OUR LADY OF ASSUMPTION COLLEGE OF LAGUNA, INC.
City of San Pedro
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
“The Relationship between Work and Academic
Performance of Grade 11 Working Students of Our Lady of
Assumption College of Laguna Inc, A.Y.:2023-2024”
RESEARCHERS:
Gaspar, Cristel Avril, S.
Rosales, James Howard
Morada, Rojan Tef, M.
De Guzman, Louise Justin, F.
Cruz, Arnel, O. Jr.
Ondo, Felzen Hard
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OUR LADY OF ASSUMPTION COLLEGE OF LAGUNA, INC.
City of San Pedro
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND________________III
INTRODUCTION____________________________________________________III
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY______________________________________V
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK_______________________________________VI
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK_______________________________________VII
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM____________________________________VIII
HYPOTHESIS______________________________________________________X
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS_________________________________________XI
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY_____________________________________XI
DEFINITION OF TERMS___________________________________________XII
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES__XIV
LOCAL LITERATURE______________________________________________XIV
FOREIGN LITERATURE____________________________________________XV
LOCAL STUDIES_________________________________________________XVI
FOREIGN STUDIES________________________________________________XVII
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY____________________________
RESEARCH DESIGN____________________________________________________
DATA ANALYSIS______________________________________________________
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY_________________________________________
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA______________________________
LOCALT OF THE STUDY_______________________________________________
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CHAPTER I:
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Students that work jobs in addition to their studies are known as working students.
These are students who work full- or part-time jobs. These students balance their work
and school obligations in a variety of ways. Among the challenges they face some
issues with their mental and physical health, such as not having enough time for study
sessions, rest periods, self-care, interacting with others, and other activities. On the
other hand, there are some advantages for being a working student, such as financial
aid, job experience, knowledge, and the ability to work independently.
Therefore Student employment can have an impact on social life, financial planning,
flexibility, mental and physical health, and other elements of the students' lives in
addition to their academic success. Financial difficulties are a specific factor for some
student’s decision to work while they are in school; as we all know, not everyone has
the means to pay for college tuition.
Because of the poverty in our country (the Philippines), a lot of families have chosen
not to pursue higher education. Parents decide whether to send their child to college in
order to pursue their ideal career. More than one in five Filipinos currently hold a high
school diploma, according to the most recent data from the Philippine Statistics
Authority. This represents a major turning point in the education department's two-
decade campaign to increase access to secondary education, according to Philstar
Global Headlines (2023). Over 21% of Filipinos, up from 19% in 2010 and 13% in
2000, have achieved at least a high school education, according to the PSA census
conducted in 2020.Similarly, more than 16% of Filipinos completed high school and
are currently enrolled in college. Filipinos are currently receiving more schooling than
not at all. The percentage of Filipinos without any formal education was down to just
3% in 2020, from 4% in 2010 and 8% in 2000. In the Philippines, the majority of
people decide not to pursue higher education. Students who work have different
experiences depending on their devotion to their academics, type of job, and time
constraints.
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Despite the difficulties, a large number of students who work find their careers
rewarding and view them as chances for both professional and personal growth. It is
crucial that academic staff members and universities encourage working students by
making accommodations for their schedule and budget. All things considered, working
students are a varied set of people who manage the demands of their studies and jobs to
reach their objectives.
In Additions, despite this, a large portion of the working students at Our Lady of
Assumption College are college students and seniors in high school. Due to various
circumstances, they typically work at fast food restaurants, where they are fully
accepted and don't have to worry about their schedules for their studies. The employer
adjusts for their schedules, paying them fairly and treating them with respect. They are
also good at managing their time and hardworking. The majority of working students
do so because they genuinely want to follow their aspirations in order to support their
families and themselves.
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Background of the Study
The Wikipedia defines a working student or part-time student as an unconventional
learner who pursues higher education while living off campus, usually after reaching
maturity, and having obligations to their family and/or jobs. Less course credits taken
in a semester than full-time students determines a student's classification as a part-time
student. There are several reasons why students who are enrolled part-time can decide
to complete their education part-time. One advantage of part-time higher education is
the chance to manage coursework with other personal obligations, such as family,
work, and other commitments. Part-time students will not be able to enroll in every
program. Depending on the institution, different programs may be offered in a part-
time style.
As a result, students who are part-time or who work while attending school frequently
struggle to balance their studies and employment. Among the numerous questions this
raises is how their work impacts their well-being and academic achievement, while
mentioned in the opening, working while a student can have a detrimental effect on
academics and stress levels. Additionally, it may reduce students' schedule flexibility,
leaving them more susceptible to emergencies. Students' social lives and mental health
may also suffer as a result of their employment.
In addition, these students went through a lot of difficulties in both their work and
academic careers. Time restrictions, a lack of in-person connection and mobilization,
mental and physical limitations, and grievances from friends and family on a decrease
in quality time are some of these difficulties.
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Theoretical Framework
The Theory of Working Students (TWS)
According to (Watts & Pickering, 2002) The working student theory. College students
who work are always looking for meaningful jobs and opportunities for personal
growth. They talk about lack of concentration for studies as a result of lack of sleep,
insufficient time that results in lower quality of their school assignments or even failure
to meet the school requirements, and missing classes.
According to (Boehner & McKeon, 2003; College Board, 2003), considering that 74%
of undergraduates work an average of 25.5 hours a week while enrolled in classes, it is
surprising how little is known about the effects of off-campus employment on
undergraduates and how those effects vary with the number of hours worked. In our
study of first-year students at a small liberal arts institution, we discovered that off-
campus workers' academic achievement was on par with that of non-workers. Notably,
students who worked 10–19 hours per week outperformed all other students, working
and non-working, in terms of academic achievement, hours studied, and grades.
We propose that the improved performance is the result of a work-college balance that
is ideal because it creates structure and discipline, which cannot be attained by working
excessively few or excessively many hours. However, students have to weigh the
advantages of efficiency and organization against higher stress levels and less time for
socializing.
(Noted among students who work off-campus for more than 10 hours per week).
Additionally, per research. Internationally, there is a growing trend of including
students in some full-time jobs. As another study from thirty years ago pointed out,
working while studying offers kids a natural feel of the requirements that must be
satisfied for it to work in one's career later on.
There are benefits to working during the semester, such as learning time management
skills and building a strong work ethic; our estimates show that 20% of Grade 11
students at Our Lady of Assumption College work to support their financial needs.
These students also tend to achieve lower grades and experience more stress.
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Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. What is the 1. Improve in their
demographic profile of management of work
the respondents in terms and academics.
of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender 2. Better time
1.3 Type of job management.
2. How many hours per
week do you dedicate to
3. Increase in their
your work commitments?
efficiency in work and
knowledge in
3. On the scale from 1- 5,
SURVEY FORM academics.
how satisfied are you
with your current job?
4. Have you experienced 4. Acknowledge the
any noticeable changes in others’ experiences and
academic performance use it to their advantage.
since starting your work
commitments?
5. To what extent does
financial compensation
influence your decision to
work while studying?
FEEDBACK
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OUR LADY OF ASSUMPTION COLLEGE OF LAGUNA, INC.
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COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine The Relationship between Work and Academic
Performance of Grade 11 Working Students of Our Lady Of Assumption College of
Laguna Inc., A.Y.: 2023-2024.
Specifically, It sought to answer the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age:
a. 15-17 years old
b. 18-19 years old
c. 19+ years old
1.2 Gender:
a. Female
b. Male
1.3 Type of Job:
2. How many hours per week do you dedicate to your work commitments?
a. Less than 10 hours
b. 10-20 hours
c.21-30 hours
3. On the scale from 1- 5, how satisfied are you with your current job?
a. 1
b.2
c.3
d.4
e.5
4. Have you experienced any noticeable changes in academic performance since
starting your work commitments?
a. Improved
b. stayed the same
c. declined
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5. To what extent does financial compensation influence your decision to work while
studying?
a. Major influence
b. Moderate influence
c. Minor influence
d. No influence
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HYPOTHESIS
According to Triventi, M. (2013) It is probably going to discover that students who are
not employed perform and advance academically more successfully than those who are.
Nevertheless, these variations might not be connected to the detrimental impact of
employment in general, but to pre-existing disparities between the two student groups
that were either noticed or not, like motivation, aptitude, and social background.
(Warren et al. 2000; Warren 2002) students who work can consistently differ from
students who are not employed, such as by displaying a higher tendency to work as a
result of their prior educational experiences when they received subpar grades, or they
Think less highly of academic achievement than other students. Consequently, working
students' poor performance could be an indication of a disengagement from the
classroom that starts earlier than the student body enters the workforce. Consequently,
the "negative selection-to-work" method foretells that the academic advancement of
working students and nonworking students will differ vanish when their innate traits
are taken into account. he "negative selection-to-work" hypothesis, however, has
mostly been developed with reference to high school student projects.
Therefore the condition of workers and students is higher since this level of schooling
is optional; however, it could be different. High school dropouts who choose to
continue their education at a university should be aware that they will need to handle
work and learning at a higher level, which is relatively more difficult than working or
going to school on their own. As a result, they might generally be quite driven to
pursue university education, largely viewing employment as a means of funding their
study. As a result, the demanding nature of working students will have a negative
impact on academic advancement; however their capacity for adjustment concurrently
with employment and learning could help them in their academic studies making their
credits accumulation similar to that of Non-working students.
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Scope and Limitations
This study focuses on The Relationship between Work and Academic Performance of
the selected Senior High School Students of Our Lady of Assumption College Laguna
Inc. The data collection will be conducted to 92 selected students in Our Lady of
Assumption College Inc. A.Y. 2023 - 2024 who will represent the population.
This study will not cover other problems that are not consider as one of the stressors.
Each of the respondents is given the same questionnaires to answer. The results of this
study will be applicable only for the working students, and will not be used as a
measure to effects to the academic performance of the students who do not belong to
the population of this study. The main source of data will be the questionnaires, which
is prepared by the researchers.
Significance of the Study
This research will be beneficial to the following:
Working Students They are studying also have better developed educational
experiences, as well as higher levels of subjective well-being and self-change potential.
Working while in school, however, can also have detrimental implications on students'
lives, including less freedom, financial planning, and detrimental effects on social and
mental health.
Students - - It gives academic institutions a better understanding of the particular
difficulties and experiences these students confront. It enables academic institutions to
pinpoint the elements that support their wellbeing and academic achievement.
Universities - Universities may improve the environment and resources available to
working students to help them thrive both academically and professionally by taking
into account their experiences. Furthermore, examining the dimensions and makeup
can assist academic institutions in improving the environment and infrastructure.
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The Student Labor Force - Can offer perceptions into the possible effects of student
employment on labor markets in the European Union
Student Success- Researching working students provides insights into effective
strategies for academic achievement and student retention, benefiting not only working
students but also the broader student population.
Achieving Insights- Understanding how working students achieve success provides
valuable insights for schools to support all working students.
School Administrators and Teachers- They will know the effects of working
while studying to the students and they will also understand the struggles of the
students.
Future works- They will have a better opportunity for them and they will also have
the experience of working..
Future Researchers- This study will acknowledge the future researchers, they will
have a legitimate information about this particular topic.
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Definition of Words
To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein:
Academic Performance – The measurement of the learning level achieved by students
and is considered the key indicator of the effectiveness of educational institutions.
Financial Difficulties – is where a borrower cannot make repayments to existing credit
or they can only do so with difficulty because of a change in their circumstances took
place after the credit was provided.
Undergraduates – is a college or university student who is not a graduate student.
Work Commitment – The level of enthusiasm an employee has towards his/her tasks
assigned at a workplace. It is the feeling of responsibility has toward the goals, mission
and vision of the organization he/she is associated with.
Working Student – Is a student who combines their studies with employment. This
can either be part – time or full – time work.
CHAPTER II
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the important aspects of the main components of the
study. Each relevant section is organized under relevant local and foreign
literature and related local and foreign studies. By doing this, researchers
get sufficient background and references for continued research.
Local Literature
Status of Working Students in Tanay Senior High School as Basis for SAGWAN:
Special Assistance and Guidelines of Working Students for Their Academic Nurturing
Vanessa Vinzon | Arnel Bias
The research aimed to assess the situation of employed students at Tanay Senior High
School during the first semester of the 3-2 learning approach, specifically in the
academic year 2022-2023. Additionally, it sought to examine the difficulties faced by
both the working students and their teachers, along with proposing potential solutions
to address these issues. Furthermore, the goal was to develop an action plan to support
working students in continuing their education. The study employed both quantitative
and qualitative research methods, utilizing a researcher-designed questionnaire and
focus group discussions to gather data from two groups of participants: 10 class
advisers overseeing working students and 32 working students from various Grade 11
and Grade 12 strands enrolled in the academic year 2022-2023. The findings revealed
that while employers are aware of their employees' student status, only 25% of students
have formal agreements with their employers, and just 12 students have work plans
accommodating their class schedules. Concerning academic performance, teachers
noted that despite the challenges, working students showed enthusiasm for learning and
were able to perform adequately overall, though punctuality and regular attendance
were areas of concern.
Foreign Literature
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Working during School and Academic Performance.
Ralph Stinebrickner, Berea College
Todd R. Stinebrickner, University of Western Ontario
Utilizing fresh, unique data from a college that requires work-study, the link between
working during intellectual and school achievements. Special consideration is given to
the significance of potential biases owing of the quantity of hours worked is determined
by the person's endogenous choice.The findings imply that, even when findings seem
plausible, a researcher should exercise caution when making policy judgments
regarding the connection between the number of hours worked and a certain outcome
of interest, unless they are certain that possible issues related to The endogenyeity of
hours has received sufficient attention. Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2
(April 2003), pp. 473
Addressing the endogeneity of labor hours in empirical research in a credible manner is
usually exceedingly challenging. It's true that specific personal qualities might be able
to record some elements of the criteria, such motivation. But considering the wide
range of differences in academic achievement that usually remains unaccounted for
even after accounting for available individual qualities, it's possible that incorporating
distinct qualities offers just a little degree of defense against this kind of endogeneity.
Theoretically, instrumental variable (IV) estimators offer an attractive a solution to the
endogeneity issue. But in actuality, it's frequently challenging to locate devices that
both adequately explain of the fluctuation in work schedules and have no bearing on a
person's academic achievement other than how they affect hours of work.
Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April 2003), pp. 474jstor
Working in the Classroom and Academic Achievement .degree to which estimates of
the effect could be skewed by the endogeneity of hours of employment on scholastic
achievement. The information was acquired.Straight from Berea College's
administrative files. Situated in this liberal arts college in central Kentucky is dedicated
to giving people who "have great promise, but limited" access to education financial
means. In keeping with this goal, each and every student who attends Berea is awarded
full scholarships. A portion of the price of education is paid for via a required work-
study program. Despite the requirement that all students labor a minimum of 10 hours
each week, differences in the number of hours worked occurs because students
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frequently have the option to get increased money by putting in more time at work.
Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April 2003), pp. 475
The question of whether working while in school improves or detracts from academic
achievement has been debated for many years. An increasing number of students are
discovering that working while in school is required due to the escalating cost of
education. This review of the literature investigates the relationship between college
students' academic achievement and part-time employment, taking into account
variables such student demographics, type of employment, and hours worked
Local Studies
The study on the relationship between time management abilities and academic
performance of students was conducted at Mariano Peralta National High School’s
Open High School Program. Descriptive correlational design was employed and
stratified random sampling technique was used. Data were gathered with the use of
adapted survey questionnaire. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis
using Percentage, Mean and Spearman status correlation. Results revealed that most of
the respondents exhibit good level of time management skills. With the academic
performance, majority of the respondents belonged to approaching proficiency level
which means that most of the respondents have developed fundamental knowledge and
skills, with minimal guidance from the teacher or with peers, and can transfer them
through authentic tasks. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a very high
positive significant relationship between time management skills and academic
performance of the respondents, which means that cultivating time management skills
or abilities among the working students enrolled in open high school programs can
significantly improve their academic performance. Hence, it is recommended that
schools may consider designing relevant programs which will cultivate working
students’ time management skills and thereby improving their academic success.
Foreign Studies
High school students doing part-time jobs has increased significantly. The likelihood of
part-time employment among high school students has doubled since 1950. Even
though a lot of teenagers work between the ages of 12 and 17, there isn't that much
actual data regarding how part-time jobs affect scholastic achievement. The effects of
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part-time work during the school year on academic achievement—as measured by the
standardized achievement scores and high school grades earned in four subject areas—
were investigated using the nationally representative sample of 10th graders from the
First Follow-Up of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS-88).
(Singh, K., 2010, p. 131 - 139). And in addition to this, according to Green,G. And
Jaquess,S. N. (1987)
At Moore High School in Moore, Oklahoma, data were gathered in an effort to
investigate an association. Information about the 477 high school juniors who were
enrolled in regular compulsory English classes included their ACT test results,
employment status, number of hours worked per week, and involvement in
extracurricular activities. There were 281 working students and 196 unemployed
students in the sample. The two groups' cumulative GPAs did not differ much. On the
ACT, however, kids without jobs performed noticeably better. The involvement in
extracurricular activities was the only variable that demonstrated a significant
difference in school-related activity. Students with jobs participated in fewer
extracurricular activities, with girls reporting lower levels of involvement than boys.
The study's conclusions do not demonstrate that a student's employment has a
materially detrimental effect on their academic performance. Additionally, most
students who responded to the survey had a favorable opinion of their part-time jobs.
The authors contend that educators should be more cognizant of these findings and
encouraging of students who are employed. (Green, G., Jaquess, S. N., 1987, p. 325 -
329)
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