or executive level ofthe organization is job rotation. It is the process of preparing employees at a lower levelto replace someone at the next higher level. It is generally done for the designations thatare crucial for the effective and efficient functioning of the organization.Benefits of Job RotationSome of the major benefits of job rotation are: It provides the employees with opportunities to broaden the horizon of knowledge, skills, and abilities by working in different departments, business units, functions, and countries Identification of Knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) required It determines the areas where

improvement is required Assessment of the employees who have the potential and caliber for filling the position OFF THE JOB TRAINING There are many management development techniques that an employee can take in offthe job. The few popular methods are: SENSITIVITY TRAINING TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS STRAIGHT LECTURES/ LECTURES SIMULATION EXERCISES Case Study on Training Methods SALES TRAINING AT ABC COMPANY Few years ago, ABC Company developed a training strategy for training its global sales force. An important feature of the strategy was to create a master training plan for each year. The organizations strategic plans, objectives, and functional tactics would drive tthis plan. Once an initial procedure was designed it was then evaluated and critiqued thetop management, different units, and training council. The input from thesestakeholderswould be summarized and transferred into a master training Plan.The major question that was asked by the designers of training program was, whatresults do we want from salespeople after the training program is over? Answer to thisquestion becomes the objective of the training program. Then training content was designed, videos were made. The

videos took 3 to 6 months to produce. Video contains live production plants, clients offices, partner offices, suppliers,manufacturers locations, and other locations.Videos were used to train sales people in various areas, such as: Market information i.e. about customer profile, market updates, and computer integrated manufacturing applications, etc Sales Process i.e. how to deal in the situation of conflicts with customer, coaching on undesirable behavior, supplement skills developed during live courses Product information, such as, product usage, applications, system description, product description, comparison with competitors products, etc Policies and procedures, i.e. about sales contests, incentive plans on achieving targets, annual bonuses, winners receiving the best salesperson award to motivate the sales force Representatives then watch video, follow the directions, and refer to the material if face sany problem. When salespeople feel they have mastered the Around thousands of sales persons were getting a specific video training. The salespeople were getting training material along with the video. Salesmaterial, they would take an exam and call a toll-free number to transmit responses toexam.Salespeople who successfully passed an exam were factored into performance and meritreviews as well as promotional opportunities. Those who couldnt pass the exam wereasked to go through the material and video again before retaking the exam. If thesalesperson failed an exam again, the reporting manager was notified.

This case gives rise to few important questions. These questions are: In todays technological world, is video still the best way to deliver training? Is video the most effective way to achieve training objectives? What role did cost of development, cost of delivery, and other constraints play in selection of video delivery system? Training Need Analysis (TNA) An analysis of training need is an essential requirement to the design of effective training. The purpose of training need analysis is to determine whether there is a gap between what is required for effective performance and present level of performance. Why training need analysis? Training need analysis is conducted to determine whether resources required are available or not. It helps to plan the budget of the company, areas where training is required, and also highlights the occasions where training might not be appropriate but requires alternate action. Corporate need and training need are interdependent because the organization performance ultimately depends on the performance of its individual employee and its sub group. Organizational Level

Training need analysis at organizational level focuses on strategic planning, business need, and goals. It starts with the assessment of internal environment of the organization such as, procedures, structures, policies, strengths, and weaknesses and external environment such as opportunities and threats. After doing the SWOT analysis, weaknesses can be dealt with the training interventions, while strengths can further be strengthened with continued training. Threats can be reduced by identifying the areas where training is required. And, opportunities can be exploited by balancing it against costs. For this approach to be successful, the HR department of the company requires to be involved in strategic planning. In this planning, HR develops strategies to be sure that the employees in the organization have the required Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes (KSAs) based on the future KSAs requirements at each level Individual Level Training need analysis at individual level focuses on each and every individual in the organization. At this level, the organization checks whether an employee is performing at desired level or the performance is below expectation. If the difference between the expected performance and actual performance comes out to be positive, then certainly there is a need of training. However, individual competence can also be linked to individual need. The methods that are used to analyze the individual need are: Appraisal and performance review Peer appraisal Competency assessments Subordinate

appraisal Client feedbackCustomer assessment or self-appraisal Operational Level

feedbackSelf-

Training Need analysis at operational level focuses on the workthat is being assigned to the employees. The job analyst gathers the information onwhether the job is clearly understood by an employee or not. He gathers this informationthrough technical interview, observation, psychological test; questionnaires asking theclosed ended as well as open ended questions, etc. Today, jobs are dynamic and keepchanging over the time. Employees need to prepare for these changes. The job analystalso gathers information on the tasks needs to be done plus the tasks that will be required in the future. Based on the information collected, training Need analysis (TNA) is done. Training-Design The design of the training program can be undertaken only when a clear trainingobjective has been produced. The training objective clears what goal has to be achievedby the end of training program i.e. what the trainees are expected to be able to do at theend of their training. Training objectives assist trainers to design the training program. The trainer

Before starting a training program, a trainer analyzes his technical,interpersonal, judgmental skills in order to deliver quality content to trainers The trainees A good training design requires close scrutiny of the trainees and theirprofiles. Age, experience, needs and expectations of the trainees are some of theimportant factors that affect training design. Training climate A good training climate comprises of ambience, tone, feelings,positive perception for training program, etc. Therefore, when the climate is favorablenothing goes wrong but when the climate is unfavorable, almost everything goes wrong. Trainees learning style the learning style, age, experience, educational background of trainees must be kept in mind in order to get the right pitch to the design of the program Training strategies Once the training objective has been identified, the trainer translates it into specific training areas and modules. The trainer prepares the priority list of about what must be included, what could be included. Training topics

After formulating a strategy, trainer decides upon the content to be delivered. Trainers break the content into headings, topics, ad modules. These topics and modules are then classified into information, knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Sequence the contents Contents are then sequenced in a following manner: From simple to complex Topics are arranged in terms of their relative importance From known to unknown From specific to general Dependent relationship Training tactics Once the objectives and the strategy of the training program becomes clear, trainer comes in the position to select most appropriate tactics or methods or techniques. The method selection depends on the following factors: Trainees background Time allocated Style preference of trainer Level of competence of trainer Availability of facilities and resources, etc. Support facilities

It can be segregated into printed and audio visual. The various requirements in a training program are white boards, flip charts, markers, etc. Constraints The various constraints that lay in the trainers mind are: Time Accommodation, facilities and their availability Furnishings and equipments Budget Design of the training, etc. Training Implementation To put training program into effect according to definite plan or procedure is called training implementation. Training implementation is the hardest part of the system because one wrong step can lead to the failure of whole training program. Even the best training program will fail due to one wrong action. Training implementation can be segregated into: Practical administrative arrangements Carrying out of the training Implementing Training Once the staff, course, content, equipments, topics are ready, the training is implemented. Completing training design does not mean that the work is done because implementation phase requires continual adjusting, redesigning, and refining. Preparation is the most important factor to taste the success. Therefore, following are the factors that are kept in mind while implementing training program: The trainer

The trainers need to be prepared mentally before the delivery of content. Trainer prepares materials and activities well in advance. The trainer also set grounds before meeting with participants by making sure that he is comfortable with course content and is flexible in his approach .Physical set-up Good physical set up is pre-requisite for effective and successful training program because it makes the first impression on participants. Classrooms should not be very small or big but as nearly square as possible. This will bring people together both physically and psychologically. Also, right amount of space should be allocated to every participant. Establishing rapport with participants There are various ways by which a trainer can establish good rapport with trainees by: Greeting participants simple way to ease those initial tense moments Encouraging informal conversation Remembering their first name Pairing up the learners and have them familiarized with one another Listening carefully to trainees comments and opinions Telling the learners by what name the trainer wants to be addressed Getting to class before the arrival of learners Starting the class promptly at the scheduled time Using familiar examples Varying his instructional techniques Using the alternate approach if one seems to bog down. Reviewing the agenda

At the beginning of the training program it is very important to review the program objective. The trainer must tell the participants the goal of the program, what is expected out of trainers to do at the end of the program, and how the program will run. The following information needs to be included: Kinds of training activities Schedule Setting group norms Housekeeping arrangements Flow of the program Handling problematic situations

Training Evaluation The process of examining a training program is called training evaluation. Training evaluation checks whether training has had the desired effect. Training evaluation ensures that whether candidates are able to implement their learning in their respective workplaces, or to the regular work routines. Purposes of Training Evaluation the five main purposes of training evaluation are: Feedback: It helps in giving feedback to the candidates by defining the objectives and linking it to learning outcomes. Research: It helps in ascertaining the relationship between acquired knowledge, transfer of knowledge at the work place, and training. Control: It helps in controlling the training program because if the training is not effective, then it can be dealt with

accordingly. Power games: At times, the top management (higher authoritative employee) uses the evaluative data to manipulate it for their own benefits. Intervention: It helps in determining that whether the actual outcomes are aligned with the expected outcomes. Process of Training Evaluation before Training: The learners skills and knowledge are assessed before the training program. During the start of training, candidates generally perceive it as a waste of resources because at most of the times candidates are unaware of the objectives and learning outcomes of the program. Once aware, they are asked to give their opinions on the methods used and whether those methods confirm to the candidates preferences and Learning style. During Training: It is the phase at which instruction is started. This phase usually consist of short tests at regular intervals After Training: It is the phase when learners skills and knowledge are assessed again to measure the effectiveness of the training. This phase is designed to determine whether training has had the desired effect at individual department and organizational levels. There are various evaluation techniques for this phase. Techniques of Evaluation The various methods of training evaluation are: Observation Questionnaire Interview Self diaries Self-recording of specific incidents Quality

Particularly in those industries, which have to compete in international markets, the management made clear links between training policies and the quality of work. Change in Corporate culture Continuous training was used to transmit new business strategies and new organisation culture. Organisational Development In some organisation where financial responsibilities were being decentralized, the training function was also getting decentralized. In other training department was abolished altogether and all managers were made responsible for instruction and training. Flexible working practices Company made a major training program after making two third work forces redundant. This involved both vocational training and encouraging employee to take educational courses in their free time. Training and employment package In certain companies training formed part of the pay packet offered to employees. It also had a bearing on the Lab our turnover percentage of employee. In other way we can say its like cost to company. Corporate structure

In some instances I became difficult for managers to meet business objectives because they had in sufficient control over recruitment and training decision. In some other cases rivalries between different divisions of same company, prevented the integration of coherent training and personal policies at central level. The role of professional trainers The findings suggest that the role of the professional trainer had undergone significant changes. He is today not only a mere provider or organiser of training but also is being seen as an agent or facilitator of change. This because today the management is integrating training into the very culture of their organisation. In some organisation the trainers now have access to key decision-makers and have established greater legitimacy for training and development activities. Corporate and individual training needs Evidence suggests that numbers of organisation are effectively integrating their training and business strategies and progress has been made in training for organisational development. Although the need for continuing training of manager and professional is being assessed on a more systematic basis this has not been extended more widely. TYPES OF TRAINING BYRELIANCE MOBILE METHODS ADOPTED

The training methods which are generally used in an organization are classified into two i.e.
1)

On the job: On-the-job training places the

employees in an actual work situation and makes them appear to be immediately productive. It is learning by doing. For jobs, that either are difficult to simulate or can be learn quickly by watching and doing on-the-job training makes sense. One of the drawbacks to on-thejob training can be low productivity while the employees develop their skills. Another drawback can be the errors made by the trainees while they learn. However, when the damage the trainees can do is minimal, where training facilities and personnel are limited or costly, and where it is desirable for the workers to learn the job under normal working conditions, the benefits of on-the-job training frequently off set its drawbacks. Job Instruction Training: JIT consists of four basic steps: (a) Preparing the trainees by telling them about the job and overcoming their uncertainties (b) Presenting the instruction, giving essential information in a clear manner;(c) Having the trainees try out the job to demonstrate their understanding; and (d) Placing the workers into the job, on their own, with a designated resource person to call upon should they need assistance. 2) Off the job: Off-the-job training covers a number of techniques classroom lectures, films, demonstrations, case studies and other simulation exercises, and programmed instruction. The facilities needed for each of these techniques vary from a small make shift classroom

to an elaborate development centre with large lecture halls, supplemented by small conference rooms with sophisticated audio visual equipment, two-way mirrors, and all the frills. (i) Classroom lectures/conferences: The lecture or conference approach is well adapted to conveying specific information rules, procedures, or methods. The use of audio visuals or demonstrations can often make a formal classroom presentation more interesting while increasing retention and offering a vehicle for more interesting while increasing retention and offering a vehicle for clarifying more difficult points. The lectures liabilities include possible lack of feedback and the lack of active involvement by the trainees. (ii) Simulation exercises: Any training activity that explicitly places the trainee in an artificial environment that closely mirrors actual working conditions can be considered a simulation. Simulation activities include case exercises, experimental exercises, complex computer modelling, and vestibule training. (iii)Vestibule training: In vestibule training, employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using, but the learning is conducted away from the actual work floor. In the 1980s many large retail chains train cashiers on their new computer cash registers which are much more complex because they control inventory and perform other functions in addition to ringing up orders in specially created vestibule labs that simulated the actual checkout-counter environment. Training, as a process of long term learning is essentially a developmental tool. By effectively utilizing this tool, the organization expects to achieve career objectives. Contribute towards the career progressions of the

employees by importing knowledge of an additional or reinforcing nature, developing skills and bringing about desired attitudinal changes among them. This would not merely prove effective in assisting them to achieve organizational goals but also enable enhancement of their self-esteem and self-confidences to face external challenges. Ours is a changing and dynamic organization which has to pay considerable emphasis on training and retraining its employees to enable them to be competent, committed and has the capacity to change according to the external and internal demands and pressures. Training of employees is not merely the responsibility of the management or the training cell alone, but the responsibility of department managers as well. The human resource department must enable the involvement of the department managers in the process of employee training and development. ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS There are five steps towards the assessment and analysis of training and development ofthe organization. Collection of information through interviewing and discussing with key personnel both inside and outside the organization or specific departments; observing the work place, working conditions, processes and outcomes; examining records, other written information and annual employee appraisal. Compare performances of each department and each employee against objectives, targets and standards set for

them and keeping in mind future work requirements in the organization. Identify cause of problems faced by the organization to enable the management to train the employees in handling the problems as well as solving the problem in a satisfactory manner. Segregate identified problems into problems requiring staff development action such as training and into problems requiring other management actions, so that these problems are accurately addressed. Prioritize training actions in accordance to where the training need is more urgent. TYPES OF TRAINING ADRESSING VARIOUS TRAININGNEEDS; Entry training involving new recruits and employees required to take a new job. Problem resolution training to meet a shortfall or deficiency in job performance. Training for change to prepare employees for job identified in near future. Development to equip employees organizational changes in future. to meet

Training in Global Business World With the expansion of the organization, Human Resource job in no longer limited to their native country but has extended worldwide. Localization is a key to successful expansion that helps in improving upon workforce connections, doing the work effectively and efficiently, and reducing global turnover. As the organizations are expanding globally, training has become quite an essential ingredient to improve performance. However, unavailability of budget necessary to achieve goals results the training function to be at the bottom of priority list. Besides that, managers do not fully adapt according to the local environment for the transfer of training. Very often, managers use minimum of locally suitable resources or the most critical material like employee hand books. Training success in various countries requires cross cultural literacy i.e. understanding of how cultural differences across nations can affect the way training is given. At the same time, different cultures may or may not be supportive in the transfer of training, in the sense that cultural factor may lower or raise the cost of training. Case Study A very brilliant marketing professional went to Arab for the sale of his Companys soft drink. But he came back with no results. When asked about the failure of the mission, he answered that he prepared three cartoons. Cartoon-1- Displaying a man looking exhausted and tired, is walking in desert in scorching heat. Cartoon-2- Displaying the same man opening bottle and drinking the soft drink. Cartoon-3- Displaying the man feeling alive and refresh again. Though, his strategy

was good, unfortunately fails because he was unaware that Arab people read from right to left. Moral here is localization is a key to success. There are some major barriers in the transfer of training when it comes to giving training in other countries. Culture 1. Values and Norms 2. Attitude 3. Age, Gender, and Professional Status Language 1. Spoken 2. Unspoken Social Structure 1. Individual 2. Assumptions 3. Group Culture - Factor in Global Training Program Communicating the information to different people from different cultures and different nationalities can give rise to many problems. Many simple things that seem simple and straightforward to communicate become difficult when it comes to communicating in different environment. Giving training in ones own culture is quite different from giving training in different culture. Being a good trainer is not the only requirement but understanding socio-economic and cultural backgrounds

have now become an important part. Values, norms, attitude are the building blocks of culture. Values means what a group of people believes to be good, bad, right, or wrong. Norms means the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behaviour. Attitude disposes a person to act in a certain way toward something in certain situation. A trainer giving training in different culture has to keep these things in mind before delivering content. Instances: A good case that concerns attitude towards time in different cities: People are very punctual in United States. People from US tend to come little early for any meeting, or when invited for dinner, party to someones home because in their culture it is considered to be polite to arrive on time. In Great Britain, people tend to come late for any appointment. If called at 5 P.M., that means come at 5.30 or 6 P.M. Even for Argentineans, coming on exact time is far too early. For instance, In US, if the trainer gets late for a scheduled training session it is treated as a breach of etiquette. And it may result in loss of trainers respect and failure in transfer of training. Age, Gender, and Professional Status Different cultures give different regard to age, gender, and professional qualification. For example, in Japan, people give high regard to older people. Older people are regarded as having greater knowledge, skills, wisdom, and abilities. Respect in the sense that people are more willing to listen to and seriously consider the information. In such a culture, a young trainer might have to work harder to gain attention and face problems in executing the program and transfer of training. Similarly, some countries are also biased about the gender. Like in Gulf countries, womens role is limited to households only. In such a culture, it is not possible

for women trainers to undergo training programs because people will not be as receptive as in other culture. Same is with high professional status- the higher the qualification of the trainer, the more will be the importance attached to the information. Language Problem in International Training and Development Programs Language comprises of both spoken and unspoken means of communication. Bestest of the best training program will fail if trainer is not well versed in communicating trainees language. Language is one of the most important ingredients of culture. Spoken Language Trainees receiving training prefers to speak in their own language and trainer being able to speak the local language can help establishing rapport among trainees, which may be very important for the transfer of training. Language is one of the major barriers when it comes to giving training in cross-cultural environment. Chinese is the mother tongue of the largest number of people (shown below), followed by English and Hindi. Percentage of the people speaking their first language Unspoken Language It means non-verbal communication, a very important part of communication. It is a communication that uses body movements and gestures such as, raising eyebrows, smiling, hand movements, facial expressions, etc. A

failure to understand unspoken language can lead to a failure of communication because body language is not the same in every culture. For instance, raising eyebrows is a sign of recognition in most cultures, but in some cultures, its not. Similarly, making a circle with the thumb and forefinger is a friendly gesture in the US, but it is obscene invitation in Turkey and Greece. Also, thumbs-up gesture is used to indicate that its fine in the US and Europe, but it is vulgar gesture in Greece. Another case of unspoken language is the amount of distance between the persons talking to each other. In Latin America, the distance adopted by parties in a business discussion is 3 to 5 feet while in the US, it is 5 to 8 feet. In the training context, if the trainer gives training in Latin America and maintains a much larger distance than desired in their culture, then in turn, it may result in a regrettable lack of rapport between the trainer and the trainee. Therefore, using the right body language is very important in cross-cultural training. Global Training Class Social Structure Social Structure refers to basic social organization. It consists of many aspects such as, the degree to which the social organization laid emphasis on the individual, as opposed to the group. IndividualismSome countries emphasizes on individual achievement. Western countries emphasize on individual performance, this in turn, leads to high level of creativity, high degree of managerial mobility, entrepreneurial activity, etc. On the other hand, encouraging individualism also make it difficult to work in teams. It may be difficult for them to co-operate which may serve as an obstruction in smooth flow of training. Group In most of the countries, group is the primary unit of organizations. Like in Japan, the social status of an

individual is determined as much as in by standing of the group. This may lead to better cooperation; on the other hand it suppresses entrepreneurial activity, individual creativity, etc. This in turn, may result, in loss of recognition of individual achievement at work after training. Therefore, trainer has to keep in mind the factor of the individual and the group while giving training because encouraging a particular individual in Japan might be considered as impolite or viceversaProjectsformba.blogspot.com 34 Assumptions We all make assumptions every day. It may be positive or negative, good or bad. Assumptions influence our attitudes, perceptions. Most people see what they want to see and believe what they want to believe. It sometimes leads to coinciding and sometime clashes. This tendency to make assumptions and forming attitudes regarding certain things can be a big problem in a cross-cultural training. Differences in assumptions can sometimes are very problematic. As an example, trainer may believe that if the trainees do not question, they understand the content. On the other hand, trainees may believe that if they will ask question, the trainer might think they are dull. Presumptions can sometimes result in disrespect, distrust or resistance to change behaviour after training. For instance, trainees might misinterpret trainer because of his different accent, appearance, style, or anything. Lack of interest of trainees de motivates trainer to transfer expertise and skills. This can lead to discomfort and misjudging the others motives and goals It is important to analyse the audience on the factors of customs, values, and language in case of cross-cultural training. Stakeholders in Training There are three major stakeholders in training program 1. The Organization 2.

The Trainee 3. The Trainer Stakeholders in the training take a training plan forward, perhaps over a period of one year, and sets parameters and priorities for the implementation stage. 35 General Questions, which are asked in relationships to the training systems, are: What type of training is required? Why the training is required? What is the budget of the training? What are the most sensitive and critical areas? How the training will be carried out? By whom the training program will be carried out? Where and when will the training program be carried out? 36 Role of Organization in Training and Development Questionnaire on Study on Effectiveness of Training & Development An organization has a very close relationship with the trainee and the trainer because it is the first contact for both. The demand for the training in the organization increases when the organization wants: To hire new people training as a means of training new recruits To Expand When the company wants to increase its headcount To increase certain number of staff (in position) by a certain date To enhance the performance of employees Organizations name to be a part of training unit. Demand for training also increases when there is change in the nature of job, change in taste of consumer, change in methods of product development, etc. The organization goes through the following steps for the transfer of training to the field. Trainee Role of Trainee in Transfer of Training But the problem arises when the organization outsource the training process. In this situation the organization assumes that the trainer must be aware of the type of training needs of the participants and their organization and their content will

meet those needs. This leads to failure of the program, which results in collusion. Therefore, its a foremost duty of the organization to make the trainer and their organization aware of their culture, climate, responsibilities of organization, etc. The trainee is a major stakeholder in a training program. The whole training program is developed for the trainees only. Each candidate plays an important role in the transfer of training because one participants attitude regarding the training influence the other participants and also each participant can assist by advancing the learning process to realize the training objectives. Participants willingness to invest in the program is directly proportional to the benefits of the learning that the trainee could expect. Each participant forms their own perception towards training. Some perceptions remain the same during the program, while some faded depending upon the assessment of a program by the participant Some personal factors that affect the trainees learning are: Family Situation Personal Problems Relation between the training program and personal objective Level of self-esteem Benefits expected from training Comfort level with the trainer Learning style of trainee KSA of trainee 37 Previous training experiences Desire for professional growth and development Some environmental factors that affect the trainees learning are: Relationship with colleagues and subordinates Training team Trainer team Training objective Content of training Training design i.e. methods, techniques, and strategies Environment in the program Composition of training group Infrastructure i.e. eating facilities, tea/coffee breaks No matter how good the training program is, in

the end it is the participant only who decides whether to change his behaviour or not. Trainees do not change their behaviour merely because someone tells them to do. They change when they feel there is a need of it. They do it with their own learning style. The trainer and the organization can only try to remove the mental blocks of the trainee, rest depends on trainee itself. Importance of Trainer, Role of Trainer The effective transfer of training depends a lot on the trainer because it is the trainer only who can remove the mental block of trainee, motivate the trainee to learn, and delete the negative perception of the trainee regarding the training. Besides all that, a lot depends on personality of trainer also. 38 The major competencies that are required to be present in a trainer are: Presentation Skills Business Skills i.e. budgeting, time management, negotiation, etc. Content Development i.e. material production, graphics, layouts, etc. Self-development i.e. interpersonal skills, good listening skills, flexible, accepting the share of accountability, etc. Trainers Skills The skills that need to be present in a trainer are: Training Design Evaluating the training program Training need analysis Worksheet design Exercises design Role of Trainer 39 Facilitation of Training Facilitation of Transfer of Training through Focus on Trainee and Organization Intervention Focus on Trainee Focus on Organization Intervention Focus on Trainee Training is successful not only with good training design and training objectives but also with the readiness and willingness of the trainees. For the training to be successful, three things are required, 40 1. Motivation 2. Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSAs) 3. Expectations towards Training Expected

Performance is directly proportional to the multiplication of motivation, required KSAs, and expectations towards training i.e. Motivation If the trainee is not motivated to learn, no learning is likely to occur no matter how good the training methods are, or how talented the trainees are. Therefore, it is important to intervene before training and provide them the information about the learning outcome that they can expect and how the learning outcome will help in achieving the objectives. This increases the motivation to learn and to be successful in training. Expectations Positive expectations matter a lot in a training program. If the trainee perceives the training as waste of time, and waste of resources, no learning is likely to occur. No learning is possible with negative perception. 41 On the other hand, if the trainee believes and expects that the training would help him to improve upon his professional skills and would further help him in achieving his personal goals, the probability of training to meet the objective increases. Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSAs) It is important that the selected trainees should have the right KSAs for the training because even if the methods and contents of the training is good but the candidates do not have the right KSAs ,the training program will fail. Also the training methods would not be effective if the candidates are lacking the desired skills. Therefore, proper selection technique is must that would ensure that hired have the requisite KSAs to be successful in training .Facilitation of Training Through Organization Intervention Failure of training is not always because of lack of KSAs but sometimes it is because of the organizational forces also.

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These forces also hold back the transfer of training, and learning. Therefore, it is important to keep in check those forces. For the successful transfer of training, it is necessary to have supervisor support, trainer support, peer support, reward system, climate and culture. PEERS SUPPORT Peer support can also help in transfer of training, for example, if the trainee is the only one who is receiving training in the department then probably the experienced peers might put pressure on trainee to forget the training and work. This situation also hampers in transfer of training. However, this situation can be avoided by involving the entire department in training, also by encouraging the learning culture in the organization.

SUPERVISOR SUPPORT can affect their employees learning in number of ways, for example, if the trainee is motivated to learn and receives full support from their supervisor, then this support in turn encourages the employee to learn as much as possible. Also, supervisor can also reduce the negative factors of training, such as, the work that piles up during training that makes the employee uncomfortable and employees negative perception about the training program. 44 TRAINER SUPPORT can also have a positive impact on the transfer of training. Gone are the days, when the trainers role used to get over once the training program is done. Trainers role is now extended to the work place also. Besides training, trainers role is to keep a check on how trainees are performing and help them and discuss
43

with them if they encounter any problem in the workplace. 45 CLIMATE Apart from supervisor support, peers support, trainer support, Climate factor also comprises of company polices, attitude of upper management towards employee, towards training. If these factors are positive then the climate will also support the transfer of training. It is the organizations foremost duty to make the employees realize through these factors that adequate amount of time and resources are spent on them for their professional and personal development. CULTURE also have the impact over the transfer of training. If the culture of the organization provides enough opportunities to its employees to implement what they have learnt in the workplace and provide them variety of others factors such as, social support, challenging jobs, etc then the likelihood of the transfer of training increases. REWARD SYSTEMS If the learning outcome that helps in achieving the objectives is linked to reward system then the probability of the success of training would increase 47 ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAINING1) Interactive computer video technology: The use of computers and videotapes in the field of training is now well established. Some leading institution like MANAGE, Hyderabad is using this technology in trainingprogramme.2) Broadcast television / cable television: Televisions system in which programme is sent out by radio wave and are seen on television. Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is very well using this technology its educational and training programme.3) Computer aided instruction: An
46

educational concept which places the student in a conversational mode with a computer which has programmed study plan. The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to previous responses from the student allowing each student to progress at pace directly to his or her learning capability.4) Interactive video /interactive compute: The phrase interactive video refers to a video programme with which user (trainee) can interact. Interactivity takes place between user and the system, some thing for ICalso, the system composed of four basic components(1) monitor or video display unit(2) video tape or video disc 48 (3) a computer(4) a disc drive, the computer controls the video or video disc. Disc drive loads a programme into the computer.5) Tele-conferencing: A two way audio and one way video system. It is used nowadays by many institutions for education and training purpose. TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS Cutting edge of competition today demands every organization, to measure its activitiesin terms of effectiveness, efficiency, excellence (triple E). To achieve this triple C a lot of investment is made by the organization but the sword of sure short success hangs on the head of the HRD manager, this is because he has to handle the most complex resource i.e. human resource. The next toughest thins is to maintain is the ROI (return on investment) of training and development. It is not only the ROI but the performance management, retention level, motivation, morale, creativity, innovation conflicts, loyalty and commitment etc. of the manpower which are not easy to handle. Keeping all these factors in mind the focus of vision falls on training and development. The training

effectiveness is obviously in terms of enhanced skill and knowledge to achieve the present goals, through the increased learnt behavior. In the process of training effectiveness is the most important /vital area, where by the individual and organizational goals are integrated to bring about the desired performance levels. How to reduce the gap? 49 Training skill & communication Job performance Trainer Trainee Learning ability

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Training &development has been considered as a most significant and indispensable tool for every organization for the information is provides is highly useful in making decision regarding various aspects such as promotion and merit to study the performance appraisal technique in reliance money

PROBLEM FORFULATION
To understand the training and development scenario at Reliance OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

(1)

What the trainee really feels about the training they have undergone and further what kind of training they look for. Do they really look for any kind of training or not?

(2)

RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive research design has been used .It includes survey and finding enquiries of different kinds. The main purpose of descriptive research is to describe the state of affair. DATA RESOURCE:
(1)

PRIMARY DATA is collected through:

(a) questionnaire (b) Observation (c) Interview (2) SECONDARY DATA is collected through:

(a) magazine (b) Books (c) Websites (d) Reports (e) Files

Questionnaire
Q1.Your Organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy. Do you agree with this statement? Response No. Of Respondents Percentage (a)Agree13_52%, (b)Disagree1_4%, (c)PartlyAgree4_16%, (d)CantSay7 _28% Total 25 _100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that Organization considers training as a part of organizational strategy. Q2. How many training programmes will you attend in a year? Response No. of respondents Percentage(a)Less than 10:14_56%,(b)10 to 20: 2_ 8%,(c)020 to 40: 6 _24%, (d)More than 40 :3 _12%,Total :25_ 100%

INTERPRETATION:-The above chart indicates that less training programmes are held in the organization. Q3. To whom the training is given more in your organization? Response No. of respondents Percentage(a)Senior staff :3_ 12%,(b)Junior staff: 5 _20%,(c)New staff :6_ 24%, (d)Based on requirement :11_ 44%,Total 25 _100 % INTERPRETATION:-Training is provided on the basis of requirement. Q4. What are all the important barriers to Training and Development in your organization? Response No. of respondents Percentage(a)Time: 5 _20%, (b)Money: 4 _16%,(c)Lack of interest by staff :6 _24%, (d)Non-availability of skilled :10_ 40%,trainer Total :25_ 100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that the important barriers to Training and Development in the organization are Non-availability of skilled trainers. Q5. Enough practice is given for us during training session? Do you agree with this statement? Respondents No. of respondents Percentage(a)Strongly Agree: 14 _56%,(b)Agree :2 _8%,(c)Somewhat agree :6 _24%,(d)Disagree: 3_ 12%,Total: 25 _100% INTERPRETATION:-This graph indicates that enough practice is given for employees during training sessions. Q6. The training sessions conducted in your organization is useful. Do you agree with this statement?

Respondents No. of respondents Percentage(a) Strongly agree: 15 _60%,(b)Agree :5_ 20%,(c)Somewhat :5 _20%, (d)Disagree: 0 _0%,Total :25_ 100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that the training sessions conducted in the organization is useful. Q7. Employees are given appraisal in order to motivate them to attend the training. Do you agree with this statement? Respondents No. of respondents Percentage (a)Strongly Agree :14 _56%,(b)Agree :6 _24%,(c)Somewhat: 3 _12%, (d)Disagree :2 _8%,Total 25 100 INTERPRETATION:-The above graph shows that Employees are given appraisal in order to motivate them to attend the training. Q8. What are the skills that the trainer should possess to make the training effective? Respondents No. of respondents Percentage(a)Technical skills :8_ 32%,(b)People skills or Soft skills: 6 _24%, (c)Generalist makes better: 6 -24%,(d)Personnel managers than Specialist Fond of talking to people: 5_ 20%,Total : 25_ 100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that the trainer should possess technical skills to make the training effective Q9. What are the general complaints about the training session? Respondents No. of respondents Percentage(a)Take away precious time of employees:4_25%,(b)Too many gaps

between the sessions Training :10 _40%,(c)sessions are unplanned:6_15%,(d)Boring and not useful: 5_ 20%,Total : 25_ 100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that there are too many gaps between the training sessions. Q10. Reason for shortage of skilled man power at workplace are Respondents No. of respondents Percentage(a)Lack of planning: 5_ 20%,(b)Lack of support from senior staff:10_40%,(c)Lack of proper guidance and training at workplace:8_32%,(d)Lack of quality education at primary and secondarylevel:2_8%,Total :25 _100% INTERPRETATION:-The above graph indicates that reason for shortage of skilled man power atworkplace are lack of support from senior staff.

FINDINGS
1. The firms follow an effective training process. 2. The training is given to those employees who need it. 3. But the barrier for the training process in the organization is the non-availability of skilled trainers. 4. There are gaps between the training sessions organized by the company thats why trainees lost touch with that. 5. As the work load is much on employees therefore less attention is given to training sessions by the employees. 6. The Organization also appoints trainers from outside or from different firms to ensure better training to its employees

LIMITATIONS

Every scientific study has certain limitations and the present study is no more exception. These are: 1. The terminology used in the subject is highly technical in nature and creates a lot of ambiguity. 2. All the secondary data are required were not available. 3. Respondents were found hesitant in revealing opinion about supervisors and management.

CONCLUSIONS/ SUGGESTIONS
Under noted few suggestions cum conclusion can be taken as for implementation to reap furthers benefits. Making training and development process and entirely in house activity to reduce cost. It is found that the average age group of trainees are in their twenties or early thirties which signifies that the consumer durable industry need more of young blood as enthusiasm is an integral part of the industry. The maximum emphasis is given to job instruction methods where the trainee are made to understand their job thoroughly and the role they are going to play in performing their job. Lecture as well as the presentation is the major part of imparting the education and training them. The training objective are in keeping with needs and abilities of the trainee and it is this that proves to be the major reason for success of the training as whole... The trainee fill the feedback form and from time to time test are conducted to know the gauge the effectiveness of training to employee to check their memory if they retain anything or not. We think that time management is one of the thing on which Reliance Mobile team must emphasis so that there

employee can be more productive as it was found during the visit to the corporate office people they lack in managing themselves. Stress management training is more important for employee as it was observed that people are all the time in tension like situation as to how to do what to do when to do, no time and things like that which kept them tensed all time. Last but not least behavioural training is more important as while doing the study it was found that people are less cooperative and outgoing to help out.

CONCLUSION
The Project report on Training and Development at Reliance Money has given me an exposure to the real working in the company. I feel privileged to get practical exposure to various aspects of Human Resource Management such as functions of HR, records, joining formalities, induction program etc. Before starting my summer project I had an idea of conducting Training and Development only on the functions of Human Resource Management. But the company and especially Mrs.Nafisa Sheikh and Mr.Puneet Goyal provided me the entire universe to conduct the Training process. There were no restrictions on me for visiting any department or talking to any employee in the company regarding my project. All files and records were available, which helped me a lot in my project. This was a very live project for me because carrying out the entire process at my own gave me a great insight to learn

various aspects of Training and Development process in the company. I have gained a lot of knowledge during my tenure of two months at Reliance Money.

CHAPTER-6

BIBLIOGRAPHYBOOKS:
David A. Decenzo/Stephen P. Robins (2004) Personal and Human Resource Management A. Monappa (2004), Personal Management Allan Pepper (1999) A Handbook on Training and Development WEBSITES: www. Reliance money. com www.wikipedia.orgwww.naukrihub/training and development.com