A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

BOOPATHIRAGAVAN J (732721225010)
HARI K (732721225020)
KUMARESH S (732721225024)
PUGALENTHIRAN A (732721225033)
VINOTH M (732721225046)
YUVARAJ P (732721225048)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

SRI SHANMUGHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY SANKARI, SALEM - 637304

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

 ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report is the bonafide work of

BOOPATHIRAGAVAN.J (732721225010), HARI.K (732721225020),
KUMARESH.S (732721225024), PUGALENTHIRAN.A(732727108036),
VINOTH.M (732721225046), YUVARAJ.P (732721225048) who carried out
the Production Project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr.K.MOHAN ME., Mr.K.MOHAN ME.,

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR

Department of Department of
Agricultural Engineering Agricultural Engineering
Sri Shanmugha College of Sri Shanmugha College of
Engineering &Technology Engineering & Technology
Sankari. Sankari.

INTERNALEXAMINER EXTERNALEXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank the GOD and Our Parents almighty for blessing us with
the mental and physical strength that was needed to carry out this project.

More words are not sufficient to express our thanks to our honorable
Chairman Thiru K.SHANMUGHAM and Vice Chairman

We place my profound thanks to Principal ,

Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology for
his whole hearted cooperation and encouraging works of appreciation
during the period of our project work.

We take this opportunity to express my immense pleasure with deep

Sense of gratitude to our Head of the Department of Agricultural
Engineering, Mr. K.MOHAN M.E, for the continuous help for our
Project.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our Project guide

Mr. K.MOHAN M.E, Agricultural Engineering for providing us an
Opportunity to work with him. His constant advice, appreciation and
Assessment have been very vital to provide the constant thrust to go on and
Complete this work. He has been the pillar of strength for us during this
Project work.

Finally we thank all the faculty members and technical team

Members of Agricultural Engineering Department who directly and
Indirectly contributed over the period of our project work.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLEPAGE
ABSTRACT
As per the latest data available with the Union government, against the
total agricultural land of 1,80,888 thousand hectares, the cultivated land in the
country is 1,53,888 thousand hectares. India's small-holder farmers comprise 78
percent of the country's farmers, but own only 33 percent of the total cultivated
land; they nonetheless produce 41 percent of the country's food-grains. Their
productivity is somewhat higher than that of medium- and large-size farms. There
are roughly 13 crore farming households in the country but the total tractor
population is only around 80 lakhs. Remaining farmers cannot afford tractors so
they can afford power weeders for their cultural practices in their field. The
cultural practices such as tillage, bed formation and leveling farmers rent tractors.
The main moto of this project is to overcome the situation of small scale farmers
by designing a frame for power weeder as an attachment to done several cultural
practices like weeding, tillage, bed formation,leveling etc..
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CHAPTER 1

1.INTRODUCTION

A subsoil plough, ridger, and leveller with a common frame in power

weeder is a versatile agricultural implement that can be used to perform a variety
of tillage operations. The subsoil plough is used to loosen and break up the subsoil
at different depths, the ridger is used to create ridges and furrows in the field, and
the leveller is used to smooth out the soil surface.

The common frame allows the three implements to be easily interchanged, making
it a very efficient and cost-effective way to perform multiple tillage operations in a
single pass.

Benefits of using a subsoil plough, ridger, and leveller with a common frame:

Versatility: The ability to perform multiple tillage operations with a single

implement makes it very versatile and adaptable to a variety of farming practices.

Efficiency: Interchanging the three implements is quick and easy, which can save a
significant amount of time and labor.
Cost-effectiveness: The common frame eliminates the need to purchase and
maintain separate implements for each tillage operation.
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CHAPTER 2

2.PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• Higher cost of implement for small -scale farmers.

• Poor Adaption of Mechanization

• Farmers cannot do different farm activities without any implements

• Implements can be used for various agricultural activities like field preparation,

Planting,sowing,threshing, irrigation.

• More time consumption for changing implement or skill required

• Lack of implements in market

• Small farmers often lack access to the latest technologies and information.

• That could help them improve their productivity and reduce their costs.

• This can make it difficult for them to compete with larger, more industrialized
farms.
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CHAPTER 3

3.LITERATURE SURVEY

Problem we identify on small scale farmers having small land holding capacity. So
they was unable to brought the equipments like tractor and other large implements
like Rotavator, sub soil plough, cheisel plough,Ridger,leveller.Large equipments
need more man power ,fuel energy and traction energy but small equipments does
not need more man power ,fuel energy amd traction energy. So they are able to buy
small power weeder equipment but they have not proper implements for that .So
we design the implements for the power weeder equipment .These implements are
used for intercultural operation in the field. These implements need one man power
for operation.

 The Materials collected are 15 feet L - Angle carbon steel , 2 feet Square
pipe , 7 feet Iron rod,half inch nuts and bolts , 18mm thickness metal sheet ,
welding rods and 1inch thickness rod
 The 15 feet L – Angle rod is cut into pieces for the power weeder dimension
of (1×1.5)m and welded the frame . 1inch thickness rod cut into two piece
for hitching the implement with power weeder equipment. 15 feet L-Angle
is cut into 5 pieces of 2.5 inches of length and cut the l Angle into L shape
for making sub soil plough and tilted into some degrees.
 The 2 feet Square pipe Is cut into C shape for making the leveller blade and
cut into pieces and 7 feet Iron rod is cut into 3 pieces for attaching the
implement to the frame for leveller and ridger.
 The 18mm thickness metal sheet is cut into triangle shape for sharper edge
of the blade to make the ridge in the soil and the metal piece cut into C
shape and welded with the shrlarper blade for making the width of
ridge .The 7feet iron rod cut into 3 pieces and one piece is used for attachin
the implement to the frame .
  The holes made on the frame , tynes and hitch points for attaching the
implement. The holes are made by using drilling machine and holed.

CHAPTER 4

4.METHODOLOGY

4.1Design Methodology
 Problem identification

Materials for the implement

Preparing layout

Preparing common frame for

the implement s

Preparing tynes for sub soil

plough, ridger, leveller

Joining the 3 different

implements to the common
frame for different practices

5.IMPLEMENT METHODOLOGY

5.1COMMON FRAME
 A frame with 5 holes for power weeder implement is a versatile tool that
can be used to attach a variety of implements to a power weeder. The five holes
allow the implement to be attached at different heights and angles, depending on
the task at hand.

It have a width of 47 cm.

BENEFITS:

 The frame can be used with a variety of implements, such as subsoil

ploughs, ridgers, levellers, and weeders. This makes it a valuable tool for
farmers who need to perform a variety of tillage and weed control tasks.
 The frame allows farmers to quickly and easily switch between implements,
without having to detach and reattach each one individually. This can save
farmers a significant amount of time and effort.
 The frame is a relatively inexpensive investment, and it can help farmers to
save money by eliminating the need to purchase multiple implements.

Figure 1 COMMON FRAME

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5.2SUBSOIL PLOUGH

A subsoil plough for power weeder is a type of agricultural implement

that is specifically designed to be used with a power weeder. A power weeder is a
type of tractor that is equipped with a rotating blade that is used to cut and weed
the soil.Subsoil ploughs for power weeders are typically smaller and lighter than
traditional subsoil ploughs. This makes them easier to maneuver and operate with a
power weeder. Subsoil ploughs for power weeders are also typically equipped with
a quick-attach system, which makes it easy to attach and detach them from the
power weeder. It can operated at the depth of (25-30 cm).

Benefits of using a subsoil plough with a power weeder:

 Loosening the subsoil can help to improve drainage and aeration, which can
lead to increased crop yields and improved crop quality.
 Subsoiling can help to break up weed roots and make it easier to control
weeds.
 Power weeders are more fuel-efficient than traditional tractors. This makes
them a cost-effective option for farmers.
 Power weeders are lighter than traditional tractors, which can help to reduce

soil compaction

Figure 2 SUBSOIL PLOUGH

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5.3RIDGER

A ridger for power weeder is an agricultural implement that is used to

create ridges and furrows in the field. This can be useful for a variety of purposes,
such as improving drainage, aeration, and root penetration. It can also help to
control weeds and pests.Ridgers for power weeders are typically smaller and
lighter than traditional ridgers. This makes them easier to maneuver and operate
with a power weeder. Ridgers for power weeders are also typically equipped with a
quick-attach system, which makes it easy to attach and detach them from the
power weeder.

It makes an ‘V' shape cut of 10 cm depth into the land to make ridges and furrows.

Benefits of using a ridger with a power weeder:

 Ridging help to improve drainage and aeration by creating channels for

water to flow through the soil. This can help to reduce the risk of
waterlogging and root rot.
 Ridging can also help to improve root penetration by breaking up hardpan
and other compacted layers. This can lead to healthier plants and increased
crop yields.
 It help to control weeds by creating a physical barrier between the weeds and
the crops. This can also make it easier to hand-weed or use herbicides.
 Ridging can also help to control pests by creating a barrier between the pests

and the crops. It can also help to trap pests in the furrows, where they can be
killed.

Figure 3 RIDGER
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5.4LEVELLER

A leveller for power weeder is an agricultural implement that is used to

smooth out the soil surface after planting or ridging. This can help to improve seed
germination and plant growth, as well as reduce the risk of erosion.Levellers for
power weeders are typically smaller and lighter than traditional levellers. This
makes them easier to maneuver and operate with a power weeder. Levellers for
power weeders are also typically equipped with a quick-attach system, which
makes it easy to attach and detach them from the power weeder. It covers the width
of 53 cm.

Benefits of using a leveller with a power weeder:

 A smooth soil surface helps to improve seed germination and plant growth
by providing a good environment for seeds to germinate and roots to grow.
 A smooth soil surface helps to reduce the risk of erosion by preventing water
from running off the surface of the soil and carrying away topsoil.
 A smooth soil surface can also help to improve drainage and aeration by

creating channels for water and air to flow through the soil.

Figure 4 leveller
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5.5MODIFIED IMPLEMENT

How to use subsoil plough, ridger, and leveller with a common frame:

A subsoil plough, ridger, and leveller with a common frame can be used for a
variety of agricultural applications, including:

• Preparing land for planting

• Improving drainage and aeration
• Ridging and earthing up crops
• Levelling the soil surface
• Incorporating fertilizer and manure into the soil
• This versatile and efficient implement is a valuable asset for any farmer or
agricultural business.

Figure 5 MODIEFIED IMPLEMENT WITH SOBSOIL PLOUGH, RIDGER AND

LEVELLER

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BUDGET

S. No Category Cost (In rupees)

1 L angle 700

2 Metal sheet 100

3 Welding rod 80

4 Square pipe 180

5 Iron rod 140

6 Nuts and bolts 95

7 Others 180

Total 1475

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 CONCLUSION

It Reduces the number of people employed in Different farm activities thereby

reducing manpower, time and effort taken which consequently increases the
overall productivity.Reduces the implement costs but also improves labor
efficiency. It is very useful where labor scarcity is an issueReduce lack of
implements in marketAdoption of new mechanisation for small scale
farmers.Implements can be used for various agricultural activities like field
preparation, planting, sowing, threshing, irrigation
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