Cryster Dhen M.

Baena
Assignment 1
BS-Crim 1

1. Types of software and hardware

• Input

Ten typical categories of input software

1. Keyboard Drivers: These enable your computer to recognize and process keystrokes from your
keyboard.

2. Mouse Drivers: These allow your computer to interpret mouse movements and clicks.

3. Touchpad Drivers: If you're using a laptop or a touchpad-equipped device, these drivers are necessary
for touchpad functionality.

4. Graphic Tablet Software: For digital artists or designers, graphic tablet software like Wacom's
drivers enable precise input from graphic tablets.

5. Speech Recognition Software: Examples include Dragon NaturallySpeaking or Windows Speech

Recognition, which convert spoken words into text.

6. Scanner Software: For scanning documents or images, software like Adobe Acrobat or scanner-
specific drivers are needed.

7. Barcode Scanning Software: Used in inventory management and retail, these software solutions
interpret data from barcode scanners.

8. Game Controller Software: For gaming peripherals like Xbox controllers or gaming mice,
specialized drivers and software may be required.

9. Virtual Keyboard Software: These on-screen keyboards are useful for touchscreen devices or
situations where a physical keyboard is not available.

10. Character Recognition (OCR) Software: OCR software like Adobe Acrobat or ABBYY Fine
Reader can convert scanned text or images into editable digital text.
• Output

1. Operating Systems: Operating systems like Windows, macOS, Linux, or Android serve as the primary
software that manages and controls hardware, providing the interface through which users interact with their
computers or devices.

2. Web Browsers: Browsers like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge display web content,
allowing users to access websites and online resources.

3. Word Processing Software: Programs like Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Writer are used for
creating, editing, and formatting text documents.

4. Spreadsheet Software: Applications like Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and LibreOffice Calc allow users to
create and manipulate spreadsheets for data analysis and calculations.

5. Presentation Software: Tools like Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, and LibreOffice Impress enable
users to create and deliver presentations with slides, multimedia, and animations.

6. Media Players: Software like VLC Media Player, Windows Media Player, and iTunes are used to play audio
and video files.

7. Graphics Software: Applications like Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and CorelDRAW are used for creating and
editing images and graphics.

8. 3D Modeling and Rendering Software: Tools like Blender, Autodesk Maya, and Cinema 4D are used for
creating 3D models and animations.

9. Document Readers: Software like Adobe Acrobat Reader allows users to view and interact with PDF
documents.

10. Printer and Plotter Drivers: These drivers facilitate communication between the computer and output devices
like printers and plotters, ensuring that documents are printed or plotted correctly.
 2. Types of Software

• Application Software (10)

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1. Word Processing Software:

Microsoft Word
Google Docs
LibreOffice Writer

2. Spreadsheet Software:
Microsoft Excel
Google Sheets
LibreOffice Calc

3. Presentation Software:
Microsoft PowerPoint
Google Slides
LibreOffice Impress

4. Email Clients:
Microsoft Outlook
Mozilla Thunderbird
Gmail (webmail)

5. Web Browsers:
Google Chrome
Mozilla Firefox
Microsoft Edge

6. Graphic Design and Photo Editing Software:

Adobe Photoshop
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
Adobe Illustrator

7. Video Editing Software:

Adobe Premiere Pro
Final Cut Pro (for macOS)
DaVinci Resolve

8. Antivirus and Security Software:

Norton Antivirus
McAfee
Bitdefender

9. Database Management Software:

Microsoft Access
MySQL
Oracle Database

10. Project Management Software:

Microsoft Project
Trello
Asana

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• System Software (10)

1. Operating System (OS): The core system software that manages hardware resources, provides services
for software applications, and allows users to interact with the computer. Examples include Microsoft
Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

2. Device Drivers: These are software components that allow the operating system to communicate with
and control hardware devices such as printers, graphics cards, and network adapters.

3. Firmware: Low-level software embedded in hardware devices, including BIOS/UEFI firmware in

computers and firmware in devices like smartphones and routers.

4. Utilities: System utilities perform various tasks such as disk management (Disk Cleanup, Disk
Defragmenter), system maintenance (Task Scheduler), and troubleshooting (Event Viewer).

5. Bootloader: Software responsible for loading the operating system into memory during startup. GRUB
and Windows Boot Manager are examples.

6. Virtualization Software: Enables the creation and management of virtual machines, allowing multiple
operating systems to run on a single physical machine. Examples include VMware, VirtualBox, and Hyper-
V.

7. Compiler and Interpreter: These tools translate high-level programming languages into machine code.
Compilers (e.g., GCC) produce standalone executable files, while interpreters (e.g., Python interpreter)
execute code line by line.

8. File Management Software: Manages files and directories, including file systems like NTFS
(Windows) and ext4 (Linux).

9. Security Software: Provides protection against malware, viruses, and other threats. Examples include
Windows Defender, antivirus software, and firewalls.

10. System Libraries: Collections of pre-compiled code that provide common functions and services for
applications. These libraries are used by developers to create software. For example, the C Standard
Library (libc) is a common system library for C programming.
3. Discuss the difference between Windows Mac Os

Each of the two separate operating systems used in personal computers, Windows and macOS, has its own
advantages and features. The main variations between the two are as follows:

1. Developer and Ecosystem:

• Windows: Developed by Microsoft, Windows is a widely used operating system that is highly
compatible with a wide range of hardware and software. It has a large ecosystem of applications and
games.

• macOS: Developed by Apple, macOS is designed specifically for Apple's Macintosh hardware. It has a
more controlled ecosystem with a focus on user experience and design.

2. User Interface:

•Windows: Windows features a taskbar and a Start menu for accessing applications and files. The interface
has evolved over the years, with versions like Windows 7, 8, and 10 having different design elements.

•macOS: macOS is known for its clean and minimalist user interface. It features a dock for application
shortcuts and a menu bar at the top of the screen.

3. Hardware Compatibility:

•Windows: Windows is compatible with a wide range of hardware from various manufacturers. You can
build custom PCs or purchase pre-built ones with Windows.

•macOS: macOS is designed to work exclusively with Apple hardware, such as MacBooks, iMacs, and
Mac Pros. You cannot easily install macOS on non-Apple hardware.

4. Software Compatibility:

• Windows: Windows has a vast library of software and games, including many industry-standard
applications. It is often considered more versatile in terms of software compatibility.

• macOS: macOS has a selection of software available on the Mac App Store and from third-party
developers. While it covers most common needs, some specialized software may not be available for
macOS.

5. Customization:

• Windows: Windows offers a high degree of customization, allowing users to personalize the desktop,
themes, and appearance to a great extent.

• macOS: macOS provides less customization compared to Windows, emphasizing a consistent user
experience and design.

6. Security:
• Windows: Historically, Windows has been more susceptible to malware and security threats due to its
wide adoption. However, recent versions of Windows have improved security features.

• macOS: macOS is often considered more secure due to its stricter control over software installation and a
smaller user base. However, it is not immune to security vulnerabilities.

7. Price:

Windows: Windows licenses can vary in cost depending on the edition, but they are generally available at
a range of price points, including lower-cost versions.

macOS: macOS is typically included with the purchase of Apple hardware, making it cost-effective for
Mac users. However, it is not available for non-Apple hardware.

4. Discuss the difference between System Unit and Application Software

• System Unit:

1. Definition: The system unit refers to the main enclosure or chassis of a computer, which contains the
essential hardware components that make up a computer system. It is sometimes referred to as the central
processing unit (CPU) or the computer tower.

2. Components: The system unit houses critical hardware components, including the central processing
unit (CPU), motherboard, RAM (Random Access Memory), storage devices (e.g., hard drive or SSD),
power supply, and various connectors and ports.

3. Function: The system unit's primary function is to provide the physical infrastructure and processing
power required for the computer to operate. It handles tasks such as data processing, storage, and
communication with input and output devices.
4. Customization: Users can customize the system unit to some extent by adding or upgrading hardware
components like RAM, graphics cards, or storage devices. This allows for performance improvements or
hardware adaptations to specific needs.

5. Maintenance: The system unit may require occasional maintenance or upgrades to keep it running
efficiently. This can involve cleaning internal components, replacing hardware, or updating drivers.

• Application Software:

1. Definition: Application software, often referred to simply as "apps" or "software," refers to programs or
sets of instructions that are designed to perform specific tasks or applications on a computer. These
programs are not part of the computer's hardware.

2. Examples: Application software includes word processors (e.g., Microsoft Word), web browsers (e.g.,
Google Chrome), email clients (e.g., Microsoft Outlook), video editing software (e.g., Adobe Premiere
Pro), and countless other programs used for various purposes.

3. Function: Application software serves the end-users by providing tools and features for specific tasks or
activities. For example, a word processing application allows users to create and edit documents, while a
web browser lets them access websites and online content.

4. Customization: Users can choose and install different application software based on their needs and
preferences. There is a vast variety of application software available, catering to various functions and
industries.

5. Updates: Application software often receives updates and patches from developers to improve
functionality, fix bugs, and enhance security. Users can choose to update their application software as
needed.

5. Does Technology help us improve our way of life? Yes or No?

We now have a better way to improve our lives thanks to technology. The standard
of living has been profoundly altered. The way we behave and function has altered
as a result of technology permeating every part of our lives. Technology has
improved every aspect of our life, from networking and healthcare to
communication and transportation. The best aspect is that it is constantly improving
by enabling more sophisticated capabilities and enabling real-time communication
with friends, family, and coworkers wherever they may be. It gives us access to
information via the internet, making it possible to look for and locate some material
that is credible and helpful for both us students and other people. I would think that
this is a great thing.