PART---A
1. Implement a point to pint network with four nodes and duplex links between them. Analyze the
network performance by setting the queue size and varying the bandwidth.
set ns [ new Simulator]
set tf [ open lab1.tr w ]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [ open lab1.nam w ]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns color 1 "red"
$ns color 2 "blue"
$n0 label "Source/udp0"
$n1 label "Source/udp1"
$n2 label "Router"
$n3 label "Destination/Null"
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 10Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 300ms DropTail
$ns set queue-limit $n0 $n2 10 $ns set queue-limit $n1 $n2 10 $ns set queue-limit $n2 $n3 5
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
set null3 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null3
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
$udp0 set class_ 1
$udp1 set class_ 2
$ns connect $udp0 $null3
$ns connect $udp1 $null3
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500Mb
rate is high #then packets drops are high.
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.005
proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam lab1.nam &
close $tf
close $nf
exit 0
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 10.0 "finish"
$ns run
#AWK
BEGIN
#include<stdio.h>
count=0;
if($1=="d") #d stands for the packets drops.
count++
END
printf("The Total no of Packets Dropped due to Congestion :
%d\n\n", count)
Output:
ns lab1.tcl
awk –f lab1.awk lab1.tr
The Total no of packets Dropped due to congestion:4560
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________
2. Implement a four node point to point network with links n0-n2, n1-n2 and n2-n3. Apply TCP agent
between n0-n3 and UDP between n1-n3. Apply relevant applications over TCP and UDP agents
changing the parameter and determine the number of packets sent by TCP/UDP.
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open lab2.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab2.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns color 1 "red"
$ns color 2 "blue"
$n0 label "source/TCP"
$n1 label "source/UDP"
$n2 label "Router"
$n3 label "destination"
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 100Mb 1ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2
100Mb 1ms DropTail $ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 100Mb 1ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 color "green"
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 label "from 0-2"
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 color "green"
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 label "from 1-2"
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 color "green"
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 label "from 2-3"
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR] $cbr1 attach-agent
$udp1 set null3 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null3
$ftp0 set packetSize_ 500
$ftp0 set interval_ 0.001
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 500
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.001
$tcp0 set class_ 1
$udp1 set class_ 2
$ns connect $udp1 $null3
proc finish { } {
global ns nf tf
$ns flush-trace
exec nam lab2.nam &
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns at 0.2 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run
#AWK
BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
tcp=0;
udp=0;
if($1=="r"&&$3=="2"&&$4=="3"&& $5=="tcp")
tcp++;
if($1=="r"&&$3=="2"&&$4=="3"&&$5=="cbr")
udp++;
END{
printf("\n Total number of packets sent by TCP : %d\n",tcp);
printf("\n Total number of packets sent by UDP : %d\n",udp);
Output:
ns lab2.tcl
awk –f lab2.awk lab2.tr
Total number of packets sent by TCP: 1200
Total number of packets sent by UDP: 4500
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________
3. Implement an Ethernet LAN using n nodes (6-10), change the error rate and data rate and compare
the throughput.
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open lab5.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open lab5.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
$ns color 1 "red"
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
set n5 [$ns node]
set n6 [$ns node]
$n1 label "Source/UDP"
$n3 label "Error Node"
$n5 label "Destination"
$ns make-lan "$n0 $n1 $n2 $n3" 10Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3
$ns make-lan "$n4 $n5 $n6" 10Mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n6 100Mb 10ms DropTail
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp1
set cbr1 [ new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
set null5 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n5 $null5
$ns connect $udp1 $null5
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 1000
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.0001
$udp1 set class_ 1
set err [new ErrorModel]
$ns lossmodel $err $n3 $n6
$err set rate_ 0.2;
proc finish { } {
global nf ns tf
exec nam lab5.nam &
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr1 start"
$ns run
#AWK
BEGIN
#include <stdio.h>
pkt=0;
time=0
if($1="r" && $3=="8" && $4=="5")
pkt=pkt+$6
time=$2
END
printf(" Throughput: %fMbps\n\n",(pkt/time)*(8/1000000));
Output:
ns lab5.tcl
awk –f lab5.awk lab5.tr
Throughput:148Mbps
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______
4. Implement Ethernet LAN using n nodes and assign multiple traffic to the nodes and obtain
congestion window for different sources/ destinations.
set val(stop) 10;
set ns [new Simulator]
set tf [open exp4.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf
set nf [open exp4.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
$ns make-lan "$n0 $n1 $n2 $n3" 10mb 10ms LL Queue/DropTail Mac/802_3
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink3
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink3
set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $tcp2
set ftp2 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp2 attach-agent $tcp2
set sink1 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink1
$ns connect $tcp2 $sink1
set file1 [open file1.tr w]
$tcp0 attach $file1
$tcp0 trace cwnd_
$tcp0 set maxcwnd_ 10
set file2 [open file2.tr w]
$tcp2 attach $file2
$tcp2 trace cwnd_
proc finish { } {
global nf tf ns
$ns flush-trace
exec nam exp4.nam &
exec xg/xg/bin/xgraph tcp2 tcp1
close $nf
close $tf
exit 0
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 1.5 "$ftp0 stop"
$ns at 2 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 3 "$ftp0 stop"
$ns at 0.2 "$ftp2 start"
$ns at 2 "$ftp2 stop"
$ns at 2.5 "$ftp2 start"
$ns at 4 "$ftp2 stop"
$ns at 5.0 "finish"
$ns run
#AWK
BEGIN{
#include<stdio.h>
if($6=="cwnd_")
printf("%f \t %f \n", $1,$7);
END
puts "DONE"
Output:
ns lab7.tcl
awk –f lab7.awk file1.tr>tcp1
awk –f lab7.awk file2.tr>tcp2
xgraph –x “time” –y “convalue ” tcp1 tcp2
Note: To set the foreground and background color of the graph choose the appropriate options by
giving xgraph –
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________
5. Implement ESS with transmission nodes in Wireless LAN and obtain the performance parameters.
set val(stop) 10;
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround;
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;
set val(mac) Mac/802_11;
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;
set val(ll) LL;
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna;
set val(ifqlen) 50;
set val(nn) 3;
set val(rp) DSDV;
set val(x) 580;
set val(y) 545;
set val(stop) 10.0;
#Create a ns simulator
set ns [new Simulator]
#Setup topography object
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y)
create-god $val(nn)
#Open the NS trace file
set tracefile [open exp5.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
#Open the NAM trace file
set namfile [open exp5.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile $val(x) $val(y)
set chan [new $val(chan)];#Create wireless channel
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channel $chan \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace ON
#Create 3 nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
$n0 set X_ 203
$n0 set Y_ 303
$n0 set Z_ 0.0
$ns initial_node_pos $n0 20
set n1 [$ns node]
$n1 set X_ 343
$n1 set Y_ 359
$n1 set Z_ 0.0
$ns initial_node_pos $n1 20
set n2 [$ns node]
$n2 set X_ 480
$n2 set Y_ 445
$n2 set Z_ 0.0
$ns initial_node_pos $n2 20
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink2
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink2
$tcp0 set packetSize_ 1500
#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp1 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp1
set sink3 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n2 $sink3
$ns connect $tcp1 $sink3
$tcp1 set packetSize_ 1500
#Setup a FTP Application over TCP connection
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns at 1.0 "$ftp0 start"
$ns at 2.0 "$ftp0 stop"
#Setup a FTP Application over TCP connection
set ftp1 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp1 attach-agent $tcp1
$ns at 1.0 "$ftp1 start"
$ns at 2.0 "$ftp1 stop"
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam exp5.nam &
exit 0
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn) } { incr i } {
$ns at $val(stop) "\$n$i reset"
$ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)"
$ns at $val(stop) "finish"
$ns at $val(stop) "puts \"done\" ; $ns halt"
$ns run
#AWK
BEGIN
#include<stdio.h>
count1=0
count2=0
pack1=0
pack2=0
time1=0
time2=0
{
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_1_"&&$4=="AGT")
count1++
pack1=pack1+$8
time1=$2
if($1=="r"&&$3=="_2_"&&$4=="AGT")
count2++
pack2=pack2+$8
time2=$2
END
printf("The Throughput from n0 to n1: %fMbps\n",
((count1*pack1*8)/(time1*1000000)))
Printf("The Throughput from n1 to n2: %f Mbps", ((count2* pack2 * 8)
/(time2*1000000)))
Output:
ns lab8.tcl
awk –f lab8.awk lab8.tr
The Throughput from n0 to n1: 5444Mbps
The Throughput from n1 to n2: 345Mbps
_____________________________________________________________________________________
__
6. Implementation of Link state routing algorithm.
set val(stop) 10.0 ;# time of simulation end
#Create a ns simulator
set ns [new Simulator]
#Open the NS trace file
set tracefile [open expt6.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
#Open the NAM trace file
set namfile [open expt6.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
#Create 5 nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
#Createlinks between nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n1 50
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n1 $n2 50
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n2 50
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 50
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n1 $n3 50
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n3 $n4 50
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n3 100.0Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns queue-limit $n0 $n3 50
$ns cost $n0 $n2 1
$ns cost $n0 $n1 2
$ns cost $n0 $n3 3
$ns cost $n1 $n2 2
$ns cost $n1 $n3 3
$ns cost $n2 $n3 1
$ns cost $n3 $n4 2
#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient left-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient left-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n3 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n3 $n4 orient right
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n3 orient right-down
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set null1 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n4 $null1
$ns connect $udp0 $null1
$udp0 set packetSize_ 1500
#Setup a CBR Application over UDP connection
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 1000
$cbr0 set rate_ 1.0Mb
$cbr0 set random_ null
$ns at 1.0 "$cbr0 start"
$ns at 2.0 "$cbr0 stop"
#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam expt6.nam &
exit 0
$ns at $val(stop) "$ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop)"
$ns at $val(stop) "finish"
$ns at $val(stop) "puts \"done\" ; $ns halt"
$ns run
NO AWK..!
