AGRI 2
Go a t Id e n t i f i c a t i o n
AND
Production Management
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 4
• Introduction, Vet Terminology, Biology
• Breeds and Breed Selection
• Goat Nutrition, Behavior, and Basic Training
To p i c • Equipment & Housing Needs, Restraint &
Ou t l i n e Handling
• Grooming, Basic Health Care &
Maintenance Vaccinations,
• Reproduction and Breeding,
• Common Diseases, Common Parasite.
In t r o d u c t i o n
• Goats are similar to sheep in several ways, but they have some
different characteristics to set them apart. Goats have a hair
coat, rather than wool .
• Goats and sheep have similar shaped heads and ears, but
goats tend to be slightly larger. Both are cloven-hoofed.
• Some breeds have horns and goats have beards.
• Goats tend to be more intelligent, independent, and have a
better ability to protect themselves. Goats were one of the first
types of livestock to be domesticated and developed over
8,000 years ago.
In t r o d u c t i o n
• They have been used as grazers to keep grass trimmed . to
clean up plants and weeds, to provide company to other types
of livestock, as a source of meat, as by products and fiber
sources, and as pets.
• Goats are grouped by their purpose and use. Today, China and
India are the leading countries in goat production . Goats are
now used as food sources in products such as milk and meat.
Ve t e r i n a r y Te r m i n o l o g y
C a p r i n e : Veterinary Term for Goat
Do e o r N a n n y : F e m a le Go a t
B u c k o r B i l l y : M a le Go a t
Ki d : A yo u n g g o a t u n d e r a ye a r o f a g e
Ki d d i n g : Th e la b o r p r o c e s s o f g o a t
He r d : A g r o u p o f g o a t s
Bio lo g y
Goats, like sheep, are ruminants. Goats range in sizes tom 2 0
pounds to w ell over 15 0 pounds and range in might betw een 1 .5 and 4
feet. The life span of goat averages from 8-1 0 years. Male goats are
know n for having a strong odor that is due to hormones that are present
on the top of the head, usually behind the horns. The scent glands create
an unpleasant odor mat is typically used to rub objects or areas to mark
their territory. Young male goats' scent glands are usually removed during
dehorning.
Go a t An a t o m y
GOATS BREED
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE II
12
POPULAR
GOAT
BREEDS
10
TREY
research
I. ALPINE
French Alps
• This dairy breed originated in the
French Alps, and can thrive in nearly
any climate.
• Heavy milkers
• Alpine goats average 30-40 inches at the
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shoulders, and weigh 135-170 lbs.
• They have tall, slightly curved horns and
erect ears.
• Males often have long hair along their
spine and more pronounced beards.
TREY
research
II. LA MANCHA
West Coast of United States
• La Mancha goats are born with very tiny
ears.
• They are good milkers, producing milk
with high protein and butterfat content.
• One of the big advantages of this breed
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is that they can be milked for two years
without freshening.
• They are generally easy-going,
cooperative, and sturdy.
TREY
research
III. NUBIAN ANGLO-NUBIAN GOAT
England
• Nubian goats are easily recognizable due to
their long, floppy ears, and convex muzzle.
• Because of their Middle Eastern heritage, this
breed can thrive in hotter climates than other
dairy goats, and they have a longer breeding
season.
• Although they don't produce as much milk per
goat as other breeds, Nubian milk is very high
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in fat content.
• This breed is also raised for meat, or for both
meat and dairy.
TREY
research
IV. SAANEN
Saane Valley, Saane
• Saanen goats are the largest breed of
dairy goat, and are second in milk
production only to Alpine goats.
• These popular goats have short,
14 white hair and upright ears, and are
known for their easy-going
temperament.
TREY
research
V. BOER
South Africa
• If you're looking for an economical
meat animal or are interested in
making a little extra money, consider
raising Boer goats.
15 • Originally bred in South Africa, Boers
are now one of the principal meat
goat breeds in the U.S.
TREY
research
VI. SPANISH
Spain to Mexico to USA
• When the Spanish came to the Americas in the
16th century, they brought goats with them.
• However, even though many goats in the U.S.
have Spanish lineage, there are few purebred
Spanish goats.
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• These meat goats are excellent foragers, and will
climb a tree for the last leaf if they have to.
• They're good mothers, easy birthers, hardy, and
resistant to many parasites.
TREY
research
VII. KIKO
New Zealand
• This meat goat from New Zealand is easy to
raise, grows to market weight quickly, and
will even clean up weeds on your acreage.
• The Kiko goat was developed in New
Zealand by crossing feral goats with dairy
goats in the 1980s.
• The goal was survivability and growth rate.
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The breed took off in the U.S. around 2000
when breeders started crossing Kikos with
Boer goats to combine meat production
with mothering ability.
TREY
research
VIII. TENNESSE FAINTING
Tennessee, USA
• MYOTONIC
• This is the only goat breed indigenous to the United
States.
• The term fainting comes from the goat's tendency to
stiffen or tense up when startled or excited, due to a
genetic condition called myotonia congenita.
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• The muscle stiffening can cause the goats to freeze in
place for about 10 to 20 seconds and, sometimes, fall
over.
• While they are classified as meat goats, many acreage
owners keep them for pets because of their docile
nature and entertaining ways.
• They come in a wide variety of colors and coat lengths.
TREY
research
IX. PYGMY
Cameroon, West Africa
• An adult pygmy goat is about as big
as a medium-sized dog, which
makes these mini goats perfect for
acreages.
19 • While this breed does produce milk,
they are most often raised as pets
and for show.
TREY
research
X. NIGERIAN DWARF
West Africa
• This small dairy breed has big
personality!
• They are proportionate to larger breeds,
only around 2 feet tall and 75 pounds.
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• This breed is gentle and lovable, and
even breeding bucks are handled easily.
• They are known as great pets and perfect
animal projects for young children
TREY
research
XI. ANGORA
Asia minor
• Angora goats produce mohair, often
used in making sweaters, scarves, and
other garments.
• These goats require a bit of extra
21 protection from the weather, since
they can get hypothermia if their long
hair gets wet from cold rain or snow.
TREY
research
XII. CASHMERE
Kashmir, North India
Cashmere is the downy undercoat produced
by all goats and harvested by brushing rather
than shearing. Cashmere goats aren't a
specific breed, but not all goats have what it
takes to produce cashmere on a commercial
scale. Goats raised for cashmere production
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have been selectively bred to produce high
quality cashmere in significant amounts. Still,
it takes four goats about a year to produce
enough cashmere for a sweater.
TREY
research
GROOMING
Presented by ASHELEY A.
ABERGOS
• Goats can be washed with water
and mild soap and brushed
regularly.
• They can be sheared like sheep
to remove excess hair.
• Hooves need routine trimming.
• Show goats are bathed, brushed,
and sheared before competitions.
• Blankets are used to keep them
clean and dry.
• Some goats have hair, others have
mohair, which may need shearing.
BASIC
HEALTHCARE
• Healthy goats exhibit behaviors
such as grazing on pasture,
chewing cud, having a shiny coat,
strong legs, and hooves,
appearing social, and having
bright, clear eyes.
• Goats require similar health
practices and programs as sheep.
• Scent glands are typically
removed from kids using caustic
ointment or electric dehorner.
• Male goats are banded as kids
within 3 - 5 days of age.
VACCINATION
• Vaccination for goats
typically starts between 6
and 8 weeks of age,
following recommendations
similar to those for sheep and
as advised by a veterinarian.
• Common vaccinations include those
for overeating disease, tetanus, sore
mouth, and goat pox, but specific
vaccine programs may vary based
on location and disease prevalence.
• Deworming programs for kids should
commence 4 - 8 weeks after they
start grazing.
Re p r o d u c t io n
a n d Br e e d in g
Re p r o d u c t io n a n d Br e e d in g
Ideal young kids per year: 2-3 kids
Breeding season: Late summer & late fall
Gestation length: 148 -151 days
Kidding: Early spring or late fall
Breeding age for does: Around 2 years
Estrus cycle: Every 16-17 days (weather
dependent)
Re p r o d u c t io n a n d Br e e d in g
Receptive to breeding: 24-48 hours
Newborn kid weight: Around 5 lbs
Housing: Open areas with shelter
Reproduction: rare problems
Labor Presentation: head and front limbs
presented first.
Co m m o n
Di s e a s e s
C o m m o n Di s e a s e s
Signs of an unhealthy or diseased goat
include :
• a poor or rough haircoat
• hair loss
• abnormal temperature
• swelling on joints and body
• pale mucous membranes of the mouth & eye mucosa,
• thickened nasal and ocular discharge.
A Jo i n t Il l
Infectious polyarthritis is a bacterial
condition w here the umbilical cord
site becomes contaminated and
bacteria enter the bloodstream,
causing severe inflammation and
pain in the grow ing joints.
Blo a t B
Bloat is the symptom that occurs
w hen a ruminant animal cannot
burp and is possible w hen goats
ingest foreign objects that cause
severe stomach pains and
digestive upset
C Go a t P o x
Goat pox is a viral disease
characterised by fever,
generalized papules or nodules,
vesicles (rarely), internal lesions
(particularly in the lungs), and
death.
Hy p o c a l c e m i a D
Milk fever is during late pregnancy
associated w ith rapid calcium loss
to the developing fetus for bone
mineralization.
Signs of Milk fever on goats:
• Gasping for breath
• Inability to stand
• Coma
• Decreased respiratory
• Possible death
rate
E TC mastitis, foot rot, & hoof abscesses
Mastitis is an inflammation of udder (mammary gland).
Foot rot is a contagious disease of the hooves in goats.
Hoof abscesses is an acute mostly purulent lameness
condition that involves one or more digit of the hoof.
Co m m o n
P a r a s it e
Fu n g u s R in g w o r m
These are circular lesions that may
look crusty, raised, or discoloured.
Ringw orm directly leads to hair loss or
breakage because hair follicles and
shafts are affected w hen fungi invade
the goat's skin.
Th a n k y o u f o r
lis t e n in g !
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!
