Smart Staircase
Lighting
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
MAYANK CHOUDHARY DR. AMANDEEP SINGH
REG. NO.- 12300933
SECTION- K23EA
ROLL NO.- 49
Smart StairCase Lighting
Table Of Content
PAGE NO.
1. Table of Content 03
2. Abstract 04
3. Introduction 04
4. Component Used 05
5. Methodology 06
6. Circuit Diagram 08
7. Procedure 09
8. Result 11
9. Conclusion 13
10. Reference 14
ABSTRACT
The Smart Staircase Lighting system employs Arduino Uno and IR sensor
technologies to automate lighting based on human presence on the staircase.
This project eliminates the necessity for manual switching, thereby enhancing
convenience and energy efficiency. The system detects the presence of
individuals and activates the lights accordingly, ensuring safe navigation. This
paper details the implementation of sensing data and lighting control methods,
providing insights into the technology's development and potential
applications.
INTRODUCTION
Automation has revolutionized the control and management of various
systems within households, enhancing comfort and quality of life. Among its
components, lighting control systems play a pivotal role, offering intelligent
solutions for efficient energy usage and convenience. Automatic lighting
control, a subset of automation, utilizes occupancy sensors to detect human
presence and regulate lighting accordingly. By interfacing with
microcontrollers, these systems activate lights upon detecting occupancy,
providing a seamless and energy-efficient lighting experience.
Unlike standalone controls or traditional manual switches, lighting control
systems offer centralized management through user interface devices. This
centralized control enables the creation of customized lighting scenes tailored
to different activities within a space, maximizing flexibility and convenience.
Moreover, these systems contribute to reduced energy consumption and
prolonged lamp life by dimming or switching off lights when not in use.
Wireless lighting control systems further enhance flexibility and cost-
effectiveness by eliminating the need for extensive wiring and allowing
placement of switches and sensors in optimal locations. This report explores
various methods for sensing human presence in confined spaces, assessing the
accuracy and effectiveness of different sensor types. Additionally, it delves
into data classification techniques, emphasizing the importance of accurate
sensor data and efficient machine learning algorithms in distinguishing
between different types of presence based on features such as distance, number
of occupants, and speed. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the
advancement of intelligent lighting control systems, paving the way for
enhanced comfort, energy efficiency, and user experience in residential
environments.
COMPONENT USED
1. ARDUINO UNO
2. IR Receiver
3. LED
4. RESISTOR
5. JUMPER WIRE
6. ARDUINO USB CONNECTOR
METHODOLOGY
1. Materials and Components Acquisition: The project necessitates gathering
essential materials including an Arduino Uno , an IR (Infrared) sensor, resistors,
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes), wires, and a cardboard base for construction
and construction of stairs.
2. Understanding Component Functions: Before assembly, a comprehensive
understanding of each component's function is imperative. This includes
grasping the operation of the Arduino Uno as the central control unit, the IR
sensor for detecting motion, resistors for current regulation, LEDs for
illumination, and wires for connectivity.
3. Circuit Design and Schematic Planning: With a clear understanding of
component functions, a schematic diagram is drafted to depict the
interconnection of components. The Arduino Uno serves as the core, interfacing
with the IR sensor, resistors, and LEDs. Proper resistor values are calculated to
ensure safe LED operation.
4. Component Placement on Cardboard Base: Using the schematic as a guide,
the components are strategically positioned on the cardboard base. The stairs
made of up cardboard pasted on cardboard base , Arduino Uno is placed down
the stairs , while the IR sensor is mounted at the top of the staircase to detect
motion. LEDs are distributed along the staircase for adequate illumination.
5. Wiring Configuration: Wiring is correctly arranged according to the
schematic diagram. Connections between the Arduino Uno, IR sensor, resistors,
and LEDs are established using jumper wires, ensuring proper signal
transmission and power distribution.
6. Programming the Arduino Uno: The Arduino Uno is programmed using the
Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The code instructs the
microcontroller to read input signals from the IR sensor, process the data, and
trigger the appropriate response, i.e., turning the LEDs on or off based on
detected motion.
7. Code Optimization and Testing : The program code is refined to optimize
performance and ensure seamless operation. Testing is conducted at each stage
of code development to identify and rectify any errors or bugs.
8. Integration and Final Assembly: Once individual components are tested and
calibrated, they are integrated into the cardboard base assembly. Care is taken
to secure components firmly in place to prevent displacement during operation.
9. System Integration Testing: The complete system undergoes testing to
validate functionality and performance. This includes verifying motion
detection accuracy, LED illumination responsiveness, and overall system
reliability.
By Carefully following this methodology, the automatic staircase lighting project
using Arduino Uno, IR sensor, LEDs, and cardboard base is successfully designed,
constructed, and tested, demonstrating the seamless integration of hardware and
software components to achieve efficient and user-friendly automation.
CIRCUIT DAIGRAM
Fig 1.1
In Fig 1.1 , as we can see 2 IR sensor are connected with Arduino uno and 2
LED are connected with Arduino . When sensor 1 detected any object , it Glow
LED one by one and then off the LED one by one . In the same manner , if
sensor 2 detected any object , it glow LED one by one and then off the LED
one by one.
Now I’m explaining the complete procedure how it working in details.
PROCEDURE
Step 1:- Firstly cut a piece of cardboard to serve as the base of the staircase then
Cut cardboard pieces into stair shapes, ensuring uniformity in size and
shape. Attach the cardboard stairs to the base in a step-like fashion, using
adhesive to paste them.
Step 2:- Now mount the IR sensors on staircase .Position one IR sensor at the
top of the staircase and another at the bottom. Use adhesive mounts to
securely attach the sensors.
Step 3:- Now place LED lights on each stair as shown in (fig 1.2) .Connect the
positive terminal of each LED to a resistor to limit current flow and
protect the LEDs and connect the negative terminal of each LED to a
common ground wire.
Fig 1.2
Step 4:- After connecting led to common ground wire , Now connect one end
of the common ground wire to the ground (GND) pin on the Arduino
Uno. Connect the other end of the common ground wire to the negative
terminals of all LEDs then connect the output pins of the IR sensors to
digital input pins on the Arduino Uno. At last connect the positive
terminals of the LEDs to digital output pins on the Arduino Uno as
shown in (fig 1.3).
Fig 1.3
Step 4:- After doing all the connection. Connect the Arduino Uno to your
computer using a USB cable and open the Arduino IDE on your
computer
Step 5:- Now write code to initialize the IR sensor pins, LED pins, and other
necessary variables. Implement logic to detect motion using the IR
sensors and control the LEDs accordingly.
Step 6:- Compile the code in the Arduino IDE to check for errors.Upload the
compiled code to the Arduino Uno board.
Step 7:- Now select the port and board = Arduino uno as shown in fig (1.4) and
connect our system to Arduino uno using USB cable
Fig 1.4
Step 8:- Now it’s time for testing. Power on the Arduino Uno board. Move
objects or hands near the IR sensors to test motion detection and Verify
that the LEDs illuminate accordingly based on the detected motion.
RESULT
The automatic staircase lighting project successfully demonstrates the
integration of Arduino Uno, IR sensors, LEDs, and cardboard materials to
create a functional and innovative lighting solution. The project comprises
a cardboard base with a staircase structure affixed to it. LEDs are
strategically placed along the stairs to provide illumination, with each
LED connected to a common ground and digital pins 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the
Arduino Uno.
Two IR sensors are employed, one positioned at the top of the staircase
and the other at the bottom. These sensors detect the presence of objects or
individuals on the stairs. Upon detecting an object, the IR sensors end
signals to the Arduino Uno, triggering the corresponding LEDs to
illuminate, providing safe navigation on the staircase.
The Arduino programming code is written in the Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) to ensure proper functionality. The code
includes instructions to interface with the IR sensors, read input signals, and
activate the LEDs based on the detected object's presence.
Through this project, a cost-effective and customizable automatic staircase
lighting system is achieved, utilizing readily available materials and basic
electronic components. This project not only demonstrates the application
of Arduino-based automation but also showcases the potential for creativity
and innovation in DIY electronics projects
Our Project is Successfully working
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the development and implementation of the automatic
staircase lighting project using Arduino Uno, IR sensors, LEDs, and
cardboard materials have yielded a functional and practical solution for
enhancing safety and convenience in residential environments. By
leveraging basic electronic components and simple construction
techniques, the project demonstrates the feasibility of creating smart
home solutions without the need for expensive or specialized
equipment.
The integration of IR sensors enables the system to detect the presence
of individuals on the staircase, triggering the corresponding LEDs to
illuminate the path, thus minimizing the risk of accidents in poorly lit
areas. The use of Arduino Uno as the central control unit facilitates
efficient signal processing and LED activation, ensuring timely and
accurate response to sensor inputs.
Furthermore, the utilization of cardboard materials for constructing the
staircase and base not only reduces production costs but also promotes
sustainability by repurposing readily available resources. This
underscores the project's commitment to eco-friendly and accessible
design principles.
Overall, the automatic staircase lighting project underscores the
potential of DIY electronics. Through innovation, creativity, and
collaboration, similar projects can be developed and customized to
meet the unique needs of diverse users and environments, further
advancing the field of smart home technology.
REFERENCES
1. https://youtu.be/pkW7pfkBsIE?si=8tmijZRHOawP72BZ
2. https://youtu.be/OTgREieFVTU?si=YbHflE_n94k4c6Cx
3. https://youtu.be/x7crwuOMDNM?si=UELFUNBlGE6Pv_RQ
4. https://youtu.be/aXfm71EjL5U?si=q0RE39L_S4crmgRN
5. https://youtu.be/C_WHQFtJI40?si=nwBGYsMp0CKI8aNN
6. https://sequa-licht.de/en/concept
7. https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2307276
