Date 27th -1st October 2021

Length of time 2 Periods of 35 minutes each

Class Grade 9

Age 13-15 years

Ability Range Mixed

Learning Environment Indoor

Topic Introduction to Biology

Aim (s) To inform learners of the meaning and importance of science and
biology.

Personal Aim (s) To show learners usefulness and application of science and biology
in our everyday life

Teaching objective(s) The teacher should be able to:

explain the meaning of science

state the branches of science

discuss the processes of science

compare the differences and similarities between plans

and animal

guide the learners on how to apply scientific methods

Learning objective(s) By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

define science and biology.

analyze the process applied in Science.

report a scientific experiment

state the importance of science

explain the characteristics of living things

differentiate between plants and animals

Assumption The learners are familiar with the characteristics of living things
Possible solution Lesson continues

Biblical principle Dan 1vs 4; Children in whom was no blemish , but well favoured and
skilful in all wisdom and cunning in knowledge and understanding
science.

Key words Science, Biology, Hypothesis, Logos, Zoology, Genetics

Reference Essential Biology M.C. Michael. Extensive Biology Sunday O.

Teaching Aid Practical Experiment: To evaluate the effect of water and

sunlight on Bean seed.

The environment.

Procedure

Entry behavior; The teacher introduces the lesson by revising with the learners on
their previous knowledge on science

Step 1; Definition of terms

Science: Science is defined as a systematic process of making enquiry about the living and
non-living things in our environment. Human curiosity is one of the fundamental approaches
in the discovery of all scientific questions.

Biology: Biology is coined from two Greek words bios meaning life and logos meaning to
study, Therefore biology are simply defined as the study of life.

Branches of biology

Biology is basically grouped into two major branches. These are :

a. Zoology: this is the study of animals

b. Botany: this is the study of plants

other branches include;

a. Ecology. This is the study of plants and animals in relation to their environment

b. Morphology: This is the study of the external features of plants and animals

c. Anatomy: This is the study of the internal structures of plant and animals
d. Genetics: This is the scientific study of heredity and variation in living things.

Processes of Science

The processes of science involve the sequence of making enquiries about an object or thing
under study in science. Scientific methods of science take the following procedures;

1. Observation: This is the starting point of every scientific method. It involves the use of
sensors to describe what one has seen or felt about an object. Observation leads to
classification, interference and measurements

2. Hypothesis: This is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so
that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

3. Experiment: An experiment is conducted in the laboratory to test a hypothesis. It is

very important to use or follow the path as laid down by scientist when carrying out an
experiment or writing a scientific report. The steps includes;

1. Aim: This is to state the purpose of the experiment

2.Apparatus: This includes materials that will be used in the experiment

3. Method: This is to describe in detail the procedures that are required or the step-by-
step setup of the experiment

4. Observation: This record what was seen during and after the experiment has been set
up.

5.Conclusion: This is to draw conclusion on the outcome of the whole experiment based on
the final result and observations

Usefulness of science

Science and biology have too many good uses for the benefit of man. The usefulness of
science is limitless, below are some application of science;

1.Medicine: Science has contributed greatly to the manufacturing of vaccines and drugs
that are used today to cure various diseases of Man

2.Engineering: Ship building, skyscrapers, b ridges and roads have been designed and
constructed from the knowledge acquired from science

3. Agriculture: New breeds of animals and varieties of crops including fertilizers have
been developed and these have helped increase food production

4. Manufacturing industries: Various raw materials have been combined to manufacture

many finished products commonly used by man

5.Technology: Science has helped in the development of computers that have enhance the
efficiency of mankind in their activities

STEP 2: Characteristics of living things

Living and non-living things

All things occupying space on earth are either living or nonliving living things. Includes
plants and animals that have life while non-living things includes does things that do not
have life, examples of living things are rabbits, elephant, grass, mango, etc while examples
of non-living things include air, stone, water, table, house e t c.

Characteristics of living things

Living things are identified from non-living things by number of characteristics which
includes:

1. Movement: movement is defined as the ability of an organism to move his whole body or
part of his body from one place to another, organisms generally move with response to
stimuli to avoid danger to look for food.

2. Nutrition: nutrition is defined as the ability of living organisms to feed. Feeding is

important as it gives living things nutrients to carry out all Life processes such as
respiration, reproduction etc.

3. Respiration: respiration is defined as the exchange of gases between organisms and

their environment. Living organisms breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide

4. Excretion: this is defined as the removal of metabolic waste products from the body.
The process of excretion is important as an organism is capable of releasing all toxic
substances from its body.

5. Irritability: irritability is defined as the ability of organisms respond to stimuli. Stimuli

includes light, heat, pain, sound and chemical substances to which the living things respond
to.

6. Growth: this is defined as an irreversible or permanent increase in size during mass or

weight of an organism due to the addition of living protoplasmic materials. The importance
of growth is to enable the organism to repair or replace damaged or old tissues in their
bodies.

7. Reproduction: reproduction is defined as ability of living organisms to give birth to

young ones or offspring The importance of reproduction in living organisms is to ensure
continuity of life.

8. Adaptation: adaptation is the way living organisms get used to the environment in such a
manner that they would be comfortable. This is very important in other for a living
organism to survive in their habitat

9. Life span / Death: all living things have a limited period of existence therefore they
must die. A living thing must pass through five stages of Life namely; birth, growth,
maturity, declined and death

10. Competition: this is the ability of living things to struggle for all the necessities of life
in order to survive in their various environments. living things compete for food light,
space, water and mates in order to survive and continue existing.

Differences between plants and animals

Plants and animals are the two major groups of living things the following are differences
between them.

Plants Animals

Plants are not active and have no organs of Animals are active and have organs of
movement movement

Most green plants carry out animals cannot carry out photosynthesis
photosynthesis ( autotrophic) but not but depend on plants for their food they
green plants cannot( hero trophic) are heterotrophic

Plant have slow response to external Animals have fast response to external
stimuli stimuli

They possess no special excretory system Animals possess well-developed excretory

systems

They possess no special sense organs They possess special sense organs
 Gaseous exchange is through the entire Gaseous exchange is through special organs
body

growth is mainly restricted to growing Growth takes place in all parts of the body
regions

On Going Assessment Explain these terms; Autotrophic and Heterotrophic

Discuss the importance of science

Explain how animals adapt in their environment

Organization Individual activity

Differentiation Up and coming learners would be able to explain the

characteristics of living things

Middle rangers would be able to write out the meaning of the

acronym MR NIGER CAD

High flyers would be able to outline the differences between

plant and animal

Evaluation Explain any five characteristics of living things

In a tabular form, state three differences between plants and

animals

Outcome

Reflection

Summary All living organism exhibit characteristics of MR NIGER CAD

Conclusion By the end of the lesson the teacher gives and marks the notes.

Homework Why are viruses both living and non-living thing?