GEN ED 107 – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Getting to Know You…

 Full Name
 Age
 Address
 Contact Number
 WHAT I KNOW?
 WHAT I WANT TO LEARN?
 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course explores the concept of globalization,
principles and central ideas of important globalization
theories through systematic and thoughtful critical
thinking. This course includes defining globalization,
global economy, market integration and the Global
interstate system.
 GEN ED 09 – THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

COURSE OUTLINE
WEEK/S COURSE TOPIC/S

I. Globalization
WEEK 1
A.Global Experiences
B.Globalization: A Working Definition
C.Globalization from the Ground Up
II. Globalization of World Economics
WEEK 2-3
A.International Trading Systems
B.The Bretton Woods System
C.Neoliberalism and its Discontents
 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

WEEK 4-5 III. History of Global Politics: Creating an International Order

A.The Global Politics
B.Attributes of Today’s Global System

WEEK 6-7 IV.United Nations and Contemporary Global Governance

A.The definition and International Organization
B. United Nations and its Challenges

WEEK 8 MIDTERM EXAMINATION

 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

WEEK 9-10 V. Media and Globalization

A. Media and its Functions
B.The Global Village and Cultural imperialism’s critiques
C.Social Media and the Creation of Cyber Ghettoes
WEEK 11-12 VI. The Global City
A.Why Study Global Cities
B.The Challenges of Global Cities
C. The Global Ciities and the Poor
WEEK 13 VII. Global Demography
A.The Perils of Overpopulation
B.Population Growth and Food Security
 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

WEEK 14 VIII.Global Migration and Immigration

A. Global Migration

WEEK 15-16 IX. Overseas Filipinos

A. Population: It’s Economic Impact
B. Issues

WEEK 17 FINAL EXAMINATION

 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

COURSE REQUIREMENT/S
MIDTERM FINALS
Short Video Group Presentation
Presentation
( Experiences on Globalization)

DAILY REQUIREMENT:
Cite ANY (LOCAL/NATIONAL/GLOBAL) NEWS related to Globalization
and Report it to the Class!
 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

GRADING SYSTEM
Term Grade: Class Standing - 60%
Examinations - 40%

Final Ratings: 50% Mid Term & 50% Final Term

 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

CLASSROOM HOUSE RULES:

 Let us nurture our classroom as a landscape for academic discussion
 If you have a concern that involves everyone, LET’S TALK ABOUT IT
IN CLASS. If you have a concern that involves only you, LET’S TALK
ABOUT IT ATER CLASS.
 I only respond to EMAILS until 5PM. You may reach me at
ChanA.ISPSCMAIN@gmail.com or you can message me at my
personal messenger.
 GEN ED 09 – LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

ANY CONCERNS…
ctively participate

isten carefully

earn and share

ield together the

valuable knowledge
KUNTING KAALAMAN
GDP ng PILIPINAS,
inaasahang tataas mula 6.5 to
7.5% dahil sa sector ng
agrikultura na siyang
nagpapabilis sa paglago nito.
INTERCONNECTEDNESS and INTERDEPENDENCE

of WORLDS NATION!
,
 GLOBALIZATION?
Defined as a process of interaction and integration among the
people, companies, and governments of different nations aided
by information technology.
Moreover, the feeling that the world is at our fingertips. (e.g. the
Internet)
“collapsing of borders”; the “shrinking of the world”.
Globalization, then, is not only a complex phenomenon,
but an uneven one as well.
E P E
N C
C O V
S U
O L I
R O L
I
N O
C T
T N
O I
M I U
E R
M C N O
I T - A
A A L
C L L
 ECONOMIC
GLOBALIZATION
is the economic connection of a country with the global
economic system.  EARLY CAPITALIST IDEA:
- Quickly transport people and cargo • “Free Market Economy” (Adam
- We can sell our goods, we can also Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776),
Market is “free” from State control.
purchase our supplies • Division of labor
 TODAY: • Competition
Economies are Increasingly Linked together.
Ex. World Trade Organization - only global
MULTI-NATIONAL
international organization dealing with the CORPORATIONS
rules of trade between nations.
 SOCIO–CULTURAL
GLOBALIZATION
is the process by which cultural differences, between different races,
regions, and individuals are removed.

- We become inclusive
- Improvements in communication and we instantly adapt
various worlds practices.
Cultural Imperialism = Dominance of one culture over others Hollywood movies, MacDonald’s,
Starbucks.
Dominance of the English language and invasion of other languages.
“Culture Industry” = opportunities for Africans to sell their culture in the “global market” that
values traditional culture.
 POLITICAL
GLOBALIZATION
- Governments give efforts as they initiate in
organizing agreements and treaties that facilitate
international interaction.

- Global alliances become

clear during war time.
 ENVIRONMENTAL
GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION in the dimension of the ENVIRONMENT
is also an important concern to the world. It refers to
internationally coordinated practices and regulations regarding
environmental protection.

- Pollution crosses national boundaries

 ASSIGNMENT

1. Enjoy the rest of the day! 

2. Spend time with your family.
23
Something TRUE or FALSE about WORLD ECONOMY
TRUE FALSE

Globalization in World Economics is defined as

1.
free movement of goods and services worldwide.

The notion of Adam Smith “laissez faire”

2.
means the market is “free” from State control.

World Trade Organization is one of the many global international

3.
organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

Reveal Answer
,
 INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM
The international trading “system” comprises many thousands of unilateral,
bilateral, regional, and multilateral rules and agreements among more than two
hundred independent nations. Atop this complex and rapidly evolving mass of political
and economic arrangements is the World Trade Organization (WTO).

“SILK ROAD”-a network of pathways in

the ancient world that spanned from China
to what is now in the Middle East and
Europe.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- The GATT was an agreement rather than a full-fledged
international organization and had “contracting parties” rather
than members. The primary goal of the GATT was to promote
non-discriminatory trade liberalization. The fundamental
guidelines were non-discrimination (most-favoured-nation
treatment among signatories), reciprocity, and transparency.
And it was set up to eliminate protectionism, get countries
trading freely among themselves, and help restore economic
prosperity following the devastation of World War II.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- The GATT initially focused almost entirely on trade in
manufactured goods, i.e., goods that were then exported
mainly by the developed countries, and GATT rules for poor
countries were mostly the same as those for rich countries.
However, developing countries were accorded special
treatment through exemptions from some rules, e.g.,
permission under Article XVIII to use tariffs and quotas to
promote an infant industry or to deal with balance of
payments problems.
 WHAT IS GOLD STANDARD?
The countries established a common basis for currency prices and
a fixed exchange rate system-all based on the value of gold.
During World War I, many were forced to abandon the gold
standard since European countries had low gold reserves; they
adopted currencies that were no longer redeemable in gold.
Returning to a pure standard became more difficult as the global
economic crisis called “Great Depression-started during 1920-
1930 (further emptying government coffers”.
 WHAT IS GOLD STANDARD?
Economic historian BARRY EICHENGREEN argues
that the recovery of the US really began when, having
abandoned the gold standard.
Today, the world economy operates based on what are
called fiat currencies- this system allows governments
to freely and actively manage their economies by
increasing or decreasing the amount of money in
circulation as they see fit.
 WHAT IS BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM?
- a set of unified rules and policies that provided the framework
necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates.
Delegates at Bretton Woods agreed to create 2 financial
institutions:
1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)-
World Bank; to be responsible for funding post-war reconstruction
projects.It was a critical institution at a time when many of the world’s cities
had been destroyed by the war.
2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) -it was to be the global
lender of last resort to prevent individual countries from spiralling into
credit crisis.
 WHAT IS NEOLIBERALISM?
"Neoliberalism" is contemporarily used to refer to market-
oriented reform policies such as "eliminating price controls,
deregulating capital markets, lowering trade barriers "and
reducing state influence in the economy, especially through
privatization and austerity.Also deals with the reductions in
government spending in order to increase the role of the
private sector in the economy and society.
 NEOLIBERALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS
Global Keynesianism came in the mid-1940s-1970s.
During this period, governments’ poured money into their economies,
allowing people to purchase more goods and, in the process, increase
demand for these products.
In the early 1970s,however, the prices of oil rose sharply as a result of
the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries(OAPEC)
imposition of an embargo in response to the decision of US and other
countries to resupply the Israeli military with the needed arms during the
Yom Kippur War.
Arab countries also used the embargo to stabilize their economies and
growth.
The “oil embargo” affected the Western economies that were reliant
on oil.
The result was a phenomenon called STAGFLATION-decline in
economic growth and employment (stagnation) takes place alongside
a sharp increase in prices (inflation).
Friedrich Hayek & Milton Friedman argued that the government’s
practice of pouring money into their economies had caused inflation by
increasing demand for goods without necessarily increasing supply.
It resulted to Washington Consensus which dominated global
economic policies from 1980s-2000s. On this, they implement radical
policy reforms to address the problems they are experiencing.
(Openness)
 What do the mirror symbolizes?
Do you know the essence of having a mirror?
History of Global Politics: Creating an International Order
Global politics, also known as world politics, names
both the discipline that studies the political and economic
patterns of the world and the field that is being studied. At the
center of that field are the different processes of political
globalization in relation to questions of social power. The
discipline studies the relationships between cities, nation-
states, multinational corporations, and international
organizations. Global politics is said by some to be
distinct from the field of international politics.
ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL SYSTEM
The world today has four key attributes:
1. There are countries or states that are independent and
govern themselves.
2. This country interacts with each other through diplomacy.
3. There are international organizations, like the UN that
facilitate these interactions.
4. Beyond simply facilitating meetings between states,
international organizations also take on lives of their own.
WHAT ARE THE ORIGINS OF THIS SYSTEM?
STATE In layman’s term, NATION emphasizes the
state refers to a country organic ties that hold groups of
and its government.” people together and inspire a
sense of loyalty and belonging.
Characteristics: Characteristics:
POPULATION CULTURE
GOVERNMENT LANGUAGE
SOVEREIGNTY ETHNICITY
TERRITORY RELIGION
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
- It is one side of the many sides of
contemporary political globalization
that seeks collaboration among nation-
state through the establishments of
Intergovernmental Organizations.
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (IGO)
AIM: foster the different dimension of Globalization. All IGOs
serve purposes based on the common interest of their
member-states that is deemed beneficial to all parties
involved.

ASEAN (1967) NATO

Association of Southeast North Atlantic Treaty
Asian Nations with 10 Organization
members By: Jens Stoltenberg
THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
1.) The origins of the present day concept
of sovereignty can be traced back to the
Treaty of Westphalia, which was set of
agreements signed in 1648 to end the
30years War between CATHOLICISM and
PROTESTANTISM.
2.) The Westphalian system provided
stability for the nation of Europe, until it
faced its first major challenge by Napoleon
Bonaparte. - believed in spreading the
principles of the French Revolution liberty,
equality, and fraternity to the rest of Europe,
and thus challenged the power of kings,
queens, and religion in Europe.
3.) The freedom of expression pioneered by
Napoleon was also known as a
NAPOLEONIC CODE.
4.) Napoleon encourage freedom or religion
(you choose) and promoted meritocracy in
government (you get hired if you are
qualified)
5.) Anglo and Prussian armies defeated
Napoleon in the battle of Waterloo in 1815,
ending the latter’s mission to spread his liberal
code across Europe.
6.) Since people already had taste of freedom,
the royal powers created a new system that, in
effect, restored the Westphalian system.
7.) The Concert of Europe was an alliance
of “great powers”- the UK, Austria, Russia
and Prussia - that sought to restore the
world of monarchical, hereditary, and
religious practices in the past. Authored by
Klemens Von Metternich.
The first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal
internationalism was the 19th century Italian patriot
Giuseppe Mazzini.
He forwarded the principle of self-determination-the
belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free and
sovereign government hoping that these free nations
would become democracies.
Means of Production - the capitalist refereed to the owners
of factories, companies and others
and Contemporary Global Governance
International NGO's sometimes considered as
IOs (international organization) this term
_______________________________-
is commonly used to refer to groups that are
primarily made up of member states whose
purpose is to address a social or political
issue.
Michael N. Barnett & Martha Finniemore power of IOs listed;
oIOs have the power
fix meanings
to____________________, terms like
"security" or "development" need to be well
defined.
classifications it
oIOs have the power of ________________
can invent and apply categories and it creates
powerful global standards.
 Michael N. Barnett & Martha Finniemore power of IOs listed;
- IOs diffuse norms ;
have the power to_________________________
Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may not be
strict law. IOs do not only classify and fix meanings;
but also spread their ideas across the world. However,
because of these immense powers, IOs can be sources of
great good and great harm. Also, it can promote relevant
norms like environmental protection and human rights.
In present day, what is the
most prominent
international organization?
 When does the most prominent
international organization in the
contemporary world began?
After the collapse of the League of Nations at the end of the
World War II, countries that worried about another global war
began to push for the formation of a more lasting
international league.
UNITED NATIONS:
Way to reduce international tensions, promote human
rights, and decrease the possibility of other large-
scale conflicts, it also aims to increase political and
economic cooperation among its member countries.
UNITED NATIONS: Established after WW II in June 26, 1945
(San Francisco Charter) and it began on October 24, 1945.
Predecessor: League of Nations (after WWI in 1920)
HEADQUARTERS: New York
193 States
MEMBERSHIP: ______________
LEADERSHIP: Antonio Guterres
MANDATES: To end international war and promote social
and economic development
Identify at least one (1) organ
of the UNITED NATIONS
ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
General Assembly (GA)
Meeting of all member states
Recommendatory function only
Appointing the Secretary – General on the recommendation of the
Security Council
Electing the non-permanent members of the Security Council
Approving the UN budget
NOTE: Require a two–thirds majority General Assembly.
______________________of
Decisions on the other questions are done by simple majority.
Annually, the General Assembly elects a GA President to serve a one-
year term of office”. All members’ states (currently at 193) have seats in
the GA.
Security Council (SC)
 Composed of five (5) members (FURUC)
10 elected members –2 year term
 Takes the lead in determining the
existence of a threat to the peace or an
act of aggression.
Algeria, Ecuador, Guyana, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Korea,
Sierra Leone, Slovenia, and Switzerland
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
 To decide legal disputes among states
 Recommend sanctions
 The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in
the Hague (Netherlands)
15 judges and its
 The court is composed of ___________,
English and French.
official languages are ___________________
 Trusteeship Council (TC)
 The main goals of the International Trusteeship
System were to promote the advancement of the
inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive
development towards self-government or
independence.
 The TC is made up of five permanent members
of the SC---FURUC.
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
“The principal body for coordination, policy
review, policy dialogue, and
recommendations on social and
environmental issues, as well as the
implementation of internationally agreed
development goals”
Secretariat
 Composed of the Secretary-General (presides the General
Assembly meeting) and Staff
 Manages the general assembly
 Record keeper of the sessions
 The Secretariat is organized along departmental lines, with
each department or office having a distinct area of action and
responsibility. Offices and departments coordinate and
administer with each other to ensure cohesion in the UN’s
programme of work
CHALLENGES OF THE UNITED NATIONS
The UN is not a world government, and its functions primarily
because of voluntary cooperation from states. If states refuse to
cooperate, the influenced of the UN can be severely
circumscribed.
For example, the UN Council on Human Rights can send special
rapporteurs to countries where alleged human rights violations are
occurring. If a country does not invite the rapporteur or places
conditions on his/her activities, however, this information gathering
mechanism usually fails to achieve its goals.