This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C1232 − 17

Standard Terminology for

Masonry1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
definitions of terms specifically associated with manufactured C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made
masonry units and masonry constructed with manufactured From Clay or Shale)
masonry units. These generic terms and definitions are used C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall
within the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortars Tile
and Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manu- C55 Specification for Concrete Building Brick
factured Masonry Units. C56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Tile
1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of C62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units
terms associated with the standards specific to clay masonry Made From Clay or Shale)
units, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62, C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and
C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088, Structural Clay Tile
C1167, C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67. C73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime
Brick)
1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units
terms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma- C126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Fac-
sonry units in particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90, ing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry Units
C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634 C129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry
and to Test Methods C140, C426, and C1262. Units
1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of terms C139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Con-
associated with the standards specific to autoclaved aerated struction of Catch Basins and Manholes
concrete masonry units in particular to Practice C1692 and to C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
Specifications C1386, C1691, and C1693. Masonry Units and Related Units
C212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing Tile
1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units
terms associated with the standards specific to clay and Made from Clay or Shale)
concrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167 C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units
and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570. C410 Specification for Industrial Floor Brick
1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, see C426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete
Terminology C1180. Masonry Units
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- C530 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Screen Tile
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the C652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Units Made From Clay or Shale)
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and Calcium Sili-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. cate Masonry Units
C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving
Brick
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C15.08 on Terminology. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1232 – 15a. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C1232-17. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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C936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving face, finished, n—any surface(s) of a manufactured masonry
Units unit intended by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.
C1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made
freeze thaw resistance, n—the ability of masonry to maintain
From Clay or Shale
integrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezing
C1167 Specification for Clay Roof Tiles
and thawing in the presence of moisture.
C1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit Masonry
C1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fire- frog, n—an indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit.
places Indentations not exceeding 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog,
C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura- sometimes called a panel or panel frog. Indentations exceed-
bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and ing 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.
Related Concrete Units
groove, n—a channel formed on surfaces other than finished
C1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick
faces of manufactured masonry units for production or
C1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units
construction purposes.
C1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall
Units height, n—vertical dimension of the face of a unit when the
C1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Con- unit is positioned as a stretcher.
crete (AAC) Wall Construction Units (Withdrawn 2013)3
C1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick length, n—horizontal dimension of the face of a unit when the
Units) unit is positioned as a stretcher.
C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers masonry, n—the type of construction made up of manufac-
C1492 Specification for Concrete Roof Tile tured masonry units laid with mortar, grout, or other methods
C1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and of joining.
Clay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)
C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and nominal dimension, n—dimension that is greater than the
Clay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method) specified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It is
C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and usually expressed as a whole number.
Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method) permeable unit pavement system, n—pavement with wearing
C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete Masonry surface made from clay or concrete units that allows
Lintels infiltration of water through open-graded aggregate in the
C1634 Specification for Concrete Facing Brick joints, cores, or other openings, to a bed, base, and subbase,
C1691 Specification for Unreinforced Autoclaved Aerated or combinations thereof.
Concrete (AAC) Masonry Units DISCUSSION—Permeable pavement systems are utilized to reduce
C1692 Practice for Construction and Testing of Autoclaved stormwater runoff. Permeable pavements have wearing surfaces with
Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry high initial water infiltration through open spaces filled with aggregates
C1693 Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete to drain water into open-graded bedding and base materials. The open
spaces in the wearing surface are designed to enable sufficient infiltra-
(AAC)
tion rates to handle runoff from designated storm types (for example, 1
year, 24 hour event).
3. Terminology With unit pavers the open spaces can be achieved with exposed
3.1 Generic Definitions—The definitions apply to manufac- coring, a specially-shaped perimeter configuration, or wider joints, or
combinations thereof. Permeable pavement systems can also be made
tured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufac-
with standard units and a laying pattern that permits sufficient water
tured masonry units. They are generic as used by ASTM entry.
Committees C12 and C15.
bed surface, n—(1) the nonvertical surfaces of a manufactured score, n—a channel formed for appearance purposes on the
masonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined by finished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.
mortar or other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfaces shell, n—the outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. Shell can
of a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or other either be an end shell or a face shell.
methods.
specified dimensions, n—dimensions to which masonry units
cryptoflorescence, n—crystalline deposit of water-soluble or constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)
compounds in the pores of masonry. dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions by
efflorescence, n—crystalline deposit, usually white, of water- permissible variations.
soluble compounds on the surface of masonry. surface feature, n—a quality or condition of the face of a
face, exposed, n—the in situ exposed surface(s) of a manufac- manufactured masonry unit.
tured masonry unit. DISCUSSION—Surface features include coatings, colors, textures,
relief, or combinations of these. A masonry unit may have different
surface features on individual faces.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on thickness, n—that dimension designed to lie at right angles to
www.astm.org. the face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.

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unit, facing, n—manufactured masonry unit designed for use brick, building, n—brick for load-resisting or other purposes
where one or more faces will be exposed and for which the where appearance properties such as texture or color are not
specification includes requirements on color, finish, and important (formerly called common brick); see Specification
other properties affecting appearance. C62 and Specification C652.
unit, hollow masonry, n—unit whose net cross-sectional area brick, chemical-resistant, n—brick suitable for use in chemi-
in any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, or cal environments where resistance to thermal shock may be
deep frogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area a consideration, usually used in conjunction with chemical-
measured in the same plane. resistant mortars; see Specification C279.

unit, manufactured masonry, n—a manmade noncombustible brick, facing, n—brick for general purposes where appearance
building product intended to be laid by hand and joined by properties such as color, texture, and chippage are important;
mortar, grout, or other methods of joining. see Specification C216 and Specification C652.
DISCUSSION—Facing brick are produced from selected clays and are
unit, permeable paving, n—a manufactured masonry unit for available in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.
pavement applications configured to achieve a minimum brick, firebox, n—brick intended for use as the lining in the
percentage of open area in the wearing surface of the fireboxes of residential fireplaces; see Specification C1261.
pavement by coring, a specially-shaped perimeter, or larger
spacer lugs, or combinations thereof. brick, floor, n—brick with physical properties related to
DISCUSSION—Permeable paving units may be specified under C902 resistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, or
for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick, C936 for Solid Concrete absorption, or combinations of these, used as finished floor
Interlocking Paving Units, C1272 for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick, or surfaces in industrial applications; see Specification C410.
C1319 for Concrete Grid Paving Units. Permeable pavement systems DISCUSSION—Other brick are used as flooring in non-industrial
can also be made with standard units and a laying pattern that permits applications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meet
sufficient water entry. the requirements in Specification C410 are typically smooth and dense.

unit, solid masonry, n—unit whose net cross-sectional area in brick, paving, n—brick made to provide the wearing surface
any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, or of highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, and
deep frogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional area similar applications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.
measured in the same plane. brick, sewer, n—low absorption, abrasive-resistant brick in-
units placed in usage, n—manufactured masonry units that tended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.
have been installed in masonry. brick, specially-shaped, n—a brick manufactured to a basic
shape of other than a rectangular prism.
cells/core holes, n—continuous openings or perforations
3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Units: within extruded clay products.
absorption, n—weight of water picked up by a clay masonry DISCUSSION—The extent of permissible openings is specified for each
unit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed in product as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surface
relation to the dry weight of the unit. plane that must be net (solid) area. Core hole is generally used for brick
while cell is used for structural tile. Cells are distinguished from core
DISCUSSION—Two conditions of immersion are designated in stan-
holes by being larger in size. As an illustration, cells must be larger than
dards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86°F (15.5 to
1 in.2 (645 mm2) under Specification C34, and 11⁄2 in.2 (968 mm2)
30°C)) water or 5 h in boiling water. (Different time intervals are
under Specification C652.
specified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorp-
tions are termed cold water absorption and boiling water absorption. ceramic, adj—pertaining to products containing hydrous sili-
Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factor cates of alumina that are treated to develop fired bond.
in classifying these products into durability grades. Absorptions are DISCUSSION—Ceramic materials used for brick and clay tile typically
indicators of the extent of firing during manufacture as well as being consist of clay or other similar earthy materials that have been fired in
indicators of durability. a kiln to temperatures above 1500ºF (655ºC). The exposure to high
temperature begins the transformation of the constituent materials from
absorption, initial rate of, n—a measure of the suction of
their natural state to that of a glassy state (incipient fusion).
water upward into a dry brick from a bed face during one
minute of exposure. clay, n—an earthy or stony mineral aggregate consisting
DISCUSSION—Initial rate of absorption (IRA) is a distinct property essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic when
that offers different information from absorption. It is expressed as sufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, and
grams of water picked up in one minute by a net area of 30 in.2 (194 vitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.
cm2).
Initial rate of absorption is one factor influencing the quality of bond color, body, n—the range of color obtained when materials
between brick and mortar. It is used in brick standards to recommend used to form the brick react to the effects of firing tempera-
construction practices for enhancing mortar to brick bonding. ture and atmosphere.
DISCUSSION—There may be additives in the body to produce a desired
brick, n—a solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale, color. When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and the
usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or fired unit is not flashed when fired, the body color is also the through-body
in a kiln; brick is a ceramic product. color, a surface feature.

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color, through-body, n—the range of surface color obtained The firing develops the inter-particulate bond, the strengths, the pore
when units without materials added to the surfaces for structure, and the color of the product. The extent of firing should be
appearance purposes are fired without flashing. sufficient to produce the levels of these properties required by the
specifications for the particular product.
DISCUSSION—Through-body color results from the materials used to
form the brick reacting to the effects of firing temperature. There may glaze, n—an impervious finish composed of ceramic materials,
be additives in the body to produce a desired color. fused during firing with the body of brick or tile, which is a
coring, v—the process of perforating structural clay products, semivitreous or vitreous surface and may be clear, white, or
generally performed during extrusion by supporting cores colored.
(rods) within the shaping cap of the extruder. glaze, salt, n—the color and texture resulting when faces have
engobe, n—a slip, other than a glaze, that is not impervious and a lustrous glazed finish from the thermochemical reaction of
is applied as a coating to a ceramic body to function as a the silicates of the clay body with vapors of salt or
glaze undercoat or to impart color, texture, opacity, or other chemicals.
characteristics. impervious, adj—describes the state of having obtained that
extrusion, n—shaping of brick by pushing plastic clay or shale degree of vitrification evidenced visually by resistance to
through a die opening that forms the peripheral dimensions penetration of a specified dye.
of the brick. incipient fusion, n—beginning of the development of fired
DISCUSSION—The column of extrudate is then cut into sections to
provide the third dimension of the brick. Water is added to the clay or
bond.
shale in sufficient quantities to permit laminar flow through the molding, v—shaping of brick by dropping, throwing, or
extrusion machine. The consistency of the extrudate may vary from stiff
vibrating wet clay or shale in a mold cavity shaped to
and capable of supporting several times its weight to soft and
deformable under slight loads. provide the peripheral dimensions of the brick.
DISCUSSION—Sufficient water is mixed with the clay or shale to
finish, coated, n—the surface color and texture resulting from produce a soft consistency.
the application of mineral particles to the finished faces in When insides of molds are sanded to prevent sticking of clay, the
the manufacturing process. product is sand-struck brick. When the molds are wetted to prevent
DISCUSSION—Coatings include engobes, glazes, sands, and slips, and sticking, the product is water-struck brick.
these may contain clays, colorants, fluxes, sands, and other materials. pressing, v—shaping of brick by pressing clay or shale into a
Coatings may be applied wet or dry and alone or in combinations.
mold cavity which forms the peripheral dimensions of the
finish, combed, n—the texture resulting when faces are altered brick.
by more or less parallel scratches or scarfs in manufacture. DISCUSSION—Different subclassifications of pressing are defined by
the quantity of water mixed with the clay or shale.
finish, flashed, n—the range of color produced by the presence Dry pressing uses high forming pressures and low water contents
of a reduced oxygen atmosphere in the kiln during firing. usually between 0 and 5 %.
Plastic pressing uses low pressures and sufficient water to produce a
finish, plaster-base, n—the texture intended for the direct plastic mixture.
application of plaster. Semi-dry pressing uses intermediate pressures and water quantities
DISCUSSION—Plaster-base finishes may be smooth, scored, combed, nominally between 5 and 14 %.
or roughened.
reactive particulates, n—a particle or particles present in a
finish, sand, n—the color and texture resulting when faces clay body, which when near the surface may flake off or
have sand applied either to the clay column in the extrusion cause an eruption (pop-outs) of the surface when exposed to
process for appearance purposes or as the lubricant to the the weather.
molds in the molding process.
shale, n—a thinly stratified, consolidated, sedimentary clay
fire clay, n—a sedimentary clay of low flux content. with well-marked cleavage parallel to the bedding.
fired bond, n—bond developed between particulate constitu- slip, n—a suspension of clay and mineral particles in a water
ents of brick solely as the result of the firing process. medium applied as a coating or finish to a ceramic body that,
DISCUSSION—The bond may result from fusion or melting of one or when fired, may function as a glaze or an engobe.
more constituents of the composition or the surface of particles. Other
thermal mechanisms such as sintering and interparticle reaction may be struck surface, n—the surface of a molded brick that is not in
responsible for the bond. contact with the mold and from which the excess clay/shale
The higher the heat treatment, the greater the extent of bonding and mixture is removed.
consequently the greater the developed strength and the lower the
resulting porosity. The bond development should be sufficient to surface clay, n—an unconsolidated, unstratified clay, occurring
provide the specified strength, porosity, and durability for any particular on the surface.
product.
tile, end-construction, n—tile designed to receive its compres-
firing, v—process of heating the material to elevated tempera- sive stress parallel to the axes of the cell.
tures.
DISCUSSION—The temperatures are usually in excess of 1706°F tile, fireproofing, n—tile for use as a protection for structural
(930°C). The extent of firing is a function of both time and temperature. members against fire.

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tile, furring, n—tile for lining the inside of walls and carrying saturated condition to an equilibrium weight and length
no superimposed loads. under specified accelerated drying conditions. C426
tile, header, n—tile designed to provide recesses for brick lot, n—any number of concrete masonry units or related units
header units in masonry faced walls. designated by the producer of any configuration or dimen-
sion manufactured by the producer using the same materials,
tile, loadbearing, n—tile for use in masonry constructions
concrete mix design, manufacturing process, and curing
designed to carry superimposed loads; see Specification
method.
C34.
tile, nonloadbearing, n—tile for use in masonry constructions moisture content, n—amount of water contained within a
carrying no superimposed loads; see Specification C56. concrete masonry unit or related unit at a given time
expressed as a percentage of the total amount of water in the
tile, partition, n—tile for use in building interior partitions, unit under saturated conditions.
subdividing areas into rooms, or similar constructions, and DISCUSSION—Moisture content is calculated as the difference in the
carrying no superimposed loads. received weight of the unit and the dry weight of the unit divided by the
difference in the saturated weight of the unit and the dry weight of the
tile, side-construction, n—tile designed to receive its com- unit, multiplied by 100 %.
pressive stress at right angles to the axes of the cells.
unit, concrete masonry, n—manufactured masonry unit made
tile, structural clay, n—hollow burned-clay masonry building of concrete in which the binder is a combination of water and
units with parallel cells or cores or both. cementitious materials.
DISCUSSION—Typical concrete masonry units are manufactured using
tile, structural clay facing, n—tile designed for use in interior
a dry-cast process.
and exterior unplastered walls, partitions or columns; see
Specification C212. unit, lightweight concrete masonry, n—unit whose oven-dry
density is less than 105 lb/ft3 (1680 kg/m3).
webs, n—the partitions dividing tile or hollow brick into cells.
unit, medium weight concrete masonry, n—unit whose
oven-dry density is at least 105 lb/ft3 (1680 kg/m3) and less
3.3 Definitions Specific to Concrete Masonry Units: than 125 lb/ft3 (2000 kg/m3).
absorption, n—difference in the amount of water contained unit, normal weight concrete masonry, n—unit whose oven-
within a concrete masonry unit or related unit between a dry density is 125 lb/ft3 (2000 kg/m3) or greater.
saturated and oven-dry condition in accordance with the
requirements of Test Methods C140. It is expressed as
weight of water per volume of concrete.
3.4 Definitions Specific to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
brick, calcium-silicate, n—a pressed and subsequently auto- Masonry Units:
claved unit that consists of sand and lime, with or without autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), n—a cementitious prod-
the inclusion of other materials. uct based on calcium silicate hydrates in which low density
brick, concrete, n—a concrete masonry unit made from is attained by the inclusion of an agent resulting in macro-
portland cement, water, and suitable aggregates, with or scopic voids, and in which curing is carried out using high
without the inclusion of other materials. See Specification pressure steam. Material specifications for this product are
C55. prescribed in Specification C1693.

brick, sand-lime, n—See calcium-silicate brick. AAC masonry, thick-bed, n—AAC masonry whose mortar
joints are approximately 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) thick.
concrete floor tile (CFT), n—a manufactured masonry unit
that is a blend of cementitious material, aggregates, AAC masonry, thin-bed, n—AAC masonry whose mortar
pigments, chemical admixtures, and water formed into the joints are approximately 1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm) thick.
appropriate shape and cured in order to be applied by means
of masonry mortar to an approved substrate.
coupon, n—a solid specimen, rectangular in any cross-section, 3.5 Definitions Specific to Clay and Concrete Roof Tile
that is saw-cut from a concrete masonry unit or related unit Units:
for the purpose of testing, and whose properties are consid- 3.5.1 Definitions Specific to Clay Roof Tile Units
ered representative of the whole unit.
clay roof tile, n—a solid unit of clay or shale, or both, formed
dry-cast, adj—manufacturing concrete products using low into any of a range of generally rectangular planar shapes
frequency, high amplitude vibration to consolidate concrete while plastic and fired in kiln; see Specification C1167.
of stiff or extremely dry consistency in a form. DISCUSSION—Clay roof tile is a ceramic product.

drying shrinkage, n—in this test method, the change in linear clay roof tile, high profile, n—tile having a rise to width ratio
dimension of the test specimen due to drying from a greater than 1:4.

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clay roof tile, hip and ridge, n—tile designed for application 3.5.2 Definitions Specific to Concrete Roof Tile Units
to the hip or ridge of a roof.
lap, head, n—distance of overlap measured from the upper-
clay roof tile, interlocking, n—tile with a system of ribs or most course to the point that it laps over the undermost
grooves enabling the lateral joining of adjacent tiles in the course.
same course with the overlocking edge of one tile covering
the underlocking edge of another forming the side lap. lap side, n—continuous longitudinal overlap of a tile on its
DISCUSSION—In some tile designs, provision is also made for inter- neighbor.
locking in the overlapping area of the head lap.
length, n—maximum overall dimension of the tile measured
clay roof tile, low profile, n—tile having a rise to width ratio parallel to the water course.
equal to, or less than 1:4.
lugs, batten, n—protrusions on the underside of the tile
clay roof tile, non-interlocking, n—tile without restrictive designed to engage over the upper edge of tiling battens.
ribs, grooves, or channels at the side lap or head lap.
lugs, nose, n—protrusion on the underside of the nose of each
lap, head, n—(1) the distance between the lower (nose) edge of tile, contoured to fit into the main water courses of the tile
an overlapping tile and the upper edge of the lapped unit in immediately below, inhibiting the entry of wind-driven rain.
the course immediately below; (2) for shingle tile only—the
distance between the lower (nose) edge of an overlapping nail hole, n—small opening passing partially or totally through
shingle tile and the upper edge of the lapped unit in the the tile to allow the penetration of a nail or screw for the
second course below. purpose of fastening the tile to a support.
DISCUSSION—The head lap and side lap specified with a particular tile
form the basis for determining area coverage of the specific design and profile, n—contour of the top surface of the tile when viewed
the computation of the number of units required to cover a given area from the nose end.
of roof. Tile is specified and sold on the basis of number of units
required to cover one roofing square, that is, 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of roof. rise, n—vertical distance from the underside of the batten lug
to the highest point of the surface profile.
lap, side, n—the distance by which the side edge of one tile
overlaps the side edge of an adjacent tile in the same course; tile, high profile, n—tile with a rise to width ratio greater than
for interlocking tile this corresponds to the width of that part 1:5.
of the tile that contains the ribs, grooves, or channels which
tile, interlocking, n—tiles with a system of ribs or grooves
provide for interlocking. (See Discussion under head lap.)
enabling the lateral joining of adjacent tiles in the same
length, n—the maximum dimension of the tile measured horizontal row, with the overlapping lock covering the
parallel to the water channels or perpendicular to the eave of underlapping lock.
the roof.
tile, low profile, n—tile with a rise equal to or less than 1⁄2 in.
lugs, batten, n—protrusions on the underside of tile designed
to engage over the upper edge of tiling battens. tile, medium profile, n—tile with a rise greater than 1⁄2 in. and
a rise-to-width ratio of less than or equal to 1:5.
lugs, nose, n—projections on the underside of the nose of each
tile contoured to fit into the main water courses of the tile tile, non-interlocking, n—tiles that butt at the sides without
immediately below, inhibiting the entry of wind-driven rain. lapping adjacent tiles.
nail hole, n—an appropriately sized opening such that tile shall thickness, n—any vertical measurement of the cross section of
not be fractured by the fastener and fixing process used to the tiles excluding the lapping area, nose lugs, and weather
attach the tile to the roof deck. checks.
nose, n—the lower visible edge of tile as applied on the roof. weather checks, n—protrusions below the tile designed to
profile, n—the contour of the top surface of the tile when restrict the flow of water between two consecutive courses of
viewed from the nose end. tiles.
rise, n—the maximum dimension of the cross-sectional profile width, n—maximum overall dimension of the tile measured
of the tile measured perpendicular to the roof surface as perpendicular to the length or water channel.
installed.
water course, n—valley portion of a profiled tile along which
thickness, n—a measurement of the cross section of the tile water drains.
made perpendicular to its surface. 3.6 Definitions Specific to Fly Ash Masonry Units:
width, n—the maximum dimension of the tile measured brick fly ash, n—a masonry unit made from fly ash, water, and
perpendicular to the length. suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
materials and specifically without the inclusion of portland
cement.

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 C1232 − 17
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(C1232 – 15a) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2017)

(1) Revised terminology for permeable unit pavement system.

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