DENTISTRY 305: PHARMACOLOGY

PART 1 OF 2: VOICE RECORD TRANSCRIPTION SUMMARY

LECTURE/WK 3/A.Y. 2023-2024/PRELIMS

QUIZ 1  Median Effective Dose

 dose of a drug required to produce a specified
Schmiedeberg
intensity of effect in 50% individuals or dose
 Pharmacology as separate entity to make study where 50% of individuals respond
of drugs
LD50
Rudolf Bucheim
 Median Lethal Dose
 Pharmacology as empirical  Dose of drug (usually expressed as mg/kg) that
practiceexperimental practice kills 50% of the treated animals usually
rats/mice
Leon Ma. Guerrero
LC50
 Pioneered study of plants
 Median Lethal Concentration
What is a multiple entity drug?
 defined as the concentration in air at which 50%
 A drug with 2 or more active chemical of the test animals (rats or mice) died, usually
within 1 hour
Use of drugs:
How to conduct sterile technique before injection:
1. Diagnose of disease
2. Prevention of disease  Outward circular motion or
3. Treatment of disease  From one side to another
4. Prevention of pregnancy
Titration
Biological assay
 Process to minimize overdosage
 Quantitative stage  Intravenous is highly hazardous and cannot be
recalled, kaya it is important that the dosage is
Chemical assay: the right amount to be injected
 Introduce sa marke

Sa mims: MODIFYING RATES OF ABSORPTION

 X (food): before/without meal (at least 1 hr How to hasten drug absorption:
before meal)
 / (food): after/with meal (at least 2 hrs after  Warm compress
meal)  Muscular exercise by increasing blood flow
 ± (food): with/without meal ("Absorption," n.d.)
o Minsan may nakadugtong na better
How to slow down rate of absorption:
absorption with meal
 Application of cold
If you ate fatty foods slow ang possible absorption of
 Presence of epinephrine (vasoconstrictor)
drug. It is important to take consideration of what we
o Local anesthesia of dentists has two
eat because it will affect the amount of absorption and
types:
rate of absorption of the drug in our body.
1. With Epinephrine:
 Naeextend yung
numbing effect kasi
ED50
vasoconstrictor si
DENTISTRY 305: PHARMACOLOGY
PART 1 OF 2: VOICE RECORD TRANSCRIPTION SUMMARY
LECTURE/WK 3/A.Y. 2023-2024/PRELIMS

epinephrine. Si o Glycolipids or glycoprotein

epinephrine pinapaliit
nya yung diameter ng
blood vessels (BV) Biologic/Body membranes for drug to pass through:
hence masikip, at
nahihirapan magflow  Cellular membrane
ang blood. Kaya  Intracellular membrane
nagsestay ang  Capillary membrane
anesthetic agent with
epinephrine sa area Physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their
where you injected passage across biologic membranes (The drug particle
2. Without Epinephrine: should have certain character in order to pass through
 nawawala agad yung the body membranes):
effect ng gamot kasi
hindi nagcoconstrict 1. Lipid solubility
yung BV o Phospholipid responsible sa passage ng ions
 Shorter duration of o Lipid soluble dapat ang drug particle in
action order to pass through
 Nasa circulation sya 2. Degree of ionization
agad since this is not a o Non-ionized ang drug particle in order to
vasoconstrictor. pass through
Tendency, high o Highly acidic the environment (pH lower
systemic effect ng than 7) degree of ionization increases 
ganitong local drug particle cannot pass through the
anesthesia. biologic membrane
3. Molecular size and shape
Skin testing/Patch test
o Pag circle ang channel, at iba ang shape ng
 is a diagnostic tool/procedure for allergic drug particle, the drug particle can still pass
reaction through kahit anong shape nya as long as it
can fit sa channel or mas bigger ang channel
Intramuscular 90° kaysa sa drug particle
Intravenous 25°
Subcutanous 45°
Intradermal 10-15°
How the of drug particles pass through biologic
membrane:
Body membrane is composed of 1. PASSIVE TRANSFER: lipid soluble, non-ionized
 Protein and dapat small enough drug particles lang ang
 Lipids makakapass through
o Phospholipids are impermeable to ions o Simple diffusion
and polar molecules  High to low concentration
 the molecules can pass through o Filtration
base on their ionization and  May matitira, hindi lahat
polarity makakapass through
 Carbohydrates  Not small enough ang particle
2. SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT: for big particles
DENTISTRY 305: PHARMACOLOGY
PART 1 OF 2: VOICE RECORD TRANSCRIPTION SUMMARY
LECTURE/WK 3/A.Y. 2023-2024/PRELIMS

o Active transport: with ATP energy ang  Oral ROA is larger area of absorption
transport compared to rectal ROA with smaller area of
o Facilitated diffusion/Carrier mediated absorption
o Pinocytosis/Endocytosis: engulfing 5. Drug Solubility
 Oily vs watery solution aqueous faster
absorption
ABSORPTION: way of absorption of drug into circulation  Syrup vs. suspension syrup has faster
absorption
Bioavailability: process of drug absorption from
particular dose form

o Capsulebinuksan at tinunaw sa tubig

dosage nabawasan (poor bioavailability)
o Capsule hindi binuksan, ininum agad ang
capsule drug derecho sa stomach complete
ang dosage sa stomach HCl from stomach
tunaws the capsule  drug particles will labas
from the capsule

First Pass Effect:

o One way to waste yung drug component

o Happens when wrong ang route of
administration

Proper administration of drug

FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE ABSORPTION OF DRUGS

1. Lipid Solubility
2. Degree of Ionization
3. Molecular size and shape
4. Site of Absorption: