PROFESSIONAL TRAINING

at

INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, CHENNAI

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award

of Bachelor of Business Administration

BY

SUJITHRA.M

43280077

SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

SSATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(DEEMED TO BE UNVIERSITY)

Accredited with Grade “A+” by NAAC

JEPPLAAR NAGAR, RANDHI GANDHI SALAI, CHENNAI-600 11

1
ABSTRACT

This study was done in KS & DL (MYSORE SANDAL SOAP). The present study aims to
develop an understanding towards the various functions of the MANUFACTURING,
MARKETING, HUMANRESOURCES &FINANCE Department existing in the
organisation. The study enhances understanding to the student towards the various process
of an organisation to enhance his knowledge on a business organisation. and will be able to
develop good moral values such as responsibility , commitment and trustworthiness during
the training period.

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION (INDUSTRY PROFILE) 05-11

CHAPTER -2 COMPANY PROFILE 12-27

CHAPTER -3 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 29-32

CHAPTER-4 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 33-38

CHAPTER -5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT 39-44

CHAPTER-4 FINANCE DEPARTMENT 45-50

CONCLUSION 51

REFERENCES 51

3
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of cleansing and lubricating products .In a domestic
setting soaps are surfactants usually used for wasting, bathing, and other types of housekeeping
In industrial setting ,soap are used as thickeners ,components of some lubricants and precursors
to catalysis, When used for cleaning, soap solubilizes particles and grime, which can then be
separated from the article being cleaned. In hand washing, as a surfactant, when lathered with a
little water, soap kills microorganisms by disorganizing their membrane lipid bilayer and
denaturing their proteins It also emulsifies oils, enabling them to be carried away by running
water. Soap is created by mixing fats and oils with a base. Humans have used soap for millennia;
evidence exists for the production of soap-like materials in ancient Babylon around 2800 BC.

HISTORY

Ancient Middle East

Box for Amigo del Obrero (Worker's Friend) soap from the 20th century, part of the Museo del
Objeto del Objeto collection.It is uncertain as to who was the first to invent soap. The earliest
recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in
ancient Babylon. A formula for making soap was written on a Sumerian clay tablet around 2500
BC; the soap was produced by heating a mixture of oil and wood ash, the earliest recorded
chemical reaction, and used for washing woolen clothing.

The Ebers papyrus (Egypt, 1550 BC) indicates the ancient Egyptians used soap as a medicine
and combined animal fats or vegetable oils with a soda ash substance called Trona to create their
soaps. Egyptian documents mention a similar substance was used in the preparation of wool for
weaving.[citation needed]. In the reign of Nabonidus (556—539 BC), a recipe for soap consisted
of uhulu [ashes], cypress [oil] and sesame [seed oil] "for washing the stones for the servant
girls".

In the Southern Levant, the ashes from barilla plants, such as species of Salsola, saltwort

4
(Seidlitzia rosmarinus) and Anabasis, were used in soap production, known as
potash.Traditionally, olive oil

5
was used instead of animal lard throughout the Levant, which was boiled in a copper cauldron
for several days. As the boiling progresses, alkali ashes and smaller quantities of quicklime were
added, and constantly stirred. In the case of lard, it required constant stirring while kept
lukewarm until it began to trace. Once it began to thicken, the brew was poured into a mold and
left to cool and harden for two weeks. After hardening, it was cut into smaller cakes. Aromatic
herbs were often added to the rendered soap to impart their fragrance, such as yarrow leaves,
lavender, germander, etc.

Roman Empire

The 2nd-century AD physician Galen describes soap-making using lye and prescribes washing to
carry away impurities from the body and clothes. The use of soap for personal cleanliness
became increasingly common in this period. According to Galen, the best soaps were Germanic,
and soaps from Gaul were second best. Zosimos of Panopolis, circa 300 AD, describes soap and
soap making. Pliny the Elder, whose writings chronicle life in the first century AD, describes
soap as "an invention of the Gauls".The word sapo, Latin for soap, likely was borrowed from an
early Germanic language and is cognate with Latin sebum, "tallow". It first appears in Pliny the
Elder's account,Historia Naturalis, which discusses the manufacture of soap from tallow and
ashes. There he mentions its use in the treatment of scrofulous sores, as well as among the Gauls
as a dye to redden hair which the men in Germania were more likely to use than women The
Romans avoided washing with harsh soaps before encountering the milder soaps used by the
Gauls around 58 BC.Aretaeus of Cappadocia, writing in the 2nd century AD, observes among
"Celts, which are men called Gauls, those alkaline substances that are made into balls [...] called
soap". The Romans' preferred method of cleaning the body was to massage oil into the skin and
then scrape away both the oil and any dirt with a strigil.The standard design is a curved blade
with a handle, all of which is made of metal.

Ancient China

A detergent similar to soap was manufactured in ancient China from the seeds of Gleditsia
sinensis. Another traditional detergent is a mixture of pig pancreas and plant ash called zhuyizi
(simplified Chinese: 猪 胰 子 ; traditional Chinese: 豬 胰 子 ; pinyin: zhūyízǐ). Soap made of
animal fat did not

6
appear in China until the modern era.[21] Soap-like detergents were not as popular as ointments
and creams.

Islamic Golden Age

Hard toilet soap with a pleasant smell was produced in the Middle East during the Islamic
Golden Age, when soap-making became an established industry. Recipes for soap-making are
described by Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (c. 865—925), who also gave a recipe for
producing glycerine from olive oil. In the Middle East, soap was produced from the interaction
of fatty oils and fats with alkali. In Syria, soap was produced using olive oil together with alkali
and lime. Soap was exported from Syria to other parts of the Muslim world and to Europe.

A 12th-century document describes the process of soap production. It mentions the key
ingredient, alkali, which later became crucial to modern chemistry, derived from al-qaly or
"ashes".

By the 13th century, the manufacture of soap in the Middle East had become a major cottage
industry, with sources in Nablus, Fes, Damascus, and Aleppo.[citation needed]

Medieval Europe

Marseille soap in blocks of 600 g

Soapmakers in Naples were members of a guild in the late sixth century (then under the control
of the Eastern Roman Empire), and in the eighth century, soap-making was well known in Italy
and Spain.The Carolingian capitulary De Villis, dating to around 800, representing the royal will
of Charlemagne, mentions soap as being one of the products the stewards of royal estates are to
tally. The lands of Medieval Spain were a leading soapmaker by 800, and soapmaking began in
the Kingdom of England about 1200. Soapmaking is mentioned both as "women's work" and as
the produce of "good workmen" alongside other necessities, such as the produce of carpenters,
blacksmiths, and bakers.
7
In Europe, soap in the 9th century was produced from animal fats and had an unpleasant smell.
This changed when olive oil began to be used in soap formulas instead, after which much of
Europe's soap production moved to the Mediterranean olive-growing regions.Hard toilet soap
was introduced to Europe by Arabs and gradually spread as a luxury item. It was often perfumed.
By the 15th century, the manufacture of soap in the Christendom had become virtually
industrialized, with sources in Antwerp, Castile, Marseille, Naples and venice.

15th—18th century

In France, by the second half of the 15th century, the semi-industrialized professional
manufacture of soap was concentrated in a few centers of Provence—Toulon, Hyères, and
Marseille—which supplied the rest of France.[29] In Marseilles, by 1525, production was
concentrated in at least two factories, and soap production at Marseille tended to eclipse the other
Provençal centers.[30] English manufacture tended to concentrate in London.[31]

Finer soaps were later produced in Europe from the 16th century, using vegetable oils (such as
olive oil) as opposed to animal fats. Many of these soaps are still produced, both industrially and
by small-scale artisans. Castile soap is a popular example of the vegetable-only soaps derived
from the oldest "white soap" of Italy. In 1634 Charles I granted the newly formed Society of
Soapmakers
8
a monopoly in soap production who produced certificates from 'foure Countesses, and five
Viscountesses, and divers other Ladies and Gentlewomen of great credite and quality, besides
common Laundresses and others', testifying that 'the New White Soap washeth whiter and
sweeter than the Old Soap'.

During the Restoration era (February 1665 — August 1714) a soap tax was introduced in
England, which meant that until the mid-1800s, soap was a luxury, used regularly only by the
well-to-do. The soap manufacturing process was closely supervised by revenue officials who
made sure that soapmakers' equipment was kept under lock and key when not being supervised.
Moreover, soap could not be produced by small makers because of a law that stipulated that soap
boilers must manufacture a minimum quantity of one imperial ton at each boiling, which placed
the process beyond the reach of the average person. The soap trade was boosted and deregulated
when the tax was repealed in

Industrially manufactured bar soaps became available in the late 18th century, as advertising
campaigns in Europe and America promoted popular awareness of the relationship between
cleanliness and health. In modern times, the use of soap has become commonplace in
industrialized nations due to a better understanding of the role of hygiene in reducing the
population size of pathogenic microorganisms.

9
19th century

Caricature of Lillie Langtry, from Punch, Christmas 1890: The soap box on which she reflects
her endorsements of cosmetics and soaps.

Until the Industrial Revolution, soapmaking was conducted on a small scale and the product was
rough. In 1780, James Keir established a chemical works at Tipton, for the manufacture of alkali
from the sulfates of potash and soda, to which he afterwards added a soap manufactory. The
method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. In 1790, Nicolas Leblanc discovered
how to make alkali from common salt. Andrew Pears started making a high-quality, transparent
soap, Pears soap, in 1807 in London. His son-in-law, Thomas J. Barratt, became the brand
manager (the first of its kind) for Pears in 1865. In 1882, Barratt recruited English actress and
socialite Lillie Langtry to become the poster-girl for Pears soap, making her the first celebrity to
endorse a commercial product.

William Gossage produced low-priced, good-quality soap from the 1850s. Robert Spear Hudson
began manufacturing a soap powder in 1837, initially by grinding the soap with a mortar and
pestle. American manufacturer Benjamin T. Babbitt introduced marketing innovations that
included the sale of bar soap and distribution of product samples. William Hesketh Lever and his
brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one
of
10
the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap
businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.

CHAPTER-2

COMPANY PROFILE:

MYSORE SANDAL SOAP

HISTORICAL BACKROUND:

The Birth of Mysore Sandal Soap:

11
The history of Mysore Sandal Soap dates back to the early 20th century. It was in the year 1916
that the Mysore Sandal Soap, which was to become a legendary brand, was first conceptualized
and produced. The man behind this iconic creation was the then Maharaja of Mysore, Nalwadi
Krishnaraja Wadiyar.

Nalwadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar was an enlightened ruler with a strong sense of duty towards his
subjects. His vision extended beyond traditional governance, and he was deeply interested in the
welfare and economic development of the region. One of his major concerns was the
preservation and utilization of the abundant sandalwood forests in his kingdom.

Sandalwood had always been an essential natural resource for Mysore, but the Maharaja
recognized its potential not just as a source of revenue but also as a symbol of Mysore's identity.
His vision was to create a product that would not only celebrate sandalwood but also provide
employment opportunities for the local population. To turn his vision into reality, Maharaja
Krishnaraja Wadiyar established the Government Soap Factory in Bangalore (now Bengaluru)
in 1916. This factory was the birthplace of Mysore Sandal Soap. The primary objective was to
create a soap that would be unique to the region and harness the goodness of sandalwood, a
prized resource of the Mysore kingdom. In the year 1980, the Government Soap Factory
and the

12
sandalwood oil factories at Shimoga and Mysore were merged to form Karnataka Soaps and
Detergents Limited.

One of the key factors that make Mysore Sandal Soap stands out is its unique blend of
ingredients. Mysore Sandal Soap is the only the soap in the world having pure sandalwood as its
primary ingredient. The sandalwood is combined with glycerine and other natural components
which make it not just fragrant but also gentle on the skin. These components were carefully
selected to ensure that no harsh chemicals are used in the soap.
To insure the quality and prevent piracy and unauthorised use by other manufacturers the
Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited also owns a proprietary geographical indication tag on
the Mysore Sandal Soap since 2005.
Mysore Sandal Soap didn't remain confined to India's borders. It found its way into international
markets, where its exotic fragrance and Indian mystique appealed to a global audience. As the
soap's fame grew, it won several awards and accolades, cementing its status as a premium
personal care product. It also became a popular souvenir for travellers visiting India.

13
For centuries, India is the land of spices, ivory, precious gems magical charms and “Land of
sandal wood”. The world’s richest sandal wood resources are from isolated stretch of land in
south India.

Karnataka is the original home of perfumed sandal wood. Its oil is mainly used for
manufacturing of soap. Thus it is regarded as a fragrant Ambassador
of India andt h e s a n d a l w o o d is r e g a r d e d as “ L i q u i d G o l d ” . K a r n a t a
14
ka state

15
 p r o d u c e s a m a j o r percentage of total production of sandal wood oil in the world. It was
this sandal wood oil which became a reason to setup factory in Karnataka.

“Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited’, is a public sector

Undertaking[ w holly ow ned by Govern ment of K a r n a t a k a ] eng aged in M anuf a
c turing of s oaps , D e t erg ents and extr a c t ion of s anda l o i l at M
ys ore D iv i s ion. It a l s o m anufac tures Agarbathies

.It is only by the ins p i r a t ion of th e M aharaj a of M ys ore th e l a t

e Mr.Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, who turned the treat into an opportunity by sowing the
budding seeds of KS&DL the new sandal wood oil factory on the outskirt of koti forest near
Bangalore. The project took shape with the engineering skill and expertise of a high level team
comprising Sir. M.Vishweshwariah, Prof. Watson and Dr. Suburao. The start was
indeed a good beginning but the visionary Maharaja had far reaching
idea in mind the next project to gone on stream was a factory to make sandal soap.

G.S. Shastry a distinguished chemist sent to England by Maharaja to master the finer
aspect of soap manufacture. On his return Shastry cast the dye to on imprint that
created history “Mysore sandal” made at the new government soap factory .The factory which
was started as a very small unit with a capacity of 100 tones of soaps per annum at K. R. circle.
Bangalore in 1918 then it was shifted to a bigger unit at Rajajnagar industrial sub-urban,
Bangalore in July 1957. The total area of factory today is about 42 acres, which is registered
office of the organization with employees.

The event that bore fruits over seven decades in return planted with seeds of new enterprises. The
foundation grew stronger and KS&DL branched out in new direction.

Today the company has independent units to manufacture sandal wood oils, toilet soaps,
washing powder, detergent and industrial products.

R i g h t f r o m t h e f i r s t l o g of s a n d a l t h a t r o l l e d i n t o b o i l e r r o o m in
1 9 1 6 . T h e company h as been s ing l e mi nd in i t s purs u i t of exce l l en ce the
qua l i t y r ef l e c t ed in all spheres of KS&DL activates.

16
 A view of mysore sandal soap factory in 1930’s

clockwise from above) The Mysore Sandal factory in 1930s; as one of the Members of the parliamentary
delegation, the late prime minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee taking a look at the Sandalwood and Sandal Oil
Production at the Mysore Sandal Oil Factory; ads promoting the soap, and S.G. Shastrigalu

17
 OLD ADVERTISEMENT OF MYSORE SANDAL SOAP

In 1918, the Maharaja received a rare set of sandalwood oil soaps. This inspired him to produce
similar soaps for the public. To take things further, he asked Sir Visvesvaraya to make
arrangements for soap-making experiments at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

18
There, he discovered the brilliant chemist Sosale Garalapuri Shastry and sent him to England to
hone his soap-making skills. The diligent scientist, fondly remembered by many as Soap Shastry,
was instrumental in realizing Visveswaraya’s dream.

The first government soap factory was set up near K R Circle in Bengaluru to manufacture
sandal soap. In 1918, this technique of using sandalwood oil for making soaps was standardized.
In the same year, another factory for distilling oil from sandalwood was set up in Mysore.

19
 FACTORY OF MYSORE SANDAL SOAP IN KARNATAKA

The company has also done well with other soaps, incense sticks, essential oils, hand washes,
talcum powder, etc. Nonetheless, the Mysore Sandal Soap remains the company’s flagship
product, the only soap in the world made from 100% pure sandalwood oil.

20
OBJECTIVE OF KS&DL:

• To serve self and natural economy.

• To promote and uphold its image as symbol of traditional products
• To maintain the brand loyalty of customers.
• To promote purity and quality products and enhance their old age
• Charm.
• To build upon the reputation of Mysore sandal soap bases on pure
• Sandal oil.
•T o s u p p l y t h e p r o d u c t s m e n t i o n e d a b o v e a t m o s t r e a s o n a b l e
a n d competitive rate.

MISSION:

• To serve the National economy.

• To attain self-reliance.

21
• To promote purity & quality products.
• To maintain the Brand loyalty of its customers.
• To build upon the reputation of Mysore sandal soap based on pure sandal oil.

VISION STATEMENT:-

• Ensuring global presence of Mysore Sandal products while leveraging its unique
strengths to take advantage of the current technology scenario by intelligent and selective
diversification.
• S ecure all as s i s t ance and pri me s t a tus from Gov ernmen t of India, a
l l technology alliances.
•F u r t h e r , e n s u r e K a r n a t a k a ’ s p r e -
e m i n e n t s t a t u s as a p r o p o n e n t a n d provider of technology services to the world, ,
nation other states public and private sectors.
Making all out efforts to achieve reasonable profits.
• Most importantly to earn the invaluable foreign exchange, both to the stateand to the country.

SLOGAN OF KS&DL:

“Natural Product with Exotic Fragrance”.

SAFETY SLOGAN OF THE COMPANY:

“Know safety, no loss”

“Nosafety Know Loss”

TRADEMARK OF KS & DL:-

The “SHARABHA”The carving on the cover is the Sharabha, the trademark of KS & DL

The sharabha is a mythological creation from the “puranas” which has a body of a lion and head
of elephant, which embodies the combined virtues of wisdom and strength .It is adop t ed as
an offici a l e mble m of KS& DL to s ymbo l i ze the phi los ophy of the
company.

The sharabha thus symbolized a power that removes imperfectio

n s a n d impurities. The maharaja of Mysore as his official emblem adopted it. And soon took
22
its pride of place as the symbol of the Government Soap Factory of quality that reflects astandard
of excellence of Karnataka Soaps and Detergent Limited.

ACHIEVMENTS / AWARDS:

• G o v e r n m e n t of K arnat aka, D ept., of Ind us t r i es and Comm erce, S t a t e

Export Promotion Advisory Board’s “EXPORT AWARD”1974-75.
• Detergent Plant M/s Chemical Bombay has given 1st
price for th e year 1980-81.
• Geographical Indication GI-2005.
• ISO 9001-2000 in the year 1999.
• ISO 14001-2004 in the year 2000.
• ICWA national award for excellence in cost management 2007

POLICY OF KS&DL:-

• S e e k p u r c h a s e of g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s f r o m e n v i r o n m e n t r e s p o n
s i b l e suppliers.
•C o m m u n i c a t e i t s e n v i r o n m e n t p o l i c y a n d b e s t p r a c t i c e s to
a l l i t s employees’ implications.
• Set targets and monitor progress through internal and external audits.
• Strive to design and develop products, which have friendly environmental impact during
manufacturing
• Reus e and r ecyc l e m a t er i a l s w herever p os s ib l e and min imi ze en
ergy consumption and waste.

MAJOR CUSTOMER OF KS&DL:

A us t r a l i a , Bahr a in , Can ada, France, Ger many, I t a ly , J apan, K enya, K uw a i t
, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States
of America.

MAJOR COMPETITORS:

• HLL [Hindustan Lever Ltd].

• Godrej.
• Procter and gamble.
• WIPRO.
• Nirma soaps private ltd.
• Jyothi Laboratories.

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 NUMBER PARTICULARS PERCENTAGES
1 HLL 70%
2 Tata oil mills 17%
3 KS and DL 4%
4 Godrej soaps 4%
5 Others 5%

BRANCHES OF KS&DL:

At present KS&DL have two main divisions at:

Shimoga (Oil production)

Mysore(Agabatties)

Its main marketing branches are:

Bangalore
Hyderabad
Mumbai
Kolkata
New Delhi
Chennai

FUTURE PLAN:

Introduction of cream and cosmetic.

Introduction of dish wash detergent bar.
Introduction of spray perfumes.
Improvement in existing products.
Reduction in distribution expenses.
I n t r o d u c t ion of ant i
bacter i a , herba l t r ans par ent s oap, m ade out of 33 es s entia l o i l
bas ed p e r f u m e , A loe V era, V i t amin - E e t c as additive and suitable for all
types of skin and all seasons.

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GROWTH OF THE COMPANY OVER THE YEAR:

YEAR STEP BY STEP GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF THE COMPANY OVER

A.D THE YEAR
Govt.soap factory was started by the Maharaja of Mysore and the Mysore sandal
1918 soap was introduced into market for the first time.
The factory output was increased to 500 tones p.a
1950 Renovating the old premises by reconstructing a portion of building
Installing a new boiler,soap and drying chamber
Received license from Govt.to manufacture 1500 tones of soaps and 75 tones of
1954 glycerin per year
1957 Dr.S.M.Vishweshariah laid foundation for KS & DL 's new factory building
1968 The production touched 3000 tones
The detergent plant started producing Mysore detergent powder and bar soap with
1974 the investment of Rs.20 crores
On 1-10-1980 the Government soap factory a public sector unit was renamed as
1980 Karnataka Soaps and Detergent Ltd.
Producing capacity was increased to 6,000 tones ,fatty acid plant was started with
1981 Rs.45 million investment

1983 Production capacity increased to 20,000 tones p.a at a total cost of Rs. 17.21crores
1984 Production of agarbathies was started in Mysore a unit of KS&DL
1985 Production capacity was increased to 26,000 tones.
1992 The company was registered with BIFR in December
1998 The company launches 'Baby sandal Tale' and Mysore Gold soap
1999 KS&DL received ISO 9002 certificate manufacture of baby soap and fresh mate
2000 ISO 9002 Certificate pertaining to environmental management system
2003 In may the BIFR ,New Delhi declared the company to be out of the purview
2004 The company launched Baby's herbal care soap

25
26
STRUCTURE OF ORGANISATION:

BASIS OF DEPARTMENTATION:

KS&DL is a manufacturing concern of moderately large size. We can

see here functions wise departmentation. It facilitates effective utilization of
manpower and resources and it is a simple, economical and reasonable organization
pattern

LEVELS OF ORGANISATION:
The organization of KS&DL consists of 4 levels, they are
TOPLEVEL
consisting of BOD’s and M.D
SECOND LEVEL
consisting of Directors of Finance and Special officers
THI R D LEV EL
c o n s i s t i n g of s e n i o r m a n a g e r s , d e p u t y m a n a g e r s a n d officers.
FOURTHLEVEL
consisting of clerks, Assistants and Attendees

27
DEPARTMENTAL
STUDY

28
CHAPTER-3

MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT:

Production department in KS&DL is comprised of 295 employees, department aims for

organizational excellence. The total production department is containing the technology of
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGY. Here, all components are fixed according to the processing
sequence and assembled the components and materials which are used for production of soaps.

Raw Materials used for soap production are as follows:

 PKFAD (Pam kernel fatty acid)

 PFAD (Pam fatty acid)
 Caustic soda
 Brain Salution [Salt Salution]
 Water
 Raw materials used for finished Soaps
 Soap Noodles
 Glycerin
 Lanolin
 Perfume

Quality assurance is given up to 500 kg per hours without any problem, depending up on the
target given by the Marketing department, if any problem accused during the production, then it
should be checked immediately.

Presently, KS&DL Bangalore produces SANDAL BATH TABLET, ROSEBATH TABLET,

LAVENDAR BATH TABLET, JASMINE BATH TABLET, SPECIAL BATH TABLET, and
CLASSIC BATH TABLET

Components:
 Kettle House [Soap Boiling Section]
 Soap Drying Plant [Automiser]
 Pneumatic Transfer System
 Silos

29
  Amalgamator
 Simplex plodder
 Milling machine
 Duplex plodder machine
 Cutting machine
 Stamping machine
 Wrapping Machine [Packing M/C]

Production process of KS&DL:(FATTY ACID MIXTURE)

In the stage fatty acid mixture is allowed to kettle along with calculated quantity of
sodium Hydroxide, and the kettle is boiled with the steam under the steam pressure of 6.5kg per
cm squares. Requisite quantity of Water and Brine(salt water) or also added from the
top and Saponification reaction will take place from 3 to 4 hours this stage is called
FITTING stage And kettle is fitted by adding required quantity of water and salts
th i s is a l low ed for 24 hours to 40 hour s w hen a kett l e s epar a t es ( N
EA T) s oap from(NIGGER).

The bottom layer (NIGGER) is removed to other kettle and a super nailed NEAT soap is
processed in drying plant, The kettle NEAT soap have a moisture of 30%and The s oap is in
l iquid, w hen it is pas s ed through drying p l ant t he

N O O D LES are produced having a moisture of 10% to 12% which is stored in SILOS.

After in the amalgamator the mixing of the perfumes, glycerin and lanolin will be take place,
after this it will be send to simplex plodder machine and to the mixture In th i s pro ces s all
the mater i a l s w i l l be mix ed & It is to be s end to dup l ex p lodd er machine in this
minimum of -18% to -20% temperature is used. After this it will be send to cutting machine
and to packaging will take place.

30
Functions:

Ensures the 100% quality product.

Based up on customer feedback takes the corrective action

Ensures the 100% equipment utilization

Gives the regular feedback to quality assurances department, regarding the quality of the
products

Gives the feedback to design department.

PREMIUM SOAPS

01 Mysore Sandal Soap 75gms, 125gms

02 Mysore Sandal Soap – Sandal Bath Tablet(Single) 150gms
03 Mysore Sandal Gold 125gms
04 Mysore Sandal Classic Soap ( Transparent) 75gms
05 Mysore Sandal Baby 75gms
06 Mysore Sandal Bath Tablet – SBT( Trio pack) 3 x150gms
07 Gift pack – (Sandal, Jasmine, Rose) 3 in 1 3 x 150gms

31
08 Gift pack – 6 in 1 (Sandal, Jasmine, Rose, Spl. Sandal,
Classic & Lavender) 6 x 150gms
09 Mysore Sandal Gold Sixer 6 x 125gms10 Millenium Soap 150gms

32
CHAPTER-4

MARKETING DEPARTMENT:

Around 450 people are represented from the company across the country
and 12employees are working within the organization. These representatives are
responsible
for feedbacks from customer analso in increasing sales of the orga
nization company believes that these representatives are doing a great job. The sales
market is broadly divided into 4 segments geographically, i.e., south, north, western,
eastern zones.

South region has the major share comprising of mainly Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and
Andhra Pradesh

Western region comes 2nd with Maharastra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh

Eastern region comes next with states like, Orissa, Bihar

North region comes last with states like Delhi, Punjab Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu
and Kashmir, and Haryana. Major competitors are:

Hindustan Unilever (HLL)

Nirma

Wipro

Medimex

33
 Dettol

Jo rose

The soaps are divided in mainly 3 segments namely:

1) Premium segment consisting of soaps priced above 16 rupee

2)Popular segment consists of soaps priced between 10-15 rupee

3)Economy segment consist of soap priced less than 10 rupee

KSDL is into mainly manufacturing of premium segment and popular

segment. Premium segment soaps include:

1. M y s o r e s a n d a l c l a s s i c

2.Mysore sand gold

3. M y s o r e s a n d a l b a b y s o a p

Popular segment soaps include:

Mysore sandal carbolic

D emand for a produc t is ca l cul a t ed on the bas i s of prev ious year

demand and current grow th of s oap and d e t e r g e n t indus t ry and a l s o
the f e e dback g iven by s a l es representatives of the company

Advertising and sales promotion:

Advertising is done by using all kinds of media like television, radio, displays in bus
stands, hoardings, sponsors for certain events presently sponsoring Bangalore fashion
Sales promotions during festive seasons like get one free on purchase of
three. Discount during off season.

The company’s main products are soaps & detergents which are sold in different parts of India,
the marketing department which is controlled by seven branches. The role of these departments
is ensuring the effective sales activities under their control.

34
 Branch Depots

1. Bangalore Hubli, Raichur.

2. chennai madras, salem,Madurai,cochin.

3.hyderabad Hyderabad, Vijayawade,Ananchapur

4.Mumbai Bhiwandi, Ahmedabad, Pune

5.Kolkatta Cuttack, Patna,Gauhati

6.Delhi Delhi, Jaipur,Jullundur.

ORG: Operational Research Group report main source of marketing

research private agency which study the competitors consumer demand, market etc that
generates the report.

CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION:

KSDL manufactures their products i.e. soaps & detergents. After this sent to various distribution
points through agents. The stockiest sells to various retailers hence it reaches to the consumer.

EXPORTS:

KSDL export their products to different parts of world they are:

Australia Italy Srilanka

Berlin Kenya USA
Canada Malaysia Japan
Czechoslovakia Saudi Arabia UK
France Singapore Taiwan
Germany Africa Hollan

35
FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT:

Mark et in g Mix : it is the pol i cy adopt e d by the m a n u f a c t u r es to get success

in the field of marketing

Product Policy: It includes both the turns of development &

improvement produced and existing products. This all totally done by KSDL bothmarketing & R
& D department.

Distribution Policy: The manufactured product of KSDL is supplier to the factory depots. There
are various depots in various states & stored there.

Sales & Promotion: The drawback is poor advertising & sales promotion.

Packing: Uses different materials for different products, card board boxes synthetic covers

Market Share: The KSDL production strategy is more expensive when compared to o ther
p r o d u c t . At pres ent co, ho ld ing mark e t s hare of 18% in s outh India &
8% throughout India basis for premium soaps.

Marketing Strategy Of Karnataka Soaps & Detergents Ltd.

Distribution Channel KS & DL has a annual transportation contract for its transportation. The selection
of contractors is to call tenders from reputed registered firms. Payment will be arranged after one month
on the receipt of stocks at destinations. For shortages/ damages stock at destinations cash are recovered
from them and the bills are initially recovered from insurance company. For speedy dispatch of finished
goods KS & DL has opened depots all over the country. These C & F depot will work under the control of
concerned branches. There are 7 branches & 22 depots of KS & DL all over India. Advertisement KS &
DL sponsors spot advertisement in national network for about 10-20 sec on important occasions and also
in selected by branch depending on viewers of local television serials and advertisement in leading news
papers, magazine and periodicals. The advertisement is more in local paper when compared to national
papers because the cost is more. Printing on posters, sign boards, hoardings, TV, Selected railway & bus

36
station. This is mostly used in south India. The present year budget for advertisement is 8 Crores. f) POP
(Point of Purchase):- Point of Purchase displays and demonstrations are taken at Point of Purchase and
sale.

Sales Promotion :

The company is adopting more sales promotion tools in their marketing strategies. These tools attract
brand switchers who can be lured by offering premium and product at fewer prices. Like wise the
company has adopted a few trade push methods for growth during last 3 years and judiciously applied its
funds towards sales promotions as there were severe each crunch. The trade push method guarantee the
customer off take through the working capital required becomes relatively high when compared to other
method of concentration on consumer pull by way of advertising campaign. The following are the sales
promotion schemes adopted by the company.

1. Premium Gift:- The company gives one pencil free with every purchase of Mysore Sales Corporation
& 2 Alpha ball pen with every purchase of talcum powder.

2. Sponsorer:- KSDL was the official Sponsor / Supplier of soap at National Games in 1997 held at
Bangalore and all the participants were given 2 cakes of Mysore Sandal Soap as gift.

3. Gift Vouchers:- To promote & get demand nationwide. The company gives gift voucher to television
viewers. The company gives Rs.1,000/- gift voucher to prize winner of Surabhi the cultural weekly
program. Anchored by Renuka Shahane & Siddarth Kak. It is very effective ways to promote company
products nationwide.

4. Trade Exhibitions:- The company participate in Indian Trade Exhibition Fare (ITEF) on all India
basis ITEF conducts exhibition for a period of 15 days. KSDL participates every year in Mysore Dasara
Exhibition for exhibiting and sale of products. It also took part in the inauguration of I.T. Com The
Technology Park.

5. Price Off’s:- To encourage dealers the company gives price reduction to its dealers the trade discount
given by company is 12.5% Discount on Detergent. 8.5% Discount on Popular Soaps. 4.17% Discount on
Premium Soaps.

6. Allowances:- The company gives advertising allowance to its retailers / dealers who display its products.

IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING:

Customer satisfaction depends on the products perceived performance.Outstanding

marketing companies go out of their way to keep their customers satisfied. Satisfied
customers make repeat purchases, and they tell others about their good experiences with theproduct

37
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION:

Customer satisfaction is closely linked to quality. Many companies have adopted total quality
management programs, designed constantly improve the
qualitytheir products, services and marketing processes. Quality has a direct impact on product
performanceand hence on customer satisfaction.

IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

The need to satisfy customer for success in any commercial enterprise is very obvious. The
income or all commercial enterprise is derived from the payments received for theproducts and
services supplied to its external customers if there are no customers, there is no income and there is no
business. In other words, customers are the sole reason for the existence of commercial
establishment. Thus the core activity and perhaps one of the most important activities of any
company is to attract and retain customers.

38
 CHAPTER-5

HUMA

N RESOURCE DEPARTMENT:

Organization is made up of people & function through people. Without people

o r g a n i z a t ion cannot exis t . The r es ources of man, money, ma t er i a
l s & mach inery arecol l ec t ed, co
-
c o o r d i n a t ed & u t i l i zed through peop l e . Thes e r es ources by the ms e lves
cannot fulfill the objectives of an organization. They need to be united into team.

It is through the combined efforts of people that material & monetary resources are effectively
utilized for attainment of common objectives. All the activities of an organization
are in i t i a t ed & co mple t ed by th e peopl e w ho make up th e organi zat ion.
This r es ource is called ‘Human Resource’.

D e p a r t m e n t a i m s at d e v e l o p i n g e m p l o y e e g e n e r a l e n a b l i n g c a p a
c i t i es individuals, so that they are able to discover & exploit their
own & organization culture were superior-subordinate relationship, team work &
collaboration among different units are strong & contribute to organizational health , dynamism
& pride of employees.

MANPOWER DETAILS:
MARKETIN DUTY PAID
BANGALOR SOD TOTA
GROUP G GODDOWN
E MYSORE BRANCHES L
SHIMOGA
Executives 77 9 9 3 127
Supervisor
s 49 8 8 _ 79
Workers 568 32 32 13 661
Total 695 49 49 16 867

39
Performance Appraisal Method Used in KS&DL Rating Scale

Given b e low are as s es s ment f actors ev a luat e the pers ons thos e f ac
tors on thefollowing

Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor

A B C D

SI.NO ASSESMENT RATING

1 Job Knowledge
2 Performance
3 Housekeeping and safety awareness
4 Attendance
5 Conduct and disciplne
6 Co-operation
7 Dependability
8 Health and present ability
9 Leadership

CLASSFICATION OF EMPLOYEES AT KS&DL:

Permanent Employee: One who has been engaged for work on a permanent basis.
Temporary Employee: One who has been engaged for work which is essentially of
temporary nature and likely to be finished within a
limited period.
Probationary Employee: One who is provisionally employed to fill a permanent vacancy.
Casual Workmen: One who is engaged on day to day basis, for casual or non recurring work.
Trainee: Trainee is a learner who may or may not be paid stipend during the period of training.

40
SELECTED PROBLEM AREA:
Statement of the Problem:
“ E m p l o y e e e f f i c i e n c y a n d p r o d u c t i v i t y is l o w . B e c a u s
e t h e T r a i n i n g a n d Development Programme is not implemented
properly” .

Many of the public undertaking companies do face the training and

development problem as they don’t adopt new training and development methods with requisites
of present scenario which unable them to bench mark themselves against private modernized
companies. Thus the need for organized training programs arises

STUDY METHODOLOGY:
This is a s ys t em a t i c w ay to s o lve th e r es ear ch probl em and it is an
importan t component for the study without which researcher may not be able to
obtain the facts and figures from the employee.

The methodology adopted for the study is as follows:

Sources of Data:
Data was collected based on two sources:-
• Primary Data.
• Secondary Data.

Primary Data:

The primary data is collected with the help of questionnaires, which are
chosen because of its simplicity and reliability. Researchers can expect straight answers, which
are directly related to the question.
The asked interpretation of data under this can be done correctly. Because of this
questionnaire it is much helpful, in factors such as
obtainingchoic es and help ing r es p o n d e n t s to unders t and th e s ignifi cance an
d ans w er to their reliability. In this method rate and reliability is higher. In
addition to this the data was
collected through observation method, personal interviews and question schedule
in the place where questionnaire was not workable.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data is collected through the documents provided by the

all the departments such as policy decisions, reports regarding suggestions, schemes,
etc. Data is also gathered from the books
of various authors, magazines, journals, annual reports, broachers, company
manual, etc .
41
 However in this study most of the information gathered was from the secondary
data that through books, journals, magazines, annual reports, etc.
Hence secondary data makes the main source for the data collected

Human Resources (HR):

Human resources is a term with which many organizations describe
the combination of traditionally administrative personnel functions with
performance, Employee Relations
a n d r e s o u r c e p l a n n i n g . T h e f i e l d d r a w s u p o n c
o n c e p t s d e v e l o p e d i n Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Human resources refer to the individuals within the firm, and to the portion of the firm's
organization that deals with hiring, firing, training, and other personnel issues.
Human Resource Management (HRM):
It is a relatively new term, that emerged during the 1930s. Many people used to
refer it before by its traditional titles, such as Personnel Administration or Personnel
M a na ge men t . But now , the t r end is cha nging. It is now t er med as H um an
Res ource Management (HRM). Human Resource Management is a management function
that helps an organization select, recruit, train and develops.

Training:
It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts,
rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

is a subsystem of an organization. It ensures that randomness is reduced and learning or

behavioural change takes place in structured format

Training and Development:

referred to a:
• Acquisition and sharpening of employees capabilities that is required to perform
various obligations, tasks and functions

• Developing the employees capabilities so that they may be able to

discover the i r poten t i a l and exploi t the m to ful l t heir ow n
and orga niz a t ion a l development purpose

• D e v e l o p i n g an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l c u l t u r e w h e r e s u p e r i o r s u b o r d i n a
t e r elationship, team work, and collaboration among different sub units are strong and
contribute to organizational wealth, dynamism and pride to the employees.

DEVELOPMENT DEFINED:
It helps the individual handle future responsibilities, with less emphasis on present job duties

TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACH OF TRAINING ANDDEVLOPMENT

42
Traditional Approach

Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training. They were holding the
traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were also some views that training
is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to believe more in executive pinching.
But now the scenario seems to be changing

Modern approach:
Modern approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have realized the
importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of retention tool than a
cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been
changed to create a smarter workforce and yield the best results.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES:

The principal objective of training and development division is to make sure the availability
of a skilled and willing workforce to an organization. In addition to that, there are four other
objectives: Individual, Organizational, Functional, and Societal.
Individual Objectives–help employees in achieving their personal goals, which in turn,
enhances the individual contribution to an organization.

Organizational Objectives – assist the organization with its primary objective by bringing
individual effectiveness.

Functional Objectives–maintain the department’s contribution at a level suitable to the

organization’s needs.

Societal Objectives – ensure that an organization is ethically and socially responsible to the
needs and challenges of the society.Training is a process, which provides new dimensions
to the employees of the organization whereas the development helps to employees to develop
their weak areas to achieve the organisational objectives.

T h i s is t h e o n e d e p a r t m e n t in t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n , w h i c h h e l p s e m
p l o y e e s to recognize their skills and provoke them to lead in future. It provides
not only monetary benefits but also gives non- monetary benefits, which increase the
motivation level of the employees. The quality of employees and their development
through
43
training and education are major factors in determining long-term profitability of a
small business. If you hire and keep good employees, it is good policy to invest in the
development of their skills, so they can increase their productivity

Karnataka Soaps And Detergents Limited (KS&DL)

The lunch time is 12.00pm to 12.30pm. Every Sunday is rest day for the employees. No
allowance is paid to the first shift workers. A sum of Rs.25 and Rs.35 per day is paid to workers
for second and third shift respectively.

Washing allowance: The company provides two sets of uniform once in a year. For this a
washing allowance of Rs.50 per month is paid to every worker.

Conveyance allowance: the conveyance allowance of Rs.680 per month per worker is
extended.

Family travel allowance: This allowance is paid at the rate of Rs.500 per employee per year
who has put a minimum three years of service.

Death Relief Fund: Rs.30, 000 will be paid to the nominee in case of death of an employee.
Memento to retiring employee: Rs.2, 500 will be paid as memento to retiring employees.
Medical reimbursement: Benefit to non-ESI employees a sum of Rs.500 per month will be paid
per employee towards domiciliary treatment. With regards to hospitalization treatment the
company has taken medical claim policy from insurance company for a sum of Rs.1, 50,000 per
employee which include spouse and two children.

44
CHAPTER- 6

Meaning of Finance:-

A branch of economics concerned with resource allocation as well as resourceman

agement acquisition and investment. Simply Finance deals with matters related to
money and the markets. Finance is one of the major elements, which activates the
overall growth of the economy. Finance is the lifeblood of economy activity. A
well knit financial system directly contributes to the growth of the economy. An
efficient financial system calls for the effective performance of institutions,
financial instruments and financial meets

I m p o r t a n c e of f i n a n c e : -

Ø Ensure that there are adequate funds available to acquire the resources needed to
help the organization to achieve its objectives.
Ø Ensure costs are controlled.
Ø Ensure adequate cash flow
Ø Establish and control profitability levels. One of the major roles of the finance
department is to identify appropriate financial information prior to communicating
this information to managers and decision makers in order that they may make
informed judgments and decisions.

45
 Ø Finance also prepares financial documents and final accounts for managers touse
and for reporting purposes (AGM etc…….)

FINANCE DEPARTMENT:
The finance department helps the organization in many ways:

A. It helps in investment decisions.

B. It helps in financing decisions.

C. It helps the organization for the better utilization of funds.

D. It h e l p s t h e t o p m a n a g e m e n t .

OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT:

• To protect financial interest of the company.

• It helps in achieving the business results.
• Maintaining the funds, collection and payments.
• Lessening with banks and financial institutions.
• Controlling the inflow and outflow of cash
• Financial planning and mobilization of financier.
• To see that the company do not suffer for want of finances.
• To exercise cost control and cost reduction technique.
• To monitor the budget and budgetary control.

BALANCESHEET KD AND SL:

2008
PARTICULARS 2007 Amount Amount

46
Shareholder fund Share 318221000 318221000
capital(A) Reserves and surplus 136826041 15070293
Loans funds secured loans(B) unsecured 16629120
loans (C) 10365536 89995463 100360972 129995436 146624556
Application fund
(1)Fixed asset (D) (a)Gross block - 296106154 292406486
depreciation (b)Net block 237050829 59055325 233475517 58930969
(2)Investment 30000100 100
(3)Deferred tax assets 32146548 -------

(4)current assets and loans and advance 296012822 350855723

(a)Inventories (F) (b)sundry debtors (c 146346607 80873641
) cash and bank Balance (H) (d)loans 334435423 312345581
advance (I) 104944640 881689555 72546525 816621470
Current Liability
308752365 280039861
Previsions (K) (1)Liability Previsions 166770640 475523005 128527890 408567751
Net current assets 4061665500 408053719
(5)Miscellaneous expenses 28039490 434206040 ------ 12931061
Profit and loss --------- --------

ANALYSIS:

Age group of respondents:

OCCUPATION RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Below 20 23 23%
20-30 36 36%
30-40 33 33%
40-50 5 5%
Above 50 3 3%
TOTAL 100 100%

ANALYSIS :The data show that

1) 23 % respondents are below 20 years
2) 36 % respondents are between the age of 20-30
3) 33% respondents are between the age of 30-40

47
4) 5% respondents are between the age of 40-50
5)3% respondents are above 50 years

Sex ratio of respondents:

GENDER RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
MALE 59 59%
FEMALE 41 41%
TOTAL 100 100%

RED-Female

-Male

ANALYSIS : The data show that

1) 59 % respondents are male

2) 41 % respondents are female

FINANCE:

48
It is the life blood of every organization. It is concerned with managerial decision
making. This department is concerned with proper utilization of cash. It identifies the source of
finance where to borrow i.e. ICICI, IRBI, IDBI, Corporation bank etc It has abundant of function
which can be enumerated as follows:

• Effective funds management which is inverted in beneficial projects.

• Decision making regarding fixing of cash account.
• Obtaining trade credit.
• Profit Maximization.
• Wealth Maximization.
• Preparation of cash budgets.
• Systematic approach to working capital management.
• Pricing of raw materials & valuation of stores.
• To protect financial interest of the company

AUDIT DEPARTMENT:

KSDL audit wing is headed by interval auditor. Auditing is vital for the company
asit f a c i l i t a t e s v e r i f y i n g o f a l l t h e b o o k s o f a / c b y trial bala
n c e , i t a l s o c o m p l y w i t h requirements for central excise & income tax purposes.
After the Auditor’s monitor everything they give report which is helpful to the
company.

COSTING:
When a company does costing it ensures proper fixation of selling price of
the product, cost control it also help in taking decision .KSDL use process costing as the
production mechanism is systematic it involves addition of a lot of ingredient in the
manufacturing.

INTERPRETATION :
From the graph it is clear that male respondents are more than male respondent

OCCUPATION RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE

Employee 37 37%
Student 38 38%
Business 14 14%
Others 11 11%
Total 100 100%

49
EMPLOYEE
STUDENT
RED BUSINESS
OTHERS

ANALYSIS :
The data show that
1) 37% respondents are employee
2) 38% respondents are professional
3) 14 % respondents are business people
4) 11% respondents are other

The traditional view of financial management looks into the following

functions that a Finance manager of a business firm will perform:

a) Arrangement of short-term and long term funds from financial institutions.

b) Mobilization of funds through financial instruments like equity shares,
preference shares, debentures, bonds etc.
c) Orientation of finance functions with the accounting function and
compliance legal provisions relating to funds procurement, use and distribution.
With the increase incomplexity of modern business situation, the role of a Finance
manager is not just confined to procurement of funds, but his area of functioning is

50
extendedto judicious and efficient use of funds available to the firm, keeping in the
objectives of the firm and expectations of the providers of funds.

CONCLUSION:
T h e o v e r a l l s t u d y of t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n r e v e a l s t h a t t h e
c o m p a n y h a s g r o w n t remendously s ince its incorporation f rom
1918, n ow it has independent units for manufacturing sandalwood oils,
toilet soaps, detergents, cosmetics, incense sticks and industrial products.
The initially named Government Soap Factory was renamed as
Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Ltd in 1st October 1980.

Its trademark is Sharabha, the slogan stands as “

Natural products with exotic fragrance”
The company is a l eading sandalwood soap manufacturer in the
country. Even though as well as international market. They they have
demand for their products in both domestic are not able themselves as
market leaders due to various reasons such as extensive work force, non-
utilization of installed capacities of manufacturing, lack of proper
distribution network, lack of expenditure in the areas of advertisements
and publicity, competitions of various soaps and detergents and lack
of timely decisions.

REFRENCE:
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