INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
LAB FILE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for BBA programme of Guru
Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi.
Submitted by
ARYAN JAIN
00229901721
Submitted to
Mr. Deepak Rathore
Lingaya’s Lalita Devi Institute of Management & Sciences
Mandi Road, Mandi
Delhi-110047
i
DECLARATION
I, hereby declare that the Project Report, entitled “INFORMATION SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT”, It is an original piece of work done and submitted by me towards
the partial fulfillment of my three years degree program of BBA under the guidance of
Mr. Deepak Rathore.
Place: New Delhi Candidate’s Signature
Name: ARYAN JAIN
Roll no: 00229901721
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that ARYAN JAIN, BBA V Sem Enrollment No. 00229901721 have
successfully completed the ISM project. This project has been done in fulfillment for
Bachelor of Business Administration course. The student has also made his project to
my entire satisfaction and as per the requirement of the course.
The work has not been anywhere else for the award of degree. All source of
information has been duly mentioned.
SIGNATURE
Mr. Deepak Rathore
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a pleasure to have the opportunity to extend my heartiest thanks to everybody who
helped me through the successful completion of my project report, which is a great
source of learning and experience for me.
I would like to thank my teacher Mr. Deepak Rathore, for cheerfully and generously
giving her time, advice and efforts and also for sharing her experiences with me which
helped me to increase my awareness levels and my confidence.
ARYAN JAIN
00229901721
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CONTENTS
Topic Page No.
Declaration i
Acknowledgement ii
Certificate iii
List of Contents iv
MEANING OF MIS AND NEED OF MIS 1-9
• Meaning of Management Information System 1
• Concept of Information 1
• The Need For Mis 2
• Characteristics of Mis 2
• Types of Information 3
• System Development Life Cycle 6
CREATE A COMPANY DATABASE 10-16
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CHAPTER-1 MEANING OF MIS AND NEED OF MIS
1.1 MEANING OF MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
A management information system (MIS) is an information system used for decision making
and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization;
especially in a company.
MIS is the acronym for Management Information Systems. In a nutshell, MIS is a collection
of systems, hardware, procedures and people that all work together to process, store, and
produce information that is useful to the organization.
1.2 CONCEPT OF INFORMATION
Information is stimuli that have meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is
entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing output
data can again be perceived as information.
The word `information' is used commonly in our day to day work. In MIS, information has a
precise meaning and it is different from data. The information has value in decision making
while data does not have information brings clarity and creates an intelligent human response
in the mind.
In MIS a clear distinction is made between data and information. Data is like raw materials
while the information is equivalent to the finished goods produced after processing the raw
material. Information has certain characteristics. These are:
• Information
• Improves representation of an entity
• Updates the level of knowledge
• Has a surprising value
• Reduces uncertainty
• Aids in decision making
The quality of information could be called good or bad depending on the mix of these
characteristics.
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1.3 THE NEED FOR MIS
The following are some of the justifications for having an MIS system
• MIS systems facilitate communication within and outside the organization – employees
within the organization are able to
• Easily access the required information for the day to day operations. Facilitates such as
Short Message Service (SMS) & Email make it possible to communicate with
customers and suppliers from within the MIS system that an organization is using.
• Record keeping – management information systems record all business transactions of
an organization and provide a reference point for the transactions.
1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF MIS
The following are the characteristics of MIS:
1. System Approach- It is concerned with the whole of the system and its performance is
measured with the objectives for which it has been made by taking a comprehensive
view. It is a step-by-step procedure to studythe whole system along with its subsystems.
2. Management Oriented/Relevance - The system should be designed by keeping the
organizational objectives in the mind. For designing MIS top-down approach should be
followed. The top-down approach means the system development should start from the
determination of the management needs and overall objectives of the business.
3. Need-Based - The system should be able to serve to a specific need of managers at
different levels which are strategic planning level, management control level, and
operational control level. So, it should be designed accordingly to present that criteria.
4. Exception Based - MIS should also be exception based. In some abnormal cases, the
expected value may vary beyond the sufferance limits. In those cases, there should be
exceptions reporting to the decision makers at the required level.
5. Future Oriented - An MIS also should be future oriented. MIS should also look to the
future. In other words, It should not only provide past or historical information that
already exists. It has to provide information on the idea of projections that are to be
initiated in the future.
6. Integrated - A management information system should be integrated. An MIS is a
logically integrated system comprising subsystems. Where all the activities of each
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subsystem are inter-related. Integration is possible by the rotation of the data among
those subsystems. Integration is significant because of its ability to produce more
meaningful information. It is important to have an integrated system because to make
an effective decision, information may be required from different areas or within the
different parts of the organization. In order to provide a total solution to the plan,
complete and integrated information is needed which can only be provided by an
integrated system.
7. Common Data Flows/Common Databases - Common data flow is a logical
costeffective concept of making an MIS more meaningful. There should be some
common data flows in the system in order to avoid data redundancy and duplicity.
8. Long-Term Planning - Long-term planning is another important characteristic of MIS
that should have. It should not get obsolete very soon. At the time of designing MIS,
the system analyzer should keep in mind that the design should be future-oriented and
future effectiveness.
9. Subsystem Concept – The subsystem concept is another characteristic of MIS which
says that the system must be broken down into subsystems so that the work can be
completed easily and on time. Although a system is considered as a single entity, a big
system should be divided into subsystems so that one subsystem can be implemented at
a time for better effectiveness.
10. Reliability & Accuracy - Reliability and accuracy is other key point of an effective
MIS. MIS whole improves the efficiency of the complete organization. So, the
information provided should be reliable and accurate in all aspects. Inadequate or
incorrect information generally leads to the decision of poor quality.
1.5 TYPES OF INFORMATION
1.5.1 Classification by Characteristic
Strategic Information: Strategic information is concerned with long term policy decisions that
define the objectives of a business and check how well these objectives are met. For example,
acquiring a new plant, a new product, diversification of business etc., comes under strategic
information.
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Tactical Information: Tactical information is concerned with the information needed for
exercising control over business resources, like budgeting, quality control, service level,
inventory level, productivity level etc.
Operational Information: Operational information is concerned with plant/business level
information and is used to ensure the proper conduction of specific operational tasks as
planned/intended. Various operator specific, machine specific and shift specific jobs for quality
control checks come under this category.
1.5.2 Classification by Application
Planning Information: These are the information needed for establishing standard norms and
specifications in an organization. This information is used in strategic, tactical, and operation
planning of any activity. Examples of such information are time standards, design standards.
Control Information: This information is needed for establishing control over all business
activities through feedback mechanism. This information is used for controlling attainment,
nature and utilization of important processes in a system. When such information reflects a
deviation from the established standards, the system should induce a decision or an action
leading to control.
Organizational Information: Organizational information deals with an organization's
environment, culture in the light of its objectives. Karl Weick's Organizational Information
Theory emphasizes that an organization reduces its equivocality or uncertainty by collecting,
managing and using these information prudently. This information is used by everybody in the
organization; examples of such information are employee and payroll information.
Operating Support Management Office Automation
System Support System System
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Operating Support System (OSS)
Operating Support System are primarily concerned with operations and their objectives is to
improve the operational efficiency of the enterprise. They primarily use internal data and serve
the information requirement of lower and middle levels of management. The various operating
support system are:
a. Transaction Processing System (TPS)
b. Management Support System (MIS)
c. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Management Support System (MSS)
Management support system focus on the managerial uses of information resources and provide
information to managers for planning and decision-making. MSSs extend the information
retrieval capabilities of the end-users with ‘query and analysis function’ for searching a
database, generating ‘what if’ scenarios, and other purposes. These systems use both internal
and external data for generating information using various data analysis tools.
The different types of MSS are:
a. Decision Support System (DSS)
b. Executive Information System (EIS)
c. Expert System (ES)
Office Automation System (OAS)
Office automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and
software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and
communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a
company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning. In addition,
functions that once required coordinating the expertise of outside specialists in typesetting,
printing, or electronic recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an
organization, saving both time and money. Types of office automation systems are:
a. Text Processing System
b. Electronic Document
c. Electronic Messaging System
d. Teleconferencing and Videos
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e. Conferencing System
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE(SDLC)
SDLC or the Software Development Life Cycle is a process that produces software with the
highest quality and lowest cost in the shortest time possible. SDLC provides a well-structured
flow of phases that help an organization to quickly produce high-quality software which is
well- tested and ready for production use.
The SDLC involves six phases as explained in the introduction. Popular SDLC models include
the waterfall model, spiral model, and Agile model.
Working of SDLC
SDLC works by lowering the cost of software development while simultaneously improving
quality and shortening production time. SDLC achieves these apparently divergent goals by
following a plan that removes the typical pitfalls of software development projects. That plan
starts by evaluating existing systems for deficiencies.
Next, it defines the requirements of the new system. It then creates the software through the
stages of analysis, planning, design, development, testing, and deployment. By anticipating
costly mistakes like failing to ask the end-user or client for feedback, SLDC can eliminate
redundant rework and after-the-fact fixes.
It’s also important to know that there is a strong focus on the testing phase. As the SDLC is a
repetitive methodology, you have to ensure code quality at every cycle. Many organizations
tend to spend few efforts on testing while a stronger focus on testing can save them a lot of
rework, time, and money. Be smart and write the right types of tests.
Next, let’s explore the different stages of the Software Development Life Cycle
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Stages and Best Practices
Following the best practices and/or stages of SDLC ensures the process works in a smooth,
efficient, and productive way.
1. Identify the Current Problems
“What are the current problems?” This stage of the SDLC means getting input from all
stakeholders, including customers, salespeople, industry experts, and programmers. Learn
the strengths and weaknesses of the current system with improvement as the goal. 2. Plan
“What do we want?” In this stage of the SDLC, the team determines the cost and
resources required for implementing the analyzed requirements. It also details the risks
involved and provides sub-plans for softening those risks.
In other words, the team should determine the feasibility of the project and how they
can implement the project successfully with the lowest risk in mind.
3. Design
“How will we get what we want?” This phase of the SDLC starts byturning the software
specifications into a design plan called the Design Specification. All stakeholders then
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review this plan and offer feedback and suggestions. It’s crucial to have a plan for
collecting and incorporating stakeholder input into this document. Failure at this stage
will almost certainly result in cost overruns at best and the total collapse of the project
at worst.
4. Build
“Let’s create what we want.”
At this stage, the actual development starts. It’s important that every developer sticks
to the agreed blueprint. Also, make sure you have proper guidelines in place about the
code style and practices.
For example, define a nomenclature for files or define a variable naming style such as
camelCase. This will help your team to produce organized and consistent code that is
easier to understand but also to test during the next phase.
5. Code Test
“Did we get what we want?” In this stage, we test for defects and deficiencies. We fix
those issues until the product meets the original specifications.In short, we want to
verify if the code meets the defined requirements.
6. Software Deployment
“Let’s start using what we got.”
At this stage, the goal is to deploy the software to the production environment so users
can start using the product. However, many organizations choose to move the product
through different deployment environments such as a testing or staging environment.
This allows any stakeholders to safely play with the product before releasing it to the
market. Besides, this allows any final mistakes to be caught before releasing the
product.
7. Extra: Software Maintenance
“Let’s get this closer to what we want.” The plan almost never turns out perfect when
it meets reality. Further, as conditions in the real world change, we need to update and
advance the software to match.
The Dev Ops movement has changed the SDLC in some ways. Developers are now responsible
for more and more steps of the entire development process. We also see the value of shifting
left. When development and Ops teams use the same toolset to track performance and pin down
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defects from inception to the retirement of an application, this provides a common language
and faster handoffs between teams.
Application performance monitoring (APM) tools can be used in a development, QA, and
production environment. This keeps everyone using the same toolset across the entire
development lifecycle.
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CHAPTER-2 CREATE A COMPANY DATABASE
EmployeeInfo Table:
Query:
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEEINFO(EMPID NUMBER(15,5) PRIMARY KEY, EMPFNAME
CHAR(15), EMPLNAME CHAR (15), DEPARTMENT CHAR(15), PROJECT VARCHAR(5),
ADDRESS VARCHAR(25),DOB DATE, GENDER CHAR(10));
insert into employeeinfo
values(1,'SANJAY','MEHRA','HR','P1','HYDERABAD(HYD)','01/DEC/1976','M');
insert into employeeinfo
values(2,'ANANYA','MISHRA','ADMIN','P1','DELHI(DL)','02/MAY/1968','F');
insert into employeeinfo
values(3,'ROHAN','DIWAN','ACCOUNT','P3','MUMBAI(BON)','01/JAN/1980','M');
insert into employeeinfo
values(4,'SONIA','KULKARNI','HR','P1','HYDERABAD(HYD)','02/MAY/1992','F');
insert into employeeinfo
values(5,'ANKIT','KAPOOR','ADMIN','P2','DELHI(DL)','03/JUL/1994','M');
SELECT*FROM EMPLOYEEINFO;
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Output:
EmployeePosition Table:
Query:
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEEPOSITION(EMPID NUMBER(15), EMPPOSITION CHAR(15),
DATEOFJOINING DATE, SALARY NUMBER (18));
Insert into Employeeposition values(1,'Manager','01/May/2022',500000);
Insert into Employeeposition values(2,'Executive','02/May/2022',75000);
Insert into Employeeposition values(3,'Manager','01/May/2022',90000);
Insert into Employeeposition values(2,'Lead','02/May/2022',85000);
Insert into Employeeposition values(1,'Executive','01/May/2022',300000);
SELECT*FROM EMPLOYEEPOSITION;
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Output:
QUESTIONS
Q1. Write a query to fetch the EmpFname from the EmployeeInfo table in upper case
and use the ALIAS name as EmpName.
Query:
SELECT UPPER(EmpFname) AS EmpName FROM EmployeeInfo;
Output:
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Q2. Write a query to fetch the number of employees working in the department ‘HR’.
Query:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EmployeeInfo WHERE Department = 'HR';
Output:
Q3. Write a query to get the current date.
Query:
SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;
Output:
Q4. Write a query to retrieve the first four characters of EmpLname from the
EmployeeInfo table.
Query:
SELECT SUBSTR(EmpLname, 1, 4) FROM EmployeeInfo; Output:
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Q5. Write a query to fetch only the place name(string before brackets) from the Address
column of EmployeeInfo table.
Query:
SELECT SUBSTR(Address, 1, INSTR(Address,'(')) FROM EmployeeInfo;
Output:
Q6. Write a query to create a new table which consists of data and structure copied
from the other table.
Query:
CREATE TABLE NewTable AS SELECT * FROM EmployeeInfo;
Output:
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Q7. Write q query to find all the employees whose salary is between 50000 to 100000.
Query:
SELECT * FROM EmployeePosition WHERE Salary BETWEEN '50000' AND '100000';
Output:
Q8. Write a query to find the names of employees that begin with ‘S’ Query:
SELECT * FROM EmployeeInfo WHERE EmpFname LIKE 'S%'; Output:
Q9. Write a query to retrieve the EmpFname and EmpLname in a single column as
“FullName”. The first name and the last name must be separated with space.
Query:
select Empfname||''||Emplname from employeeinfo;
Output:
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Q10. Write a query find number of employees whose DOB is between 02/05/1970 to
31/12/1975 and are grouped according to gender
Query:
SELECT COUNT(*) GENDER FROM EmployeeInfo WHERE DOB BETWEEN '02/MAY/1970 '
AND '31/DEC/1975';
Output:
Q11. Write a query to fetch details of employees whose EmpLname starts with an
alphabet ‘M’ ?
Query:
select * from employeeinfo where EmpLname LIKE 'M%';
Output:
Q12. Write a query to fetch details of all employees excluding the employees with first
names, “Sanjay” and “Sonia” from the EmployeeInfo table.
Query:
SELECT * FROM EmployeeInfo WHERE EmpFname NOT IN ('SANJAY','SONIA');
Output:
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